【英语】2018届二轮复习例析“部分倒装”常考类型学案（8页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习例析“部分倒装”常考类型学案（8页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 例析“部分倒装”常考类型 倒装句是高中英语语法的重点内容之一，也是历年高考的热点。不少同学因为不清楚倒装句的变化规则，以及忽视在倒装过程中应注意的一些事项而在考试中常常丢分。下面笔者结合高考试题对几种常见部分倒装句解题方法加以分析和归纳。‎ 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。‎ 部分倒装常考类型：‎ ‎       部分倒装中有如下几类常考的类型：‎ ‎1否定副词(短语)置于句首 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。例如：‎ ‎  Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。‎ ‎  Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。‎ 例1（单句改错）Little he care about what others feel when he makes fun of others.‎ 解析: he前加does，little为否定词，应将助动词提前。‎ 此外， 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。‎ 例2（2016 江苏卷）34. Not until recently ______the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.‎ A. they had encouraged B. had they encouraged   ‎ C. did they encourage  ‎ D. they encouraged 解析：考查部分倒装。当not until所引导的时间状语放在首的时候，主句要使用部分倒装句。排除A、D项，B项为过去完成吋，上下文中并没有体现出过去的过去的时间。句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。故C正确。‎ ‎2so, neither, nor作部分倒装 ‎ 用so, neither, nor这些词表示“也”、“也不” 的句子要部分倒装。例如 Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。  ‎ If you won't go, neither will I.你不去，我也不去。‎ 例3（单句改错）I didn't see the film. Neither does she.‎ 解析: does→ did第二句是由否定副词Neither引导，故用部分倒装，前一句是过去时，故应将does改为did。‎ ‎ 3Only+状语 only在句首，且强调状语时,句子也必须部分倒装。 例如：‎ Only in this way, can you learn English well.  ‎ Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.‎ 例4 (2015天津卷) Only when Lily walked into the office ________ she realize that she had left the contract at home.‎ 解析: did　句意：直到莉莉走进办公室她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。“only＋状语从句”置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装形式。根据题干中的had left可以推断出设空处应该用一般过去时，故填did。‎ ‎ 4so/such...that...句型 So… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，so 引导的部分需倒装，即“前倒后不到”。例如：‎ So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很，动也不敢动。‎ 例5 Such an inspiring speech ________ he make at the graduation ceremony that every one of us was deeply moved and strongly encouraged.‎ 解析: did　考查倒装。“such ... that”引导结果状语从句。“such＋a/an＋形容词/副词十名词”位于句首时，主句须用部分倒装；根据从句中的谓语动词“was”可知，主句应用一般过去时。故填did。‎ ‎5not only...but also...结构 ‎ not only…but also…前后连接两个句子时，not only后的句子要用部分倒装，但but also后的分句不用倒装。‎ 例6（2015 重庆卷改编）I only need to deliver books to other participants, not only ___books shared but they can build up a bridge connecting readers from different parts of the world as well.‎ 解析:  are. 句意：书不仅可以被分享，而且书还可以建立起连接读者和世界上不同地方的一座桥梁。本句中，not only后的句子要用部分倒装，根据句意，应使用现在时被动语态，主语books 为复数，故答案为are。‎ ‎6省略if的倒装条件句 在虚拟语气中，if从句假设的情况中如果有助动词had, should和were，那么可省略if，把had, should和were放在句首构成倒装，简称省略if倒装条件句。‎ If he had finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.‎ ‎ =Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.‎ If I were you, I wouldn’t do that. =were I you, I wouldn’t do that.‎ If I should meet him, I would tell him about it.‎ ‎=Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.‎ 例7（2016浙江卷 改编 单句改错）Have the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.‎ 解析:  Have→ Had句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降。使用虚拟语气， if条件句用的had done，而且省略if，将had提前，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟。‎ 部分倒装易错点分析：1漏掉助动词/情态动词/be动词 例8（2017 湖北省八校联考 短文改错）Not until then I know my senior high school life had really begun.‎ 解析:  I 前加did.　句意：直到那时，我才知道我的高中生活已真正开始。“Not until ...”置于句首，主句需要部分倒装，故用助动词did来帮助构成部分倒装结构。原题中缺少助动词。‎ ‎2时态语态错误 例9 (2015 湖南卷改编 单句改错) Only after talking to two students do I discover that having strong motivation was one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.‎ 解析： do→ did　句意：直到跟两个学生谈过之后，我才意识到有强大的动机是达成目标最关键的因素之一。“only＋状语”放在句首，后面句子需用部分倒装形式。根据语境可知时态应该用一般过去时，故答案为did。‎ ‎3句子成分残缺/多余 例10（单句改错）So tough did I feel to live in an English-speaking country that I made up my mind to learn English well.‎ 解析： feel后加it. 句意：我感到生活在说英语的国家是如此艰难以至于我下定决心学好英语。本句中涉及到一个固定搭配find it tough to do sth., 其中it做形式宾语使用，指代后面的不定式结构。‎ 针对同学们在完成练习时出现的种种失误，笔者建议同学们在解题时时采用“还原法”来解题，即：(1)把倒装句还原为正常语序，降低难度。(2)利用句中语态和时间状语确定用助动词/情态动词/系动词的何种形式。通过以上两个步骤，可以大大简化题目难度，有效提高正确率。‎ ‎   最后，请同学们试做以下试题，看看问题出在哪里。‎ 单句改错 ‎1. Not only the poor man been fined, but also he had been sent to prison.‎ ‎2. It’s believed that the harder you work, a better result you’ll get.‎ ‎3. As far as I am concerned, never it occur to me that I could become the top student whenI studied in that class three years ago.‎ ‎4. Such a loud noise they make that I couldn’t be absorbed in the work.  ‎ ‎5. So difficult did I find to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.‎ ‎6. Have you come a bit earlier, you would have seen him.‎ ‎7. No sooner had I sat down when I found it was time to go.‎ ‎8. My friend has never been there, so have I. ‎ ‎9. Not until the game had begun was he arrive at the sports ground.‎ ‎10. Only when the war was over in 2017 he able to get happily back to work.‎ 答案 ‎1. the 前加 had   2. a→ the       3. it前添加did   4. they前加did    5. find 后加it ‎6. Have→ Had    7. when→ than    8. so→ neither    9. was →did       10. he 前添加was