高考英语科普阅读的方法与实例

高考英语科普阅读的方法与实例

高考英语科普阅读的方法与实例 一、考点描述科普类文章是高考英语的常考题材，每年高考都有所涉及，如2005年的江苏卷在五篇阅读文章中就有两篇是关于科普文章的阅读。因此，同学们在平时的学习中一定要对此引起高度的重视。 　　 二、材料特点这类文章的总体特点是：科技词汇多，句子结构复杂，理论性强，逻辑严谨。具体说来它有以下几个特点：1. 文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常不会出现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法，一词多义的现象也不多见。2. 句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。3. 常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。 　　 三、命题特点科普类阅读的主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨概括题等，其中推理判断题居多。 　　 四、应对策略1. 要想做好科普英语阅读理解题，同学们就要注意平时多读科普知识类文章，学习科普知识，积累常见的科普词汇，从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力。2. 要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题(Headlines)，导语(Introductions)，背景( Background)，主体(Main body)和结尾(Ends)五部分构成。标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，但根据历年的高考真题情况来看，这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题，而要同学们选择标题。导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述。这一部分命题往往最多，因此，阅读时，同学们要把这部分作为重点。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。3. 在进行推理判断时，同学们一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据，同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识。 　　 五、真题赏析江苏卷Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines(刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal’ 　　毛虫多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液). A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.68. The holly plant has more spines on the lower leaves because most animals________.A. are not tall enough      B. like the lower leaves onlyC. are not clever enough    D. can get the lower leaves easily69. To defend themselves, oak trees use________.A. chemoak treesical means        B. physical meansC. bitter chemicals        D. sandy materials70. How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar?A. Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means.B. Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.C. Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.D. Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.71. What would be the best title for this passage?A. Plants and Animals       B. How Plants Defend ThemselvesC. Attacks and Defenses      D. How Animals Eat Plant Leaves 【答案与解析】本文主要介绍一些植物是如何通过物理和化学的方式保护自己不受外界侵害的。68. D。事: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">2段最后一句…the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach可知答案。69. B。推理判断题。根据第3段中的…oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat可推知，又厚又硬的树叶属于植物自我保护的物理手段。70. C。推理判断题。根据第四段可知，tobacco保护自己不受毛虫侵害的办法是产生更多的nicotine。71. B。主旨概括题。因为整篇文章都在讲植物是怎样保护他们自己的，故选B。 　　 六、模拟训练 AWalk through the Amazon rainforest today and you will find it is steamy, warm, damp and thick. But if you had been around 15, 000 years ago, during the last ice age, would it have been the same? For more than 30 years, scientists have been arguing about how rainforests like the Amazon might have reacted (反应) to the cold, dry cli?mates of the ice ages, but until now, no one has reached a satisfying answer.Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmos?phere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year: equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year. But how will the Amazon react to future climate change? If it gets drier, will it still survive and continue to draw down CO2? Scientists hope that they will be able to learn in advance how the rainforest will manage in the future by understanding how rainforests reacted to climate change in the past.Unfortunately, getting into the Amazon rainforest and collecting information are very difficult. To study past climate, scientists need to look at fossilized pollen, kept in lake muds. Going back to the last ice age means drilling deep down into lake sediments(沉淀物) which requires specialized equipment and heavy machinery. There are very few roads and paths, or places to land helicopters and aero planes. Rivers tend to the easiest way to enter the forest, but this still leaves vast areas between the rivers com?pletely unsampled (未取样). So far, only a handful of cores have been drilled that go back to the last ice age and none of them provide enough information to prove how the Amazon rainforest reacts to climate change. 