2018-2019学年贵州省思南中学高二上学期第一次月考英语试题 解析版

2018-2019学年贵州省思南中学高二上学期第一次月考英语试题 解析版

绝密★启用前 贵州省思南中学2018-2019学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试题 评卷人 得分 一、阅读理解 ‎1．According to the Code, visitors should act __________.‎ A．with relief and pleasure B．with care and respect C．with caution and calmness D．with attention and observation ‎2．What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand?‎ A．Take your own camping facilities. B．Bury glass far away from rivers.‎ C．Observe signs to approach nesting birds. D．Follow the track for the sake of plants.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1． B ‎ ‎2． D ‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一则布告类短文，主要介绍了游客在新西兰旅游时的注意事项，包括保护动植物、保护环境等内容。要求游客要非常细心并心怀敬意地对待新西兰的一切事物。‎ ‎1．推理判断题。本文是一则布告类短文，主要介绍了游客在新西兰旅游时的注意事项，包括保护动植物、保护环境等内容。要求游客要非常细心并心怀敬意地对待新西兰的一切事物。与relief、calmness和observation无关，故B项正确。‎ ‎2．推理判断题。根据倒数第二条“Keep to the track keep to the track, where one exists, so you lessen the chance of damaging fragile plants”可知我们要走那些已经形成的路，不要走新路，那样做可能会破坏容易被毁坏的植物。这个建议是为了保护植物的。故D项正确。‎ In the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.‎ Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste, the concentration (含量) of gold and other precious metals was higher in So-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.‎ Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed, the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.‎ Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装) it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.‎ The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production, distribution, and use of products — as well as management of the resulting waste — all result in greenhouse gas release.” Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start — for instance, buying reusable products and recycling.‎ In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive (动机) for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place?‎ Governments’ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap (气泡垫) that encased your television?‎ From the governments’ point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.‎ ‎3．By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that __________.‎ A．the weight of e-goods is rather small B．natural minerals contain more precious metals C．E-waste deserves to be made good use of D．the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste ‎4．The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended __________.‎ A．from producers to governments B．from distributors to governments C．from individuals to distributors D．from governments to producers ‎5．What does the passage mainly talk about?‎ A．The increase in e-waste. B．The management of e-waste.‎ C．The seriousness of e-waste. D．The creation of e-waste.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎3． C ‎ ‎4． D ‎ ‎5． B ‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍了电子垃圾的产生、危害以及相关解决措施。‎ ‎3．推理判断题。文章第一句“In the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year.”告诉我们，每年有大量废弃电子产品被随意丢弃。紧接着第二段首句指出：电子设备中含有有用的金属，如金和银，并用Swiss study 佐证这一观点，因此可以推知电子垃圾值得充分利用。故C项正确。‎ ‎4．细节理解题。文章第六、七、八三段围绕“生产者责任延伸”展开的，最后一段做了总结， 根据“a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers ”可知电子垃圾的处理责任要从政府承担延伸到生产者的身上。故选D项。‎ ‎5．主旨大意题。纵观全文，文章先描述了废弃电子产品被随意丢弃这一现象，接着指出电子垃圾的可以用价值和潜在风险，主要是由于对废弃电子产品的管理不善造成的，最后呼吁政府和生产商对此承担一定的责任。故选B项。‎ Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.‎ Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.‎ People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because I’m required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.‎ Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.‎ Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.”Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they found a positive correlation (正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.