2009高考英语二轮语法词汇总复习及练习冠词和数词

2009高考英语二轮语法词汇总复习及练习冠词和数词

本资料来源于《七彩教育网》http://www.7caiedu.cn 第三章 冠词和数词 冠词是一种辅助性的词，不可在句中独立担任一个成分。放在名词前，帮助说明名词的含义，使用极为频繁。冠词有不定冠词（a, an）和定冠词（the）两种。a和an的基本含义是“一，一个”，表示泛指，不强调数目，只表示名词不是特定的；the的基本含义是“这个，那个”，表示特指，在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。冠词本身是虚词，没有意义，同时也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义 数词可分为基数词（Cardinal Numbers）和序数词（Ordinal Numbers）两种。前者表示数量，后者表示顺序。‎ ‎ 高考重点要求：‎ 一、冠词 ‎1、不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词的基本用法 ‎2、不定冠词和定冠词的位置 ‎3、冠词常见的习惯搭配用法 二、数词 ‎1、掌握基数词、序数词构成 ‎2、掌握基数词、序数词的基本用法 ‎3、基数词、序数词在表示倍数、百分数、年、月、日等的基本用法 第一节 知识点概述 一、冠词 （一） 不定冠词 不定冠词用a还是an由后面一个词的首音决定。以元音开头的词前用an，以辅音（包括半元音，不是元音字母）开头的词前用a。例如：‎ 辅音字母或半元音开头：a tree, a university, a house, a European country, a one-eyed man 元音或半元音开头：an apple, an umbrella, an hour, an elephant, an opera 值得注意的是：‎ ‎1．如果不定冠词后面第一个词以辅音音素开头就用a。例如university, useless, useful, unit, uniform; 以元音音素开头用an .例如:an uncle , an apple 。‎ ‎2．如果不定冠词后面第一个词以不发音的h开头，而h后面第一个音的音素是元音因素，就用an。例如hour, honest。‎ ‎3．如果不定冠词和名词之间有其他词，不定冠词的形式仍取决于它后面第一个词的语音形式。例如a rich uncle , a beautiful actress。‎ 不定冠词的用法如下：‎ ‎1．用在单数可数名词前，表示一类人或事物，如：‎ A dictionary is a useful book.‎ An underground train can start and stop quickly.‎ ‎2．说明某人或某东西属于哪一类，如：‎ ‎ This is a book.‎ ‎ He used to be an engineer.‎ ‎3．泛指某人或某物，但未具体说明何人、何物，如：‎ ‎ A boy is waiting for me.‎ Give me a pen, please.‎ ‎4．表示数量，有“一”的意思，如：‎ ‎ Behind the house there is a garden.‎ ‎ once a week.‎ ‎5．用于某些固定词组中，如：‎ ‎ a few, a little, a lot of, a number of, just a minute, in a hurry, for a while, for a long time, a cup of, a bottle of, have a rest, have a talk, have a fever, have a good time, have(take) a walk, have a toothache, take a bath, give a lesson ‎（二）定冠词 定冠词的用法如下：‎ ‎1．指彼此都知道的人或事物，如： Open the door, please. Go and close the window.‎ ‎2．特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，如： The girl in red is my sister.‎ ‎ The man over there is our English teacher.‎ ‎ The book on the desk is mine.‎ ‎3．指前面提到过的人或事物，如：‎ ‎ Here is a picture of a modern car factory. My father works in the factory.‎ ‎4．用在序数词和形容词最高级前,以及在方位词前。如：‎ ‎ The Nile is the longest river in the world.‎ ‎ He won the first prize.‎ The sun rises in the east.‎ ‎5．用在某些名词化的形容词或过去分词前，表示一类人或事物， 如：‎ ‎ the rich, the sick, the new , the false, the wounded ‎6．用在某些专用名词前， 如：‎ ‎ the Great Wall ‎ the People’s Republic of ‎China ‎ the United Nations ‎ the ‎Netherlands ‎7．在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面，如：‎ ‎ the North China Plain ‎ the ‎Rocky Mountains ‎ the ‎Yangtse‎ ‎River ‎8．在一些用语中，如：‎ ‎ in the morning(/afternoon/evening), in the day, by the way, on the whole, the next morning, all the year around, the other day, at the same time ‎（三）不用冠词的情况 ‎1．在不含普通名词或某些专有名词如表示人名,地名，机构等 China, Beihai Park ‎2．名词前面已有用作定语的 this, that, my, your, some, any 等代词前，如：‎ ‎ The letter is from my father.‎ ‎ I have a book in my hand.‎ ‎3．在复数名词表示一类人或事物时，如：‎ ‎ Horses are useful animals.‎ ‎ I like cakes.‎ ‎4．在节日名称、星期、月份、季节前。如：‎ ‎ Today is Sunday.‎ ‎ Spring is the best season in the year.‎ Children’s Day ‎5．在某些固定搭配和习惯用语中，如：‎ ‎ go to school , be in hospital, be in prison ‎6．一天三餐，球类运动的名称前，如:‎ ‎ I like to play basketball.