1. The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph means “______”. A. cleaning up    B. taking in    C. wiping out  D. giving ‎ out 2. How will the Amazon rainforest react to future climate change? A. It’ll get drier and continue to remove CO2.B. It’ll remain steamy, warm, damp and thick. C. It’ll get warmer and then colder and drier.D. There is no exact answer up to present. 3. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A. It’s important to drill deep down into lake sediments to collect information. B. It’s impossible to prove how climate changes in the Amazon rainforest. C. It’s hard to collect information for studies of the past climate in the Amazon rainforest. D. It’s necessary to have specialized equipment and machinery to study the past cli?mate. 4. The best title for this passage may probably be _____. A. Studies of the Amazon           B. Climates of the Amazon C. Secrets of the Rainforests       D. Changes of the Rainforests 【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了热带雨林对气候的影响。1.B。词义猜测题。根据第二段中的 helping to slow global warming，同时结合化学知识可推知 mopping up 的意思是“吸入”mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。另外，文章中的…currently the trees in Amazon take in around 500 million tones of CO2 each year 也暗示 mop up 和 take in 的意思相同。2. D。事实细节题。根据文章第2段的内容(尤其是最后一句话)尤其是最后一句话可推知此题最佳答案为D。3. C。主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段中的So far, only a handful of cores have been drilled 可知，资料收集不是很容易。4. C。主旨大意题。文章主要讲的是亚马孙热带雨林难以预料的变化，所以选C为佳。为佳。 　　 (融化的) snow and gathering clouds may be signs of global warming. The average temperature on Earth for last year was the second warmest since written records began 140 years ago.The global average surface temperature in 2001 was 14.42 degrees centigrade, the World Meteorological Organization said. The record, set in 1998, was 14.58 degrees centigrade. “Temperatures are getting hotter, and they are getting hotter faster now than at any time in the past, ” said Michel Jarraud, a WMO official. Carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) produced from burning fuels is the most common of the so-called greenhouse gases. The growing concentration(集中) in the atmosphere of these gases is thought to be warming the Earth. “Most of the causes of global warming are due to human action, ” said Ken Davidson, director of WMO’s climate programme department.Every year, large amounts of gases produced by factories, cars and burning trees hold in too much heat and cause global warming. Many scientists believe the warming, if not stopped, will cause extreme climate changes this century. MILY: 'Times NThroughout the world, the spreading of particular diseases and other threats(威胁) to human health depend largely on local ‎ climates. Extreme temperatures can directly cause loss of life. Warm temperatures can increase air and water pollution, which in turn can harm human health. In the Earth’s atmosphere there are tiny amounts of gases called greenhouse gases. These gases hold in the heat that comes up from the sun-warmed Earth. As cities have increased in size and population, factories and industries in the world have grown. People need more and more electricity, cars and other things. So more greenhouse gases have been added to the atmosphere. This causes more heat to be trapped than in the past. This is called the greenhouse effect. 1. The subject discussed in the passage is _______. A. the growing population of the worldB. the global average surface temperature C. the increasing greenhouse effect D. the causes of air and water pollution 2. According to a WMO official, it is ________ that should be blamed for global warming. A. modern factories impressive            B. mankind C. carbon dioxide                               D. burning fuels 3. The rising of the earth temperature will finally result in _______. A. the spreading of particular diseases  B. air and water pollution C. extreme climate changes                 D. loss of life 4. