备战2011中考英语总复习资料代词答案

备战2011中考英语总复习资料代词答案

备战2010中考英语总复习资料 代词 ‎ ‎1、代词的分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。‎ ‎2、人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。‎ 第一人 称单数 第二人 称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 阳性 阴性 中性 主 格 I ‎(我)‎ you (你)‎ he ‎(他)‎ she ‎(她)‎ it ‎(它)‎ we ‎(我们)‎ you ‎(你们)‎ they (他们,她们,它们)‎ 宾 格 me ‎(我)‎ you (你)‎ him ‎(他)‎ her ‎(她)‎ it ‎(她)‎ us ‎(我们)‎ you ‎(你们)‎ them (他们,她们,它们)‎ ‎1、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。如： I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物) / Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？) / Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了？) / That’s it.(就那么回事) / It’s he!(是他！)‎ ‎2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如：Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) / Help me!(救救我！) / We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信)‎ ‎3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如：--Who is it?(是谁？) –It’s I/me.‎(是我。)‎ 4、 三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。如：‎ Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) –Who will go there?(谁要去那儿？) –You and me.‎(你和我)‎ 5、 人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如：--What’s the weather like today?—It’s fine. / --What’s the time? –It’s 12：00. / It’s a long way to go. / It took him three days to clean his house. / It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space./ We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.‎ ‎3、物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。‎ 第一人 称单数 第二人 称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复 数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 阳性 阴性 中性 形容 词性 my ‎(我的)‎ your ‎(你的)‎ his ‎(他的)‎ her ‎(她的)‎ its ‎(它的)‎ our ‎(我们的)‎ your ‎(你们的)‎ their (他们的,她们的,它们的)‎ 名词 性 mine ‎(我的)‎ Yours ‎(你的)‎ his ‎(他的)‎ hers ‎(她的)‎ its ‎(她的)‎ ours ‎(我们的)‎ yours ‎(你们的)‎ theirs(他们的,她们的,它们的)‎ ‎1、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如：‎ Is that your umbrella? / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays. / They are their books.‎ ‎2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如：‎ This is your cup,but where is mine? / Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.‎ ‎3、“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如：‎ A friend of mine came to see me yesterday. [试比较] My friend came to see me yesterday. (指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。)‎ ‎4、反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。‎ 第一人 称单数 第二人 称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 阳性 阴性 中性 myself ‎(我自己)‎ yourself ‎(你自己)‎ himself ‎(他自己)‎ herself ‎(她自己)‎ itself ‎(它自己)‎ ourselves ‎(我们自己)‎ yourselves ‎(你们自己)‎ themselves (他们/她们/它们自己)‎ ‎1、反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。如：‎ Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.‎ ‎2、在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如：‎ The story itself is good. Only he didn’t tell it well.‎ 4、 指示代词： 指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。‎ 单数 复数 含义 this(这个)‎ these(这些)‎ 指较近的人和物 that(那个)‎ those(那些)‎ 指较远的人和物 such (这样的人/物)‎ 指上文提过的人和物 same (同样的人/物)‎ 指和上文提过的相同的人和物 it (这人/这物)‎ 指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时 指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定语修饰名词。