高考英语专题—书面表达一

高考英语专题—书面表达一

2011 年高考英语专题—书面表达(一) --情景作文、开放作文高分技巧学案 第一部分 情景作文 一、03—09 年北京高考情景作文回顾 请在你认为合适的选项下划勾。 年/文体 记叙文 说明文 议论文 应用文 03 年 04 年 05 年 06 年 07 年 08 年 09 年 2010 年？ 二、情景作文写作个人能力预测 记叙文写作： 请根据下列图片，讲述上周班主任（form teacher）生病期间你班同学的表现，并简单谈谈你 的感想。 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 三、记叙文概括 记叙文中的叙事作文是对某一事件或一系列事件的发生、发展、结束情况所做的文字表 达。基本上这类题材的书面表达是看图作文。对于看图作文须仔细观察几幅图画，弄清 故事的开头和结尾，理清事件的发展过程（关联词、时间状语的恰当使用），确定好表达 要点，适当增加细节。 高分记叙文应包含以下要点： Organization（条理性） 在文章思路、组织材料、叙述顺序等方面有条理，各段之间层次分明。 Accuracy（准确性） 能写出语法正确的句子，包括时态、语态、用词和句法等，表达准确、地道。 Fluency（流畅性） 根据整篇文章思想的需要，有效采用不同的连接手段，使文章层次清楚、行文连贯。 Variety（多样性） 能随情景内容的变化写出多样的词汇句式。（见文章划线部分） Readers-friendliness（思想性） 在准确流畅表达写作要点的同时，适当增加句子的感情色彩，增加了一些人情味，使 文章读起来更亲切，完全达到与读者进行交流的目的。 Neat handwriting（美观性） 卷面书写规范、清楚、干净、整洁。 叙事作文写作步骤： 1 审中文信息，定人称和时态 2 看图，定要点和细节 看四（六）幅图的要点和细节分别是什么 图 1 图 2 图 3 图 4 图 5 图 6 要点 细节 3 文章润色 一润句式：从句，非谓语，特殊句式等 二润词汇：使用准确，较高级的单词和词组，丰富表达 三润过渡关联：恰当的连接词和过渡句 4 文章写作中应避免出现的问题: （1）Irrelevant details（无关细节）（2）Direct quotes（使用直接引语） （3）Redundant information（冗赘信息）（4）Cliché ending（陈词滥调的结尾） 四、叙事类话题作文常用词汇、句式 （1）校园生活 ·to get on well with sb. /sth. 与某人相处的好、某事进展顺利 ·to take several courses 上几门课 ·to work hard at … 在…方面努力 ·to concentrate on… 专注于 ·to be into / to be keen on … 热衷于，非常喜爱 ·to be good at / to do well in … 擅长 ·to be poor at / be weak in … 在…方面差 ·to make progress in …在…方面取得进步 ·to fail /pass the examination （没有）通过考试 ·to succeed / to be successful in… 取得成功 ·to hear from sb. 收到某人来信 ·to apologize to sb. for…因为…向某人道歉 ·to explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释 ·to be active in…在…方面积极 ·to take an active part in … 积极参与·to learn… by heart 记住，背下来 ·to bear ... in mind 牢记在心 ·to work out a problem 解出一道题 ·to lay a good foundation in…在…方面打下基础 ·to win the first prize / get the first place in the competition 在比赛中得一等奖 ·to use reference books 使用参考书 ·to consult/refer to the dictionary 查字典 ·to have a good command of English 英文很好 ·to have a wide range of knowledge 有广泛的知识 ·to have a talent for 有…才能 ·to be skilled in 在…方面熟练 ·to be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 ·to praise sb for sth … 因为…表扬某人 ·to blame sb for sth. / to blame sth. on sb. 因为…责备某人 ·to give advice on … 就…提出建议 ·to devote one’s time to … 在…上花时间 ·to turn a deaf ear to 对… 充耳不闻 ·to serve the purpose of… 起到…作用 ·to have difficulty / trouble doing 做…有困难 ·to be prepared for / to do 准备好 ·to set about doing / set out to do 开始着手做… （2）业余生活 ·go for an outing / a picnic 去郊游/野餐 ·go sightseeing 观光 ·to appreciate the scenery of nature 欣赏大自然的风景 ·to keep healthy / fit 保持健康 ·to relax oneself 放松身心 ·to strengthen/build up the body 锻炼身体 ·to lack recreations 缺乏休闲活动 ·to cut a corner 走捷径 ·to meet the demand / need 符合需要 ·to break the ice 打破沉默 ·to take measures/action 采取措施（行动） ·to develop / get into the habit of… 养成…习惯 ·to raise the standard of living 提升生活水平 ·to have a deep understanding of 有很深的了解 ·to follow the fashion/trend 跟随潮流 ·to have a chat with 聊天 ·to have a great influence on 有很大的影响 ·to make a deep impression on 予人很深的印象 ·to make a fool of sb. 愚弄 ·to make an excuse 找借口 ·to get into trouble 陷入困境 ·to help sb out 帮某人摆脱困境 ·to do some good deeds 做好事 ·to offer help 提供帮助 ·to insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事 ·to regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事 ·to keep / prevent / stop sb from doing ·to give one a lift 给人搭便车 ·to kill time 消磨时间 ·to lose track of time 忘了时间 ·to keep in / to lose touch with 保持/失去联络 ·to be caught / to get stuck in a traffic jam 遇到交通阻塞 ·to take the place of 取代 ·to spare no effort to do 不遗余力 ·to take the pains to do 不辞辛劳 ·to live in harmony 生活和谐 ·to take regular exercise 有规律的运动 ·to have proper diet 合理的饮食 ·to have a sleepless night 彻夜未眠 （3）环境 ·to protect the environment 保护环境 ·to be environmentally friendly 环保的 ·to litter / to scatter garbage 乱丢垃圾 ·to beautify the environment 美化环境 ·to improve the qualities of life 提升生活质量 ·to do damage to 造成损害 ·to benefit / to be beneficial to… 对…有益 ·to be harmful to / to do harm to 对…有害 ·to park the car at random 任意停车 ·to occupy the sidewalk 占用人行道 ·to cause inconvenience 造成不便 ·to bring about the disorder 造成混乱 ·to have sustainable development 可持续发展 ·to raise people’s environmental awareness 提高人们的环保意识 （4）感观与思维活动 ·to catch sight of … 看见 ·to see / hear sb do (doing) 看到 / 听到某人（正在）做… ·to take notice of … 注意到 ·to take…into consideration / account 考虑到 ·to have a good understanding of … 对…很了解 ·to consider / regard … to be … 认为 ·to come to know…开始了解到 ·to realize that … 意识到 ·to be filled with joy 充满喜悦 ·be tired of 厌烦 ·to be delighted / to take