2019版一轮复习外研版必修三Module5

2019版一轮复习外研版必修三Module5

‎2019版一轮复习外研版必修三Module5Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China单元学案设计 ‎[一积词汇见多识广]　‎ ‎[课内单词回扣]‎ ‎(一)阅读词汇写其义 ‎1．philosopher n. 哲学家　　　　　　2．philosophy n．　哲学 ‎3．thinker n. 思想家 4．bark n. 树皮 ‎5．leather n. 皮革 6．soft adj. 柔软的 ‎7．category n. 范畴；种类 8．adviser n. 顾问 ‎(二)表达词汇写其形 ‎1．teaching n. (常作复数)教导；学说 2．kindness n. 善良 ‎3．principle n. 原则；准则 4．position n. 职位 ‎5．stress vt. 强调 6．resign vi. 辞职 ‎7．fuel n. 燃料 8．condition n. ‎ ‎ 状况；条件；环境 ‎(三)拓展词汇灵活用 ‎*1.equal adj.平等的；相等的 v．比得上→equality n．平等→ equally adv.平等地；相等地 ‎　2.importance n．重要；重要性→important adj.重要的 ‎　3.order n．秩序→orderly adj.整洁的；有秩序的 ‎　4.influential adj.有影响的→influence n．& v．影响 ‎*5.honesty n．诚实→honest adj.诚实的 ‎　6.justice n．公正→just adj.公正的 ‎*7.contribution n．贡献→contribute v．贡献；捐献；捐助 ‎*8.invent vt.发明→invention n．发明→inventor n．发明家 ‎*9.argument n．争论；辩论；议论→argue v．争论；争辩；主张；认为 ‎　10.freedom n．自由→free adj.自由的；空闲的；免费的 用上面标注*的单词的正确形式填空 ‎1．All men are born equal,_so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand.(equal)‎ ‎2．The honest boy impressed all the employers with his honesty.(honest)‎ ‎3．Edison was a great inventor and was famous for his inventions ‎ because he invented many things in his life.(invent)‎ ‎4．His great contributions to the company have contributed to its rapid development in recent years. (contribute)‎ ‎5．William started off on the wrong foot by having an argument with the manager on his first day at work. He argued with him over something unimportant. We argued that William should find a better way to express his idea rather than behave that way.(argue)‎ ‎[话题单词积累]‎ ‎1．dynasty /'dInəstI/ n．　　　　朝代 ‎2．emperor /'emp(ə)rə/ n. 皇帝 ‎3．queen /kwiːn/ n. 女王；王后 ‎4．slavery/'sleIv(ə)rI/ n. 奴隶制度 ‎5．battle /'bæt(ə)l/ n. 战斗；战役 ‎6．ancestor /'ænsestə/ n. 祖先 ‎7．origin /'ɒrIdʒIn/ n. 起源；由来 ‎8．weapon /'wep(ə)n/ n. 武器 ‎9．aggression /ə'greʃ(ə)n/ n. 侵略 ‎10．revolution /revə'luːʃ(ə)n/ n. 革命 ‎11．uprising /'ʌpraIzIŋ/ n. 起义 ‎12．incident /'InsId(ə)nt/ n. 事变 ‎13．invade /In'veId/ v. 侵略 ‎14．occupy /'ɒkjʊpaI/ vt. 攻占；忙于 ‎15．sacrifice /'sækrIfaIs/ v. 牺牲 ‎16．betray /bI'treI/ vt. 出卖；泄露(机密)‎ ‎17．escape /I'skeIp/ v. 逃跑；逃走 ‎18．feudal /'fjuːd(ə)l/ adj. 封建(制度)的 ‎19．ancient /'eInʃ(ə)nt/ adj. 古代的 ‎20．primitive /'prImItIv/ adj. 原始的；远古的 ‎21．historic /hI'stɒrIk/ adj. 历史上著名(或重要)的 ‎22．historical /hI'stɒrIk(ə)l/ adj. 与历史有关的；史学的 ‎23．independence/IndI'pend(ə)ns/ n.‎ ‎ 独立 ‎24．independent /ˌIndI'pendənt/ adj.‎ ‎ 独立的 ‎25．slavery /'sleIv(ə)rI/ n. 奴隶制度 ‎26．pyramid /'pIrəmId/ n. 金字塔 ‎27．period /'pIərIəd/ n. 时期；时代 ‎28．stable /'steIb(ə)l/ adj. 稳固的；牢固的 ‎29．popularity /ˌpɒpju'lærəti/ n. 受欢迎；流行 ‎30．automatic /ˌɔːtə'mætIk/ adj. 自动的 ‎[二积短语顿挫抑扬]　‎ ‎[课内短语回扣]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎*1.agree_with　　　　　　　　　同意；与……相符；适合(某人)‎ ‎　2.be_at_war_with 与……交战 ‎*3.bring_up 养育；抚养 ‎*4.become_interested_in 对……感兴趣 ‎　5.a_sense_of_responsibility 责任感 ‎*6.be_proud_of 为……自豪 ‎*7.in_conclusion 总之 ‎*8.for_the_first_time 第一次 ‎　9.more_than 超过 ‎*10.be_similar_to 与……相似 ‎(二)用上面标注*的短语完成下列句子 ‎1．His parents were_proud_of what he had achieved in science and encouraged him to stick to his dream.‎ ‎2．The Smiths are praised for the way they bring_up their children.‎ ‎3．He became_interested_in painting when he was a little boy.‎ ‎4．You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree_with you, I suppose.‎ ‎5．I met Jack for_the_first_time at Lucy's birthday party and we have become good friends ever since.‎ ‎6．In_conclusion,_we would like to thank all those who have worked so hard to bring about this result.‎ ‎7．Studying Wendy's menu, I found that many of the items are_similar_to those of McDonald's.‎ ‎[话题短语积累]‎ ‎1．play a role in　　　　　在……中起作用 ‎2．once upon a time 从前 ‎3．serve as 充当，担任；起……的作用 ‎4．as a consequence of 由于 ‎5．lead a miserable life 过着痛苦的生活 ‎6．set up 建立；设立 ‎7．heart and soul 全心全意地 ‎8．at the beginning/start of 在……开始时 ‎9．be devoted to 致力于，专注于 ‎10．in the course of 在……期间，‎ 在……过程中 ‎11．vote for/against 投票，支持/反对 ‎12．on behalf of 代表 ‎13．come to power 上台执政 ‎14．in the long run 从长远来看 ‎15．declare war on ... 对……宣战 ‎16．be known as 作为……而出名 ‎17．be considered as 被认为是……‎ ‎18．of all time 有史以来；一直 ‎19．