高考英语一轮复习精讲学案：选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity

高考英语一轮复习精讲学案：选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity

Unit 1 A land of diversity Ⅰ.重要单词聚焦 ‎1． n．差别；区分；卓著 ‎2． n. 手段；方法 ‎3． n. 大多数；大半 ‎4． n. 苦难；困苦 ‎5． vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人 ‎6． n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣 ‎　 vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期 distinction means majority hardship elect boom ‎7． n. 地极；电极；磁极 ‎8． n. 申请人 ‎9． n. 海关；关税；进口税 ‎10． vi. 发生；出现 ‎11． n. 牛(总称)‎ ‎12． vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示 ‎13． n. 行李(〈美〉baggage)‎ ‎14． (shaved；shaved，shaven) vt.& vi.刮；剃 ‎15． adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的 ‎16． vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤 pole applicant customs occur cattle indicate luggage shave apparent slip n. 滑动；滑倒 ‎17． vt.& n. 租用；雇用 ‎18． adv. 无处；到处都无 ‎19． n. 处罚；惩罚 ‎20． n. 正义；公平 ‎21． vt.& vi. 改革；革新 ‎　 　　　n. 改革；改造；改良 ‎22． vt.& n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会 ‎23． adj. 感激的；感谢的 hire nowhere punishment justice reform grasp thankful Ⅱ.重点短语扫描 ‎1．live 继续存在；继续生存 ‎2．by of... 用……办法；借助……‎ ‎3．make a 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 ‎4．keep 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)‎ ‎5． up with 与……合作或一起工作 ‎6．mark 画线；标出……界线 ‎7．Take 包括；吸收 ‎8．a great/good 许多；很多 on means life up team out in ‎ many ‎9．apply 申请；请示得到 ‎10．in 另外 ‎11． one’s dream 实现梦想 ‎12． the view 欣赏风景 for addition achieve admire Ⅲ.课文原句突破 ‎1．Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.‎ ‎[信息提取]　by means of用某种办法，借助于某事物。‎ ‎[例句仿写]　思想可以借助于音乐来表达。‎ Thoughts can also________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎【答案】　be expressed by means of music ‎2．By the time California elected to become the thirtyfirst federal state of the USA in 1850，it was already a multicultural society.‎ ‎[信息提取]　by the time连词，意为“到……时”。‎ ‎[例句仿写]　当他14岁的时候，他就已经自学了数学。‎ ‎________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________he had learnt maths by himself.‎ ‎【答案】　By the time he was fourteen years old ‎3．However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.‎ ‎[信息提取]　It is likely that...有可能……。‎ ‎[例句仿写]　他有可能不参加会议 ‎________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________the meeting.‎ ‎【答案】　It is likely that he will not attend ‎4．It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.‎ ‎[信息提取]　It is believed that...人们相信……。‎ ‎[例句仿写]　人们相信辛勤工作就能成功。‎ ‎________ ________ ________ ________hard work can lead to success.‎ ‎【答案】　It is believed that means n．手段；方法 As is known to us，telephone is a useful means of communication.众所周知，电话是一种有用的通讯工具。‎ Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not very clear.为防止空气污染，每种可能的方法都已用过了，但天空仍然不清澈。‎ ‎(1)by means of 借用，依靠 We express our feelings by means of words.‎ 我们用语言来表达感情。‎ ‎(2)by no means＝not at all一点……也不 By no means am I satisfied with my present job.‎ 我对目前的工作一点也不满意。‎ ‎(3)by this means通过这种方式 You can do it by this means.你可以用这种办法去做。 ‎ ‎(4)by all means 可以，当然行，务必 ‎—May I use your bicycle?‎ 我可以用你的自行车吗？‎ ‎—By all means！当然可以！‎ ‎1．In many places in China，______bicycle is still________popular means of transportation.‎ A．a；the　　　　　　　　　B．/；a C．