delight / to take a pleasure in doing… 以…为乐 ·to be worried / upset / concerned about…对…担忧 ·to feel excited about…对…感到兴奋 ·to feel surprised /shocked / astonished at …对…感到吃惊/震惊 ·to be sorry / regretful for …对…感到遗憾 ·be pleased / satisfied / content with …对…感到满意 ·to look forward to doing… / to long for… 期待… ·to be eager to do / to have a strong desire to do …渴望做… ·to make up one’s mind / to be determined to do … 决定做… ·to shed tears 流泪 ·to ease the sorrow 缓和悲伤 ·to feel refreshed 精神抖擞 ·to relieve the tension and anxiety 解除紧张和焦虑 ·to be energetic 精力充沛的 ·to be bored 感到无聊 ·to be encouraged / inspired 感到振奋、受到鼓舞 ·to be discouraged / frustrated 感到气馁 ·to be exhausted 感到十分疲倦 ·to be disturbed / bothered 感到烦恼 ·to lose patience 失去耐心 ·to lose heart 失去信心 （5）态度与感受 ·to speak / think highly of… 对…评价高 ·to broaden the horizon 开拓视野 ·to broaden the mind 开拓心胸 ·to enlighten the mind 启迪心灵 ·to realize one's ambition 实现抱负 ·to keep one's promise 守信用 ·to keep up with the times 跟上时代 ·to be concerned about the society 关心社会 ·to fulfill one's duty 尽到责任 ·to be faced/confronted with the difficulty 面临困难 ·to get through the difficulties / to weather the storm 渡过困境 ·to stick to the principle 坚守原则 ·to escape the reality 逃避现实 ·to pull oneself together / to take heart 振作 ·to take / shoulder the responsibility 承担责任 ·to take / seize the opportunity 把握机会 ·to set a good example / to be a role model 树立楷模 ·to be independent / to stand on one's own 自立 ·to achieve the aim/goal 达到目标 ·to realize one’s dream 实现梦想 五、书面表达中的高级结构 一）高级词汇 请用你所知道的高级词汇替代下列词或词组。 1 think of ________________ 2 spend ________ 3 want/look for _______ 4 very __________ 5 sit _________ 6 should _________ 7. appreciate 替换 thank Thank you very much for you help. → We appreciate your help very much. / Your help is much appreciated. 8. the case 替换 true I don’t think it is the case ( true ). 9. on, the moment(instant, second)替换 as soon as As soon as he arrived, he began his research. → On his arrival, he began his research. 10. due to 替换 because of He arrived late due to ( because of ) the storm. 11. cover 替换 walk/read After covering (walking) 10 miles, we all felt tired. 12. contribute to 替换 be helpful/useful Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. → Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study. 13. round the corner 替换 coming soon/ nearby ① The summer vacation is round the corner ( coming). Do you have any plans? ② Li Ming studies in a school round the corner (nearby). 14. come to light 替换 discover The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. → The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light. 15. have a ball 替换 have a good time/ enjoy oneself After visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a ball ( had a good time ). 16. set aside 替换 save Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books. (2004 天 津卷) 17. be of + n. 替换 adj. The products are of high quality (very good ) and are sold everywhere in China. 18. refer to 替换 talk about/of, mention The professor you referred to (talked about ) is very famous. 19. can not but / can not help but 替换 have to do : I could not but (had to) go home. 20. more often than not 替换 usually More often than not (Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed. 21. long for sth. / long to do sth. 替换 want to do sth./wish for I want to see you very much. → I long to see you. 22. be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to 替换 be interested in He is caught up in ( very interested in ) collecting stamps. 23. more than 替换 very ① I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September. → I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September. ( NMET 2003 ) ② If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.(2004 全国卷) 24. do sb a favor/ give sb. a hand 替换 help Would you please do me the/a favor ( help me ) to turn down the radio? 25. the other day 替换 a few days ago The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. ( NMET 1997 ) 26. in the course of 替换 during In the course of (During) the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety. 27. the majority of 替换 most The majority of (Most of ) the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema. 28. consist of 替换 be made up of Our class consists of ( is made up of ) 50 students. 29. be worn out 替换 be tired / broken ① After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn out (tired). ② My shoes are worn out (broken). Please buy me a new pair. 30. become of 替换 happen What do think has become of ( happened to ) him ? 