‎ ‎6．People volunteer mainly out of __________.‎ A．internal needs B．social expectations C．financial rewards D．academic requirements ‎7．What can we learn from the Florida study?‎ A．Follow-up studies should last for one year.‎ B．Strategy training is a must in research.‎ C．Volunteers should get mentally prepared D．Volunteers are provided with concrete advice..‎ ‎8．What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?‎ A．Individual differences in role identity. B．Role identity as a volunteer.‎ C．Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts. D．Practical advice from researchers.‎ ‎9．What is the best title of the passage?‎ A．How to Get People to Volunteer B．How to Study Volunteer Behaviors C．How to Keep Volunteers’ Interest D．How to Organize Volunteer Activities ‎【答案】‎ ‎6． A ‎ ‎7． C ‎ ‎8． B ‎ ‎9． A ‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇议论文。文章分析讲述志愿者为什么自发地去服务社会，并通过三个实验说明了志愿者从事志愿工作的意图。‎ ‎6．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句可知人们做志愿者工作的原因为“…to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships”，再结合“If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate” 可知人们从事志愿工作是因为要满足内在的需求，故A项正确。‎ ‎7．推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句中“training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”可知志愿者应该从心理上做好充分的准备。故选C项。‎ ‎8．细节理解题。根据第五段第二句中“those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work”可知志愿者身份认同会激励他们继续从事志愿者工作。故选B项。‎ ‎9．标题归纳题。文章首段提出假设：假如你是一名组织领导人，很想得到志愿者的帮助。并指出在此之前，必须弄清志愿者为什么自发地去服务社会，并通过三个实验研究志愿者的意图。因此A项（如何使人们从事志愿者服务）是文章的最佳标题。所以选择A项。‎ Freedom and Responsibility Freedom’s challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.‎ Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.‎ In Greece, in Athens (雅典), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but ‎ because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.‎ But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenian爷s pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them.What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.‎ Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility.There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.‎ But, “the excellent becomes the permanent”, Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison, referred to: “The capacity (能力) of mankind for self-government.” No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man’s thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime.‎ ‎10．What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．Countries where their people need help. B．Governments ruled with absolute power.‎ C．Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom. D．Powerful states with higher civilization ‎11．People believing in freedom are those who __________.‎ A．behave within the laws and value systems B．seek gains as their primary object C．regard their life as their own business D．treat others with kindness and pity ‎12．What change in attitude took place in Athens?‎ A．The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.‎ B．The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.‎ C．The Athenians refused to take their responsibility.‎ D．The Athenians looked on the government as a business.‎ ‎13．What does the sentence “There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean?‎ A．Athens would continue to be free.‎ B．Athens would cease to have freedom.‎ C．Freedom would come from responsibility.‎ D．Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.‎ ‎14．Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison?‎ A．The author is proud of man’s capacity. B．The author is cautious about self-government.‎ C．The author is skeptical of Greek civilization. D．The author is hopeful about freedom.‎ ‎15．What is the author’s understanding of freedom?‎ A．