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Air and water pollution is caused by global warming. B. Greenhouse gases do no good to human beings C. With the air getting hotter, people need more and more electricity, cars and other things. D. The average temperature on Earth for 1998 was the warmest according to written records 【答案与解析】本文向我们介绍了由于环境污染而引起的全球变暖的现象。1. C。主旨大意题。本文讨论的是全球变暖的现象，而造成这种现象的原因是温室效应，文章在最后也对温室效应做了解释，故答案为C。2. B。事实细节题。根据第四段中的 most of the causes of global warming are due to human action, said Ken Davidson, director of WMO’s climate programme department可知答案为B。3. D。事实细节题。根据第六段中的 Extreme temperatures can directly cause loss of life可知此题的最佳答案为D。。4. D。事实细节题。根据第二段中的 The record, set in 1998, was 14.58 degrees centigrade可知答案D正确 阅读理解做题技巧·人物故事类 一、材料特点人物故事类阅读理解文章是高考英语常考材料之一。这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类。人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。因此，阅读这类文章应该抓住时间线索来获取有关信息，即主人翁在某个时间做过什么，然后通过分析推理、综合归纳的方法进行解题。 　　 短篇故事与人物传记不同的是，这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件的之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读这类材料时，同学们一定要根据主要情节掌握文章主旨大意，同时抓住每一个细节，设身处地根据文章内容揣摩作者的态度和意图，根据情节展开想象，即使是碰到深层理解题也可迎刃而解。 　　 这两类阅读材料一般较长，即词数多，而且命题也较多，特别是推理判断题和事实细节题多。同学们在做此类阅读理解题时往往是材料看得懂，题目不好做的感觉。因此，同学们在阅读材料时要重点放在事情发展的过程和结果上，注意把握事件的发展进程及人物之间的关系，细节与主题的关系，用以说明人物性格特点的事实、作者的态度等，这些内容往往是推理判断题的命题点。掌握了这些内容，同学们在做推理判断题时就不会以个人思维想象代替根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断，也只有这样才不会以偏概全。至于事实细节题的解答，同学们切忌想当然或者凭印象，一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择。 二、真题（选自2005广东卷） We have two daughters: Kristen is seven years old and Kelly is four. Last Sunday evening, we invited some people home for dinner. I dressed them nicely for the party, and told them that their job was to join Mommy in answering the door when the bell rang. Mommy would introduce them to the guests, and then they would take the guests’ coats upstairs and put them on the bed in the ‎ second bedroom.The guests arrived. I introduced my two daughters to each of them. The adults were nice and kind and said how lucky we were to have such good kids.Each of the guests made a particular fuss over Kelly, the younger one, admiring her dress, her hair and her smile. They said she was a remarkable girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age. I thought to myself that we adults usually make a big “to do” over the younger one because she’s the one who seems more easily hurt. We do it with the best of intentions.But we seldom think of how it might affect the other child. I was a little worried that Kristen would feel she was being outshined. I was about to serve dinner when I realized that she had been missing for twenty minutes. I ran upstairs and found her in the bedroom, crying.I said, “What are you doing, my dear?”She turned to me with a sad expression and said, “Mommy, why don’t people like me the way they like my sister? Is it because I’m not pretty? Is that why they don’t say le: exactnice things about me as much?”I tried to explain to her, kissing and hugging her to make her feel better.Now, whenever I visit a friend’s home, I make it a point to speak to the elder child first. 1. The underlined expression “make a big ‘to do’ over”(paragraph 4) means ______.   A. show much concern about         B. have a special effect on   C. list jobs to be done for       &-line-nbsp;       D. do good things for 2. The guests praised Kelly for carrying coats upstairs because of her ______.   A. beautiful hair                            B. pretty clothes   C. lovely smile                              D. young age 3. Kristen felt sad and cried because ______.   A. the guest gave her more coats to carry   B. she didn’t look as pretty as ‎ Kelly   C. the guests praised her sister more than her   D. her mother didn’ 　　 【答案与解析】文章主要讲的是在一次聚会上作者的两个女儿Kelly和Kristen的故事。选A。通读全文，根据文章整体内容以及当时聚会上人们对待两个孩子的不同态度，可以推出此题最佳答案为A。2. 选D。根据文章第D3段中的 They said she was a remarkable girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age 可推知此题最佳答案为D。3. 选C。根据文章倒数第 3 段中的 why don’t people like me the way they like my sister 可知此题最佳答案为 4. 选D。比较所给的四个选项，再结合文章中所发生的故事，用排除法可知选项D最佳。  