【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修4Unit1Womenofachievement单元学案设计（25页）

【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修4Unit1Womenofachievement单元学案设计（25页）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修4Unit 1　Women of achievement单元学案设计 ‎【课前预习】‎ Ⅰ.情景默写 ‎1.We support(支持)each other financially and by showing up at events.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ ‎2.His parents always had him weeding the garden，carrying out the garbage and delivering(递送)newspapers.(2016·天津卷)‎ ‎3.He is such a great man that all of us show our respect(尊敬) for him.‎ ‎4.Last week，I returned to the village where I grew up in my childhood(童年).‎ ‎5.None of us had seen an emergency(紧急情况) like this and we were all terrified.‎ ‎6.Yesterday the police began a campaign(运动) to stop taking drugs.‎ ‎7.There is a generation(一代) gap between my parents and me.‎ ‎8.You can’t imagine how many people crowded(挤满) the cinema on the New Year’s Day.‎ ‎9.Computers have replaced televisions as our most popular form of entertainment(娱乐).‎ ‎10.Helping others in need is a worthwhile(值得的) matter.‎ ‎11.The audience(听众) was no less than five thousand.‎ ‎12.He drove the injured to the nearest hospital out of kindness(好意).‎ ‎13.In time of success we remain modest(谦虚的)，while in time of difficulty we keep strong－minded.‎ ‎14.She tried to sleep，but too many thoughts crowded__in(涌入脑海)on her.‎ ‎15.Always check behind the car before you move__off(起程).‎ ‎16.Mr. Garcia looks__down__upon/on(蔑视；瞧不起)anyone who doesn’t work hard.‎ ‎17.I came__across(遇见；碰见)this old photograph when looking for a book yesterday.‎ ‎18.You’ll have an accident if you carry__on(继续)driving like that.‎ ‎19.Devoted__to(专心于)his research work，the scientist has little time to spend with his family.‎ ‎20.Your notes are excellent materials to refer__to(查阅；参考)when you are studying for a test.‎ Ⅱ.词性转换 ‎1.Do you believe that there’s a connection(connect) between smoking and heart disease?‎ ‎2.I hold the firm belief that you are bound to achieve your dream of being admitted to a key university，which will give you a wonderful sense of achievement(achieve).‎ ‎3.I became inspired when I heard her inspiring speech. (inspire)‎ ‎4. He argued against smoking，and insisted that it was beyond argument that smoking was harmful to health. At last，he argued us out of smoking.(argue)‎ ‎5. It is considerate of you to take his illness into consideration.(consider)‎ ‎6.The rich man went abroad with the intention of trying his fortune，while the poor man intended to learn some skills of earning money.(intend)‎ ‎7.Much to my surprise，he behaved as if nothing had happened. In general，I was quite pleased with his behaviour.(behave)‎ ‎1.句型公式：while引导的时间状语从句 当消防队员正试图控制火势时，直升机飞临到着火的大楼上空。‎ While__the__firefighters__were__trying__to__control__the__fire ‎，helicopters flew to the burning building.‎ ‎2.句型公式：only引起的部分倒装 我们只有在着陆之后才看到飞机损坏的严重程度。‎ Only when we landed did__we__see__how__badly__the__plane__had__been damaged.‎ ‎3.句型公式：once引导的让步状语从句 一旦感情被伤害了，很难去恢复，不管你做出多少努力。‎ Once__feelings__are__hurt，it is difficult to recover，no matter how much effort you make.‎ ‎4.句型公式：It hit/hits sb that...‎ 我突然想到我把护照落在厨房的桌子上了。‎ Suddenly__it__hit__me__that I had left my passport on the table in the kitchen. ‎ ‎5.句型公式：强调句型 重要的并不是故事本身而是它所反映出来的东西。‎ It__is__not__the__story__itself__but__what__is__reflected__in__the__story__that counts.(2015·福建卷·书面表达)‎ ‎6.句型公式：形容词作状语 我回到了家，很疲劳但是很高兴。‎ We returned home，tired__but__happy .‎ 第一板块 重点单词 ‎1.behave vt.& vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/单句改错/微写作 ‎①If parents do not teach their child how to behave himself(him)，he will do anything at will.‎ ‎②I think all of us should mind our behavior(behave) in public places.