31. attend to 替换 look after 32. on condition that 替换 as long as 33. nevertheless 替换 however 34. express one’s satisfaction with 替换 be satisfied with 35. spare no effort to do 替换 try one’s best to do 36. many a 替换 many 37. be rushed off one’s feet 替换 be busy in doing 38. a handful of 替换 a little / some 39. meanwhile 替换 at the same time 40. get to one’s feet 替换 stand up 41. beneath 替换 under 42. occasionally 替换 sometimes /once in while 43. for instance 替换 for example 44. seldom 替换 not often 45. wealthy 替换 rich 二) 高级句型结构 请写出你所知道的高级句型结构： 1 ___________________________________________________________ 2 ____________________________________________________________ 3 ____________________________________________________________ ◆ more …than any other 表示最高级 Among the optional courses, spoken English and computer study are more popular than any one else. ◆ 分词结构 ① I don’t know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. (NMET 2001) ② We’ll mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people. (2004 全国卷Ⅱ) ③ Hearing this, a few people began to run after him.（2004 辽宁卷） ④ Born in American, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.（2008 年湖南卷） ◆ 倒装句 ① The library is to the east of the teaching building. → East of the teaching building is the library. ② Although we are tired, we are happy.→ Tired as we are, we are happy. ③ Only in this way can he grow to be a useful man. (2002 上海卷) ④ May all your dreams come true! May our friendship last till the end of the universe.!（2007 年湖南卷） ◆ 被动语态 ① Opinions are divided on the question. (NMET 2002) ② All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students. (2004 全 国卷 Ⅳ) ③ New factories, houses and roads have been built.(2004 江苏卷) ◆ 巧妙的改写 （1）Only 改成 no one but Only Tom passed the exam last week. → No one but Tom passed the exam. (2) as soon as … 改 成 No sooner…than…/Hardly…when…/Immediately…/The moment No sooner had we arrived at the cinema than the film started. (3) have sb/sth do/done The girl was knocked off her bicycle and had her leg broken (her leg was broken.). (4) 变换插入语的位置 ① However, they suggest fees should be charged low. → They suggest, however, fees should be charged low. (NMET 2002) ② I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese. → This is a good chance for you, I think, to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese. (2004 全国卷Ⅰ) (5) 用同位语代替非限制性定语从句 Meimei, who is seven years old, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.→ Meimei, a girl of thirteen, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days. (2002 上海卷) Shakespeare, a son from a poor family, a man of little education, wrote plays and poems that are read all over the world.（2008 年湖南卷） ◆ 其它 （1）注重句子的开头 ① 用 with 复合结构开头 With the sun setting in the west, we had to wave goodbye to the workers. With his help, we've learned how to analyze and settle problems.（2006 年湖南卷） With the functions of inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to edit test, browse web page and download what we want.（2009 年江苏卷） ② 用非谓语动词形式开头 ⅰ）In order to improve our English, our school held an English contest. ⅱ）Walking towards the cinema, he met a foreigner. （2）长短句交错使用（注意：应突出主题句；长句子并非越长越好） 三）过渡关联 1.在同一话题上补充内容或表递进关系: what's more, what was worse, besides, moreover, furthermore, also, likewise, in addition, in addition to, as well as, additionally, similarly, in the same way, on top of… 2. 表示转折意义 but, however, yet, instead, instead of, on the other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless, otherwise, still, although, though… 3. 表示因果关系 since, as, so, thus, because (of), therefore, as a result (of), so that, due to, as a consequence, in consequence 4. 表示条件关系 If, unless, as (so) long as, otherwise, or else, on the condition(that), provided that 5. 表示时间关系：当……时候，不久，自从，等等。 when, while, after, before, subsequently（后来）, until, as soon as, later afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on 6. 表示特定的顺序关系 above all, first of all, firstly (first), second (secondly), next, then, meanwhile, in the end, finally, lastly 7. 进行举例说明：例如，比如。 for example, take……for example, for instance, like, such as 8. 用于陈述和强调事实：实际上，跟你说实话。 actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth, in reality, in fact, in deed in particular, namely 9. 换一种方法表述：换句话说。 that is to say / in other words / to put it another way 10. 表示选择 rather…than / otherwise / whether…or 11. 进行总结： 总而言之，总的说来 in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in brief, to conclude, in conclusion, all in all…