【英语】2018届人教版必修4一轮复习：Unit2　Workingtheland单元学案设计（28页含详细解析）

【英语】2018届人教版必修4一轮复习：Unit2　Workingtheland单元学案设计（28页含详细解析）

‎2018届人教版必修4一轮复习：Unit 2　Working the land单元学案设计 单元话题写作：　　第二层级——背句子、学衔接，让作文字顺意畅 ‎1．A terrible earthquake happened.‎ 发生了一场可怕的地震。‎ ‎2．It destroyed almost the whole school.‎ 它几乎毁掉了整所学校。‎ ‎3．Help has come from all parts of the country.‎ 全国上下伸出援手。‎ ‎4．Great changes have taken place in our school.‎ 我们学校已发生了很大变化。‎ ‎5．Wellequipped teaching buildings have been built.‎ 设施齐全的教学楼已经建起。‎ ‎6．A new library has also been set up.‎ 还盖了一座新图书馆。‎ ‎7．The whole nation unites together in the face of difficulty and danger.‎ 全国人民团结起来一起面对困难和危险。‎ ‎8．Nothing can defeat us.‎ 没有什么能击败我们。‎ ‎1.用分词短语连接1、2句 A_terrible_earthquake_happened,_destroying_almost_the_whole_school.‎ ‎2．用介词短语thanks to连接3、4句 Thanks_to_the_help_from_all_parts_of_the_country,_great_changes_have_taken_place_in_our_school.‎ ‎3．用as well as连接5、6句 Wellequipped_teaching_buildings_as_well_as_a_new_library_have_been_set_up.‎ ‎4．连接7、8句，使其成为含only if 引导的条件状语从句的复合句 Only_if_the_whole_nation_unites_together_in_the_face_of_difficulty_and_danger,_nothing_can_defeat_us.　　 ‎ 选用“for example, in addition, fortunately”过渡词语衔接成文。‎ A terrible earthquake happened, destroying almost the whole school.Fortunately,_thanks to the help from all parts of the country, great changes have taken place in our school.For_example,_wellequipped teaching buildings as well as a new library have been set up.In_addition,_new desks and chairs have been offered to us by a local company.Only if the whole nation unites together in the face of difficulty and danger, nothing can defeat us.‎ 单元课前知识搜索 ‎(Ⅰ)单词拼写 ‎1．Great changes have taken place in the first two decades (十年) of the 21st century in China.‎ ‎2．Expanding (扩展) your knowledge by reading more books is a wise choice.‎ ‎3．A bird was caught in the net, struggling (努力；挣扎) to escape.‎ ‎4．Don’t walk around without a sunhat when you travel in Sanya, or you will get sunburnt (晒伤)．‎ ‎5．He regretted (后悔) that he was careless and didn’t pass the exam.‎ ‎6．The method of reducing (减少) the teaching cost has been discussed at the meeting.‎ ‎7．It is very modern and about 80 percent of its products export (出口) to foreign countries.‎ ‎8．Such comments (评论) seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art world of her time.‎ ‎(Ⅱ)用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．The discovery (discover) is highly appreciated in scientific fields.‎ ‎2．Please state your name, age and occupation (occupy) below.‎ ‎3．They hope that the new model will go into production (produce) next year.‎ ‎4．In some poor African areas, many children died of hunger (hungry) every year.‎ ‎5．In our country, everyone has rights and freedom (free) to express his thoughts and ideas.‎ ‎(Ⅲ)语境填词(用所给词的适当形式填空)‎ ‎1．Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job.(equip)‎ ‎2．He was really confused by the confusing problem which also confused other people for a long time.(confuse)‎ ‎(Ⅰ)写出下列短语 ‎1．thanks_to　　　　　　　 幸亏；由于；因为 ‎2．rid_...of 摆脱；除去 ‎3．be_satisfied_with 对……感到满意 ‎4．would_rather 宁愿；宁可 ‎5．build_up 逐渐增强；建立；开发 ‎6．lead_to 导致；造成(后果)‎ ‎7．focus_on 集中(注意力、精力等)于 ‎8．be_rich_in 盛产 ‎9．keep_...free_from/of 使……免受(影响；伤害等)；‎ ‎ 使……不含(有害物)‎ ‎10．in_addition 另外 ‎(Ⅱ)选用上述短语填空 ‎1．Measures should be taken to keep the children and the old free_from the polluted vegetables above all.‎ ‎2．I would_rather you gave him more time to learn how to operate a company better than lent him more money.‎ ‎3．We are glad to see that he has built_up his strength after the illness.‎ ‎4．Thanks_to the support from the local government, they could rebuild their ‎ houses soon after the earthquake.‎ ‎5．We cannot really learn anything until we rid ourselves of being too proud.‎ ‎6．As is known to us all, success lies in hard work while laziness leads_to failure.‎ ‎7．The secretary forgot to type the letter, focusing_on reading an interesting report.‎ ‎8．I don’t really want a bigger house — I am_satisfied_with what I’ve got.‎ ‎1．If so, what did you do to grow them?‎ 如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植这些植物？‎ ‎[解读]　if so意为“如果是这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式。