(福建卷)‎ ‎③They behaved bad to the guests，which made us very disappointed.bad→badly ‎④最后，她不但赢得了他们的尊敬而且帮助他们变得表现良好、自信和体贴他人。(2015·广东卷)‎ Finally，she__not__only__earned__their__respect__but__also__helped__them grow__to__be__well－behaved，self－confident__and__considerate. ‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb　对待某人好/差 behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体 ‎(2)well－behaved adj. 表现好的 badly－behaved adj. 表现差的 ‎(3)behaviour n. 举止；行为 mind one’s behaviour 注意某人的举止 ‎2.observe vt.观察；观测；注意到；遵守；庆祝 高考必刷题练透 写出下列句中observe的含义/单句语法填空 ‎①It is a must for all of us to observe the rules and regulations.遵守 ‎②It is a tradition for the people here to observe the Spring Festival.庆祝 ‎③The scientist devoted most of his lifetime to observing the behavior of the chimps.观察 ‎④The thief was observed to open the window and run away.注意到 ‎⑤On the top of Mountain Tai，people excitedly observed the sun rising ‎ (rise) from the sea.‎ ‎⑥Last night Bruce was observed to__leave (leave) the building with two young men and take a taxi away.‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)observe sb do sth　观察某人做某事(全过程)‎ observe sb doing sth 观察某人正在做某事 observe that... 观察……‎ ‎(2)observe the traffic rules 遵守交通规则 observe Christmas 过圣诞节 ‎【点津】observe sb do sth在变成被动语态时，应添加省略的不定式符号“to”。‎ ‎3.respect vt.尊敬；尊重；敬意 n.细节；方面；敬意；问候 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/单句改错/微写作 ‎①He is such a great man that all of us show our respect for him.‎ ‎②Chinese children grow up with warnings not to waste single grain of rice，out of respect for farmers’ labor.‎ ‎③With respect to your other suggestions，I am not able to tell you our ‎ decision.‎ ‎④This suggestion differs from the last one in many respects(respect).‎ ‎⑤Please send my respect to your parents when you go home next time.‎ respect→respects ‎⑥I respect him his courage，which has helped him overcome so much difficulty.‎ respect后加for ‎⑦我可能会选择放弃，并且尊重大多数人的观点。(2015·浙江卷)‎ I_may_choose_to_give_it_up_and_respect_the_opinion_of_the_majority.‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)respect sb for sth　因某事而尊重某人 ‎(2)have/show respect for sb 尊重某人 give/send one’s respects to sb 向某人表示敬意 out of respect for... 出于对……的尊敬 ‎(3)in all/many respects 在各个方面/在许多方面 in respect of＝with respect to 关于；就……而言 ‎【点津】　多重身份的名词“respect”： ‎ ‎①表示“尊重；敬重”时为不可数名词；‎ ‎②表示“细节；方面”时为可数名词；‎ ‎③表示“敬意；问候”时，多用作复数形式。‎ ‎4.argue vi.& vt.讨论；争论；争辩；说服；用辩论证明 高考必刷题练透 ‎(1)语段填空 ‎①The workers，who argued for their own rights，argued with the boss for a few days，but failed to argue him into giving them a rise in wages because the boss argued against it and insisted that it was beyond argument that their pay had already been OK.‎ ‎(2)一句多译/微写作 ‎②最终我说服了他戒掉吸烟的坏习惯。‎ ‎②－1 I__argued__him__out__of__smoking__eventually.(argue)‎ ‎②－2 I__persuaded__him__out__of__smoking/to__give__up__smoking__eventually. (persuade)‎ ‎②－3 I__convinced__him__to__give__up__smoking__eventually.(convince)‎ ‎③我主张每个人都应该为保护环境做贡献。(2016·北京卷)‎ I__argue__that__everyone__(should)__make__contributions__to__protecting__the__‎ environment.‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)argue with sb on/about/over sth　与某人争辩某事 argue for/against sth 为支持/反对某事而辩论 argue that...(should) do sth 主张……‎ argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事 ‎(2)argument n. 争论；争辩；论点 beyond argument 无需争论 ‎【点津】　表示 “说服某人做某事”的其他表达形式还有：‎ ‎①persuade sb to do sth ‎②persuade sb into doing sth ‎③convince sb to do sth ‎④talk sb into doing sth ‎5.intend vt.计划；打算 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/单句改错/微写作 ‎①He has made up his mind to intend his son to__manage(manage) the company.‎ ‎②They intended to__have__gone (go)into the country，but the weather failed their plan.‎ ‎③The school being built is said to be intended for the disabled children.‎ ‎④This program was set up with an intention(intend)of helping the homeless.