Freedom can be more popular in the digital age.‎ B．Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.‎ C．Freedom should have priority over responsibility.‎ D．Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎10． B ‎ ‎11． A ‎ ‎12． C ‎ ‎13． B ‎ ‎14． D ‎ ‎15． B ‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。属于历史文化类短文，文章讲述了自由的起源、演变和它在古代文化下的形态和缺陷，以及数字化世界给自由带来的挑战。‎ ‎10．词义猜测题。根据划线词句子后半句“one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses”可知tyrannies是指拥有绝对统治权的政府。故选B项。‎ ‎11．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together.”以及本段内容可知，雅典人之所以能自由地生活在一起，是因为他们能够自愿在法律规定和价值体系下从事一起活动。故选A项。‎ ‎12．细节理解题。根据第四段“What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing.”可知，雅典人后来态度发生了改变，因为他们开始认为政府应该为他们的劳动付费，给他们提供舒适的生活，而个人的自律和责任意识变得淡薄。故选C项。‎ ‎13．句意理解题。根据第五段第三句“If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free”可知唯一的结果就是雅典人不再享有自由。故选B项。‎ ‎14．细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world.”及“Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it.”可知作者并没有因此而失去信心，相反对自由充满了渴望。故选D项。‎ ‎15．推理判断题。自由起源于2500年前的希腊，雅典人自由地生活在一起，因为他们能够自愿在法律规定和价值体系下一起从事活动。后来雅典人态度发生了改变，因为他们开始认为政府应该为他们的劳动付费，给他们提供舒适的生活，而个人的自律和责任意识变得淡薄，造成的唯一结果就是雅典人不再享有自由。作者通过雅典人对自由态度变化的对比，认为自由需要责任的保证。故选B项。‎ 评卷人 得分 二、七选五 Are you simply moving through your day without fully living? I think many of us have done this. Everyone wants to fully live every day. 16． So I’ve decided to share with you some ways to help you enjoy every moment.‎ Sit in the morning. When you wake up, in the quiet of the morning, sit on the floor. I often use ‎ this opportunity to stretch (伸展).17．I also just sit, and focus on my breathing going in and out.‎ ‎18． I like to take breaks from work, and go outside for a slow walk. Pay attention to your breathing, to everything around you, to the sounds and light of objects.‎ Read in silence. Find a quiet time, and a quiet place, and read a good novel. Have no television or computers on nearby. And just put yourself in the world of the novel. It might seem difficult to let your mind move from the present into the time of the novel, but it’s a great practice in focus. 19．‎ ‎20． Each day, find someone you care about and be grateful for his existence. If you want, you can tell that person how thankful you are to him.‎ A．Walk slowly.‎ B．Work with focus.‎ C．Look at someone in a grateful way.‎ D．But this is easier said than done.‎ E. I feel every muscle in my body.‎ F. It’s a way of building something good into your life.‎ G. Also, I love a good novel more than almost anything else.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎16．D ‎17．E ‎18．A ‎19．G ‎20．C ‎【解析】试题分析：文章介绍每个人都想过充实的生活，但是说起来容易做起来难，作者给读者提出几个切实可行的方法 ‎16．D考查上下文串联和句意理解 根据上句话提到Everyone wants to fully live every day每个人都想充实的过每天，所以紧接是说起来容易做起来难，并且与文章第一句话你是否只是简单的过着每一天，而没有充实的生活着是想呼应的，所以选D项 ‎17．E考查上下文串联和句意理解 根据上文的句子When you wake up, in the quiet of the morning, sit on the floor.：可知我只是坐着，感受呼吸，答案是F这是一种建立好的东西的方式。‎ ‎18．A考查上下文串联和句意理解 根据后面一句话提到I like to take breaks from work, and go outside for a slow walk我喜欢从工作中休息，去外面慢慢散步，所以这段讲得是慢走，所以选A项。‎ ‎19．G考查上下文串联和句意理解 根据上文的句子Read in silence. Find a quiet time, and a quiet place, and read a good novel.：可知要把自己放在小说的故事中，故选G我更喜欢小说。‎ ‎20．C考查上下文串联和句意理解 根据上文的句子Look at someone in a grateful way.：可知找到你关心的人，感激他的存在，故选C用感恩的方式看待别人。‎ 考点：信息匹配。‎ 评卷人 得分 三、完形填空 In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 21 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 22 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.‎ How did we 23 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 24 an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 25 modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 26 .‎ Another cause is our 27 of disposable (一次性的) products. As 28 people, we are always looking for 29 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 30 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.