如：‎ What’s this? / That model plane is made of plastic. (被动句) / Remember never to do such things. / Do the same as the teacher tells you. / ---Who is it? ---It’s me!‎ ‎6、关系代词：用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词,参见后面的定语从句。‎ ‎1、关系代词who 、which、 that 、whom 等,将定语从句和主句连接起来。英语中的关系代词一方面在从句中担任一定的成分,另一方面又起连接作用。 ‎ 如：The student who is drawing a picture is in Grade One.‎ ‎2、关系代词who / whom指人,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如：‎ Do you know the man who is wearing a red hat? ‎ ‎3、关系代词which 指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如：Have you found the book which you lost several days ago?‎ ‎4、关系代词that既可指人也可指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如：Can you see the man/dog that is running along the river bank ?‎ ‎7、连接代词：用来引导宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连接词称连接代词。‎ ‎ 英语中连接代词主要有：what(什么),who(谁),whom(谁),which(哪个),whose(谁的)。详见相应从句。‎ ‎8、不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。‎ 单数 含义 some any no none ‎/‎ ‎/‎ each ‎(every)‎ one either,‎ neither so the other,‎ another 复合不 定代词 不可数 含义 much little,‎ a little all ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ 复数 含义 many few,‎ a few ones both others,‎ the others ※ 注：复合不定代词有12个：something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything ‎(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人). ‎ ‎(1)some和 any 的用法：‎ some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：I have some work to do today. / They will go there some day. ‎ some 用于疑问句时,表建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如：Would you like some coffee with sugar?‎ any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。如：They didn’t have any friends here. / Have you got any questions to ask?‎ any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。Come here with any friend.‎ ‎(2)no和none的用法：‎ no是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。如：There is no time left. Please hurry up. / They had no reading books to lend.‎ none只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,表示复数或单数。如：None of them is/are in the classroom)/ I have many books, but none is interesting. ‎ ‎(3)all和both的用法：‎ all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。‎ both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如：I know all of the four British students in their school. / --Would you like this one or that one? –Both.‎ all和both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式,其中的of 可以省略。如：All (of) (the) boys are naughty.‎ ‎(4)every和each用法：‎ every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念；‎ each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念；each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前 every和each都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。如：Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每个学生学习都很用功) / They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.(他们很忙,人人都有事干) ‎ ‎(5)either和neither的用法：‎ either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”；neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。‎ neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。如：I don’t care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. / --Will you go there by bus or by car? –Neither. I will go there by train.‎ ‎(6)other、the other和another的用法：‎ other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。