‎ ‎ We have lunch at school.‎ 二、数词 （一） 数词的词形 ‎ （1）在1-12中，1-12为基数词中的数词；序数词1-3为特殊变化，序数词4-12在基数词词尾加-th。[注意 fifth (第五)；ninth (第九)和 twelfth (第十二)的特殊拼写]。‎ ‎（2）在13-19中，13-19基数词在数词3-9后加-teen构成。其中13 和15 发生拼写变化 ：thirteen 和 fifteen ，相应序数词在基数词后加-th构成。13-19岁的少年用teens (in one’s teens在某人十多岁时)。‎ ‎（3）在20-90整十位数，在基数词2-9之后加-ty构成。其中20、30、40、50拼法特殊。在构成相应的序数词时，将词尾y变i，再加-eth。表示二十多岁等用twenty 等的复数twenties (in one’s twenties 在某人二十多岁时)。‎ ‎（4）两位数之间的数，由十位数加个位数构成，中间用连字符。构成序数词时，连字符前为基数词，后为序数词。如：二十五 twenty-five; 第九十九 ninety-ninth.‎ ‎（5）100以上数词,整百位数由1-9加 hundred构成，序数词在词尾加-th；整千位数由1-9加thousand构成，序数词在词尾加-th。在百位和个位之间须加and,如：141 one hundred and forty-one；1201 one thousand two hundred and one ，构成序数词只将最后一个数变成序数词。‎ ‎（二）使用基数词的情况 ‎ （1）念数 (o 念作 /o /或 zero)‎ ‎（2）电话号码（62083338）‎ ‎（3）事物表示编号顺序 (名词在前，如：Room 303; World War Two)‎ ‎（4）货币 (100 dollars)‎ ‎（5）度量 (50 kilos)‎ ‎（6）小数 (2.5 meters)‎ ‎（三）使用序数词的情况 ‎ （1）第几 ‎（2）月份后的号 (August 5th)‎ ‎（3）事物表示顺序 (名词在后，如：the fiftieth page; the Second World War)‎ ‎（四）分数、小数、百分比、倍数、四则运算的表示方法 类别 说明 例词或例句 分数 分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1，分母的序数词用复数。‎ ‎1/2 读作 a (one) half ‎1/3 读作 a (one) third ‎1/4 读作a (one) quarter或a (one) fourth ‎4/5 读作four fifths ‎4 2/3 读作four and two thirds Two thirds of the earth surface is covered by water.（地球表面的三分之二覆盖着水）‎ 小数 小数点读作point。小数点后面各数都按个位基数词读；小数点前面仍按基数词读。零读作o或zero.‎ ‎0.7 读作zero point seven ‎ ‎25.25 读作twenty-five point two five 百分比 百分比由基数词+percent组成 （ % ）‎ ‎2% 读作two percent ‎44% 读作forty-four percent ‎100% 读作one hundred percent More than 25 percent of the surface of the ground is covered with grass. 百分之二十五以上的地面被草覆盖着。‎ 倍数 (1) 倍数+as+形(副)原级+as (2) 倍数+形(副)比较级+than (3) 倍数+ the size(length , height , width , etc .)+ of (表示大小或数量的名词)‎ This room is three times as large as that one .‎ This room is two times larger than that one.‎ This room is three times the size of that one .‎ 注意：上述三个结构的意义是相同的。‎ 汉译表达：‎ 这间房是那间房的三倍大 。‎ 加、减、乘、除四则运算 用基数词表示 加号用plus / and 减号用minus 乘号用times 除号用divided by ‎9+8=17， 读作 Nine plus (and) eight is seventeen.‎ ‎11-5=6 ， 读作 Eleven minus five is six.‎ ‎6×5=30， 读作 Six times five is thirty.‎ ‎35÷7=5， 读作 Thirty-five divided by seven is five.‎ 第二节 实战演练 一、复习时需注意的要点 ‎1、如两个形容词都有冠词，表示两个不同东西。 例如：My grandpa raises a black and a white dog.　 我爷爷养了一只黑狗和一只白狗。 The black and the white dogs are his.　 这只黑狗和白狗都是他的。 2、如后一个形容词无冠词，则指一物。 例如：My grandpa raises a black and white dog.　 他养了一只黑白花狗。‎ ‎3、several 或基数词修饰 hundred, thousand, million 表示计数时,一般不用复数形式.‎ 例如:several hundred students watched the match.‎ ‎4、dozens of, scores of, hundreds of, millions of, tens of thousands of, hundreds of thousands of, tens of millions of等结构可用来表示不确定的数量.‎ 例如：Hundreds of thousands of people are going to watch the fireworks in the Central Park.‎ She bought dozens of eggs last week.‎ 二、历届高考试题分析 例1、I earn 10 dollars_________ hour as _________ supermarket cashier on Saturdays.‎ A. a...an B. the...a C. an...a D. an...the 答案为C。‎ ‎【解析】 hour以元音开头，前面加不定冠词an，an hour“每小时”；a表示“一个”，放在supermarket cashier前面表示类指，说明属哪类人。译文：星期六我作为超市出纳员每小时挣10美元。a/an的用法规则：以元音音素开头的单词前用an，以辅音音素开头的单词前用a。‎ 例2、One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain________ good knowledge of basic word formation.‎ A. / B. the C. a D. one 答案为C。