be in power 执政，当权 ‎20．in peace 和平 ‎[三积句式写作扮靓]　‎ ‎[课内句式仿写]‎ ‎1．the way＋that/in which引导的定语从句(that, in which可以省略)‎ ‎[例句]　Treat others in the way you want to be treated. ‎ ‎[仿写]　我认为减少食物浪费的关键是改变我们购物的方式。‎ I think the key to wasting less food is changing the way (that/in_which)_we_shop.‎ ‎2．“the reason why ... is that ...”中why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句 ‎[例句]　Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.‎ ‎[仿写]　我一直渴望去美国的原因是想去体验被认为是世界上最多元化的美国文化。‎ The_reason_why I have been longing to go to America is_that I want to experience American culture, which is believed to be the most diverse in the world.‎ ‎3．“do/does/did＋动词原形”表示强调 ‎[例句]　However, we do know that in 1092 AD he invented the first real clock.‎ ‎[仿写]　他的确喜欢听古典音乐。‎ He does_enjoy listening to classical music.‎ ‎4．no＋比较级＋than“同……一样不……”‎ ‎[例句]　Cars were first used at the end of the nineteenth century, and were no faster than a horse.‎ ‎[仿写]　汤姆履行职责并不比迪克好。‎ Tom is no_better_than Dick in performing the duty.‎ ‎[话题佳句背诵]‎ ‎1．Zheng He, an explorer in Ming Dynasty, is my favorite figure in Chinese history.(2016·北京高考书面表达)‎ 郑和是明朝的一位探险家，他是我最喜欢的中国历史人物。‎ ‎2．Confucius is considered as the greatest of the ancient Chinese sages.‎ 孔子被认为是古代中国最伟大的圣人。‎ ‎3．He holds the belief that how important it was to stand on his own two feet and be responsible for his own acts.‎ 他相信脚踏实地和对自己行为负责的重要性。‎ ‎4．By being devoted to what he does no matter how boring it is, he sets a good example to us.‎ 不管事情有多枯燥，他都会全身心地去做所做之事，为我们树立一个好榜样。‎ ‎5．Owing to the fact that he can do whatever he has chosen to do with great perseverance, he has made great achievements in many fields.‎ 由于他能够坚持不懈地做他所选择做的任何事情，所以他在很多领域都取得了巨大成就。‎ ‎[四背语段语感流畅]　‎ Confucius lived in a time when states were often at war with each other. His father died when he was very young, and he was brought up by his mother. Although he had a wide knowledge, the ruler didn't follow his advice. After resigning, he began to travel from state to state, spreading his principles. His teachings have had a great influence on China for over 2,000 years. He stressed the importance of the kindness, duty and order in society.‎ 孔子生活在一个各诸侯国之间经常发生战争的年代。他自幼丧父，他母亲把他抚养成人。尽管他知识渊博，统治者却不采纳他的主张。辞职之后，他开始周游列国，宣扬他的学说。他的学说极大地影响了中国2 000多年。他强调仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。‎ ‎[第一板块　重点词汇突破]　‎ ‎[师生共研词汇]‎ ‎1．equal adj.平等的；相等的；胜任的 v．等于；比得上 n．同等的人；相等物 ‎[教材原句]　All human beings are equal.‎ 所有的人都是平等的。‎ ‎(1)equal ... with ...　　　　 　 把……与……等同 ‎(2)be equal to (doing) sth. 等于；能胜任(做)某事 be equal with 与……平等 equal sb./sth. in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事方面比得过，敌得过某人/某物 without equal 无与伦比 ‎(3)equality n. 相等；平等 equally adv. 相等地；同样地 ‎①We need to be active in all kinds of sports, and pay attention to mental health which is equal to physical health.‎ 我们要积极参加各种体育运动，注重心理健康，它与身体健康同等重要。‎ ‎②Hong Kong Wetland Park is equally (equal) attractive in spring and autumn, for the weather is pleasant in both seasons.‎ 香港湿地公园在春季和秋季同样地具有吸引力，因为这两个季节的天气都很宜人。‎ ‎③Such stupidity is without_equal in the entire history of human relations. ‎ 如此愚蠢的行为在整个人际关系史上找不出第二个。‎ ‎2．order n．秩序；次序；命令；订购；点的饭菜vt.命令；订购；点(饭菜)‎ ‎[教材原句]　He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society.‎ 他强调了仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。‎ ‎(1)in order of　　　　　　　 以……的顺序 in order 井然有序；适宜；妥当 out of order 有毛病；发生故障 place an order for sth. (with sb.)‎ ‎ (向某人)订购某物 ‎(2)order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 order that ... 命令……‎ ‎①Ordered (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.(2016·北京高考单选)‎ 这些书是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货。‎ ‎②I can't make a call, as our telephone is out_of_order.‎ 我无法打电话，因为我们的电话坏了。‎ ‎③He ordered that everything (should)_be (be) ready before the experiments.‎ 他要求在实验开始之前一切都准备好。‎ ‎[名师指津]　order用作动词或名词，表示“命令”时，其后相关的从句中要用“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气，should可以省略。‎ ‎3．stress vt.强调；施压于；使紧张 n．压力；重音；强调 ‎[高考佳句]　One of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.(2015·浙江高考单选)‎ 减轻压力最有效的方式之一就是与你信任的人聊聊感受。‎ ‎(1)stress the importance of sth. 