‎ ‎⑤I intended to catch the early bus，but I didn’t get up early.intended前加had ‎⑥The agreement，intended to helping homeless people，was signed last week.‎ helping→help ‎⑦我打算在学校组织一些活动来提高我们的英语水平。(天津卷)‎ I_intend_to_organize__some__activities__at__school__to__improve__our__English.‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)intend sb to do sth　　 打算让某人做某事 intend 打算做某事 本来打算做某事 ‎(2)be intended ‎(3)with an/the intention of... 抱有……的目的；打算……‎ 第二板块 核心短语 ‎1.refer to提及；谈到；参考；查阅；提交；把……称作……‎ 高考必刷题练透 ‎(1)写出下列句中refer to的含义 ‎①If you don’t know the exact meaning of the word，you may refer to the dictionary.查阅 ‎②When giving the lecture，he referred to his note from time to time.参考 ‎③We have reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again.提及 ‎(2)单句语法填空/微写作 ‎④You should refer this matter to our teacher for a decision.‎ ‎⑤The scientist referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.‎ ‎⑥The dictionaries can be used as reference(refer) books while the magazines serve as reading materials.(2015·天津卷)‎ ‎⑦当面对困难时，我常常选择参考相关学习资料或网页。‎ When__faced__with__a__difficulty，I__usually__choose__to__refer__to__relevant learning__materials__or__web__pages. ‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)refer to... as...　　把……称作……‎ refer... to... 把……提交给……‎ ‎(2)reference n. 提及；参考；查阅 in/with reference to 关于 ‎【联想】 “查字典”的多种表达：‎ ‎①refer to the dictionary ‎②look up a word in the dictionary ‎③consult the dictionary ‎2.carry on继续；保持；经营；进行；生意、谈话等 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/微写作 ‎①We carried on with our daily work not suspecting what was about to happen.‎ ‎②They took great trouble to help him; as a result，their efforts carried him through.‎ ‎③If you carry on working (work) like that，you will break down sooner or later.‎ ‎④如何养成习惯？第一步就是制订计划表，然后坚持去执行它。(四川卷)‎ How to develop the habit? The first step is to set__a__timetable__and stick__to__carrying__out__the__plan.‎ 状元笔记全记牢 carry on继续做某事 carry off 赢得；获得(奖品、荣誉等)‎ carry out 实行；执行；进行；履行(诺言、义务等)‎ carry through 帮……渡过(难关等)；维持；完成 第三板块 经典句式 Suddenly it__hit__me__how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.‎ 我突然想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么难。‎ 高考必刷题练透 单句改错/一句多译 ‎①It hit me the phone number I had told them was wrong.‎ me后加that ‎②It suddenly occurred him that he had left his keys in the office. occurred后加to ‎③我突然想到他们冤枉了她。‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)“It hit(s) me＋that从句”意思是“我突然想到……”，it在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。‎ ‎(2)表示“(某人)突然想到……”的结构还有：‎ ‎·It occurs/occurred to sb that...‎ ‎·It strikes/struck sb that...‎ Ⅰ.课文语法填空 Nobody before Jane fully understood chimps’ 1.behavior (behave).She spent years observing and 2.recording (record) their daily activities.3.Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment.However，this was not easy.When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960，it was 4.unusual (usual) for a woman to live in the forest.Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed 5.to__begin (begin) her project.Her work changed the way people think about chimps.For example，one important thing she discovered was 6.that chimps hunt and eat meat.Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts.She actually observed chimps as 7.a group hunting a monkey and then eating 8.it.She also discovered 9.how chimps communicate with each other，and her study of their body language helped her work 10.out their social system.‎ Ⅱ.课文短文改错 For forty years Jane Goodall had been outspoken about making the rest of a world understand and respect the life of these animals.She has argued that wild animals should left in the wild and not used for entertainment and advertisements.She has helped to set up special places where they can live in safely.She is leading a busy life but she says：“Once I stop，it all comes crowding in and I remembering the chimps in ‎ laboratories.It’s terribly.It affects me when I watch the wild chimp.I say to me，‘Aren’t they lucky？’