the；a D．the；the ‎【解析】　句意为：在中国的许多地方，自行车仍然是一种受欢迎的交通工具。“the＋单数名词”指的是整个类别，这个类别是可以区别于另外一个类别的。而popular means of transportation应该有很多种，自行车只是其中一种，故用不定冠词a。‎ ‎【答案】　C majority n．大多数；大半 He won the seat with a majority of 71 votes.‎ 他以71票的优势赢得了该席位。‎ A majority of people believe smoking is harmful to health.‎ 大多数人相信吸烟有害健康。‎ ‎(1)单独用做主语，谓语动词用单数、复数均可。‎ The majority were/was against the plan.‎ 大多数人反对这个计划。‎ ‎(2)单独用做主语，如果后面的表语是复数，那么谓语动词也用复数。‎ The majority who attended the meeting yesterday are students.‎ 昨天参加会议的大多数是学生。‎ The majority of the damage is easy to repair.‎ 这次的损失大部分容易补救。‎ ‎2．Don’t worry about the present situation in the world；________of people prefer peace to war.‎ A．the most B．the great part C．the majority D．the number ‎【答案】　C Occur ‎(1)vi.发生 I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred.‎ 我正沿街寻找停车点时，突然发生了事故。‎ Just then an idea occurred to me.‎ 就在那时，我想起了一个主意。‎ It occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child.‎ 她突然想她可能会收养一个无家可归的孩子。‎ Then a practical idea hit/struck/occurred to her!‎ 那时他突然想到一个切合实际的主意！‎ It suddenly struck me how we could improve the situation.‎ 我一下子明白我们如何改善局面了。‎ It suddenly occurred to me that we could use a computer to do the job.我突然想到我们可以用计算机来做这项工作。‎ ‎3．—Why are you so late?‎ ‎—I was in half the way when it________to me that I had left my notebook home，so I had to fetch it.‎ A．occurred B．hit C．happened D．reminded ‎【解析】　答语意为：走到半路时，我突然想起我把笔记本忘在家里了，因此我不得不回去取。It occurred to sb.为一固定句型，意为“某人突然想起”。‎ ‎【答案】　A keep up 坚持，维持，沿袭(风俗、传统等)‎ We sang as we marched to keep our spirits up.‎ 我们一面行进一面唱歌以保持高昂的情绪。‎ We should keep up our good traditions.‎ 我们应该沿袭我们的优良传统。‎ I hope the fine weather will keep up.‎ 我希望好天气能保持下去。‎ ‎(1)keep (on) doing sth.继续、重复做某事 ‎(2)keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 ‎(3)keep on继续 ‎(4)keep up with...跟上……，与……同步前进 She kept on working although she was tired.‎ 她虽疲劳但仍继续工作。‎ Dave couldn’t keep up with the rest of his class.‎ 德夫跟不上班里的其他同学。‎ Don’t give up；keep on trying.别放弃，继续努力。‎ ‎4．Would you slow down a bit，please？I can’t ________you.‎ A．keep up with B．put up with C．make up to D．hold on to ‎【解析】　keep up with意为赶得上，跟得上，不落后于，符合语境要求；put up with忍受；make up to讨好(某人)，奉承，接近；hold on to抓住不放，执著于……。句意为：请慢点儿走好吗？我跟不上你。‎ ‎【答案】　A ‎5．(2009年湖南岳阳模拟)In the face of all these difficulties，we’re not discouraged and our spirits________well.‎ A．keep up B．go up C．hold up D．pick up ‎【解析】　考查动词词组辨析。句意为：面对着所有的这些困难，我们没有气馁，而是继续保持斗志。keep up继续保持；go up上升；hold up支撑，耽搁；pick up捡起，接收。‎ ‎【答案】　A take in ‎(1)包括；包含 The tour takes in six European capitals.‎ 这次旅游包括六个欧洲国家的首都。‎ ‎(2)允许某人寄宿家中 She was homeless so we took her in.‎ 她无家可归，我们就收留了她。‎ ‎(3)欺骗(愚弄)某人 She took me in completely with her story.‎ 她用谎话把我完全蒙蔽了。‎ ‎(4)吸收，吸入(空气，水等)‎ Take in a deep breath深吸一口气 ‎(5)理解(吸收)所见所闻 I hope you’re taking in what I’m saying.‎ 我希望你能理解我说的话。‎ ‎6．(2007年辽宁卷)Don’t be________by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.‎ A．taken off B．taken out C．taken away D．taken in ‎【解析】　根据句意“不要被那些许诺能让你快速减肥的产品所欺骗”。take off拿去；取消；脱(衣帽)；飞机起飞；take out 拿出，取出；去掉，带……；take in接受；吸收；收容；领会；包含，欺骗；take away 拿走，夺去；使离去。‎ ‎【答案】　D a great/good many许多；很多 Tom found that there were a great/good many people already there.‎ 汤姆发现那儿已经有很多人了。‎ It seems that a great /good many of them are out of work now.