强调某事的重要性 under stress 在压力之下 under the stress of 在……压力下；为……所迫 lay/put/place stress on 强调；把重点放在……上 ‎(2)stressful adj. 压力大的；紧张的 ‎①Cooperation or teamwork, the importance of which is often stressed, plays an important part in football matches.‎ 合作或协作，在足球比赛中起着重要作用，这一点经常被强调。‎ ‎②Things can easily go wrong when people are under_stress.‎ 人在压力之下，办事情就容易出差错。‎ ‎③Studying abroad can be stressful (stress), because you have to worry about adjusting to a new culture at the same time.‎ 在国外学习可能压力很大，因为你同时不得不担心适应一种新的文化。‎ ‎4．condition n．状况；条件；环境 ‎ ‎[教材原句]　Often, factory workers lived in poor and crowded conditions.‎ 通常工厂工人生活在贫穷和拥挤的环境中。‎ ‎(1)living/housing/working conditions ‎　　　　　　　　 生活/住房/工作条件 under ... conditions 在……条件下 ‎(2)be in good/bad/poor condition ‎ 状况良好/恶劣；健康/不健康 out of condition 身体不适 ‎(3)on condition (that) ... 在……条件下；倘若；只要 on no condition 决不(放于句首时，句子需用部分倒装)‎ ‎①My grandmother takes exercise every day, and she is in_good_condition now.‎ 我奶奶每天都锻炼身体，因此她现在身体状况很好。‎ ‎②You may use this computer, as long as(＝on_condition_that) you are able to use it properly so as not to damage it.‎ 你可以使用这台电脑，条件是你能恰当地使用它并且不弄坏它。‎ ‎③On no condition must_you_tell him what happened.‎ 你决不能把发生的事情告诉他。‎ ‎[名师指津]　condition表示“(工作、生活或住房等)条件”时，通常要用复数形式；而表示“状况”时，则为不可数名词。‎ ‎[词汇过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Yet would it be surprising if I tell you that high school life in the US is almost as stressful_ (stress) and demanding as it is in China?‎ ‎2．Learning to read and write opens the door to get a better job ‎ and better living conditions (condition)．‎ ‎3．I'm not equal to the position, so I don't apply for it.‎ ‎4．I'd like to place an order for some tea with your company.‎ ‎5. (2017·北京高考单选)The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions (invent)．‎ ‎6．He is a very influential (influence) man in the company, so everyone would like to follow his advice.‎ ‎7．Considering his great contributions to the company, he is really worthy of the position.‎ ‎8．They agreed to the plan in principle but there were several details they didn't like.‎ ‎9．Bob resigned from the company because the job was not challenging enough in his opinion and he needs something demanding to develop his ability to deal with complicated situations.‎ ‎10．In my opinion, honesty (honest) is the most important part of friendship, because I hate being cheated.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．He can't still go for an outing, because he is out of the condition.去掉the ‎2．He ordered that the students (should) wore their special clothes during the military training.wore→wear ‎3．Father always puts a lot of stresses on good table ‎ manners.stresses→stress ‎4．Men and women must be treated equal in education and employment.equal→equally ‎5.Great changes have taken place in the city which we worked.which→where Ⅲ.单句写作(句型转换)‎ ‎1．The doctor ordered me to take a rest for a month. ‎ ‎→The doctor ordered_that_I_(should)_take a rest for a month.‎ ‎2．You should on no condition tell a lie.‎ ‎→On no condition should_you_tell a lie.‎ ‎3．No one matches him in courage, about which everyone knows.‎ ‎→No one equals_him_in courage, about which everyone knows.‎ ‎→No one is_equal_to_him_in courage, about which everyone knows.‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]　‎ ‎1．bring up养育；抚养；提出；呕吐 ‎[教材原句]　His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother.‎ 他的父亲在他小时候就去世了，他母亲把他抚养成人。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中bring up的含义 ‎①The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children.抚养 ‎②He brought up a practical plan at the meeting, which brought down the cost of production.提出 ‎③He was drunk and brought up what he had eaten at midnight.呕吐 bring about　　　　　 引起，带来，导致(事故、变化等)‎ bring back 带回；使回忆起某事 bring down 使……降低；使……倒下 bring in 引入；赚得；挣得 bring out 显现出；使发挥；阐明 ‎④Many people are beginning to reflect on why we pay so much to study abroad and what kind of consequences it will bring about. ‎ 很多人开始反思，我们付出这么多到国外留学是为了什么？这又会带来什么结果？‎ ‎⑤Please make another sentence to bring out the meaning of the phrase.‎ 请再造一个句子来阐明这个短语的意义。‎ ‎2．Treat others in the_way you want to be treated.‎ 己所不欲，勿施于人。‎ 句中the way作先行词，“you want to be treated”为省略关系词的定语从句修饰the way。