another意思是“另外”、“又一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。如：‎ ‎ Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking./ You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one? / I want another four books.‎ another(另外的,再一,又一)与the other(另外的一个) 主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用the other ‎,在原先基础上增加用another。如： This is one of your socks. Where is the other one? / I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.‎ others与the others的主要区别：others指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分)；the others指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。如：A few students are playing soccer while others are watching them./ Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.‎ ‎(7)many和much的用法：‎ many意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用；much意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。如：I don’t have many friends here.(在这里我没有很多的朋友。) /Many died in the bus accident.(许多人在公交车祸中丧失) / We can learn much with the help of him.(在他的帮助之下我们能学到很多) ‎ ‎ many和much一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用a lot of 或者lots of; many / much用于肯定句时可以在前面加上so、very或too.如： There are a lot of people on the playground./ They haven’t got much work to do. / There are too many people in the room.‎ ‎(8)few、little、a few、a little的用法：‎ few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思 ；few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：‎ He is very poor and he has little money. / Don’t worry. There is still a little time left./ In that polar region there live few people. / You can get a few sweets from him.‎ ‎(9)复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。‎ somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中；anything, anybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。如：Hey,Lily. There is someone outside the door. /Di d you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday?/He has nothing much to do today.‎ ‎ (10)one与ones用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which等。如： Which jacket would you like, this one or that one? / I don’t like the green ones.‎ ‎ (11)so可以代替一件事情,作句子的宾语或表语。如： I don’t think so. / He lost a book. So did ‎I.‎ ‎ (12)a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of的区别：五个“名词+介词”短语都表示“大量,许多”,a lot of(或lots of)既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式,可以相应地换为much和many；plenty of“足够、大量”,既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。 a number of / large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式)可以换为some、many、a lot of、plenty of。 a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)可以换为much。‎ 如：A lot of people think that time is money. / I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time. / I have a number of letters to write today. / I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.‎ ‎ (13)none、no one、nobody的区别：no one和nobody都表示“没有人”,仅指人,后面不跟of 短语,作主语时谓语用单数形式；none表示“没有一个人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短语,作主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。如：No one knows how he managed to get the ticket. / Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday. / None of my friends came to see me that day.‎ ‎9、相互代词：表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。‎ each other ,one another是相互代词,译成“互相”,可以通用。