‎ ‎【解析】 knowledge是不可数名词，当被某些修饰语修饰时，前面要加不定冠词，如：He has a very good knowledge of English.他在英语方面有丰富的知识。‎ 例3、Alexander Graham Bell invented ________telephone in 1876.‎ A. / B. a C. the D. one 答案为C  。‎ ‎【解析】 the+可数名词单数表示一类泛指。‎ 例4、The cakes are delicious. He'd like to have ________ third one because _______ second one is rather too small.‎ A. a…a B. the…the C. a…the D. the…a 答案为C。‎ ‎【解析】 注意序数词前面的冠词的用法：当序数词表示顺序时用定冠词the；表示再来一次使用不定冠词a (an)。从句子的意思可知，third one表示再吃一个，所以填a；second one表示所吃的第二个，所以填the。这句话的意思是：蛋糕很好吃。他想再吃一个，因为他吃的第二个太小了。‎ 例5、A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in ________leg.‎ A. a B. one C. the D. his 答案为C。‎ ‎【解析】 伤及某人某部位或拍、打、拉某人某部位要用句式wound/bit/beat/pat/take+sb+介词+the+部分。译文：子弹击中了战士，他的腿受了伤。‎ 例6、________people in the world are sending information by email every day.‎ A. Several million B. Many million C. Several millions D. Many million 答案为A。‎ ‎【解析】 在million，hundred等前如果有具体数字或several等词时，要用单数形式。many一般不与million等词连用。在表示不确切数目时用复数，例如：表示“数百万”，英语为millions of。译文：每天，世界上有百十万人通过email传递信息。 ‎ 例7、________ of the land in that district ________covered with trees and grass.‎ A. Two fifth...is B. Two fifth...are C. Two fifths...is D. Two fifths...are 答案为C。‎ ‎【解析】 分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词表示。如果分子大于1，序数词后加-s。分数和百分比作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于分数和百分数后的名词。句子中的主语land是单数，所以谓语动词要用is covered。 ‎ 例8、Paper produced every year is ________ the world's production of vehicles. ‎ A. the three times weight of B. three times the weight of C. as three times heavy as D. three times as heavier as ‎ 答案为B。‎ ‎【解析】 表示倍数的词数放在the weight of前，意思是“……重量的几倍”。 ‎ 例9、 An accident happened at_________ crossroads a few metres away from_______ bank.‎ A. a…a B. /…a C. /…the D. the…/‎ 答案为A。‎ ‎【解析】 at a crossroads表示“在十字路口”，crossroads“十字路口”是复数形式单数用法；bank是可数名词，不能单独使用(要加冠词或复数)，又非特指，不能用the。此处是泛指，前面要用不定冠词a。‎ 例10、Smith _____ me to buy several _____ eggs for the dinner A、asked…dozen B、suggested…dozens of ‎ C、had…dozen D、persuaded…dozens of 答案为A。‎ ‎【解析】 “dozen +复数名词”前除了用具体数词修饰外，还可以用several, many 修饰，如several dozen people, many dozen students等，dozen 不加s。‎ 第三节 巩固练习 Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.‎ ‎1. It takes us ________ hour or more to go to my hometown by ________ train. 　A. an…a　　　 B. a…an　　　 C. an… /　　　 D. a…/‎ ‎2. They had ___wonderful train ride to Chengdu before they went on to ___Mount Emei by bus. A. a…the         B. /… the           C. a…/           D. the…a ‎3. For a long time they walked without saying _____ word. Jim was the first to break _____‎ silence.‎ A. the...a B. a...the C. a.../ D. the.../‎ ‎4. —By the way, have you got ________ E-mail address?‎ ‎—Oh, yes, it’s cthsc @ citiz.net.‎ A. the　　　 B. an　　　 C. a　　　 D. /‎ ‎5. ______ book on the desk is _______ useful one. 　A. The...an　　　 B.A...a　　　 C. The...a　　　 D. The.../ 6 My good friend Liqing studies at ‎______‎‎ ‎Middle School. ‎ A. 18           B. the 18          C. 18th No.         D. No.18‎ ‎7. —What date is it?‎ ‎—It’s _______.