‎ ‎(1)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉，此时关系词在从句中作状语。‎ ‎(2)way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时还可以省略。‎ ‎(3)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后还可接动词不定式或of doing sth.的形式。‎ ‎①The research suggests that stress may change the way in_which/that people make choices in predictable ways.‎ 研究表明压力或许会以可预见的方式改变人们的选择。‎ ‎②The way that/which came up at the meeting was unpractical.‎ 在会议上提出的方法不切实际。‎ ‎③And you should keep it in mind that comparing notes with your classmates frequently is a good way to_improve (improve) your study.(2015·四川高考书面表达)‎ 你应该记住经常与同班同学商量是提高学习的有效办法。‎ ‎3．Mencius believed that the_reason_why man is different from ‎ animals is_that man is good.‎ 孟子认为人不同于动物的原因是人性本善。‎ believed后面是that引导的宾语从句，从句中使用了“the reason why ... is that ...”句式，其中why引导的是定语从句；is之后的that引导的是表语从句。‎ ‎(1)reason用作先行词后接定语从句时，首先判断定语从句中缺少什么成分，如果缺少状语，则要用关系副词why或for which引导定语从句，why有时可省略；如果缺少主语或宾语，要用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。‎ ‎(2)the reason后接同位语从句解释其内容时，用引导词that。‎ ‎①The reason why he has had such a success is that he never gives up.‎ 他取得如此成功的原因是他从不放弃。‎ ‎②The reason that/which he explained at the meeting was that he didn't catch the first bus.‎ 他在会议上解释的理由是他没有赶上早班车。‎ ‎③Why don't you believe the reason that my car was held up in the traffic jam?‎ 你为什么不相信我堵车了这个理由呢？‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.bring短语介、副词填空 ‎1．Being brought up in the countryside made Mr Wilson very hardworking when he was very young.‎ ‎2．We need to bring in more new machines to keep up with our company's development.‎ ‎3．The government has made great efforts to bring down food prices, which have been too high for years.‎ ‎4．People nowadays seem to have enjoyed the great benefits brought about by the greatest level of economic development.‎ ‎5．A good teacher never criticizes his or her pupils but uses praise to bring out their best.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．最后，我想说我在这里过得有多么愉快。‎ In_conclusion,_I'd like to say how much I enjoyed staying here.‎ ‎2．你日常生活中发生的事情会改变你看待世界和世间的人的方式。‎ Something that happens in your daily life will change the_way_you_look_at_the_world and the people in it.‎ ‎3．这将节省时间、减少你的工作量、帮助你的孩子们培养责任感。‎ This will save time, reduce your workload and help your children develop a_sense_of_responsibility.‎ ‎4．是六年前他第一次来中国的时候他才开始学习汉语的。‎ It was six years ago, when he came to China for_the_first_time,_that he began to learn Chinese.‎ Ⅲ.句型转换 ‎1．Neither this novel nor that one is interesting.‎ ‎→This novel is no_more_interesting_than that one.‎ ‎2．Tom overslept this morning. That is why he was late for work.‎ ‎→The_reason_why Tom was late for work is_that he overslept this morning.‎ ‎3．Can you work out a way? We can solve the problem in this way.‎ ‎→Can you work out a way that we can solve the problem?‎ ‎→Can you work out a way in_which we can solve the problem?‎ 提能一　用课文词汇写高分作文 position， equal， honesty， importance， stress， condition， contribution， resign， influential， justice ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①李华在一家大公司担任高级职务。‎ Li Hua held a senior position in a large company.‎ ‎②他胜任他的工作。‎ He was equal to his job.‎ ‎③在工作期间，他总是强调诚实和公正的重要性。‎ During his work he always stressed the importance of honesty and justice.‎ ‎④这使他成为公司里有影响的人物。‎ It made him become an influential figure in the company.‎ ‎⑤他的同事都认为他对公司的发展做出了极大的贡献。‎ All his workmates thought that he made great contributions to the development of the company.‎ ‎⑥几天前，他因身体不适而辞职。‎ He resigned several days ago because he was out_of_condition.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用who引导的非限制性定语从句连接句①和句②‎ Li_Hua,_who_held_a_senior_position_in_a_large_company,_was_equal_to_his_job.‎ ‎(2)用现在分词短语作结果状语连接句③和句④‎ During_his_work_he_always_stressed_the_importance_of_honesty_and_justice,_making_him_become_an_influential_figure_in_the_company.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：so, unfortunately)‎ Li Hua, who held a senior position in a large company, was equal to his job. During his work he always stressed the importance ‎ of honesty and justice, making him become an influential figure in the company. So all his workmates thought that he made great contributions to the development of the company. Unfortunately, he resigned several days ago because he was out of condition.