each other表示两者之间,而one anther表示许多人之间。它们有所有格形式each other’s ,one another’s。如： We must help each other when we are in trouble.(我们身处困境时要互相帮助。) / They sat there without talking to one another / ‎ each other.(他们坐在那儿,互相都不说话。)‎ ‎10、疑问代词：用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。‎ ‎1、who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever主要用于特殊疑问句中,一般放在句首。口语中也常用who代替whom作宾语,但在介词后则只能用whom。如：‎ Who(m) did you invite to your birthday party? / What does she want to be when she grows up?‎ ‎2、who 和whom只能独立使用,其中who可以作句子的主语、表语或动词的宾语,whom只能作谓语动词的宾语；而what、which、whose等既可以独立使用作主语、表语和宾语,也可以与名词构成疑问短语。如： Who is that man? / What colour are their hats? / Which car was made in Germany?(被动句) ‎ 注意这个提问：The man in the car is my father.→Which man is your father?‎ ‎3、which除了可以询问指代的情况之外,还可以针对说明人物的时间、地点、岁数、颜色、大小、状况等进行提问。如：People there live a very sad life.→Which people live a sad life? / --Which hotel have you booked for your holiday?—The biggest one in Haikou.‎ ‎4、疑问代词不分单复数,视它所替代的人或事物决定单复数,但是通常用单数；如果修饰名词,则以名词的单复数为准。如：Who is (are) in that playhouse? / What is that? / What are those? / What colours do they have?‎ ‎(二) 正误辨析 ‎［误］Tom's mother is taller than my.‎ ‎［正］Tom's mother is taller than mine.‎ ‎［析］形容词性物主代词可以作定语，也就是讲它可以作形容词，如：my book，而这句话的意思是：汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象是my mother,也就是mine。‎ ‎［误］We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish them.‎ ‎［正］We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish it.‎ ‎［析］在应用代词时，要注意人称，格与数的一致性。这里it所代替的是不可数名词homework， 所以应用it。‎ ‎［误］He and you should go to the library to return the books.‎ ‎［正］You and he should go to the library to return the books.‎ ‎［析］这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为you, he, she, I,而复数时为we, you， they:如男女并列时，应先男后女，如：He and she …如果在表示不好意思，承担责任时，单数时用，I, he, she, you, 复数时用They, you， we, 如：Tom and I are good friends.‎ You, he and I must go to play the game for our team this afternoon.‎ We, you and they have been there before.‎ I, he and you have to pay for it.‎ ‎［误］He or his brother is doing their homework.‎ ‎［正］He or his brother is doing his homework.‎ ‎［析］由either…or, neither…nor, or 连接两个主语时，如果两主语是单数时，用单数代词，如两主语是复数时，用复数代词，如：Either teachers or students want to do their best to help the old man.如是一单一复两名词时，一般将单数名词放在前，复数名词放在后，要用复数代词，如：The teacher or his students will clean their classroom together.‎ ‎［误］His brother is taller than him.‎ ‎［正］His brother is taller than he.‎ ‎［析］than是连词，其后应视为省略句，than he is.所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的用法。‎ I like you as much as she.‎ ‎［正］I like you as much as her.‎ ‎［析］as…as 其后也应看作是省略句。应为as I like her.所以应用宾格。而第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。‎ ‎［误］Myself did it yesterday.‎ ‎［正］I myself did it yesterday.‎ ‎［正］I did it myself yesterday.‎ ‎［析］反身代词不可作主语，但可以用作主语的同位语。 ‎［误］Take care of ourselves.‎ ‎［正］Take care of yourselves .(yourself)‎ ‎［析］祈始句的主语应看作第二人称you.‎ ‎［误］Please bring your daughter with yourself.‎ ‎［正］Please bring your daughter with you.‎ ‎［析］反身代词不能作介词宾语，除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语，如： The old woman spoke to herself.‎ ‎［误］Make yourself home.‎ ‎［正］Make yourself at home.‎ ‎［析］这是英语中的习惯用法，意为“像在家里一样”。这样的用法还有： enjoy oneself 玩得开心make yourself at home 像在家中一样 help yourself to something 自己拿某物lost oneself 迷路 seat oneself 就坐dress oneself 穿衣 ‎［误］—　Who's this speaking.