‎ ‎ A. the April thirteenth      B. the thirteenth of April ‎ C. thirteenth April             D. April thirteen 8. His uncle has lived at _______ for ten years. A. No.103 Xinhua Street         B. ‎103 Xinhua Street C. Xinhua Street 103               D. Xinhua Street ‎ No.103 9. Please wait here. I’ll be back in _______ hours. A. two and half a      B. two and a half C. half and two      D. two a half.‎ ‎10. When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to _____ hotel. I can find you _____ bed in my flat.‎ ‎ A. the...a B. the.../ C. a...the D. a.../‎ ‎11.China is _______ larger than the United States. A. one six       B. one sixth        C. one sixes         D. a sixths 12.Two ______ died of cold last winter. A. hundreds old people               B. hundreds old peoples C. hundred old people               D. hundred old peoples 13. 999 reads nine hundred ______. A. and ninety ninth   B. and ninety-nine   C. ninety and nine   D. and nine nine 14.Our teacher told us to write a _________ composition. A. two-thousand-word               B. two-thousand-words C. two thousands words             D. two-thousands-word 15.Henry is ______ tallest in their class. A. three         B. the three       C. third            D. the third 16. Would you like to try _______ time?‎ A. two           B. second         C. a two         D. a second 17. When spring comes, _______ trees are planted in our city. A. millions of     B. a million of     C. two millions     D. million of 18. The number of the girls in our school ______ more than six ______. A. are...hundreds   B. is...hundred     C. are...hundred     D. is...hundred 19. _______ is a happy time for _______. A. Chinese New Year…children B. The Chinese New Year…children C. Chinese New Year…the children D. The Chinese New Year…the children 20. In _____ Marx began to learn Russian. A. a 1870      B. the 1870         C. the ‎1870’‎s       D. his 1870‎ ‎21. Most English people have _____ names: _____ name, a middle name and the family name. A. three...first   B. three...a first   C. the three...the first   D. the third...one ‎ first 22. _____ of the world’s books and newspapers are written in English. A. Three quarter  B. Three of quarters   C. Third fourths   D. Three fourths 23.Today we’re going to learn the _____ lesson.          ‎ ‎ A. twenty       B. 20             C. twentieth         D. twentyth 24. —How deep is the hole?‎ ‎—It is _____.                                       A. four metre deep   B. four metres deep  C. four-metre deep   D. four-metres-deep 25. _____ books must be produced for the children.              A. Many thousands B. Many thousands of   C. Many thousand of   D. Many thousand 26.There are _____ days in June and _____ day is Children’s Day.  A. thirteen, first  B. thirty...the second   C. thirty...the first   D. thirteen...the first 27. When you finish reading the book, you will have ____ better understanding of _____life.‎ A. a...the B. the...a C. /...the D. a.../‎ ‎28. —I heard that as many as 4,000 people were killed in 9.11 Horror Attack.‎ ‎ —Yes, _____ news came as _____ shock to us.‎ A. the...the B. the...a C. /.../ D. /...a ‎29. ____ _ on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _____ major concern of the country.