‎ ‎[仿写]　这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。‎ ‎ Will you be free this Sunday？If_so,_let’s go camping.‎ ‎2. Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.‎ 袁隆平种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。‎ ‎[解读]　what is called ...“所谓的……”，what引导宾语从句。‎ ‎[仿写]　众所周知，我们生活在所谓的信息时代。‎ As is known to us, we now live in _what_is_called Information Age.‎ ‎3．Recently, however, scientists have been finding that longterm use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people’s health.‎ 然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。‎ ‎[解读]　have been finding ...为现在完成进行时。‎ ‎[仿写]　——你们找到昨天在山中失踪的夫妇了吗？‎ ‎——没有，但是自从那以后，我们一直在尽力和他们取得联系。‎ ‎—Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?‎ ‎—No, but we have_been_trying to get in touch with them ever since.‎ 单元分板块学案 一、常考词汇细点拨 ‎1．struggle vt.& vi.& n．斗争；拼搏；努力；挣扎 ‎[高考佳句]　She never gave up and struggled to lead an active life.(湖南高考书面表达)‎ 她从来没有放弃，努力过着一种积极向上的生活。‎ ‎(1)struggle for　　　　　　　　　 为……而斗争 struggle with/against sb./sth. 与……作斗争 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来 ‎(2)with a struggle 费劲地 ‎①Some farmers have to leave their hometown and go to work in cities, struggling to increase their income.‎ 一些农民不得不离开家乡到城市里打工，努力地增加他们的收入。‎ ‎②We have to struggle_with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.‎ 我们必须和来自国内外的各种各样的困难作斗争。‎ ‎③She struggled_to_her_feet and continued walking.‎ 她挣扎着站起来，继续走。‎ ‎④Despite his terrible injuries, he wouldn’t give up the struggle for life.‎ 他尽管身负重伤，但仍然不会放弃求生的努力。‎ ‎[链接高考]‎ ‎(2010·湖南高考改编)Dina, having_struggled_for_months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(struggle)‎ Dina努力数月想找一份服务员的工作，最终却在当地的一家广告公司求得一职。‎ ‎2．equip vt.& vi.装备；配备 ‎ ‎[教材原句]　He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.‎ 因此，他资助几百万元供其他人进行农业研究。‎ ‎(1)equip ...with ...　　 　　 用……装备……‎ be equipped with 装备着……‎ equip ...for sth./to do sth. 为了……而装备 be well/poorly equipped 设备精良的/较差的 ‎(2)equipment n. 装备；设备(不可数名词)‎ a piece of equipment 一件设备 ‎①We want to equip our children with some special skills.‎ 我们想让孩子们具有某些特殊的技能。‎ ‎②He is equipped with much experience in teaching.‎ 他具有丰富的教学经验。‎ ‎③His work experience equipped him to_deal_with all kinds of people.‎ 他的工作经验使他能与各种各样的人打交道。‎ ‎[链接高考]‎ ‎(2013·江西高考)She ________ the carpet with some very nice curtains in colour.‎ A．connected　　　　　　　　 B．fitted C．equipped D．matched 解析：选D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：她用一些颜色非常好看的窗帘和这地毯搭配起来。根据句中的the carpet和curtains可知，此空应填matched，表示“使相配；使相称”。‎ ‎3．regret v．可惜；后悔；遗憾；惋惜 n．遗憾；抱歉 ‎[高考佳句]　If we don’t act now to protect the environment, we’ll live to regret it. (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ单项填空)‎ 如果我们现在不采取行动保护环境的话，我们将抱憾终身。‎ ‎(1)regret　　　 后悔做了某事 regret to say/tell/inform ...that ...‎ ‎ 遗憾地说(告知)……‎ regret that ... 遗憾……‎ ‎(2)with great/deep regret 很遗憾 to one’s regret 让某人感到遗憾的是 ‎①Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.‎ ‎(2012·北京高考单项填空)‎ 杰里不后悔给出评论，但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方式来表达的。‎ ‎②We regret_to_inform you that your application has not been successful.　‎ 我们很遗憾地通知您，您的申请未通过。‎ ‎③Much_to_our_regret,_we will not be able to visit you next year.‎ 让我们深感遗憾的是，我们明年不能去拜访你了。‎ ‎4．focus vt. 集中注意力；聚集n.焦点；关注点 ‎[教材原句]　They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.‎ 他们关心的是保持土壤肥沃并免受病害。‎ ‎(1)focus on　　　　　　　 集中于……‎ focus one’s attention/eyes/energy on ‎ 集中注意力/目光/精力于……‎ ‎(2)the focus of attention/concern ‎ 注意力/关注的焦点 ‎①If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors.‎ 如果你想模仿某人，要关注他们的才华，而不是他们不好的性格或无法接受的行为习惯。‎ ‎②Please focus_your_attention_on the following problem.‎ 请把注意力集中在下面的问题上。‎ ‎[联想归纳]‎ 想一想表示“集中注意力/精力于……”的短语还有哪些？试完成下列短语。‎ ‎①pay attention to sth.‎ ‎②put one’s heart into sth.‎ ‎③fix one’s attention on sth.‎ ‎④concentrate one’s attention on sth.‎ 二、间考词汇自识记 ‎1．expand vt.使变大；使增强；阐述vi.扩大；增加；增强 expand one’s knowledge/mind　　 扩展知识/心智 The purpose of education should be to expand the minds of children.‎ 教育的目的应该是扩展学生们的心智。‎ ‎2．rid摆脱；除去 rid ... of ... 摆脱；除去 get rid of 摆脱掉；除掉；处理掉 The dentist rid him of the pain by taking out his bad tooth.‎ 牙科医生把他的坏牙拔掉，使他免除痛苦。‎ ‎3．comment n．评论；议论vi.& vt.