And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done something wrong.Once you have seen that，you can never forget...‎ 答案 For forty years Jane Goodall been outspoken about making the rest of world understand and respect the life of these animals.She has argued that wild animals should left in the wild and not used for entertainment advertisements.She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely.She is leading a busy life but she says：“Once I stop，it all comes crowding in and I the chimps in laboratories.It’s .It affects me when I watch the wild .I say to ，‘Aren’t they lucky？’And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done wrong.Once you have seen that，you can never forget...‎ Ⅲ.单元要点微写作 请根据下面提示写一篇短文，介绍著名人物汉斯(Hans)。‎ ‎1.一生都奉献给了无家可归的儿童，赢得了所有人的尊重。‎ ‎2.曾被邀请在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表(deliver)演讲。‎ ‎3.名言：‎ ‎①照顾孩子是平凡的工作，但是你不要瞧不起平凡的工作。‎ ‎②一旦开始做一件事情，你就必须坚持下去，否则你将一事无成。只有当年老回首往事你能够说你已经全力以赴时，你才会对你的一生感到满足。‎ 注意：1.词数60左右；‎ ‎2.尽量使用本单元的知识点；‎ ‎3.可适当增加细节。‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Hans，a man of great achievements，has devoted all his life to homeless children.His behaviour has won respect of all.When asked to deliver a speech on the graduation in Harvard University，he said，“Caring for children is an ordinary job，but don’t look down upon ordinary jobs.”and he added，“Once you begin to do something，you must carry on with it，otherwise you will never achieve anything.Only when you are old looking back and saying that you have tried your best will you be content with your life.”‎ A The 15－year－old actor Reese Hartwig stars in this summer’s newest movie，Earth to Echo.Recently Jack and Jill interviewed this kid actor.‎ JJ：How did you get started in acting?‎ Reese：My family and I moved from Arizona to California because my dad worked for a company that provides cars for movies like Transformers.He was already in the business.When we came to California，I decided to give__acting__a__shot.‎ JJ：How was your first audition(试演)?‎ Reese：My brother Ryan and I auditioned in the same building and on his birthday.Our agent said，“Why don’t you each try out for both parts？”I ended up booking the part he went in for，and he booked mine.That’s how it started.‎ JJ：Is acting your dream job?‎ Reese：I’ve always wanted to be a plastic surgeon(整形外科医生)，but I will need money from acting to get through college and medical school.Acting has been really fun，but you need a backup plan just in case.‎ JJ：Tell us about your new movie，Earth to Echo.‎ Reese：The movie’s about three friends who live in a neighborhood that’s being torn down to build a freeway.Soon，the friends begin receiving strange messages on their cell phones.It turns out they find an alien，Echo，and try to help the alien and save the neighborhood.‎ JJ：How was this—your first big acting role—different from other projects you’ve done?‎ Reese：Very different.The movie was filmed as if we，the characters，were holding the cameras and filming the scenes.It was interesting shooting scenes with the alien，Echo，because you acted with an inanimate(无生命的)object，and then the technical staff developed the character on the computer.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是应用文。文章是Jack and Jill杂志对童星Reese的访谈。‎ ‎1.What does the underlined part “give acting a shot” mean?‎ A.Give up acting.‎ B.Think about acting.‎ C.Try to do some acting.‎ D.Choose acting as a lifelong career.‎ 答案　C　[词义猜测题。根据下文Reese描述他如何开始演艺之路以及他的理想工作是整形外科医生可知，受到父亲的影响，来到加州后的Reese想要尝试一下演戏。]‎ ‎2.The day Reese went to his first audition，________.