‎ A. The.../ B. The...a C. An...the D. An.../‎ ‎30. I spoke to younger Mr. Hamilton, not Hamilton manager. ‎ A. /…the B. the…/ C. the…the D. /…/‎ ‎31. There's ________ dictionary on ________ desk by your side.‎ A. a...the B. a...a C. the...a D. the...the ‎32. —Where is my blue shirt?‎ ‎—It's in the washing machine. You have to wear _________different one. ‎ A. any B. the C. a D. other ‎33. I don't like talking on _______ telephone, I prefer writing _______letters.‎ A. a...the B. the.../ C. the...the D. a.../‎ ‎34. Mr. Smith, there’s a man at _______ front door who says he has _______news for you of great importance.‎ A. the…/ B. the...the C./…/ D./…the ‎35. Summers in ________south of France are for ________most part dry and sunny.‎ A. /…a B. the…/ C. /…/ D. the...the ‎36. He got hurt in a traffic accident _____ other day. Now he has been in _______ hospital for a week.‎ ‎ A. the, / B. the, the C. /, / D. /, the ‎37. Mark wished for ______ rest after having ______ hard time at school.‎ ‎ A. a…a B. the…the C. a…the D. a…/‎ ‎38. ______school usually begins in ______September , when the weather is still warm .‎ ‎ A. /…/ B. The …/ C. The…the D. A…/‎ ‎39. We stood at the top of the mountain _____ east of the city, watching ______ burning sun rising.‎ A. /…a B. the…a C. the…the D. /…the ‎40. —Put ______ waste bag in the dustbin.‎ ‎ —It’s not ______ waste bag. It’s my shopping bag.‎ ‎ A. a… a B. the…the C. the…a D. a… the ‎41. His car suddenly got burnt in ______crossroads a few metres away from ______ grocery.‎ ‎ A. /…the B. a…a C. the …a D. a …one ‎42. —What do you think of the director of the film?‎ ‎ —Oh, he is ______ director who is pleasant to work with. It’s ______ pleasure to work with him.‎ ‎ A. the…the B. a…a C. a…the D. the…/‎ ‎43. The family was in ______ difficult situation. When her father was in ______ poor health.‎ ‎ A. a…a B. a…/ C. the…/ D. /…/‎ ‎44. —Where’s ______ nearest bookstore?‎ ‎ —There’s one of _______ end of the street.‎ ‎ A. the…an B. a…the C. the…the D. a…an ‎45. In China, ______ bicycle is _______ popular means of transportation.‎ ‎ A. the…a B. a…/ C. the…the D. a…the ‎46. He said he couldn’t see clearly ______ number of the car among ______ number of cars.‎ ‎ A. the…the B. a…a C. the…a D. a…the ‎47. I assure you that you can have ______ good time in ______ space. It must be your ______ best choice.‎ ‎ A./ …the…the B. a… /…/ C./…/…the D. a…the…/‎ ‎48. The policeman stood in ______ front of _____ robber and hit him on ______ nose.‎ ‎ A. the…a…his B. /…/…his C. /…the…the D. the…the…the ‎49. ______ Christmas for westerners is like ______ Spring Festival for us Chinese.‎ ‎ A. The…the B. The…/ C. /…the D. /…/‎ ‎50. Shanghai is ______ most beautiful city and all of us are sure the 2010 World Expo will be ______ great success.‎ ‎ A. the…a B. a…a C. a…the D. the…the 第三章 冠词和数词 ‎1. C 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. C ‎11. B 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D 16. D 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. C ‎21. B 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. B 30. C ‎31. A 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. D 36. A 37. A 38. A 39. A 40. C ‎41. B 42. B 43. B 44. C 45. A 46. C 47. B 48. C 49. C 50. B