表达意见；作出评论 make comments on/about ... 对……加以评论 No comment! 无可奉告！‎ comment on/upon sth. 对……发表评论 The teacher often comments on/upon how different the two boys are.‎ 老师经常谈论那两个男孩子的不同之处。‎ ‎———————————————————————————‎ ‎…………………………(记的更多、更快、更长久！)‎ 请根据提示写出下列表示“学科”的高频单词 ‎1．agriculture n．　　　　　 农业(学)‎ ‎2．chemistry n. 化学 ‎3．economy n. 经济(学)‎ ‎4．ecology n. 生态(学)‎ ‎5．geography n. 地理(学)‎ ‎6．literature n. 文学 ‎ ‎———————————————————————————‎ ‎[单词对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.多项选择 ‎1．(2014·湖北省八校联考)Although he gets good income by renting houses, I strongly disapprove that he should continue hanging around without a(n)________．‎ A．reputation　 B．definition C．occupation D．accommodation 解析：选C　考查名词辨析。句意：尽管他通过出租房子获得了很好的收入，但是我强烈反对他没有工作而继续这样游手好闲。reputation“名声”；definition“定义”；occupation“职业”；accommodation“住宿”。‎ ‎2．—The cars give off a great deal of waste gas in the streets.‎ ‎—Yes.But I’m sure something will be done to ________ air pollution.‎ A．reduce B．remove C．collect D．warn 解析：选A　考查动词词义辨析。空处所在句子的句意：但是我确定会采取一些措施来减少大气污染。reduce“缩小；减少”；remove“清除”；collect“收集”；warn“警告；提醒”。根据句意应该选A。‎ ‎3．With all his attention ________ on his experiment, he has no time to spend with his family.‎ A．paid B．focused C．attracted D．settled 解析：选B　句意：由于把注意力全放在实验上，他没有时间陪家人。此处使用了with复合结构， attention和focus之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词，focus one’s attention on ...“把注意力集中在……上”。‎ ‎4．(2014·随州高三质检)The Foreign Ministry Spokeswoman on Thursday urged Japan to stop making irresponsible ________ on the incident in waters off the Diaoyu Islands.‎ A．comments B．explanations C．arguments D．debates 解析：选A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个外交部女发言人周四敦促日本停止对在钓鱼岛海域所发生的事件的不负责任的评论。make comments on“对……进行评论”。‎ ‎5．The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to ________ to be heard.‎ A．struggle B．fight C．strike D．hit 解析：选A　考查动词辨析。句意：孩子们在餐桌上说话声音那么大，以至于我必须努力喊才能被听到。struggle to do sth.“努力做某事”。fight “斗争”；strike“重击；敲打”；hit “击中”。‎ Ⅱ.多维演练(练得更细、更全、更彻底！)‎ ‎1．regret面面观 ‎(1)完成句子 ‎①I regret_to_tell_you that your problems are beyond my power.You'll have to turn to some other one, I'm afraid.(regret)‎ 我很抱歉地告诉你，你的问题超出了我的能力范围。恐怕你得求助别人了。‎ ‎②Robert is indeed a wise man.How I regretted not_taking/having_taken_his_advice.(take)‎ 罗伯特确实是一个聪明的人。我多么后悔没听他的建议。‎ ‎(2)We think, much to our ________， that we will not be able to visit you next week because we will have to take over Mr Smith’s business, who was ill.‎ A．relief B．amusement C．regret D．surprise 解析：选C　句意：让我们深感遗憾的是我们下周不能去拜访你了，因为我们必须接手史密斯先生的事务，他病了。relief “放松”；amusement “娱乐”；regret “遗憾”；surprise “惊奇”。‎ ‎2．equip点点练 ‎(1)完成句子 ‎①Our laboratory is_well_equipped and most of its equipment is from America.(equip)‎ 我们的实验室装备良好，大部分设备来自美国。‎ ‎②To find a good job, I need to continue my education, equipping_myself_with rich knowledge.(equip)‎ 为了找到一个好工作，我需要继续我的学业，用更丰富的知识来武装自己。‎ ‎(2)一句多译 因为掌握了科学的农耕新方法，现在，他们可以使用更少的农田进行耕种。‎ ‎①They are_equipped_with new scientific farming methods, so they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.(equip)‎ ‎②Equipped_with_new_scientific_farming_methods,_they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.(过去分词作状语)‎ ‎1．would rather 宁愿；宁可 ‎ ‎[教材原句]　He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.‎ 他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。‎ ‎(1)would rather (not) do sth.　　宁愿(不)做……‎ ‎(3)would rather＋从句 ‎(4)would rather have done　　本来想做……而未实现 ‎①—What about going camping again this weekend?‎ ‎—I’d rather not.I’d rather stay at home and read my novel.‎ ‎——这个周末再去野营怎么样？‎ ‎——我不愿去，我宁愿在家里读小说。‎ ‎②He would rather die than give in to the enemy.‎ 他宁死也不愿向敌人投降。‎ ‎③I’d rather you hadn’t_told me the truth yesterday.‎ 我宁愿你昨天没把事实告诉我。‎ ‎2．build up 逐渐增强；建立；开发；聚集；积累 ‎ ‎[经典例句]　The museum has built up a fine art collection.(朗文P267)‎ 这家博物馆已经积累了一批艺术藏品。‎ ‎[一词多义]‎ 写出下列句中build up 的含义 ‎①Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere, causing the global temperature to go up. 聚集；积累 ‎②Stevens played a key role in building up the company. (逐步)建立 ‎③Taking exercise helps us build up our body and keep a clear mind. 增进；锻炼 ‎④Hard working conditions can build up your character. 磨炼 ‎[链接高考]‎ ‎(2013·浙江高考)Bears ________ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.