‎ 提能二　用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——宾语从句中包含定语从句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are weaker than ourselves.‎ that引导宾语从句，在该宾语从句中包含了一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those。‎ 对于这份运送的工作而言，你会自觉地意识到在你手中的那个箱子里装着的很可能是挽救某人生命的东西。‎ 真题长难句 For this courier job, you're consciously aware that in that box you've got something that is potentially going to save somebody's life.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C)‎ that引导宾语从句，在该宾语从句中包含了一个由that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词something。‎ ‎“历史人物与古代发明”是高中新课程标准24个话题之一——“历史与地理”中的一个子话题，也是高考热点话题。提及此话题，你一定能够想起不少的历史人物与古代发明，其中也一定有你最喜爱的历史人物，你从他的人生经历中学到了什么？你最喜爱他的什么？对你的成长有哪些积极的影响？这些正是我们考生所应该思考的。纵观历年高考试题，此话题多在阅读理解、写作题型中考查。‎ 一、话题与语篇 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2017·浙江高考阅读A)　　[1]Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel's hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.‎ ‎[2]The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged (蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.‎ ‎[3]The_cat's_lot_was_about_to_improve. That year, one of Benjamin's cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings (版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first ‎ real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.‎ ‎[4]In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.‎ ‎[5]In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape (风景) painting. William Williams, a wellknown painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, “Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nineyearold boy decided then that he would be an artist.‎ ‎1．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．Benjamin's visit to Philadelphia.‎ B．Williams' influence on Benjamin.‎ C．The beginning of Benjamin's life as an artist.‎ D．The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.‎ ‎2．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?‎ A．The cat would be closely watched.‎ B．The cat would get some medical care.‎ C．Benjamin would leave his home shortly.‎ D．Benjamin would have real brushes soon.‎ ‎3．What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?‎ A．He took him to see painting exhibitions.‎ B．He provided him with painting materials.‎ C．He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.‎ D．He taught him how to make engravings.‎ ‎4．Williams' two books helped Benjamin to ________.‎ A．master the use of paints B．appreciate landscape paintings C．get to know other painters D．make up his mind to be a painter ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)这样读文 第1步：宏观把握文章大意 分层 抓关键句 概括层意 行文结构 第1～2段 第1段画波浪线部分 少年才华初显 本文按照时间顺序从本杰明·韦斯特在六岁时自制画笔作画写起，到后来得到堂兄赠送专业工具作画，再到知名画家送给本杰明书籍，讲述了本杰明·韦斯特是如何一步步走上艺术之路的。‎ 第3～4段 第3、4段画波浪线部分 堂兄帮助 第5段 第5段画波浪线部分 贵人相助，立志成才 第2步：微观突破理解障碍 ‎[自主翻译]　由于是个穷学生，本杰明只能读懂一点点。‎ ‎[自主翻译]　虽然他可能对这些书理解甚少，但它们却是他了解古典绘画的入门指导。‎ ‎(二)这样做题 ‎[名师解题]‎ ‎1．主旨大意题。选C　文章从本杰明·韦斯特在六岁时自制画笔作画写起，到后来利用专业工具作画，再到知名画家送给本杰明书籍，都是在讲述本杰明是如何一步步走上艺术之路的。故选C项。‎ ‎2．句意理解题。选D　根据第二段可知，本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是用猫的毛制作画笔的。画线句的字面意思是“猫的命运将会得到改善”。根据画线部分后的内容可知，本杰明的堂兄送给了他专业的颜料和画笔。由此可推知D项与画线部分的意思相符。‎ ‎3．细节理解题。选B　根据最后一段第一句“In the city, Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.”可知，为了更好地发展本杰明的绘画天赋，堂兄潘宁顿给了他很多帮助，提供了创作油画的材料，故选B项。‎ ‎4．推理判断题。选D　根据最后一段本杰明说的话以及“While it is likely that he understood ... The nineyearold boy decided then that he would be an artist.”可推知，威廉姆斯给本杰明的两本关于绘画的著作帮助本杰明打开了艺术之门，使他立志成为艺术家，故选D项。‎ ‎[阅读理解系列技法12]　了解设题方式，速解细节理解题 细节理解题的设题方式通常有：‎ ‎1．语意转换。细节理解题设题时为了避免出现原文中所用的词汇，常常使用一些同义词、近义词或反义词(双重否定)。因而在解题时要注意语意转换。‎ ‎2．设题顺序。一般来说，题序与其相关信息在文中的顺序一致，如某题的答案信息往往会在下一小题的答案信息之前。‎ ‎3．设题干扰项错误类型：‎ ‎①正误并存：部分正确，部分错误。‎ ‎②扩大或缩小范围：是原文信息，但不是题干要求。‎ ‎③偷换概念：符合常识，但不是题目要求的内容。‎ ‎④以偏概全：与原句的内容极其相似，但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩等细节上有变动。‎ ‎⑤无中生有：明显不是文章的信息，与文章事实不符或相反。‎ 下面我们以上文第3小题为例。根据题干“What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent？”