【英语】2019-2020学年二轮复习英语新考势突破检测：2-1-4阅读理解——主旨大意题作业

【英语】2019-2020学年二轮复习英语新考势突破检测：2-1-4阅读理解——主旨大意题作业

A ‎(2019年江西省名校高三联合考试)‎ Have you ever spent an afternoon in the backyard, maybe grilling or enjoying a basketball game, when suddenly you notice that everything goes quiet? There is an old phrase “calm before the storm”， often used in a situation—a quiet period just before a great activity or excitement.According to our own experience, we know there is actually calm before the storm.But what causes this calm? And is it always calm before the storm?‎ A period of calm happens in a particular kind of storm, the simplest kind of storm—a singlecell thunderstorm.In this type of thunderstorm, there is usually only one main stream of current, which is warm, damp air and drawn from places near the ground.Storms need warm and damp air as fuel, so they typically draw that air in from surrounding ‎ environment.Storms can draw in the air that fit their need from all directions—even from the direction in which the storm is traveling.‎ As the warm, damp air is pulled into a storm system, it leaves a lowpressure vacuum(真空) coming after.The rising air meets the cold dry air that has already existed in the storm clouds, thus the temperature of the warm, damp air drops, and the water vapor in it changes into tiny drops ‎ that are a precondition of rain.These drops accumulate and build on larger particles(颗粒) like dust, until they grow large enough to form raindrops.‎ This warm, damp air keeps moving upwards, but it becomes cooler and drier during its trip through cloud.When it reaches the top of the cloud, the air is squeezed out at the top.This air is sent rolling out over the big thunderclouds.From there, the air goes down.Warm and dry air is relatively stable, and once it covers a region, that air, in turn, causes the calm before a storm.‎ Most thunderstorms, though, don't start with calm.That's because most are actually groups of storms with complex wind patterns.There's so much air moving up and down storm groups that the calm before the storm never happens.Instead, before the storm, it might be really windy!‎ ‎1．Which best fits the description of a particular kind of storm?‎ A．A thunderstorm with a single shape.‎ B．A thunderstorm without strong winds.‎ C．A storm with air drawn from every direction.‎ D．A storm fueled by moving air from the ground.‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A．Warm and wet air.‎ B．Warm and dry air.‎ C．Cold and wet air.‎ D．Cold and dry air.‎ ‎3．Which does the writer most likely agree to?‎ A．Presence of the calm relies on stable air.‎ B．All thunderstorms don't start with the calm.‎ C．The drier the air is, the bigger the storm will be.‎ D．Storm happens without air moving up and down.‎ ‎4．What is the passage mainly about?‎ A．A brief introduction of a peaceful storm.‎ B．A personal experience of a heavy storm.‎ C．An explanation of the calm before a storm.‎ D．An analysis of causes and effects of a storm.‎ 答案与解析 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，解释了暴风雨来临前的平静的原因，并指出并非所有的暴风雨都始于平静。‎ ‎1．D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In this type of thunderstorm, there is usually only one main stream of current, which is warm, damp air and drawn from places near the ground.”可知，在这种类型的雷暴中，通常只有一股主要气流，‎ 那就是来自地面附近温暖潮湿的空气，由此可知，特殊的雷暴是指由地面移动的空气推动的风暴，故D项正确。‎ ‎2．A　代词指代题。根据画线词前的“The rising air meets the cold dry air that has already existed in the storm clouds, thus the temperature of the warm, damp air drops”可知，上升的空气与干冷空气相遇，因此温暖潮湿的空气的温度下降，其中的水蒸气变成微小的水滴，这是下雨的先决条件，由此可知画线词指的是前面提到的温暖潮湿的空气，故A项正确。‎ ‎3．B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Most thunderstorms, though, don't start with calm.”可知，然而，大多数雷暴并非始于平静，由此可知，并非所有的暴风雨都始于平静，故B项正确。‎ ‎4．C　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“But what causes this calm? And is it always calm before the storm？”可知，本文主要解释了暴风雨来临前的平静的原因，故C项正确。‎ B ‎(2019年高考·北京卷)‎ By the end of the century，if not sooner，the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study.‎ At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine ‎ microorganisms(海洋微生物)called phytoplankton.Because of the way light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface.Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton.Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots，leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.‎ Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)into the ocean while giving off oxygen.When these organisms die，they bury carbon in the deep ocean，an important process that helps to regulate the global climate.But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend.Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients.‎ Stephanie Dutkiewicz，a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science，built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century.In a world that warms up by 3℃，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer.But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn ‎ greener.“Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing.”she said，“but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”‎ And why does that matter？Phytoplankton are the base of the food web.If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean，Dutkiewicz said，“it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.”Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.‎ Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable，but they could mean significant changes.“It'll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change，”Dutkiewicz said，“but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”‎ ‎1．What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?‎ A．The various patterns at the ocean surface.‎ B．The cause of the changes in ocean colour.‎ C．The way light reflects off marine organisms.‎ D．The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word“vulnerable”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?‎ A．Sensitive. B．Beneficial.‎ C．Significant. D．Unnoticeable.‎ ‎3．What can we learn from the passage?‎ A．Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.‎ B．Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes.‎ C．Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.‎ D．Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.‎ ‎4．What is the main purpose of the passage?‎ A．To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.‎ B．To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.‎ C．To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.‎ D．To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.‎ 答案与解析 文章大意：本文为说明文。一项最新研究表明，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象是因为一种叫作浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因为光线反射的作用，它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并影响浮游植物的生长。‎ ‎1．B　段落大意题。第一段“By the end of the century.If not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming ‎ climate, according to a new study.”可知，到本世纪末，一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。结合第二段中的“At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物) called phytoplankton.Because of the way light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface.Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration”可知，这种现象的核心是一种叫作浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因。分析选项可知B符合题意，故选B。‎ ‎2．A　词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunligh and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.”可知，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可判断“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend.”浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。可知A项正确。‎ ‎3．D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer.But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic, a warming will ‎ make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener.”，可知Dutkiewicz的模型预测，目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。但是在一些水域，比如北极，气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，而这些水域会变得更绿了”。由此可推断，浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，浮游动植物就更多了，这些水域会变得更绿了。分析选项可知D项符合题意。‎ ‎4．C　主旨大意题。第一段提出文章的主旨“By the end of the century，if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.”可知到本世纪末，一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。再结合第三段中的“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend.Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, ...”可知，“浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趋势的影响，变暖改变了海洋的关键特征，并能影响浮游植物的生长”。可知本文主要解释气候变化对海洋及其植物的影响。故选C。‎