‎ A．pack up B．build up C．bring up D．take up 解析：选B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：熊在整个夏季和秋季积累脂肪，以便能使它们在冬眠的时候有足够的能量。build up“聚集；积累”，符合句意。pack up“收拾行李”；bring up“抚养”；take up“从事；占据”。‎ ‎3．lead to导致；造成(后果)；通向……‎ ‎[高考佳句]　A lack of confidence can lead to a lot of suffering.(2012·福建高考短文填词)‎ 缺乏自信心会导致许多痛苦。‎ lead sb. to do sth.　　　　 使某人做某事 lead/live a ...life 过……样的生活 lead the way 引路；带路 ‎①The discovery of new evidence led to the thief’s being caught.‎ 新证据的发现使得小偷被抓住。‎ ‎②He decided to_lead/live_a_new_life after the unusual experience.‎ ‎ 这次不平常的经历过后，他决定过一种新的生活。‎ ‎③This has led scientists to_think_out_ other solutions to the problem.‎ 这就使得科学家不得不想其他解决问题的方法。‎ ‎[短语对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 ‎1．His eyes slowly began to focus_on what looked like a small dark ball.‎ ‎2．Balanced diet and proper exercise can keep you free_from disease.‎ ‎3．To be mentally healthy, you need to build_up good relationships with each other.‎ ‎4．This kind of discussion will lead_to still greater differences between the two parties.‎ ‎5．Thanks_to your help, we finished the task ahead of schedule.‎ ‎6．A deep breath and a balanced mind will help (to) rid you of the anxiety and nervousness.‎ Ⅱ.多项选择 ‎1．(2014·湖北省八校联考)With people’s panic about H7N9 which is spreading in some areas ________， the government is taking measures to slow down the spread by wiping out all the chickens and birds on the market.‎ A．turning up　　　 B．building up C．keeping up D．putting up 解析：选B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：随着人们对某些地区出现的H7N9病毒传播的日益惊慌，政府正在通过彻底清理市场上的家禽等措施以减缓这种病毒的传播。turn up“出现”；build up“加强”；keep up“保持”；put up“张贴”。‎ ‎2．What we firmly believe is that the war never settles anything.It only ________ violence which is against our first will.‎ A．runs into B．comes from C．leads to D．begins with 解析：选C　句意：我们相信的是战争不能解决任何问题，它只会导致暴力，这有违我们的初衷。lead to“导致”；run into“偶然遇见；撞上”；come from“来自”； begin with“以……开始”。‎ If_so,_what did you do to grow them?‎ 如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植这些植物？‎ if so“如果这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，表示肯定意义；如果表示否定意义，则用if not。‎ ‎①They think she may try to phone.If so, someone must stay here.‎ 他们认为她可能来电话，要是这样的话，就得有人守在这儿。‎ ‎②I think there’s a train at midday.If_not,_ you’ll have to wait till 12：30.‎ 我想正午会有一班班车。要是没有，你只好等到12点半了。‎ if ever　　　　　　　 如果有过/发生过的话 if any 如果有的话 if possible 如果有可能 if necessary 如果有必要 ‎③If possible, try and go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.‎ 如果可能的话，尝试每天都在同一时间睡觉和起床。‎ ‎④He is ready to help others, seldom, if_ever,_refusing them when they turn to him.(2014·黑龙江佳木斯一中高三调研)‎ 他非常乐意帮助别人，当别人求助于他的时候，他很少(如果曾经有过的话)拒绝他们。‎ ‎[句型对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ 完成句子 ‎1．(2014·武汉市部分学校高三期末检测)Parents should teach children to_make_it_a_rule to put away their toys after playing with them.(make)‎ 父母应该教育孩子们把玩过的玩具收藏好定为一个规矩。‎ ‎2．(2014·武昌区实验中学月考)The famous film director lost his temper for_being_exposed_‎ to_so many entertainment reporters and their questions about his private life.(expose)‎ 那位著名的导演发了脾气，因为暴露在这么多的娱乐记者面前并被问及私人生活。‎ ‎3．(2014·荆州调研)I just don't understand what it is that_leads_to so many teenagers becoming so addicted to the Internet.(lead)‎ 我就是不明白究竟是什么导致如此多的青少年沉迷于网络。‎ ‎4．Being_brought_up in the countryside made Mr.Wilson very hardworking when he was very young.(bring)‎ Mr.Wilson在乡下被抚养长大，这使他在很小的时候就很勤劳。‎ ‎5．Is anybody feeling cold? If_not,_let us open the windows.(if)‎ 有人感到冷吗？如果没有的话，我们开窗吧。‎ v．ing形式作主语和宾语 完成句子 ‎1．(2014·荆州调研)We should make laws to prevent factories from sending smoke into the air without being_dealt_with.(deal)‎ 我们应该制定法律，严禁工厂未经处理就将烟排往空气中。‎ ‎2．(2014·湖北省八校联考)Being_exposed_to/Exposing_themselves_to_different languages and cultures does a lot of good to children.(expose)‎ 接触不同的语言和文化对孩子们大有裨益。‎ ‎3．(2014·孝感调考)Keeping_plants_alive during long land transport or sea voyages is a big challenge, causing explorers to find solutions.(keep)‎ 在长途的陆地或海洋运输中使植物成活下来是个巨大的挑战，这要勘探者找出解决的办法。‎ ‎4．We are considering taking_measures to deal with the environmental problems.(measure)‎ 我们正在考虑采取措施解决环境问题。‎ ‎5．