—　That's Mary.‎ ‎［正］—　Who's that speaking.—　This is Mary.‎ ‎［析］在电话用语中，this指讲话人自己，而that指对方。‎ ‎［误］The days in summer are longer than this in winter.‎ ‎［正］The days in summer are longer than those in winter.‎ ‎［析］在比较句中往往为了避免重复，可以用that或those取代前面提到的事物，如是单数时用that,复数时用those，如：The weather in Beijing is hotter than that in Chang Chun.‎ ‎［误］It is so a good book that everyone likes to read.‎ ‎［正］It is such a good book that everyone likes to read.‎ ‎［正］It is so good a book that everyone likes to read.‎ ‎［析］在可数名词单数时可用so+形容词+不定冠词+名词+that从句，也可用such+不定冠词+形容词+that从句。在不可数名词或可数名词复数时，只用such, 如：It is such good weather that I want to go swimming. They are such good books that I want to buy them all.在many, much, few, little这4个词前仅能用so,如： She has so much money that she can buy everything she wants.而在so与that之间仅存形容词时，则不能用such,如:She is so sweet that everyone likes her.‎ ‎［误］I want to buy a same dictionary as yours.‎ ‎［正］I want to buy the same dictionary as yours.‎ ‎［析］same与定冠词the是固定搭配不可更改。这样的用法还有all the same(仍然)。‎ ‎［误］—　I hope she might pass the exam.—　I don't hope so.‎ ‎［正］—　I hope she might pass the exam.—　I hope not.‎ ‎［析］在作肯定回答时，I think so. I hope so. I believe so.但作否定回答时为：I don't think so. I hope/believe not.‎ ‎［误］—　He studied very hard this term.— So she did.‎ ‎［正］— He studied very hard this term.— So did she.‎ ‎［误］— English is difficult to learn.— So is it.‎ ‎［正］— English is difficult to learn.— So it is.‎ ‎［析］在对话中如果某一动作同时适用于两个主语，这时在答语中要用缩写且要用倒装句。如第一组句，即studied hard既适用于he,也适用于she.但答语仅仅是对前句的重复，即仅仅是第一句的缩写时则不要用倒装句。如第二组句子为：英语难学。答语为：是的，难学。这时缩写的答语不要用倒装句。‎ ‎［误］Everyone should do one's best.‎ ‎［正］Everyone should do his best.‎ ‎［析］one作代词时，它的复数形式是ones,所有格形式是one's，反身代词为oneself.如果讲One should do one's best.则是对句。如果one与别的词组成其他词，如： someone, anyone, everyone或only one 则要用his/her，来作其所有格形式。‎ ‎［误］— Who won the game?— None.‎ ‎［正］— Who won the game?— No one.‎ ‎［析］由who提问的句子的否定回答中的简略说法是no one,而由How many提问的句子的否定回答中的简略语是None.如：How many books are there? None.‎ ‎［误］There are many trees on either sides of the street.‎ ‎［正］There are many trees on either side of the street.‎ ‎［正］There are many trees on both sides of the street.‎ ‎［析］either作代词时由两个含意，其一是两者中随便哪一个，如：You can take either.其二是两者中的每一个。但要注意的是either后要加单数名词，如果作主语则谓语动词也要用单数形式。‎ ‎［误］Either you or I are right.‎ ‎［正］Either you or I am right.‎ ‎［析］在either…or,或neither…nor连接两个主语时，其谓语动词要与和其相近的那个主语相配。‎ ‎［误］I have three sisters. Neither of them is a doctor.‎ ‎［正］I have three sisters. None of them is a doctor.‎ ‎［析］neither用于两者中无一是，而none则用于多于两者中的人或事物无一是。‎ ‎［误］He doesn't like Beijing opera. I don't like too.‎ ‎［正］He doesn't like Beijing opera, I don't like either.‎ ‎［析］either作为“也”讲时，要用于否定句中，而too则用于肯定句中。‎ ‎［误］We like both this little boy.‎ ‎［正］We both like this little boy.‎ ‎［析］both作同位语时，它在句中的位置有：在be动词之后，如：We are both students.在实意动词之前，如：The parents both want to go to the cinema.用于第一助动词之后，如：We have both read these English novels.使用时要注意以下句子的实际含意：Both of us are not right.应译为：我们俩不都对。Neither of us is right.才应译为：我俩都不对。又如：I can't give you both of the books.意为：两本书我不能全给你，而I can't give you either of the books.才为：两本书我全不能给你。‎ ‎［误］We each has a ticket for the concert.‎ ‎［正］We each have a ticket for the concert.‎ ‎［析］each作句子主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式，如：Each of us wants to learn English well，但each作同位语时，则应以原名词的数为准。