三、全真模拟 Dorothea Shaw is 71 years old and nearly blind, and she chose to live alone far away from people. She lives in Belize—a country the size of Wales with a population only that of Swansea. Her home is at Gales Point, a tiny village which can be reached only by sea or air: after a 10-mile walk into the hills one finally reaches a piece of land and two small houses so hidden in the thick over-grown forest that only a handful of people know Dorothea is there. She lives happily and totally alone growing her vegetables, looking after her trees and dogs, cats and chickens. Once a month or so an old friend passed by with her food supplies and letters—usually including a letter from her sister in Scunthorpe and some bits of clothing from friends in Canada. Sometimes a local man will come and cut wood for her and a group of British soldiers will come across her and be greeted with the offer of a cup of coffee. At night she lies in her tiny sleeping room with the dogs on the floor, the cats on the table near the typewriter and one of the hens settled down in a corner of the bookshelf, and listens for hours to any Spanish, English, German or French broadcasts she can find on her radio. Sometimes she gets lonely but most of the time the animals and the radio are company enough. But recently the very things she had tried to get free from so ‎ well have begun to catch up with her. The peace of the forest has been destroyed by the noise of earth moving machines not many miles away. What she once only heard of distantly on the radio is now on her doorstep. Things began to change 3 years ago. The new main north-south road in Belize was cut through the forest only four or five miles away. “Now more and more people know I’m here, ” she says, “I feel more and more uneasy each day.” 1. This passage mainly tells us _______. A. how Dorothea lives alone in a lonely place B. why Dorothea lives in such a lonely place C. what kind of place Dorothea lives in D. what kind of person Dorothea is 2. Dorothea spends a lot of her time _______. A. growing vegetables                  B. raising chickens C. talking with the soldiers           D. listening to the radio 3. We can infer that Dorothea lives a _______ life. A. wealthy and happy                  B. simple and easy C. hard but happy                       D. wealthy but uneasy 4. What makes Dorothea feel more and more uneasy? A. She is becoming older and older. B. Something is wrong with her eyes. C. The peace of the forest has been destroyed. D. Her living supplies are getting shorter and shorter.‎ ‎ 【答案与解析】本文主要讲述一位老人在一偏僻的地方过着清静的生活，但最近这里将修建一条新路，老人因此感到不安。1.选A。通读全文可知，文章主要讲的是这位老人如何一个人过着安静清闲的生活，因此最佳答案为A。通读全文可知，文章主要讲的是这位老人如何一个人过着安静清闲的生活，因此最佳答案为。2. 选D。根据第3段最后一句话 Sometimes she gets lonely but most of the time the animals and the radio are company enough可知答案为D。3. 选B。根据文章最后一句话…she says “I feel more and more uneasy each day.” 可知她原来的生活是简单而快乐的，所以答案选B。4. 选C。根据 The new main north-south road in Belize was cut through the forest only four or five miles away. “Now more and more people know I’m here, ” she says, “I feel more and more uneasy each day.” 可知这与ur or five miles away. “Now more and more people know I’m here,她原来的生活完全不同，即平静的生活被打乱了，故答案选C。‎ ‎1. 事实细节题。‎ 这类题主要考查考生对英语文章事实细节的掌握情况。它又分为两种情况：一是词语细节类，其答案几乎可以直接从原文中找出来，考生只要根据题干中的关键词与原文进行对照，就能找到答案；二是隐含细节类，这类题虽然不能直接从原文中的找到对应的词或短语，但考生可以根据文章的隐含意义，如原因、前提或结果等仔细推敲出答案来。‎ 细节类试题的提问方式很多而且灵活，提问的对象涉及短文中的时间、距离、数量或原因、结果、方式等具体的细节，有的需要先进行计算才能得出答案，有的先要找出文章的相应部分才能得出答案，也有的要把文章中所有的相关细节全部找出来才能得出答案。‎ 常用的提问句型有：‎ What does the author say in…? According to the passage, where / when / why / how / who…? What is the reason for…? Which of the following is (NOT) true? Which of the following is (NOT) mentioned? The writer mentioned all of the following EXCEPT…‎ ‎2. 推理判断题。‎ 这类题不仅考查考生对文章中某些句子字面意思的理解，而且还考查对句子间逻辑关系的理解、对事物发展结果的推导。这方面的出题多、难度大，考生可得小心。其提问的常用方式有：‎ What can be inferred / concluded from…? What do you think…‎ ‎3.词义猜测题和语义理解题。‎ 这类题主要考查考生对英语文章中生词的解释意义、代词的指代意义及短语或句子的含义。其常见的提问方式有：‎ What does the word / phrase in Paragraph…mean? Which of the following can replace the word / phrase “…” in Paragraph…“…” is…‎ ‎4. 