(2014·武昌调研)China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from being_attacked in the South China Sea.(attack)‎ 最近中国加强对黄岩岛附近水域的控制以阻止中国渔船受到攻击。‎ Ⅰ.多项选择 ‎1．(2014·孝感高三质检)The plan wasn’t illegal in itself but it would ________ some doubtful practices.‎ A．turn to　　　　　　　　 B．lead to C．appeal to D．adapt to 解析：选B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：这项计划本身并不违法，但它在具体实施中会带来一些问题。turn to“求助于”；lead to“导致”；appeal to“吸引；感染；诉诸”；adapt to“适应”。故选B。‎ ‎2．(2014·黄石高三检测)If we just bring over products developed for the US market, we will soon be ________ to just competing on price.‎ A．made B．intended C．reduced D．forced 解析：选C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们只是把为美国市场开发的产品拿过来，那么我们将很快沦落到只能打价格战的境地。be reduced to doing“沦落到”。‎ ‎3．________ these new treatments, people with high blood pressure can live a long and active life.‎ A．Thanks to B．According to C．As for D．Instead of 解析：选A　句意：多亏了这些新治疗措施，使高血压病人能生活的积极健康长寿。thanks to“由于；多亏了”，符合句意。‎ ‎4．(2014·鄂州高三调研)Lin Shuhao has earned a good ________ at home and abroad for his excellent basketball skill and won thousands of fans.‎ A．reputation B．occupation C．contribution D．civilization 解析：选A　句意：林书豪因为精湛的篮球技艺享誉国内外，并赢得了成千上万的粉丝。reputation“荣誉”；occupation“职业”；contribution“贡献”；civilization“文明”。根据句意选A。‎ ‎5．(2014·湖北重点中学联考)His contribution to the boy’s welfare is to ________ him for the world in which he lives.‎ A．intend B．make C．equip D．provide 解析：选C　句意：他为那男孩的幸福所作的贡献将使他对生活在其中的这个世界有了充分的准备。equip“使准备；装备”，符合句意。intend sb.for ...“使某人专门成为……”；make“制造；制作”；provide“提供”，但其搭配应为：provide sth.for sb.。‎ ‎6．In order to let their children receive a better education, parents often have to ‎ ________ hard for quite a long time.‎ A．observe B．struggle C．expand D．circulate 解析：选B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了让孩子接受更好的教育，父母常常要努力奋斗相当长的时间。struggle“拼搏；努力”，符合句意。observe“观察；遵守”；expand“伸展；(使)变大”；circulate“循环；流转”。‎ ‎7．—What’s the matter with John？He has been sitting there for hours.‎ ‎—A postcard from his father ________ an attack of homesickness in him.‎ A．took up B．set off C．brought in D．built up 解析：选B　句意：“约翰怎么啦？他一直坐了好几个小时了。”“父亲寄来的明信片使他想家。”take up“拿起；占据；从事”；set off“出发；引起；使爆炸”；bring in“带来；引进”；build up“逐渐建立”。根据句意选B。‎ ‎8．(2014·湖北七市联考)It is a good idea to make a brief ________ of the main points of your speech to get yourself across to the audience.‎ A．comment B．summary C．guide D．framework 解析：选B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了让观众更好地理解你，对演讲的主要内容做个简短的总结是一个好主意。summary“概括；总结”，符合句意。comment“评论；意见；批评”；guide“指南；导游”；framework“框架；准则”。‎ ‎9．(2014·武汉市高三模拟)To cope with the stress in study, every morning Richard spends 45 minutes doing physical exercises to ________ his health.‎ A．break up B．build up C．add up D．take up 解析：选B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了应对学习上的压力，Richard每天早晨花45分钟的时间进行体育锻炼来增强自己的体质。A项意为“解散；拆散；分手”；B项意为“增强；增进；加强”；C项意为“合计”；D项意为“拿起；从事；占据”。在选项中，与空后health相关的只有短语build up。故答案选B。‎ ‎10．(2014·武汉调研)Climate change has become the ______ of public attention since the snowstorm disaster happened in that country.‎ A．direction B．destination C．target D．focus 解析：选D　句意：自那个国家发生雪灾之后，气候变化已经成为公众关注的焦点。focus“焦点”，符合句意。direction“方向”；destination“目的地”；target“目标”。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．While shopping, people sometimes can't help being_persuaded_into_buying_something they don't really need.(persuade)‎ 购物时，人们有时经不住劝说买些他们并不真正需要的东西。‎ ‎2．Some necessary equipment as well as food and clothes has_been_sent_to the disasterhit area since the floods occurred.(sent)‎ 洪水暴发后，一些必需的装备、食品及衣物已被送往受灾地区。‎ ‎3．(2014·武汉市部分学校调研)Frequently_changing_your_body from one position to another may be seen as a sign of nervousness.(change)‎ 频繁地改变你身体的位置，是紧张的表现。‎ ‎4．The wrong decision will cost him everything for_which_he_has_struggled for years.‎ ‎(struggle)‎ 这项错误的决定将会使他丧失他为之奋斗好多年的一切。‎ ‎5．I would rather you_began_to_do_the_work at once by yourself.(begin)‎ 我宁愿你立刻自己开始做这项工作。‎ ‎6．She does exercise every day, reducing_her_weight by 10%.(reduce)‎ 她坚持天天锻炼，把体重降低了10%。‎ ‎7．Microsoft is believed to_be_focusing_on a new mobile phone operating system.(focus)‎ 人们相信，微软正在致力于一种新的手机操作系统。‎ ‎8．Being_accused_of_cheating_customers_caused an immediate failure of this restaurant due to the loose management and lack of commercial conscience.