‎ A.he came across Ryan B.it was his 15th birthday C.he got the part Ryan wanted D.he did some sightseeing in Arizona 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据文中的I ended up booking the part he went in for，and he booked mine可知，在第一次试演的那天，Reese得到他兄弟Ryan喜欢的角色。]‎ ‎3.What can we learn about Earth to Echo?‎ A.It is a science fiction film.‎ B.It was filmed by Reese’s friends.‎ C.It shows the importance of friendship.‎ D.It calls on people to protect the earth.‎ 答案　A　[推理判断题。根据Reese对新电影Earth to Echo的介绍receiving strange messages...find an alien...help the ‎ alien可推测，这是一部科幻片。]‎ B ‎ “When I was a child，space was all I dreamt and talked about.My parents thought it was just a phase(阶段)，but as I grew up I became greatly interested in science.I never doubted that one day I’d be an astronaut(宇航员).”As an adult，Anousheh Ansari left her home country Iran，settled in the USA and started a company.The company was so successful that she was finally able to sell it for $750 million.“The first thing that crossed my mind was that my life’s goal might now be within reach and I signed up to become the first female(女性的)private space explorer at a cost of around $20 million.”‎ Anousheh set off on september 18th along with two astronauts.On the space station，each member of a space crew(全体机组人员)，tourist or not，is expected to carry out important experiments on board.For Anousheh，this means working on lower back pains in astronauts and studying tiny life forms that can carry diseases on board the station.Many people might have considered this“working holiday” bad，but Anousheh ‎ loved it.‎ Anousheh faced many difficulties on board.To wash her hair，for example，she had to put water over her head；however，little bits of water would float(漂浮)away.“The guys liked to make fun of me.They’d ask me to pass the bread and when I handed it to them，rather than floating it，they’d say I’d taken all the fun out of it.After a while，I got used to all this，though，and I felt so at home that in the end it was hard to go back to normality.”‎ Anousheh is proud to be the first female space tourist and wants to encourage women all over the world.However，she doesn’t like the title “space tourist”.“I think if my experience is to be compared to an experiment or an experience on Earth，it is probably closer to an adventure to Antarectica or climbing Mount Everest，”she explains.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了首位太空女游客阿努什·安萨里的相关故事。‎ ‎4.As Anousheh was growing up，________.‎ A.she didn’t think she would ever become an astronaut B.her interest in space wasn’t expected to last C.she disagreed with her parents’ plans D.others tried to discourage her dreams 答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的When I was a child，space was all I dreamt and talked about.My parents thought it was just a phase，but as I grew up I became greatly interested in science可推断，Anousheh对于太空的热爱在父母看来只是一时头脑发热，不会持续太长时间。]‎ ‎5.The space crew members ________.‎ A.often carry diseases onto the space station B.can suffer aches and pains C.must have a strong background in science D.have little time to relax 答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的working on lower back pains in astronauts可知，太空机组成员可能遭受疼痛之苦。]‎ ‎6.On the space station，________.‎ A.Anousheh did a lot of practice on bread B.it seemed impossible for Anousheh to wash with water C.Anousheh liked playing games with the other astronauts D.it took Anousheh some time to get familiar with the conditions 答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的After a while，I got used to ‎ all this，though，and I felt so at home that in the end it was hard to go back to normality可知，Anousheh在太空站慢慢适应了那里的环境。]‎ ‎7.In Anousheh’s opinion，her experience as a space tourist ________.