主旨大意题。‎ 这类题主要考查考生对文章中心思想、段落大意的归纳、总结及概括能力。其提问的方式常有：‎ The title of this passage should be… Which this passage should be… What is the main idea of this passage? What does the writer mainly tell us in this passage?‎ ‎5.  观点态度题。‎ 这类题主要考查考生对作者在文章中所表露出来的观点、感情、态度、目的、意图的理解。考生要能够从文章的用词、语气或对某个细节的陈述来推断作者的态度、观点等。其提问的常见方式有：‎ What is the opinion of the writer in this passage? What is the writer’s attitude towards…? What does the writer think…? What is the purpose of the writer in this passage? ‎ 高考英语阅读理解长难句的处理技巧  一个英语句子之所以难以理解，有许多原因，其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。句子过长或者复杂无非是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分，如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。这些附属成分常有逗号或分隔符号与句子隔开，且插在一个句子中间，使本来完整的句子被断开，因而增加句意理解的难度。分析长难度的基本方法是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子附属成分。下面我们来谈谈几种长难句的处理技巧。下面我们来谈谈几种长难句的处理技巧。‎ 一、处理长难句的原则方法如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的单句，可这样处理：跳读修饰成分，迅速找出主谓结构。这样一来，我们便可以将长句化为短句，将难句化为易句。具体步骤是：先跳读修饰成分或附加成分，找出句子的主干并理解其意义；然后再分段理解修饰成分或附加成分。如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的并列句，可这样处理：先找出其中的并列连词，然后再根据并列连词的意思理清句子前后是顺连关系还是反连关系，是因果关系还是转折关系等，最后再根据不同的语境关系正确理解句意。如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句，可这样处理：先分清主句与从句，然后弄清从句的性质，即弄清它是什么从句——果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句，可这样处理：先分清主句与从句，然后弄清名词性从句，还是状语从句，或是定语从句。注意，弄清从句性质对于理解复合句的意思至关重要。另外，有一点要提醒同学们，在处理长难句时，如果既能正确理解句意，又能将其准确地译成中文，那是最好了。但是，对于有些长难句，要在较短时间内（如在参加考试时）将其译成中文比较困难，此时只要能正确理解其意思就行了，如果硬要勉为其难地译成中文，不仅会浪费时间，而且在许多情况也没有必要。 二、经典高考真题实例分析下面这篇文章共有194个单词，却只有9个句子，平均每个句子大约有22个单词，是近几年高考英语阅读理解中一篇比较典型的集中含有长难句的文章。 ‎ a 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor St. Helena, and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海军上将) of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.Coming in a close second——and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant island——is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbour, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利领土). They share one street, a small airport and a few hours of television per day. ‎ ‎ 【解题分析】1. 跳读插入语：请看文章第一段的第一句。第一步跳过插入语找出句子主干：Tristan da Cunha is the farthest inhabited island in the world (Tristan da Cunha 是世界上无人居住的最偏僻的岛屿）；第二步理解附加的插入语部分：a 38-square-mile island（该岛面积为38平方英里，而且这是吉尼斯记录之一），这样该句话的意思就弄明白了。2. 跳读非谓语动词短语：我们来看第一段第三句。首先跳过前面的非谓语动词短语，找出主干：the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred (该岛是英国领土，人口大约几千)。然后再来理解前面的非谓语动词短语：Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810（这个岛屿是在1506年被一个名叫Tristan da Cunha的葡萄牙海军上将发现的，Tristan da ‎ Cunha1810年开始有人居住）。通过这样分解难度，我们读得轻松，理解得准确。3. 跳读分隔现象：请看文章第二段，这一段有35个单词，却只有一句话。因为该段既包括了分隔现象，又包含了定语从句，又有一个同位语，而且该句还是一个倒装句。如果从前到后按照顺序来理解，未免有点繁杂，抓不住重点。所以首先要跳过两个分隔符号之间的内容，同时也要暂时搁置后面的非限制性定语从句，找出主干并把主干重新倒置过来变成正常语序：Easter Island is coming in a close second（Easter Island is coming in a close secondEaster Island是紧跟第二的最偏僻的岛屿）；然后再理解分隔符号之间的内容和后面的定语从句等附加成分：Easter Island 常常被误认为是最偏僻的岛屿，它在最临近的岛屿(Pitcairn Island)东面1,260英里，在南美西面2,300英里。4. 跳读定语从句：定语从句在阅读理解中是很常见的，有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句用来限定所修饰的词，与之关系非常密切，阅读时要特别注意两者的密切联系，跳过限制性定语从句找到主句后要马上回头理解它的含义，确定它与先行词的修饰关系。如文章第三段的第一个句子里就有一个限制性定语从句：who were lost at sea. 阅读时一定要注意它与people的密切联系：不是别人而是在大海里迷路的人五世纪左右在那里定居。而非限制性定语从句与所修饰的词关系不是很密切，主要起补充说明作用，它可能出现在主句中间，也可能出现在句尾。如果它出现在句中，阅读时可以跳过去然后再来理解，也可以一起顺便读过去。如果非限制性定语从句出现在句尾，那阅读时很方便，看完主句后附带着看一下就可以了，因为它只是对先行词的补充说明。如这一段的最后一句：for which the island is most famous. 看完主句我们得知该岛与外界隔绝了一千多年，使得岛上的人们有充足的时间来修建一千多具巨大的石雕。然后再附带得知该岛以这些石雕而闻名。 三、针对性训练题以下段落均选自近几年的高考英语阅读理解文章，均有一定难度，请你用以上方法试一试：1. Decision thinking is not unlike poker — it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think. （NMET2000. C 篇））2. Dad, in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run, had forgotten to wear his safety belt—a mistake 75% of the US population make every day.（NMET1999. D篇）3. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, ‎ including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab poly technique.（NMET2003.C篇）4. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.（NMET2003.E篇）5. Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.（NMET2001. E篇） ‎ ‎ ‎