(accuse)‎ 由于这家店管理松散，缺乏商业良知，在被指控欺骗顾客后立刻身败名裂。‎ ‎9．It is really lucky for me to_have_been_brought_up in such a small mountain village with a great sense of friendliness and voluntary service.(bring)‎ 我很幸运在这样一个极具友善感和无私奉献精神的小山村里长大。‎ ‎10．It is because your ideas are out of step with the times that_you_find_it_hard to keep up with it.(find)‎ 正是由于你的思想与时代不同步，你才会认为很难跟上时代的步伐。‎ Ⅲ.阅读理解 A ‎(2014·宜昌高三质量检测)Studies show farmland in Africa is often lacking in important nutrients.But researchers say a combination of farming methods may help.‎ Researchers wonder how to increase production without necessarily clearing more land to grow additional crops.American researchers say that ‎ can happen with greater use of an agricultural system called perenniation.It mixes food crops with trees and perennial plants — those that return year after year.‎ Soil scientist John Reganold says, “One of the major problems is that the soils are fairly poor in most of the regions.So how do you grow food on poor soils? There have to be food production systems that can build the soil and improve the yield.”‎ Mr.Reganold says poor soil may have resulted from years of weathering that washed away many nutrients.He says some farmers may have done more harm than good.‎ ‎“They have been actually using farming practices where they’re not putting in organic matter.They’re not putting in fertilizers.They can’t afford those things.And it just runs the soil down.So they’re worsening the situation.”‎ The scientist says the word perenniation defines three systems that are already used in Africa.The oldest of the three is called evergreen agriculture.This is where farmers plant trees with their crops.Farmers in Africa have been doing this for sixty years, but it seems to be growing in popularity.‎ The method is gaining widespread use in countries such as Niger, Burkina Faso, Malawi and Zambia.The trees are planted among maize (玉米), millet or sorghum crops.They not only add nitrogen (氮) to the soil through their roots, but also through their leaves when they fall off and break down.At other times of the year, the trees can protect plants from strong sunlight.‎ John Reganold says he knows of one woman who has had great success with perenniation.‎ ‎“She’s a grandmother in her fifties.Her name is Rhoda Mang’yana and she started using this system about twenty years ago.And her yields initially were about a ton of maize.Now with a good year she gets four tons per hectare, four times what she was getting.”‎ 语篇解读：在非洲，土地有限、地力贫瘠。如何有效地改善土地状况，提高农作物产量呢？本文介绍了一种能有效提高土地的肥力，促进生产的耕作方式。‎ ‎1．The purpose of the passage is to ________.‎ A．tell people how to increase production B．introduce an agricultural system in Africa C．introduce the oldest farming method in Africa D．tell us how to prevent soil from being poor 解析：选B　写作意图题。由文章第一段及第二段第二句话可知，本文主要针对非洲土地营养成分不足、产量低这一问题，向我们介绍了一种新的农业系统。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “weathering” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?‎ A．Being exposed to wind and rain.‎ B．Growing different crops.‎ C．Being polluted severely.‎ D．Being ploughed improperly.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。分析画线词所在句可知，多年的风雨侵蚀，导致了土地中的营养大量流失。C项文中未提及，B、D两项不符合句意，可排除。‎ ‎3．According to the passage, which of the following statements is WRONG?‎ A．Perenniation mixes food crops with trees and perennial plants.‎ B．Poor soil is the main problem in increasing food production.‎ C．Farmers may be more to blame for the present situation.‎ D．American researchers first invented perenniation.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。由文章第六段第一句以及最后一句可知，这种系统早已经在非洲使用，所以这种系统并不是美国研究人员最先发明的。‎ ‎4．Why does John Reganold mention Rhoda Mang’yana?‎ A．To show the method is very popular in Africa.‎ B．Because she is an expert at farming production.‎ C．To prove the farming method is effective.‎ D．Because she produced more grains than anyone else in the country.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据文章最后两段可知，John Reganold提到Rhoda Mang’yana是为了证明这种种植方式是有效果的。‎ B ‎(2014·黄冈4月适应性测试)Mom was right! If you say thank you, for even the smallest gift or slightest show of kindness, you’ll feel happy.