可知此题考查潘宁顿为了帮助本杰明发展他的天赋做了什么。仔细查看选项，选项B中的“painting materials”与原文第五段中的“materials for creating oil paintings”为语意转换，即潘宁顿为本杰明提供了创作油画的材料，故选B。‎ ‎(三)这样积累 ‎1．last vt.　　　　　　　 足够维持(尤指某段时间)‎ ‎2．lot n. 许多；份额；命运 ‎3．companion n. 同伴；同甘共苦的伙伴 ‎4．showed talent for 展现出……的天赋 ‎5．be made from 由……制成 ‎6．be forced to do 被迫做某事 ‎7．be amazed at 对……表示惊讶 ‎8．be impressed with 对……有深刻的印象 二、话题与写作 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2016·北京高考)‎ 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：‎ ‎1．该人物是谁；‎ ‎2．该人物的主要贡献；‎ ‎3．该人物对你的影响。‎ 注意：1.词数不少于50；‎ ‎2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Jim，‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎[写作规范]　‎ 第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分 ‎1．收到某人来信　　　　 hear_from_‎ ‎2．对……感到骄傲 feel_proud of ‎3．关于；至于 as_for ‎4．引入；介绍 introduce ‎5．现代技术 modern_technologies ‎6．鼓舞；激励 inspire 第二步：列全要点、写对句子保基本分 ‎1．知道你对于中国历史有兴趣，我感到骄傲。‎ I feel_proud_of_knowing your interest in Chinese history.‎ ‎2．关于我最喜欢的中国历史人物，那肯定是魏源。‎ As_for_my_favorite_figure_in_Chinese_history,_it must be Wei Yuan. ‎ ‎3．他是清代晚期一位著名的思想家。‎ He_was_a_great_thinker in the late Qing Dynasty. ‎ ‎4．他把现代技术和观念引入中国。‎ He introduced_modern_technologies_and_ideas to China. ‎ ‎5．那让我们放眼看世界。‎ That_opened_our_eyes to the world.‎ ‎6．他激励着我在大学里专修英语，成为中国和世界进行沟通的桥梁。‎ He inspires_me_to_major_in_English_in_college,_ to be a ‎ bridge between China and the world.‎ 第三步：句式升级、打造亮点得高分 ‎1．把句3改为名词性短语，放于句2中作同位语 As_for_my_favorite_figure_in_Chinese_history,_it_must_be_Wei_Yuan,_a_great_thinker_in_the_late_Qing_Dynasty.‎ ‎2．把句5改为which引导的非限制性定语从句并和句4合并 He_introduced_modern_technologies_and_ideas_to_China，which_opened_our_eyes_to_the_world._‎ 第四步：过渡衔接、润色成文创满分 Dear Jim，‎ It's_great_to_hear_from_you._I_feel_proud_of_knowing_your_interest_in_Chinese_history.‎ As for my favorite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty. He, in his book, Haiguo Tuzhi (Maps and Records of the World)，introduced modern technologies and ideas to China. That opened our eyes to the world. In fact, he inspires me to major in English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world.‎ Interested_in_knowing_more?_I_can_find_you_some_books!_Just_let_me_know.‎ Cheers!‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Called “the man who shaped America” and “the father of modern industrial design”， Raymond Loewy must be one of the most influential designers of all time. He revolutionized the industry, working as an adviser for more than 200 companies and creating designs for everything from packaging to refrigerators, from cars to the insides of spaceships.‎ Loewy's designs all had one thing in common. They were shaped by the MAYA principle — Most Advanced Yet Acceptable. His idea was that people will not accept solutions to design problems if the solutions are too different from current designs.‎ Loewy started his career in industrial design in 1929 by redesigning a copying machine for the British manufacturer, Sigmund Gestetner. The 28yearold designer completed the task in three days and the design of the machine lasted for the next 40 years.‎ The Gestetner copying machine was the beginning of many designs which used streamlining (流线型). He described this as “beauty through function and simplification”. He spent the next 50 years streamlining everything from postage stamps and company logos (商标) to the insides of stores. The famous Greyhound bus and Studebaker car show his use of streamlining in action.‎ He is perhaps most famous for his redesign of the Lucky Strike ‎ packaging. In 1940, the President of the Lucky Strike Manufacturing Company, George Washington Hill, bet Loewy ＄50,000 that he could not improve the appearance of the green and red Lucky Strike packets. Loewy accepted the challenge. He changed the background of the packet from green to white. Then he put the red lucky strike target on both sides of the packet. This made it more eyecatching and greatly increased sales. It is now recognized as a design classic.‎ Loewy's logo design aimed at “visual retention (视觉保持)”. He wanted to make sure that anyone who saw the logo, even for a short while, would never forget it. He designed many highly visible logos for famous companies such as Shell Oil, Exxon, Greyhound and Nabisco.