‎ 似乎他们中的许多人现在失业了。‎ A great many of the flowers were white.‎ 那些花多数是白色的。‎ a good/great many后接复数名词，但a good/great many后接of时，必须加限定词，如these/those/the/one’s等，然后再加名词复数。‎ A good many of those students like this song.‎ 那些学生中有很多喜欢这首歌。‎ ‎7．________the houses were knocked down in the earthquake.‎ A．A great many B．The number of C．A great many of D．A great deal of ‎【解析】　名词前有the，these，those及my，your等物主代词时，a great many后要加of。‎ ‎【答案】　C apply for申请，请求 She applied for a job as an English teacher.‎ 她应聘英语教师的工作。‎ We had to apply to the government for financial help.‎ 我们只好向政府申请财务援助。‎ What you said doesn’t apply to me.你所说的并不适合我。‎ You can’t apply this rule to every case.‎ 这个规则并不能适用于所有的状况。‎ ‎(2)apply oneself to (doing) sth.专注于；专心做某事 He applied himself to learning English.他专心学英语。‎ ‎8．To travel to the United States，you must first apply________the American Embassy________your visa.‎ A．for；to B．to；for C．for；for D．to；to ‎【解析】　考查apply短语的用法。apply to sb.for sth.向某人申请某物。句意为：要去美国旅行，你要首先向美国大使馆申请签证。‎ ‎【答案】　B That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.‎ 这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。‎ 句中的why引导的为表语从句，注意以下句式区别 ‎(1)That’s why...这就是为什么……(why从句表示结果)‎ ‎(2)That’s because...这是因为……(because从句表示原因)‎ ‎(3)The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because ）‎ ‎①Tom came late for the meeting.That was because he was ill.‎ 汤姆开会迟到了，那是他病了。‎ ‎②Tom was ill.That was why he came late for the meeting.‎ 汤姆病了，那就是他开会迟到的原因。‎ ‎③The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill.汤姆开会迟到的原因是他病了。‎ ‎9．(2009年石家庄检测)Is this the reason________she explained in the report for her success in the job?‎ A．what B．that C．how D．why ‎【解析】　考查定语从句。因此处关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作宾语，故此处只能用that，which或省略。‎ ‎【答案】　B ‎10．The reason________death was feared was________no man could experience it twice.‎ A．why；that B．why；because C．why；why D．because；that ‎【解析】　句意为：人们之所以恐惧死亡，是因为无人能经历两次。‎ ‎【答案】　A However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.‎ 然而，可能美洲土著人至少一万五千年前就生活在加利福尼亚。‎ 本句式中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。‎ It is likely that...……是可能的，此句型可转化为：sb./sth.be likely to do...某人/物可能干某事。‎ She’s very likely to ring me tonight.‎ ‎＝It’s likely that she will ring me tonight.‎ 她今晚很可能给我打电话。‎ It is likely/that the weather will be fine.‎ ‎＝The weather is likely to be fine.天气可能会很晴朗。‎ ‎11．It is very________that，in many schools，the students are going to spend less time in doing homework than they used to.‎ A．possibly B．probably C．lovely D．likely ‎【解析】　句意为：在很多学校学生做作业的时间可能将比原来少。用it is likely that句型，其他三个词不用于这个结构。‎ ‎【答案】　D ‎12．(2010届唐山摸底考试)Since he was 67，it didn’t seem________that he would continue long in that position.‎ A．impossible B．necessary C．particular D．likely ‎【解析】　考查形容词。句意为：他已经67岁了，看起来不可能在那个职位上待很长时间了。A、B选项用于It’s impossible/important/necessary/unusual that...句型，that从句常用should＋动词原形，而非would＋动词原形。C项不符合题意，故选D。‎ ‎【答案】　D Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．All the________(行李) the passengers bring with them needs to be examined twice at the Liuting International Airport during the Beijing Olympic Games.‎ ‎【答案】　luggage ‎2．Many________(申请人) applied for the wellpaid job，but none of them were accepted by the company.