‎ Gratitude, says Robert A. Emmons, a professor or psychology at the University of California, is an important element of happiness. In his recent book, Thanks, Emmons uses the first major study on gratitude to prove mom’s point. In acknowledging and developing this muchignored expression of thankfulness, he explains how people have benefited — even improved their health.‎ As one of the leading scholars of the positive psychology movement, he admits gratitude may be difficult to express. He advises you to begin by admitting that life is good and full of events and elements that make daily existence a wonder. Second, recognize that the source of life’s goodness is more than just you. That source may be your mom, a friend, partner, child, colleague at work or play, or any combination of these. ‎ Gratitude is always otherdirected, notes Emmons. You can be pleased or angry with yourself and feel guilty about doing something wrong, but you can never be grateful to or for yourself. ‎ Expressing gratitude shouldn’t be a reaction; it should be a state of mind. To feel grateful when life is a breeze and you have more than you need is easy. To feel ‎ grateful in time of crisis — anger, hatred and bitterness — is easier. Also, too many people are aware of life’s blessings only after these are lost.‎ It’s crisis and chaos — danger, disease, disability and death — that bring many individuals to realize just how dependent they are on others. Yet it’s the way each of us begins life and ends it. It’s too bad that so many people waste those decades in between labouring under the illusion they are selfsufficient, says Emmons.‎ The abundance of voices expressing gratitude from his studies of individuals with chronic health problems is many. But Emmons goes beyond his “groundbreaking” science to make his case for gratitude by including the inspirational writings of philosophers, novelists and saints, as well as the beliefs of various religions and their respective scriptures. Taken together, these observations are summed up quite nicely by famous humanist Albert Schweitzer, who said the secret of life is “giving thanks for everything”. ‎ To enable and embrace gratitude, Emmons encourages the readers of Thanks to keep a gratitude diary. He even provides easytofollow directions on how to practice and develop gratitude. ‎ I’m not a reader or advocate of selfhelp books, but I am thankful for the reference I found in a newspaper article to the research Emmons was conducting on gratitude involving organ donors and recipients. The chance discovery led me to this book.‎ Mom implied that kindness seems to find its way back to the giver because life really is all about giving, receiving and repaying. So I’ll pay attention to her professional advice and say: Thank you, professor Emmons.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕“感恩”这个主题并结合心理学教授Emmons的研究说明生活的真谛就是给予、接受和偿还。因此，要学会感恩，它是幸福的源泉。‎ ‎5．What is the text mainly discussed?‎ A．There are many ways of being thankful.‎ B．Gratitude is important to happiness.‎ C．Mom is great for her being thankful.‎ D．Being thankful will keep you fit.‎ 解析：选B　主旨大意题。通读全文并结合第二段第一句“Gratitude ... is an important element of happiness.”可知，B项正确。‎ ‎6．The author mentions Robert A. Emmons’ book Thanks in order to prove that ________.‎ A．Professor Emmons supports mom’s study on psychology B．mom is as great a psychologist as Professor Emmons C．Professor Emmons is a famous psychologist D．mom is right about her viewpoint on gratitude 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“In his recent book, Thanks, Emmons uses the first major study on gratitude to prove mom’s point.”可知，D项正确。‎ ‎7．It will be easier for you to feel grateful when ________.‎ A．you live a comfortable life B．you receive gifts on your birthday C．you get help during your hard times D．you are congratulated on your success 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第五段第三句“To feel grateful in time of crisis — anger, hatred and bitterness — is easier.”可知，C项正确。‎ ‎8．What is the opinion of Professor Emmons?‎ A．It is enough to thank others orally.