‎ Our appetite for new products also 31 to the problem. We are 32 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 33 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 34 useful possessions to make room for new ones.‎ All around the world, we can see the 35 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 36 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 37 , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 38 , this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.‎ Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 39 throwing them ‎ away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 40 . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.‎ ‎21．A．key B．reason C．problem D．project ‎22．A．gifts B．products C．debt D．rubbish ‎23．A．become B．face C．observe D．change ‎24．A．hide B．replace C．control D．withdraw ‎25．A．Thanks to B．As to C．Except for D．Regardless of ‎26．A．safe B．funny C．cheap D．powerful ‎27．A．love B．lack C．prevention D．division ‎28．A．sensitive B．kind C．brave D．busy ‎29．A．ways B．places C．jobs D．friends ‎30．A．donate B．receive C．produce D．preserve ‎31．A．adapts B．returns C．responds D．contributes ‎32．A．tired of B．addicted to C．worried about D．ashamed for ‎33．A．newer B．stronger C．higher D．larger ‎34．A．pick up B．pay for C．hold onto D．throw away ‎35．A．advantages B．purposes C．functions D．consequences ‎36．A．show B．record C．decrease D．measure ‎37．A．technology B．environment C．consumers D．brands ‎38．A．However B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．Meanwhile ‎39．A．by B．in favour of C．after D．instead of ‎40．A．spending B．collecting C．repairing D．advertising ‎【答案】‎ ‎21． C ‎ ‎22． D ‎ ‎23． A ‎ ‎24． B ‎ ‎25． A ‎ ‎26． C ‎ ‎27． A ‎ ‎28． D ‎ ‎29． A ‎ ‎30． C ‎ ‎31． D ‎ ‎32． B ‎ ‎33． A ‎ ‎34． D ‎ ‎35． D ‎ ‎36． C ‎ ‎37． B ‎ ‎38． A ‎ ‎39． D ‎ ‎40． C ‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇议论文，现代社会里垃圾越来越多，文章分析了出现这一情况的原因，主要是因为人们习惯于扔掉用旧的东西。要想改变这个情况，首先要改变人们的思想以及对待维修的态度。‎ ‎21．考查名词辨析。A. key钥匙，关键；B. reason理由，原因；C. problem问题；D. project项目，工程；句意：在现代社会里，当一个东西用旧的时候，我们都会把它扔掉然后再买一个新的，问题是因为人们扔的垃圾比以前更多了，世界各国都有堆积如山的垃圾。人们把用旧的东西扔掉产生了垃圾问题。故C项正确。‎ ‎22．考查名词辨析及上下文串联。A. gifts礼物；B. products产品；C. debt债务；D. rubbish垃圾；根据横线后“…because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.”可知因为人们扔的垃圾比以前更多了，世界各国都有堆积如山的垃圾。故D项正确。‎ ‎23．考查动词辨析及上下文串联。A. become变成；B. face面对；C. observe观察，庆祝；D. change改变；根据第一句“In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one.”可知我们现在变成了一个用完就扔的社会。故A项正确。‎ ‎24．考查动词辨析。A. hide躲藏；B. replace取代，代替；C. control控制；D. withdraw取钱，退出；本句解释为什么我们会变成一个用完就扔的社会，因为花钱买新的东西代替旧东西要比话时间和钱维修旧东西更容易，所以人们就养成了用完就扔的习惯。故B项正确。‎ ‎25．考查介词短语辨析。A. Thanks to多亏，由于；B. As to关于，至于；C. Except for除…之外；D. Regardless of不管，不顾。由于现代制造业和先进技术，公司能够迅速便宜地生产出产品，这些产品丰富且便宜。根据句意可知上下文是因果关系，故A项正确。‎ ‎26．考查上下文串联。A.safe安全的；B.funny有趣的；C.cheap便宜的；D.powerful强大的。根据前句“…companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.” 因为现代制造业和先进技术，公司能够迅速便宜地生产出产品，这些产品丰富且便宜。故C项正确。‎ ‎27．考查名词辨析。A. love喜爱；B. lack缺少；C. prevention预防，阻止；D. division划分；另外一个原因是我们喜欢一次性的物品，现代人都很忙碌，总是寻找各种方法节约时间或让我们的生活更容易。故A项正确。‎ ‎28．考查形容词辨析。A. sensitive敏感的；B. kind善良的；C. brave勇敢的；D. busy忙碌的；现代人都很忙碌，总是寻找各种方法节约时间或让我们的生活更容易。故D项正确。‎ ‎29．考查名词辨析。A. ways方法；B. places地方；C. jobs工作；D. friends朋友；现代人都很忙碌，总是寻找各种方法节约时间或让我们的生活更容易。故A项正确。‎ ‎30．考查动词辨析。A. donate捐献；B. receive收到；C. produce生产；D. preserve保护，保存；公司生产出很多不同种类的一次性商品，如纸盘子、塑料杯等；动词produce与主语companies搭配，故C项正确。‎ ‎31．考查动词辨析。A. adapts调整，适应；B. returns返回，归还；C. responds回应；D. contributes贡献，有助于，导致；动词短语contribute to导致；对新产品的渴望也会导致这个问题。故D项正确。‎ ‎32．考查形容词短语辨析。短语be tired of厌倦…；be addicted to沉溺于…；be worried about担忧…；现代人渴望得到新的产品，总是沉溺于新鲜事物，广告也一直在说服我们新的要比旧的更好，如果我们有最新的商品我们会更加幸福。根据句意可知B项正确。‎ ‎33．考查上下文串联。A.newer更新的；B.stronger更强壮的；C.higher更高的；D.larger更大的。根据前两句“Our appetite for new products also _11_ to the problem. We are _12_ buying new things”可知人们总是渴望新的商品，各种广告也在说服我们购买更新的商品。