‎ A.will give other women the courage to explore space B.cannot be compared to any experience on Earth C.turned out to be a dangerous experiment D.was not as good as she hoped 答案　A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Anousheh is proud to be the first female space tourist and wants to encourage women all over the world.可知，Anousheh想借自己的太空旅行鼓励更多的女性去太空探索。]‎ C Most people are born with two sets of teeth. They use baby teeth to eat as children. As they become adults，the baby teeth are replaced with permanent teeth. By the age of 65，30 percent of people worldwide have lost all their teeth. As a result，it is not convenient for them to eat and drink in daily life.‎ However，things are quite different to the bony fish，such as cichlids ‎ (慈鲷).Whenever they lose a tooth，they will have a new one in the place. As is known to us，cichlids are a popular tropical fish which can regenerate their dentition (齿系).They keep their teeth throughout their entire life. If a tooth should fall out，another one takes its place.‎ Todd Streelman is working with cichlids to find out which genes help them keep their teeth. He and his team found that a mouthful of teeth were replaced every 50 days. What the researchers found really amazing was that there were some connections between teeth and taste buds (味蕾). Unlike humans，fish have no tongues in the mouth，so their taste buds are mixed with their teeth at the earliest stage of development.‎ Teeth and taste buds are in the same kind of tissue around the mouth of fish. Once the fish developed eyes and a brain，the researchers engineered the undifferentiated tissue in fish to increase the production of teeth，but cut back on taste buds. This was done at an early stage，during which the fish were still forming jaws (口部).‎ Researchers at Kings College，London，showed that a few genes in mice were also involved in the development of both teeth and taste buds. These genes identified in fish are also active in the earliest development of teeth on the jaw margin (边缘) and taste buds on the tongue of mice. Professor Streelman says the studies in fish and mice suggest that with the right signals，the tissue in humans might also be able ‎ to develop new teeth as needed.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文为说明文。人一生中有两副牙齿，小时候用乳牙吃东西，长大后，乳牙会逐渐被恒牙所取代。但是，恒牙一旦脱落，将无法再生。研究发现，一些硬骨鱼身上的基因可使牙齿再生。‎ ‎8.What do we know about people’s teeth?‎ A.Permanent teeth will never drop out.‎ B.Some people have to live without teeth.‎ C.Baby teeth can be used for up to 65 years.‎ D.People use two sets of teeth at the same time.‎ 答案　B　[推理判断题。根据文中第一段可知，全世界有百分之三十的人到65岁时，牙齿都掉光了。因此，他们在日常生活中吃喝都很不方便。由此可推知，有的人不得不过着没有牙齿的生活。]‎ ‎9.What can we learn from cichlids?‎ A.They are the only kind of bony fish.‎ B.Their teeth are too strong to lose.‎ C.They can regrow their lost teeth.‎ D.They belong to the fresh－water fish.‎ 答案　C　[推理判断题。根据文中第二段尤其是关键句“Whenever ‎ they lose a tooth...which can regenerate their dentition (齿系).”可知，硬骨鱼如果掉了牙齿，就会长出一颗新牙。例如慈鲷，这种流行的热带鱼可以使牙系再生，它们一生都有牙齿。由此可推知，慈鲷可以重新长出失去的牙齿。]‎ ‎10.The researchers were surprised to find that ________.‎ A.cichlids are a kind of fish with the tongue B.it took cichlids 50 days to create a new tooth C.cichlids have common genes to keep its teeth D.teeth and taste buds would begin in the same place 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据文中第三段中的“What the researchers found really amazing...at the earliest stage of development.”可知，真正令研究人员吃惊的是，他们发现慈鲷的牙齿和味蕾存在联系。鱼嘴里没有舌头，所以，在最初发展阶段，它们的味蕾和牙齿是混在一起长的。]‎ ‎11.What can we conclude from the study?‎ A.Mice and fish may share some similar genes.‎ B.Streelman was the first to study genes in mice.‎ C.Genes to fish and mice can be used for humans.‎ D.It’s impossible for people to produce additional teeth.‎ 答案　A　[推理判断题。根据文中最后一段可知，伦敦国王学院的研究人员发现，老鼠身上的一些基因与牙齿和味蕾发育都有关。鱼身上一些基因在老鼠牙齿的颚缘和舌头上的味蕾发育初始阶段也很活跃。由此可推知，老鼠和鱼可能有一些相似的基因。]‎