‎ By the mid 20th century, his industrial design firm was so famous that he could say “the average person, leading a normal life ... is bound to be in daily contact with some of the things, services or structures” designed by his firm.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了20世纪最著名的美国工业设计师之一与美国工业奠基人雷蒙德·罗维。‎ ‎1．Loewy's biggest influence was in ________.‎ A．completely changing the design industry B．successfully shaping Americans' taste C．changing people's idea about design D．building a professional design team 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the father of modern ‎ industrial design”和“one of the most influential designers of all time”以及“He revolutionized the industry”可知，雷蒙德·罗维完全改变了设计行业。‎ ‎2．Loewy's designs were based on the idea of ________.‎ A．speeding up the design process B．providing completely different designs C．providing most immediately recognizable designs D．offering original but not revolutionary answers to problems 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，罗维的设计都基于一个原则：最先进的但仍可接受的。‎ ‎3．Loewy first used streamlining ________.‎ A．in his redesign of the Lucky Strike packaging B．when he designed a company logo for the Gestetner C．when he redesigned a copying machine for Gestetner D．in his design for the Greyhound bus and Studebaker car 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The Gestetner copying machine was the beginning of many designs which used streamlining(流线型)．”可知，罗维受委托为一位企业家Sigmund Gestetner重新设计复印机，他首次采用“流线、简单化”的设计理念。‎ ‎4．What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ A．Loewy provided service to ordinary people.‎ B．Loewy's designs were famous and influential.‎ C．Loewy's design firms existed all over the world.‎ D．Loewy was welcomed and respected by the public.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，一个普通人每日都会接触雷蒙德·洛威公司的设计作品，由此可推知，雷蒙德·罗维公司的设计作品非常著名，而且极富影响力。‎ B In the state of Maryland, a girl was born into slavery in 1820. Her parents named her Araminta Harriet Ross. She was to become Harriet Tubman. She was one of about one million Africans in slavery in the United States.‎ From the age of five, Harriet Tubman's owners made her work very hard. First, she cared for the child of the farm owner. Then, she did hard work on large farms.‎ Although she could not read or write, Tubman learned from her parents to do what was right. Through her whole life, Tubman put herself in danger to help other people.‎ One such act changed her life when she was 13 years old. Because she helped another slave, her owner threw a piece of metal at her and it hit her on the head. She was badly hurt. For the rest of her life, Tubman's head wound caused problems for her.‎ When she was about 25 years old，Harriet married a free black ‎ man named John Tubman. But she was still a slave. Her life was so difficult that she decided to escape. She travelled for 145 kilometres, and finally crossed into the North. Tubman became a free woman.‎ But Tubman could not leave her family enslaved in the South. So she travelled back to help them escape as well. Then, she made many trips and guided about 300 slaves to freedom. Tubman also fought bravely in the American Civil War and in 1865 slavery was not allowed in the US.‎ Harriet Tubman died in 1913. Her memory brings hope to many people — especially to those who fight for justice. She encouraged people to never give up.‎ ‎“If you want a taste of freedom, keep going.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国杰出的黑人废奴主义运动家哈莉特·塔布曼的生平事迹。‎ ‎5．What do we know about Harriet Tubman?‎ A．She was born a slave.‎ B．She was born in Africa.‎ C．She was taken to the US by a slave trader.‎ D．She was sold to a farm owner when she was born.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a girl was born into slavery”可知，哈莉特·塔布曼出生于奴隶家庭，也就意味着她一出生就是奴隶。‎ ‎6．When she was 13 years old, Tubman ________.‎ A．planned to run away B．helped a slave escape C．fought bravely against her owner D．