故A项正确。‎ ‎34．考查动词短语辨析。A. pick up捡起，用车接；B. pay for支付；C. hold onto坚持，抓住；D. throw away扔掉；最终的结果是我们扔掉一些仍然有用的东西腾出地方来买新的东西。这也导致了大量垃圾的出现。故D项正确。‎ ‎35．考查名词辨析。A. advantages优势；B. purposes目的；C. functions功能；D. consequences结果；从全世界来看，我们都可以看到这种用完即扔的生活方式的最终结果，就是垃圾堆越来越大。故D项正确。‎ ‎36．考查动词辨析。A. show显示；B. record记录；C. decrease减少；D. measure测量，衡量；为了减少垃圾数量保护环境，更多的政府要求人们回收各种材料，然而这还不足以解决这个问题。根据句意可知C项正确。‎ ‎37．考查名词辨析。A. technology技术；B. environment环境；C. consumers消费者；D. brands品牌；为了减少垃圾数量保护环境，更多的政府要求人们回收各种材料，然而这还不足以解决这个问题。根据句意可知B项正确。‎ ‎38．考查副词辨析。A. However然而；B. Otherwise否则，要不然；C. Therefore因此；D. Meanwhile与此同时；为了减少垃圾数量保护环境，更多的政府要求人们回收各种材料，然而这还不足以解决这个问题。根据句意可知上下文之间是转折关系，故A项正确。‎ ‎39．考查介词辨析。A. by根据；使用；B. in favour of支持；C. after在…之后；D. instead of代替，而不是；另外一种摆脱垃圾的方法是维修我们的东西而不是它们扔掉，这样产生的垃圾会少很多。故D项正确。‎ ‎40．考查动词辨析。A. spending花费，度过；B. collecting收集，采集；C. repairing维修；D. advertising登广告；根据后句“Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce…”可知修理财产并改变我们的花钱习惯是减少垃圾的好方法，说明我们应该重新考虑对待修理的方法态度。故C项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 小题6的答案是cheap，根据前句“…companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.”中“inexpensively” 因为现代制造业和先进技术，公司能够迅速便宜地生产出产品，这些产品丰富且便宜。这属于完形填空中的复现解题法，这类题多为同义词、近义词和反义词的复现或同义词、近义词和反义词异形复现的形式。这种测试手法主要是考查考生的整体篇章意识和上下文推断能力。‎ 例子： On August 26, 1999, New York City was struck by a terrible rainstorm. The rain caused the streets to __36__ and the subway system almost came to a stop.‎ ‎36. A. break B. flood C. sink D. crash ‎36. B项。考查异形近义词的复现。根据前句中“by a terrible rainstorm”可知纽约城遭受了暴风雨，雨水导致了洪水。本句中的名词“rain”与“flood”属于同一概念的异形词。‎ 第II卷（非选择题)‎ 请点击修改第II卷的文字说明 评卷人 得分 四、短对话 ‎41．What will the woman do tomorrow morning?‎ A．Go to the zoo.‎ B．Go to the airport.‎ C．Deal with an email.‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎42．How will the speakers probably get to the exhibition?‎ A．By bus. B．By taxi. C．By subway.‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎43．When will the equipment arrive?‎ A．This Wednesday. B．This Friday. C．Next Monday.‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎44．What is Claire probably like?‎ A．Lazy. B．Clever. C．Hard-working.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎45．Why is the woman calling the man?‎ A．To buy something from him.‎ B．To sell him some pieces of furniture.‎ C．To set a date to visit his new apartment.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 评卷人 得分 五、长对话 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。‎ ‎46．Where are the speakers?‎ A．At a zoo. B．On a farm. C．By a lake.‎ ‎47．Why does the man prefer the ducks?‎ A．They are pretty.‎ B．They don’t bite people.‎ C．They don’t eat too much.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎46． C ‎ ‎47． B ‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎46．此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎47．此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。‎ ‎48．What was Albert Einstein like as a child?‎ A．He was shy.‎ B．He did poorly in all subjects.‎ C．He got along well with his classmates.‎ ‎49．When did Albert Einstein begin to learn math by himself?‎ A．At age six. B．At age ten. C．At age thirteen.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎48． A ‎ ‎49． B ‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎48．此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎49．此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。‎ ‎50．With what does the woman want her coffee?‎ A．Cream. B．Sugar. C．Milk.‎ ‎51．What time might it be now?‎ A．2:30. B．3:00. C．3:30.‎ ‎52．Where are the speakers probably going next?‎ A．To the classroom.‎ B．To a restaurant.‎ C．To the library.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎50． C ‎ ‎51． A ‎ ‎52． C ‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎50．此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎51．此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎52．