【英语】2018届二轮复习：虚拟语气学案（7页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习：虚拟语气学案（7页）

‎2018届二轮复习虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。其通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。‎ 一. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 表示与现在、过去和将来的事实相反，主句和从句的动词变化规则见下：‎ 所述情况 从句 主句 与现在事 实相反 if + 主语 + 动词过去式（be动词用were）‎ 主语 + would / could / might / should + 动词原形 与过去事 实相反 if + 主语 + 动词过去完成式 主语 + would / could / might / should + have + 过去分词 与将来事 实相反 if + 主语 + 动词过去式 if + 主语 + were to + 动词原形 主语 + would / could / might / should + 动词原形 if + 主语 + should + 动词原形 ‎ 如If my brother were here, everything would be all right.‎ If you had worked hard, you would have passed the exam.‎ If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.‎ 二、一些特殊的虚拟条件句 ‎1、错综时间条件句：有些条件句中，从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致，这类句子称为错综条件句。这时，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。‎ eg: If you had taken her advice, you wouldn’t be in such a trouble now.‎ ‎ (从句动作发生的时间是过去，主句动作发生的时间是现在。)‎ ‎2、含蓄条件句：是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有：‎ 介词或介词短语有but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favourable condition等。‎ eg: But for the leadership of the Party, we could not be living a happy life today.‎ 连词有so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided (倘若……), for fear that (惟恐), in order that, on condition that, if only (要是……就好了)等。‎ eg: She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted. ‎ ‎= If she listened carefully, she might discover exactly what he wanted.‎ 通过上下文及内在含义，句中往往有but, otherwise, unfortunately等类似转折词。‎ eg: I thought the children would be sleeping when we returned home, but they were still awake.‎ 形容词及其比较级。 eg: A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes.‎ ‎3、情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气。 eg: I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didn’t.‎ 二. 虚拟语气的常用句型 ‎1. It is（high / aout）time（that）…后的定语从句中常用动词的过去式，或should + 动词原形。此句型表示“现在该……”，用来表示提议。‎ 如It is high time we started out.‎ ‎ It’s about time we began / should begin our discussion.‎ ‎2. I’d rather that + 主语 + did …（对现在的虚拟）‎ ‎ + had done（对过去的虚拟）‎ ‎ 如I’d rather they didn’t hear of the news.‎ ‎ I’d rather everything hadn’t happened in the past.‎ ‎3. I wish that（clause）+ 用动词的一般过去式（did）来表示对现在情况的虚拟 / 用动词的过去完成式（had + done）来表示对过去情况的虚拟 / 用would + do表示对将来的主观愿望。如I wish I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.‎ ‎4. 如果条件从句中有were / had / should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。如Were I you (= If I were you), I would not do it.‎ ‎ Had I the time (= If I had the time), I would go.‎ ‎ Should you change your mind (= If you should change your mind), no one would blame you.‎ ‎5. 表建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句常用should + 动词原形构成虚拟语气。常见的宾语从句中需用“should + 动词原形”的动词有：‎ 一个坚持：insist；两个命令：order, command；三个建议：suggest, advise, propose；‎ 四个要求：demand, require, ask, desire 易错误区：当suggest作“暗示、表明”讲，insist作“坚持说”讲，即坚持事实是怎样时，后边that从句不用虚拟语气。如Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.‎ ‎ The look on his face suggested that he was angry.‎ ‎6. 在表“建议、命令、要求、主张”的名词后的同位语从句或表语从句中，谓语动词习惯用（should）+ do（动词原形），其中should可省略。其名词有：advice，suggestion，motion，order，command，direction，instruction，demand，requirement，request，proposition，arrangement，desire等。‎ 如My suggestion is that you (should) try another means. (表语从句)‎ Order came that the army (should) reach next town before dark. (同位语从句) ‎ It’s required that all the students (should) go to school on foot.‎ ‎ (主语从句)‎ ‎7. 在It + adj.（表示“有必要、必须的、重要的”）+ that主语从句中，谓语动词习惯用（should）+ do（动词原形），其中should可省略。‎ 如It’s necessary / important / natural that we (should) clean the room every day.‎ ‎8. 在It is / was a pity（a shame，no wonder，etc.）+ that从句中，谓语动词习惯用should do，should可省略。如It was a pity / a shame / no wonder that our team should lose the game.‎ ‎9. as if（though）引导的表语从句或方式状语从句中，其动词形式的判断要看它与主句谓语动词在时间上的先后。如果从句动词与主句动词同时进行，从句的动词形式用did / were；如果从句动词先于主句动词发生，从句动词用had done；如果从句动词后于主句动词发生，用would / could / might + do。如He lools as if / though he were an artist.‎ ‎ He talks as if he had really been to the heaven.‎ ‎10. 有should / need / could / would（not）+ have done表示的虚拟。‎ ‎ 如The flowers are all dead, I should have watered them. (事实上我没给花浇水 ) ‎ ‎ You needn’t have waited for him, he would not come.‎ ‎ (事实上你等了他)‎ He shouldn’t have cheated in the exam, how regretted he feels now.(事实上他在考试中舞弊了)‎