‎ ‎［误］Every of us has to pass the exam.‎ ‎［正］Each of us has to pass the exam.‎ ‎［析］every只可作形容词，不可作代词，而each既可作形容词，又可作代词，在作形容词时each侧重强调个体，而every 则侧重于全体。‎ ‎［误］Everyone of us should do housework two hours a day.‎ ‎［正］Every one of us should do housework two hours a day.‎ ‎［析］everyone不可与of结构相连接使用，而every one则可以这样用。‎ ‎［误］I should read English everyday.‎ ‎［正］I should read English every day.‎ ‎［析］要注意的是every day是“每天”，而everyday则是形容词为“日常的”。如：everyday English日常英语，everyday life日常生活。‎ ‎［误］There are trees on every sides of the street.‎ ‎［正］There are trees on each side of the street. ‎ ‎［析］every用于三者或三者以上的每一个，而each用于二者或二者以上的每一个。因为街道只有两侧，所以只能用each而不能用every.‎ ‎［误］All my parents are engineers.‎ ‎［正］Both my parents are engineers.‎ ‎［析］all用于三者或三者以上的全部，而both 则用于两者的全部。‎ ‎［误］All of students might make some mistakes.‎ ‎［正］All of the students might make some mistakes.‎ ‎［正］All students might make some mistakes.‎ ‎［析］非特指的名词前可用all但不可用all of结构，也就是讲all of结构后面的名词前一定要有定冠词。其他与all有关的习惯用法还有：‎ all the year round, all week, all day, all winter ‎［误］The all village was flooded.‎ ‎［正］All the village was flooded.‎ ‎［析］all作修饰语时要用在所有修饰词之前。‎ ‎［误］The post office is on other side of the street.‎ ‎［正］The post office is on the other side of the street.‎ ‎［析］单数可数名词如在泛指某一个时用another,而特指时则要用the other,因街道只有两边，而不在这边必定是在另一边，所以要用特指。请参考下表的用法以便于记忆。‎ ‎　 单数 复数 ‎ 泛指 another形容词 作定语 作名词 ‎ another代词 other others ‎ 特指 the other形容词 ‎ the other代词 ‎ ‎ the other the others ‎ ‎［误］There are ten students here Where are the others students?‎ ‎［正］There are ten students here.Where are the others?‎ ‎［正］There are ten students here Where are the other students?‎ ‎［析］the others=the other students.‎ ‎［误］The old man has two sons. One is a teacher, another is a doctor.‎ ‎［正］The old man has two sons. One is a teacher, the other is a doctor.‎ ‎［析］another用于泛指，如：Is it far from here to the station?I'm sorry. I have no idea. One may say it is quite near; another may say it is far from here.但在特指时则要用the other.它可以用作定语，the other one,也可以用作代词the other,但the other用作代词时它的含意一定是单数。如果指三者或者三者以上的情况时，则要用one…another…the other.或者one…a second…the third…‎ ‎［误］Some people like sports. The others like reading.‎ ‎［正］Some people like sports. Others like reading.‎ ‎［析］在泛指的复数名词前用some…others…others…来表示某些人……某些人……某些人……。‎ ‎［误］Please remember to water the flowers each other day.‎ ‎［正］Please remember to water the flowers every other day.‎ ‎［析］every other day为每隔一天。是习惯用法，不要随意改动。又如：on the other hand另一方面。‎ ‎［误］Many know him， but few likes him.‎ ‎［正］Many know him, but few like him.‎ ‎［析］few用于可数名词，意为几乎没有，但few作主语时谓语动词则要用复数形式，而a few为有一些。‎ ‎［误］You have few friends, haven't you?‎ ‎［正］You have few friends, have you?‎ ‎［析］little与few用于句中时，均要按否定句看待。‎ ‎［误］Much of what you said are true.‎ ‎［正］Much of what you said is true.‎ ‎［析］much用于不可数名词，作主语时用单数谓语动词。而many用于可数名词，它作主语时用复数形式的谓语动词。‎ ‎［误］This room is enough large for the students to live in.‎ ‎［正］This room is large enough for the students to live in.‎ ‎［析］enough 可以用作代词，如：There is enough of the food. 又如：Enough has been done for the work，但enough 还可以作形容词来修饰名词，这时enough可以放在名词之前，也可放在名词之后，如：money enough 与enough money都是对的。但当enough作副词修饰形容词时，则只能置于形容词之后了。‎ ‎［误］I want any books to read. Do you have any?‎ ‎［正］I want some books to read. Do you have any?‎ ‎［析］按照语法any用于疑问句和否定句，而some用于肯定句。‎ ‎［误］Would you like any thing to drink?