此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。‎ ‎53．What does the woman first recommend to the man?‎ A．A CD player.‎ B．An item of jewelry.‎ C．A piece of clothing.‎ ‎54．Why isn’t the man interested in the leather jacket?‎ A．He dislikes the color.‎ B．It’s too expensive.‎ C．He already has one.‎ ‎55．What does the man say about the records?‎ A．The songs are his favorites.‎ B．There are some scratches on them.‎ C．There is nothing special about them.‎ ‎56．What is the final price for the records?‎ A．$25. B．$28. C．$30.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎53． B ‎ ‎54． A ‎ ‎55． B ‎ ‎56． B ‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎53．此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎54．此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎55．此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎56．此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。‎ ‎57．What will be replaced in the VIP rooms?‎ A．The windows. B．The pianos. C．The bathtubs.‎ ‎58．What will take the most time to finish?‎ A．The basement level.‎ B．Mariners restaurant.‎ C．The Pacific Theater.‎ ‎59．How big is the Pacific Center Hotel?‎ A．It has 1800 rooms.‎ B．It has 40 sea view rooms.‎ C．It is more than 16 stories tall.‎ ‎60．When can guests start to see the musical performances?‎ A．In April 2017.‎ B．In January 2018.‎ C．In December 2019.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎57． C ‎ ‎58． A ‎ ‎59． C ‎ ‎60． A ‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎57．此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎58．此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎59．此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎60．此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 评卷人 得分 六、语法填空 It’s important for us to have good health. It can enable us to enjoy our life and achieve 61．we hope for in our career and 62． the contrary, poor health leads to nothing, 63． if we want to keep good health, we must do the following.‎ Firstly, it is very important for us to have some fruit and vegetables 64．they can provide vitamins, and we have to keep a65． (balance) diet. We should avoid eating food66． high sugar and fat. Secondly, we’d better do some exercises every day 67． (make) our body strong and also we have to avoid too much work 68． (press). Finally, we have to get rid of those bad habits 69．damage our health, such as drinking and smoking.‎ In 70． (conclude), if we stick to the advice given above and keep a good mood, we will keep in good health.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎61． what ‎ ‎62． on ‎ ‎63． so ‎ ‎64． because ‎ ‎65． balanced ‎ ‎66． with ‎ ‎67． to make ‎ ‎68． pressure ‎ ‎69． that ∕which ‎ ‎70． conclusion ‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是说明文，健康的身体对人们有很大的好处，人人都希望拥有健康的身体，如何让自己保持健康状态呢？文章给出了三条有效建议。‎ ‎61．考查宾语从句。句意：对于我们来说拥有好的健康状态很重要，它能够让我们享受生活并实现我们希望得到的事物。句中what引导动词achieve后的宾语从句，并在句中充当动词短语hope for的宾语。所以要填what。‎ ‎62．考查固定短语。句意：‎ 句意：对于我们来说拥有好的健康状态很重要，它能够让我们享受生活并实现我们希望得到的事物。相反，健康状况不好什么也带不来，因此如果你想保持健康，我们必须做以下事情。介词短语on the contrary意为“恰恰相反”，表示上下文转折关系，所以要填on。‎ ‎63．考查连词。句意：对于我们来说拥有好的健康状态很重要，它能够让我们享受生活并实现我们希望得到的事物。相反，健康状况不好什么也带不来，因此如果你想保持健康，我们必须做以下事情。根据句意可知上下文之间是因果关系，所以要填连词so。‎ ‎64．考查连词。句意：对我们来说蔬菜和水果非常重要，意为它们能够提供维他命，同时我们还要保持平衡的饮食。根据句意可知上下文时间是因果关系，要用because引导原因状语从句，所以要填because。‎ ‎65．考查形容词。句意：对我们来说蔬菜和水果非常重要，意为它们能够提供维他命，同时我们还要保持平衡的饮食。句中形容词balanced意为“平衡的”，该词充当定语修饰名词diet。所以要填balanced。‎ ‎66．考查介词。句意：我们应该避免吃带有高糖分和高脂肪的食物。介词with意为“带有…”构成短语with high sugar and fat修饰名词food。所以要填with。‎ ‎67．考查不定式。句意：为了强壮身体我们最好每天都锻炼并且要避免太多的工作压力。句中不定式to make our body strong在句中充当目的状语，所以要填to make。‎ ‎68．考查名词。句意：为了强壮身体我们最好每天都锻炼并且要避免太多的工作压力。在英语里动词的后面要接名词构成动宾短语，句中名词pressure意为“压力”，充当动词avoid的宾语，所以要填pressure。‎ ‎69．考查定语从句。句意：最后我们要戒除这些破坏我们健康的坏习惯，如喝酒抽烟等。句中关系代词which/that指代先行词those bad habits，引导定语从句并在句中充当主语，所以要填that/which。