‎ B．Whether you are thankful is always up to you.‎ C．Remember to be thankful anytime and anywhere.‎ D．It is easier to be thankful for yourself than for others.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据倒数第四段最后一句“Taken together, these observations are summed up quite nicely by famous humanist Albert Schweitzer, who said the secret of life is’giving thanks for everything.’”可知，C项正确。‎ 文学与艺术类 ‎[精读语篇](2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B)‎ In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music, dance and theatre in Edinburgh.The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.‎ It quickly attracted famous names such as Alec Guinness, Richard Burton, Dame Margot Fonteyn and Marlene Dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras (交响乐团)．It became a fixed event every August and now attracts 400,000 people yearly.‎ At the same time, the “Fringe” appeared as a challenge to the official festival.Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947, in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform, and they did so in a public house disused for years.‎ Soon, groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by littleknown writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.‎ Today the “Fringe”， once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre, music and dance on every one of the 21 days it ‎ lasts.And yet as early as 1959, with only 19 theatre groups performing, some said it was getting too big.‎ A paid administrator was first employed only in 1971, and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself.In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries.More than 1.25 million tickets were sold.‎ ‎[题目试做](建议用时：7分钟)‎ ‎40．What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning?‎ A．To bring Europe together again.‎ B．To honor heroes of World War Ⅱ.‎ C．To introduce young theatre groups.‎ D．To attract great artists from Europe.‎ ‎41．Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to Edinburgh in 1947?‎ A．They owned a public house there.‎ B．They came to take up a challenge.‎ C．They thought they were also famous.‎ D．They wanted to take part in the festival.‎ ‎42．Who joined the “Fringe” after it appeared?‎ A．Popular writers.‎ B．University students.‎ C．Artists from around the world.‎ D．Performers of music and dance.‎ ‎43．We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival ________.‎ A．has become a nonofficial event B．has gone beyond an art festival C．gives shows all year round D．keeps growing rapidly ‎[读文样板]‎ 一、理清文章脉络 这是一篇记叙文。1947年一群艺术界的著名艺术家在一位奥地利指挥家的带领下，决定在爱丁堡举办国际艺术节来使整个欧洲在二战后再团结起来。没想到这个艺术节得到了许多人的青睐，并迅速发展。‎ 第一段：介绍爱丁堡艺术节及其目的。‎ 第二段：介绍它吸引了许多著名人物和乐团，成了一个固定的节日。‎ 第三段：介绍了8个剧组在未经邀请的情况下参加了这次艺术节。‎ 第四段：介绍大学生加入了这个艺术节。 ‎ 第五、六段：介绍了该节日从不被承认，最后发展成为盛大的艺术节。‎ 二、破解阅读障碍 ‎(一)怎样破解生僻词汇 ‎1．uninvited adj.未被邀请的 破解方法：利用构词法。un(否定前缀)＋invited(受到邀请的) ＝ uninvited ‎2．outgrow v．随长大而改变 破解方法：利用构词法。out(前缀，表示“超过；胜过”)＋grow(生长) ＝ outgrow ‎3．house n．房屋 vt.给……提供场地；给……提供房屋 破解方法：熟词新义。原文：In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows ...此处housing为现在分词短语作定语，指可以为1 695次演出提供场地。house在此被用作动词，指“给……提供场地”。‎ ‎(二)怎样破解长难句 译文：不久，一批批的学生，首先是来自爱丁堡大学的学生，接着便是牛津、剑桥、达勒姆和伯明翰大学的学生，每年夏天来到苏格兰首府，在小教堂中为爱丁堡人表演一些不太为人所知的作家的戏剧。‎ ‎[解题样板]‎ ‎40.起初爱丁堡艺术节的目的是什么？‎ 信息源 选项特征 A.为了让欧洲重新团结起来。‎ 第一段最后一句 合理推断 B.为了纪念二战中出现的英雄人物。‎ 文中未提及 无中生有 C.为了推出年轻的剧团。‎ 第三段及第四段 曲解文意 D.为了吸引欧洲伟大的艺术家。‎ 第二段第一句 曲解文意 ‎[分析]　选A　根据第一段最后一句“The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.”可知该项活动的目的是将二战后的欧洲重新团结起来，故选A。‎ ‎41.在1947年，为什么一些未被邀请的剧团来到了爱丁堡？‎ 信息源 选项特征 A.他们在那里拥有公共房屋。‎ 第三段最后一句 曲解文意 B.他们来接受挑战。‎ 第三段第一句 曲解文意 C.他们认为自己也很有名。‎ 文中未提及 无中生有 D.他们想参加这个节日。‎ 第三段第二句 合理推断 ‎[分析]　选D　根据第三段第二句话后半句中“...in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform, and they did so in a public house disused for years.”可知一些没被邀请的剧团想参加艺术节，故选D。‎ ‎42.“Fringe”出现后，谁加入了它？‎ 信息源 选项特征 A.有名的作家。‎ 第四段 曲解文意 B.大学生。‎ 第四段 合理推断 C.世界各地的艺术家。‎ 第四段未提及 无中生有 D.音乐舞蹈表演者。‎ 第四段未提及 无中生有 ‎[分析]　选B　根据第四段可知，是来自许多大学的学生参加了“Fringe”，故选B。‎ ‎43.我们从文章可以得知，爱丁堡艺术节________。‎ 信息源 选项特征 A.已成为非官方的事情 最后一段 曲解文意 B.已经超越了艺术节 第五段 曲解文意 C.成年累月地演出 第五段 曲解文意 D.在快速发展 最后两段 合理推断 ‎[分析]　选D　根据最后两段所列举的一些数字可以推断出节日规模在不断增长，故选D。‎