‎ ‎［正］Would you like something to drink?‎ ‎［析］在由would you like发出的问句中，表达了说话者真心实意要为对方提供些饮料，或在说话者想得到对方的肯定答复时，在疑问句中要用some而不用any。‎ ‎［误］Someone want to meet you.‎ ‎［正］Someone wants to meet you.‎ ‎［析］不定代词应被看作单数，即使用and连接两个不定代词，也要看作单数，如：Anyone and everyone has the right. 任何人，每一个人都有这样的权力。‎ ‎［误］New York is much colder in winter than before.‎ ‎［正］It is much colder in New York in winter than before.‎ ‎［析］it常常用在英文的句子中来代表时间、距离、天气、自然现象，或用在句中作形式主语或宾语，如：‎ It is ten o'clock now. (代时间)It is far from here to the airport. (代距离)It is very hot.(代天气)‎ It is very difficult to learn English well. (作形式主语)We found it very difficult to answer the question. (作形式宾语)‎ ‎［误］Be careful. Don't drink too many.‎ ‎［正］Be careful. Don't drink too much.‎ ‎［析］这里much所代的应是饮料或水，所以应为不可数名词。 ‎ ‎(三) 例题解析 ‎1 These are ＿＿＿books. Yours are over there.‎ A I B my C me D mine ‎［析］这里应用形容词性物主代词。 ‎2 —＿＿＿ is she?‎ ‎— She is a teacher.‎ A What B How C Who D Where ‎［析］这里的四个疑问词放在问句中全都成立，但其意义不同。What is she?应译为“她的工作是什么?”或“她是做什么的?”而How is she?应译为“她身体如何?”而Who is she?应译为“她是谁?”其答语应为“她叫什么名字。”而Where is she?应为“她在什么地方?”由答语决定了这道题的选择。‎ ‎3＿＿＿ is wrong with my watch. It has stopped＿＿＿.‎ A Something, working B Something, to work C Any thing, working D Anything, to work ‎［析］因为是肯定句所以应用Something,其后由于表停止工作了，则stop后要用动名词。‎ ‎4 Mary, help ＿＿＿to the bananas, please.‎ A you B your C yourself D yourselves ‎［析］help oneself to something为“自己拿某物”。yourself为“你一个人”，而yourselves为“你们”。‎ ‎5 —＿＿＿ do you go to school every day?‎ ‎— By bus.‎ A How B Why C When D Where ‎［析］这题的答案是由问句决定的。 ‎6 My skirt is＿＿＿ popular than＿＿＿.‎ A much, her B much, hers C more, her D more, hers ‎［析］因句中有than,所以应选用比较级，而than后要选用名词性物主代词。‎ ‎7 — Can you speak English?‎ ‎— Yes, but only＿＿＿.‎ A few B a few C little D a little ‎［析］因会讲某种语言的多少要用a little,把它看作不可数名词对待，此答语为：是的，但仅仅会讲一点。‎ ‎8 Mr.　Smith is an old friend of＿＿＿.‎ A I B me C my D mine ‎［析］这里应选名词性物主代词，这也是英语的一种习惯用法，而不要选择my。‎ ‎9 “ ＿＿＿do you hear from your parents?”‎ ‎“About once a month.”‎ A How long B How many C How often D How much ‎［析］How often问的是某一动作发生的频率，即在单位时间内发生多少次。‎ ‎10 Mr Green wouldn't say ＿＿＿at the meeting.‎ A everything B nothing C anything D something ‎［析］在否定句中应用anything ‎11 “Mum, Ann's coming tonight. Let's give her ＿＿＿to eat.”‎ ‎“Good idea!”‎ A anything nice B nice anything C something nice D nice something ‎［析］肯定句中用something而不用anything,不定代词的修饰词应放其后而不要放在其前面。‎ ‎12 — When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening?‎ ‎— I don't mind. ＿＿＿time is OK.‎ A Some B Neither C Either D Both ‎［析］因如选用both则名词要用复数名词，也要用复数谓语动词，由于答语前有I don't mind 则决定不能选择neither.‎ ‎13 This is not her kite,　but＿＿＿.‎ A he's B him C he D his ‎［析］要注意“他的”名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词是同形的。 ‎14 Don't worry, Mum! ＿＿＿ news is good news. I'm sure daddy will come back soon.‎ A No B Many C Those D Two ‎［析］这是一条谚语，即没有消息就是好消息。 ‎ ‎15 Mary has six apples. Her brother has three. She has ＿＿＿apples than he.‎ A few B many C more D fewer ‎［析］由于是比较级，根据题意应选“多于”而不是“少于”。 ‎ ‎16 There isn't ＿＿＿in today's newspaper.‎ A anything interesting B something interesting C nothing interesting D interesting anything ‎［析］由于句子是否定句，应选择anything，而且不定代词的修饰语应放在其后面。‎ ‎17 September 10th is＿＿＿ Day?‎ A Teacher B Teachers C Teacher's D Teachers'‎ ‎［析］教师节Teachers' Day,儿童节 Children's Day, 妇女节 Women's Day ‎18 — In England, people eat a lot of “takeaway” food. What about people in your country?