‎ ‎70．考查名词。句意：总之，如果我们坚持以上给出的建议并保持良好的情绪，我们将会处于很好的健康状态。介词短语in conclusion意为“总之”，该短语在句中表示总结归纳，所以要填conclusion。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 本文小题1考查了what引导的宾语从句，what引导动词achieve后的宾语从句，并在句中充当动词短语hope for的宾语，意为“…的事物”。‎ what引导名词性从句的五种用法归纳如下：‎ ‎1. 表示“……的东西或事情”：‎ They’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。‎ He saves what he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。‎ What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。‎ ‎2. 表示“……的人或的样子”：‎ He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。‎ He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。‎ Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？‎ ‎3. 表示“……的数量或数目”：‎ Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。‎ The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。‎ ‎4. 表示“……的时间”：‎ After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。‎ The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。‎ ‎5. 表示“……的地方”：‎ This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。‎ In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。‎ 评卷人 得分 七、短文改错 短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多着（从第11处起）不计分。‎ My soccer coach retired in last week．I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party．My mum makes the better biscuits in the world，so I decide to ask her for help．Mum taught me some basic step of baking．I insisted on doing most of the baking myself. I thought the biscuits were really well．My only mistake was that I dropped some on ‎ the floor after I was packing them up．‎ At a party, my coach, with a biscuit in his mouth, asked surprisingly who made them and joked,“I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.”‎ My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!‎ ‎71．72．73．74．75．‎ ‎76．77．78．79．80．‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎71．去掉in ‎72．anything 改为something ‎73．better改成best ‎74．decide改成decided ‎75．step 改为steps ‎76．well改成good ‎77．after改成when/while ‎78．a改为the ‎79．just后加to ‎80．enjoy改为enjoying ‎【解析】文章介绍作者的教练退休了，在退休聚会上作者送给教练自己亲手烘焙的饼干。教练非常高兴。‎ 考查介词。句意：我的足球教练上个星期退休了。在last week，next week，this week之前不需要任何介词。last week前面不加介词，去掉in。‎ 考查不定代词。句意：我想在他退休聚会上为他做些特别的事情。“一些事情”，肯定句中用something。故将anything改为something。‎ 考查形容词最高级。句意：我妈妈做的是世界上最好的饼干。用最高级，better改成best。‎ 考查动词时态。句意：所以我决定向她求助。这篇文章使用一般过去时，故将decide改成decided。‎ 考查名词复数。句意：妈妈教我一些基本的烘焙的步骤。step 是可数名词，用复数steps。‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意：我认为这些饼干很好。be动词后接形容词good, well 作形容词时，意为“健康的”。做表语用形容词，well改成good。‎ 考查连词。句意：我唯一的错误是在我将它们打包的时候将它们掉在地上。本处意为“当„„时候”。故将after改成when/while。‎ 考查冠词。。句意：这里是特指第一段提到的退休聚会。特指“那次晚会”，应用定冠词the。‎ 考查动词不定式。句意：我可能明年要再退休一次，只是想得到更多这样的饼干。用不定式做目的状语。just后加to。‎ 非谓语动词。句意：我最喜欢的照片是我和我的教练在聚会上开心地享受饼干。根据介词of，应用动名词enjoying，my coach and me是enjoying的逻辑主语。of后面接动名词，故将 enjoy改为enjoying。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点常见动词错误类型有 ‎ ①一般现在时与一般过去时错用；② and 前后动词时态不一致; ③主谓不一致; ④缺少动词,特别是be动词; ⑤第三人称单数形式错用;⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。例如“so I decide to ask her for help.”谓语动词decide时态发生错误，应使用一般过去时。‎ ‎2. 名词的常见错误 单复数名词错用；注意区分名词是可数还是不可数；或根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。例如“Mum taught me some basic step of baking．”名词step应使用复数形式。‎ ‎3. 连词错误 连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/ or/but等 （一般考查从句关系 who/ whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether ）‎ ‎① I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (错用了who的所有格形式，改为whose) ‎ ‎② I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折，but改为 and)‎ ‎ ③ Clever as she is, but she works very hard.（as意为“尽管”，不能再跟but连用，所以去掉but）‎ ‎4. 冠词错误 误用a和an（根据单词的第一个音素来判定）；误用a 和the（固定搭配，或泛指、特指；多余的冠词或少冠词）‎ ‎① We may be one family and live under a same roof. (a 改为the， the same 是固定搭配)‎ ‎ ② As everyone knows, it’s ∧famous mountain with all kinds of pants.‎ ‎ （mountain是可数名词需用冠词，所以加 a ） ‎ ‎③ I hope you have∧ pleasant journey.