was seriously wounded in her head 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“when she was 13 years old”和“her owner threw a piece of metal at her and it hit her on the head. She was badly hurt”可知，塔布曼在13岁的时候，头部受到重创。‎ ‎7．We can infer from the text that Tubman was ________.‎ A．honest and friendly　　　　 B．strong and helpful C．lucky and careful D．clever and polite 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文中对塔布曼事迹的描述可知，作为奴隶的她受到非人的折磨，但她却凭借自己顽强的意志成功摆脱奴隶的身份，并且多次帮助其他奴隶获得了自由。由此可知，B项准确概括了塔布曼的品质特点。‎ ‎8．What would be the best title for the text?‎ A．Africans' Fight for Freedom B．Harriet Tubman: From Slave to Hero C．The History of Slavery in the United States D．The American Civil War: The North Against the South 解析：选B　标题归纳题。哈莉特·塔布曼出身奴隶，但她渴望自由，最终逃到美国北方，获取新生。不仅如此，她还帮助无数黑奴奔向自由，成为一名英雄。故B项为最佳标题。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 My dad died last year. He wasn't __1__， only aged sixtysix. You can probably __2__ the upset, the anger, the unexpected flood of __3__ that have filled the twelve months since then. What would I do without him? More importantly, I had to face up to the __4__ that, with him gone, I was the oldest in my family. The most fearful of all, I realized that there was no one between me and __5__. After his generation was gone, mine would be the next generation. It __6__ I had to be the grownup.‎ ‎ Although it was __7__， it brought another realization. All through my life my father had been stepping away from me — not in a neglectful (疏忽的) way, but in a way that kept me __8__. He told me when I took my first baby steps, he always held me. The next time I __9__， he stopped holding me. As I moved forward, he took a step back and I took another __10__！ In the swimming pool I swam towards the deep end. I felt __11__ in the knowledge that Dad was right in front. He __12__ as I completed the first round. He __13__ the seat of my bicycle until he thought I was __14__. And then, without me even __15__ it, he let go and stepped away.‎ When my own __16__ came along, he told me as a father, how I should __17__ them in his opinion. Then he backed away with the ‎ words, “But it's your __18__.”‎ Now, I'm a husband, a father, an uncle and a grandfather. I was all of that __19__ he died. He __20__ me to be a good man, like him.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了过世的父亲对作者的影响。‎ ‎1．A.sad B．bad C．sick D．old 解析：选D　根据本空后的“only aged sixtysix”可知，作者的父亲去世时还不算老。‎ ‎2．A.feel B．find C．imagine D．expect 解析：选C　根据本空后的“twelve months”可知，你完全可以想象到作者一年来的感受。‎ ‎3．A.tears B．words C．letters D．visitors 解析：选A　根据本空前的upset和anger可知，父亲去世后，作者整天以泪洗面。‎ ‎4．A.fact B．news C．possibility D．message 解析：选A　作者已经是这个家族中年龄最大的了，这是作者要面对的事实。‎ ‎5．A.trouble B．death C．nature D．danger 解析：选B　根据上句中的oldest和下句中的“After his generation was gone”可知，最让人作者感到恐惧的是，在他与死亡之间已经没有人了。作者父亲那一代人都已经去世了，马上就要轮到作者这一代人了。‎ ‎6．A.showed B．sensed C．proved D．meant 解析：选D　此句是对上句的解释，那就意味着作者不得不承担起一个成人的责任。‎ ‎7．A.difficult B．surprising C．fearful D．special 解析：选C　根据上文中的“The most fearful of all”可知，虽然有些恐惧，但是这些恐惧还让作者意识到了一些东西。‎ ‎8．A.going away B．looking out C．coming out D．moving forward 解析：选D　与上句中的“stepping away”构成对比，这并不是父亲不管作者，而是促使他奋勇向前。‎ ‎9．A.stopped B．fell C．tried D．worked 解析：选C　根据本空后的“As I moved forward”可知，作者再次尝试走路。‎ ‎10．A.step B．rest C．lead D．look 解析：选A　作者向前走时，父亲退后了一步，然后作者又向前迈了一步。‎ ‎11．A.hard B．safe C．nervous D．tired 解析：选B　根据本空后的“Dad was right in front”可知，作者知道父亲就在前面，所以他有了安全感。‎ ‎12．A.turned up B．came up C．gave in D．walked away 解析：选D　作者的父亲总是在作者学会某些东西后就退后了，所以当作者学会游泳时，作者的父亲在作者完成第一圈后就走开了。‎ ‎13．A.held B．fixed C．touched D．tested 解析：选A　根据下句中的“let go”可知，父亲一直抓着自行车车座，直到作者做好准备。‎ ‎14．A.relaxed B．comfortable C．ready D．careful 解析：选C　参见上题解析。‎ ‎15．A.telling B．allowing C．controlling D．realizing 解析：选D　父亲在作者后边，所以他松手时作者并不知道。‎ ‎16．A.ideas B．chances C．children D．friends 解析：选C　根据下文中的“as a father”可知，后来，作者也有了自己的孩子。‎ ‎17．A.raise B．believe C．help D．encourage 解析：选A　作者有了自己的孩子，父亲告诉他在他看来，他应该如何去教养他们。‎ ‎18．A.opinion B．decision C．concern D．hope 解析：选B　根据本空前的“back away”可知，父亲又退后一步说，如何教养他们是作者自己的事。‎ ‎19．A.until B．though ‎ C．because D．before 解析：选D　根据上句作者的角色判断，在父亲去世之前，作者已经做了丈夫、父亲、伯伯和爷爷。‎ ‎20．A.requested B．taught C．forced D．caused 解析：选B　根据上文父亲养育作者的过程和方式可知，父亲教会了他如何去做一个像他那样优秀的人。‎