‎ ‎—＿＿＿ ‎ A So we do. B We do so. C So do we. D We so do. ‎［析］在答语中用简略方式表达上文的一个动作同样适用于另一个主语时，则要采用倒装句，但如果仅仅是对上句的重复则不要倒装。 ‎19 — Shall we go into that shop and have a look?‎ ‎— Sorry. I won't. I have ＿＿＿to do there.‎ A everything B anything C something D nothing ‎［析］这个答案的选择应由上下两句对话内容作出决定。 ‎20— Oh, dear! Who broke the glass?‎ ‎—＿＿＿ Sam ＿＿＿Bruce. It was the cat.‎ A Both, and B Not, but C Neither, nor D Either, or ‎［析］neither…nor意为既不……也不……‎ ‎21 The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake.＿＿＿are climbing the hill.‎ A Others B Other C Another D The other ‎［析］这里因为是代替复数名词，所以应用名词性的复数代名词。 ‎22 She is not a nurse. I'm not＿＿＿.‎ A also B either C neither D too ‎［析］在否定句中该用either,而不用too和also.‎ ‎23 I have two pencils. One is red,＿＿＿ is blue.‎ A the other B another C others D the others ‎［析］两者中的另一个应为特指。而且应为单数形式的代名词。而another是泛指单数代名词。others是泛指复数代名词，而the others是特指复数代名词。‎ ‎24 Sorry, I can't answer your question.‎ I know ＿＿＿about the subject.‎ A little B a little C few D a few ‎［析］中文讲我对此知道的不多，而英文中要用little。其含意为否定句。‎ ‎25 My sister doesn't like skating＿＿＿. ‎ A So do I B So I don't C Neither I don't D Neither do I ‎［析］这是表达上面否定句中的动作，也同样不适合 于第二个人。所以要用neither,并要采用倒装句。‎ ‎26 Yesterday morning there were only three boys in our room,＿＿＿.‎ A you, he and I B I, you and he C he, I and you D you, I and he ‎［析］这是若干人称代词并列时的顺序问题。请参看辨析中的例子。 ‎27 All the students are busy, so＿＿＿of them will go to the concert.‎ A many B little C a few D few ‎［析］student为可数名词。‎ ‎28 The teacher gave ＿＿＿student a new book.‎ A nobody B both C each D any ‎［析］both其后的名词应为复数，而any用于疑问句和否定句中只有each可以修饰单数可数名词。‎ ‎29 Black is neither a teacher ＿＿＿a worker.‎ A or B either C nor D and ‎［析］neither…nor为“既不……也不……”的固定搭配。‎ ‎30 Our teacher gave us＿＿＿on studying.‎ A many advices B some advices C an advice D some advice ‎［析］advice为不可数名词。some可用于可数或不可数名词之前。‎ ‎31 There are two foreign friends in the park. One ＿＿＿is from Japan, is from America.‎ A other B others C the other D the others ‎［析］因为是两者中的一个，所以另一个应用单数特指代词。 ‎32 Are there ＿＿＿on the table?‎ A some cups B any cup C some cup D any cups ‎［析］此句是疑问句，应用any cups, 因提问时的be动词用的是are。‎ ‎33 I've just bought five stamps. One is a German stamp, ＿＿＿are American stamps.‎ A the other B the others C other D others ‎［析］此空应填入主语。又因其范围已定，所以应选特指的代名词。the other只能用作单数，而others是泛指复数代名词，故只能选B。‎ ‎34 It was＿＿＿ fine day that they went to the park.‎ A a so B so a C such a D a such ‎［析］在单数可数名词前可以有两种表达法，即such+不定冠词+形容词+可数名词单数形式，如：such a good day，或者用so加形容词+不定冠词+可数名词单数，如：so good a day.‎ ‎35 At that time the train was slow and noisy. So＿＿＿people liked taking trains.‎ A little B a little C few D a few ‎［析］这是英文的表达法与中文不同之处。中文讲只有少数人喜欢坐火车，英文要选用“few”。‎ ‎36 We must help and understand each＿＿＿.‎ A other B another C others D the other ‎［析］each other意为“互相”，是习惯用语。‎ ‎37 ＿＿＿is difficult to walk on the moon.‎ A Man B One C That D It ‎［析］这里的真正主语应为不定式to walk on the moon.而形式主语只能用it.‎ ‎38 Jane has sent several letters, but ＿＿＿of them have been answered.‎ A all B both C either D none ‎［析］several letters意为“若干信件”，应看作多于两者，则在A、D中作选择，仅D符合句意。‎ ‎39 I don't know ＿＿＿about the new headmaster.‎ A something B everything C nothing D anything ‎［析］否定句中应用anything.‎ ‎40＿＿＿ of the students in the whole class could do this physics question.‎ A No B None C Not D Neither