（journey是可数名词需用冠词）‎ ‎5. 形容词和副词错误 ‎ ‎1) 系动词后用形容词（be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词 smell /feel）‎ ‎ 2) 词性的误用：形容词修饰名词；副词修饰动词、形容词。 ‎ ‎① I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. （time是名词所以要用形容词wonderful修饰）‎ ‎ ② My pronunciation was terribly.（was后用形容词，terribly改为terrible.）‎ ‎6. 代词错误 ‎ 1）代词的主格和宾格（I / me; He/him; She/ her; We/ us They/ them ）‎ ‎ 2）反身代词（myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves）‎ ‎ 3）代词的单数和复数 ‎ ‎ 4）多余的代词和少代词 ‎ ‎ ① Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. (express oneself, me 改为 myself ) ‎ ‎ ② One day I wrote a little story and showed ∧to my teacher. (加it) ‎ ‎ ③ If any one of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out.(other后加s) ‎ ‎④ What’s more , you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of ‎ him.(him改为them)‎ ‎7. 非谓语动词的常见错误 ‎ ‎ 1）不定式，动名词作主语，宾语。 ‎ ‎2）and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时）‎ ‎ 3）介词后用动名词v-ing形式作宾语。 ‎ ‎4）某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。‎ ‎ ①Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was…. (enjoy 后需接动名词 talk--talking) ‎ ‎②But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(作主语改为 going )‎ ‎ ③ Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves.(介词后用动名词ving形式作宾语) ‎ ‎④ I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and ‎ saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees.(and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时），saw改为seeing)‎ ‎ 8. 介词错误 ‎ ‎ 1）词组中的介词误用 ‎2）介词意思理解偏差 ‎3）介词的多用或少用 ‎ ‎ ①There are too many people among my family. （among 改为in in my family 为固定搭配） ‎ ‎ ② I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. （去掉 at, the moment 引导从句）‎ 视频 评卷人 得分 八、提纲类作文 ‎81．今年暑期，你参加了在贵州省思南中学为期十天的英语夏令营活动。现在请你根据下列提示，写一篇短文介绍这次难忘的经历。‎ 营员 ‎60多名来自世界各地的高中生及大学生 活动内容 参观了许多名胜古迹以及一些著名风景区，购物，临走前举办了一场英语晚会 收获 结识了很多新朋友，更多地了解了美国文化，提高了英语的听、说能力 注意:1. 短文需涵盖表格中所述要点，可以进行适当的拓展；‎ ‎2. 词数:120词左右。‎ 参考词汇:English summer camp(英语夏令营);‎ English speaking and listening skills(英语听、说能力)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】I was very happy to participate in the English summer camp held in SiNan High ‎ School, which lasted about ten days. The participants included sixty students who came from senior high school and universities from all over the world。‎ ‎ During the time, we visited lots of tourist attractions including some places of interest and did some shopping. Before the end of the camp, an English Evening Party was held, in which we danced and sang, having a good time. As a result, We made many friends in the camp and had a good understanding of American culture, at the same time, our English speaking and listening skills have been improved。‎ ‎ I hope I can take part in such camp again in the future.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇提纲类书面表达，要求考生根据文字提示写一篇短文介绍在贵州省思南中学举行为期十天的英语夏令营活动。‎ ‎【详解】‎ 第1步：审题。根据提示可知本文是一篇记叙文，要求考生根据文字提示写一篇短文介绍在贵州省思南中学举行的为期十天的英语夏令营活动。全文以一般过去时和第一人称为主。‎ 第2步：组织要点。营员：60多名来自世界各地的高中生及大学生；活动内容：参观了许多名胜古迹以及一些著名风景区，购物，临走前举办了一场英语晚会；收获：结识了很多新朋友，更多地了解了美国文化，提高了英语的听、说能力。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词组进行遣词造句，关键词为participate in、sixty students who came from senior high school and universities from all over the world、do some shopping、an English Evening Party、have a good understanding of American culture等。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 本篇范文结构完美，条理清晰。范文时态和人称运用准确，涵盖了文字提示要求的所有要点，且有适当的个人发挥。考生运用了多样式的句型结构，整篇文章富有变化，并不死板。使用了较多的高级词汇，如participate in、participant、have a good time、have a good understanding of American culture、improve our English speaking and listening skills等；尽量运用了丰富的句式，如定语从句…who came from senior high school and universities from all over the world。；分词做定语…the English summer camp held in SiNan High School；同时文章还使用了一些串联成分，如as a result 等，这些串联词让各个要点更为紧密地结合在一起。以上写作技巧的运用提升了文章的层次，显示了考生具有很强的驾驭语言的能力。‎