‎ ‎【答案】　applicants ‎3．A high fever________(表明) that a person’s body is fighting disease.‎ ‎【答案】　indicates ‎4．It is________(显然的) from scientific studies that the drug produces severe side effects.‎ ‎【答案】　apparent ‎5．The old man________(滑倒) on the icy road and broke his leg.‎ ‎【答案】　slipped Ⅱ.选词填空 take in；by means of；make a life；the majority of；mark out ‎1．The actress rose to fame overnight__________________her perfect performance in the film.‎ ‎【答案】　by means of ‎2．________________________students were in favour of the suggestion that they go out for a picnic the next day.‎ ‎【答案】　The majority of ‎3．Please________________the mistakes I made in my composition.‎ ‎【答案】　mark out ‎4．The students found it easy to________________what their teacher had taught.‎ ‎【答案】　take in ‎5．The young men in the rural areas have to leave for big cities to________________________.‎ ‎【答案】　make a life Ⅲ.易错模块 ‎1．—Do you think we should put an ad in the paper for the lost child?‎ ‎—Yes，________.‎ A．that’s all right B．by all means C．it just depends D．never mind ‎【解析】　考查交际用语。A项表示“没关系”，相当于D项，用于回答别人的歉意，不合题意；B项表示“当然可以”，为正确选项；C项表示“看情况而定”，与前面的Yes矛盾。‎ ‎【答案】　B ‎2．The police looked into the case carefully and found the thief had entered the house________a ladder.‎ A．by the means B．by all means C．by ways of D．by means of ‎【解析】　考查介词短语辨析。by means of此处意为“凭借；以……方式”。‎ ‎【答案】　D ‎3．She couldn’t speak，but made her wishes known________sign.‎ A．by means of B．by any means C．by all means D．by no means ‎【解析】　句意为：她不能说话，但通过手语让别人了解了她的愿望。by means of sign在此意为“靠着/凭借手语”。‎ ‎【答案】　A ‎4．But by no means________with my progress.‎ A．the teacher is not satisfied B．is the teacher not satisfied C．the teacher is satisfied D．is the teacher satisfied ‎【解析】　by no means位于句首时，句子要用倒装语序，排除A、C；由but可知后一句表示否定，排除B。‎ ‎【答案】　D Ⅳ.语法专练 本单元语法—主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句 ‎1．(2010届宁夏银川一中月考)—You see，I’m poor in maths，you are not good at English，and...‎ ‎—That’s________we should help each other.‎ A．when B．where C．how D．what ‎【解析】　where引导表语从句。下句意为：这正是我们应该互相帮助的地方。其他选项不合题意。‎ ‎【答案】　B ‎2．(2010届江苏泰兴市期中调研)—Do you think it wise for Chinese mothers to try to do everything for their children?‎ ‎—No，that’s________they are mistaken.‎ A．where B．when C．so D．how ‎【解析】　考查表语从句。where引导表语从句，表示那就是她们的错误所在。‎ ‎【答案】　A ‎3．(2010届江苏南师附中学情分析样题)The health official said________12 suspected cases of influenza A (HINI) were tested negative and________，so far，this city has reported no case of the virus.‎ A．what；that B．that；what C．/；that D．that；/‎ ‎【解析】　分析句式结构可知，这个句子中含有两个并列的宾语从句，都由that引导，而两个或两个以上由that引导的宾语从句，只有第一个关系代词that可以省略。由此可知，C项正确。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎4．(2009年成都第二次诊断)While traveling in Sichuan，you can’t miss________people call “The National Treasure”—Giant Panda.‎ A．that B．it ‎ C．what D．which ‎【解析】　由语法知识可知，本题中的动词miss后接了一个宾语从句，又由于动词call后需要接双宾语，故选用what在该宾语从句中充当宾语从句中动词call的(直接)宾语。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎5．(2009年西城抽样)After ten years’absence she came back，only to find her old house was not________it used to be.‎ A．which B．what C．when D．how ‎【解析】　考查表语从句的引导词。从句子结构看，该词需要引导表语从句并充当该表语从句中be动词的表语，所以用what。what在此相当于the house that。‎ ‎【答案】　B