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2020届一轮复习人教版必修一unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero单元知识点学案
基础知识默写(学生用书233~234页) 1.active adj.积极的;活跃的 activity n.活动 2.self n.自我;自身 selfish adj.自私的 selfless adj.无私的;忘我的 3.devote vt.献身;专心于 devoted adj.忠实的;深爱的 4.found vt.建立;建设 5.peaceful adj.和平的;平静的;安宁的 peace n.和平 6.vote vt.&vi.投票;选举n.投票;选票;表决 7.attack vt.进攻;攻击;抨击 8.violence n.暴力;暴行 violent adj.暴力的 9.equal adj.相等的;平等的 equality n.同等;平等 10.willing adj.乐意的;自愿的 11.escape vi.&vt.逃脱;逃走;避开vi.(气体、液体等)泄漏 12.educate vt.教育;训练 educated adj.受过教育的;有教养的 education n.教育 13.reward n.报酬;奖金vt.酬劳;奖赏 rewarding adj.值得的;有报酬的 14.president n.总统;会长;校长;行长 15.opinion n.意见;看法;主张 16.quality n.质量;品质;性质 17.mean adj.吝啬的;自私的;卑鄙的 18.generous adj.慷慨的;大方的 19.principle n.法则;原则;原理 20.cruelty n.残忍;残酷 cruel adj.残忍的 21.legal adj.法律的;依照法律的 illegal adj.非法的 22.league n.联盟;同盟;联合会 23.stage n.舞台;阶段;时期 24.blanket n.毯子;毛毯 25.relative n.亲戚;亲属 26.guidance n.指导;领导 guide v.指导;指示n.导游;指导者 27.sentence vt.判决;宣判 28.out of work失业 29.as a matter of fact/in fact事实上 30.blow up使充气;爆炸 31.in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中 32.turn to求助于;致力于 33.lose heart丧失勇气或信心 34.come to power当权;上台 35.set up设立;建立;搭起 36.be sentenced to被判处……(徒刑) 37.in one’s opinion在某人看来 38.He was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969. 1969年7月,他成为第一个登上月球的人。 39....until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. ……直到今天我们到了几乎没有任何权利的地步。 40.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次给旅行团作讲解时,我感觉很糟。 基础知识夯实 Ⅰ.语境填词 1.I’ll give my vote (选票) to the man in whom I have faith. 2.In ancient times,a devil called “Nian” that lived under the sea would attack(攻击) people once a year on the eve of the New Year. 3.The prisoner escaped (逃跑) through a hole in the wall last night. 4.By the time Kenny, 16,reached his third year of high school,he had become vice president(会长) of his school’s cooking club. 5.My mum is a volunteer in a hospital. She brings dinner every Sunday to the people attending to their relatives (亲属) who are in hospital. 6.The next morning,I received a call from the mother,saying that they couldn’t express how much my generous (慷慨的) act touched them. 7.The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality(质量).(2018·全国Ⅱ) 8.It is illegal (legal) to sell tobacco to someone under 16. 9.Without your guidance (guide) and encouragement,we couldn’t have made such great progress. 10.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and were too violent (violence) for use at the table.(2016·全国Ⅲ) 11.Women have yet to achieve full equality (equal) with men in the workplace. 12.When asked for his views about his teaching job,Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding (reward). 13.We are aiming to build a peaceful (peace) school. I think it is every student’s duty to work hard to achieve this goal. 14.Although she is an educated (educate) woman,I often hear her say bad words. 15.With my overall energy devoted (devote) to revision,I have no time to surf the Internet. Ⅱ.选词成篇 The situation has become worse and worse since the new government 1.came to power. I am 2.out of work. I don’t know whom to 3.turn to. I thought of my head teacher one day,who always encouraged us not to 4.lose heart and be hopeful about the future when we were 5.in trouble. Last year,Tom 6.was sentenced to death for 7.blowing up a chemical factory which had just been 8.set up. 9.As a matter of fact,Tom was once a good person and 10.willing to help others but he was also a victim,because the chemical factory gave off a large amount of poisonous substances, which affected him greatly. 11.In my opinion,every one of us should be responsible for our own actions. Ⅲ.完成句子 1.The first time I went there,they were living in a small house with dogs,ducks,and other animals.(the first time)(2018·全国Ⅰ) 我第一次去那里时,他们和狗、鸭子和其他动物住在一个小房子里。 2.He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award. (the first...to do)(2018·全国Ⅲ) 他是第一个获得这个奖项的中国公民。 3.We have reached a stage where we must take effective measures to protect the environment.(where) 我们到了这样一个阶段:必须采取有效措施来保护环境。 4.The last five years saw the rapid development in the Internet.(see) 过去的五年见证了互联网的迅速发展。 1.后缀ance高频名词大集合 (1)guidance n.指导;领导 (2)performance n.表演;履行 (3)appearance n.外表;出现 (4)assistance n.帮助 (5)significance n.重要;重要性 2.“人物性格特点”的反义形容词词对 (1)mean吝啬的→generous慷慨的 (2)selfish自私的→selfless无私的 (3)inferior自卑的→superior高傲的 3.lose短语归纳 (1)lose heart丧失信心 (2)lose face丢脸 (3)lose control失去控制 (4)lose touch失去联系 (5)lose oneself失去自我 4.“out of+n.”短语小结 (1)out of work失业 (2)out of mind心不在焉 (3)out of sight看不见 (4)out of order有毛病;出故障 (5)out of breath上气不接下气 (1)devote...to...把……致力于……,专心于…… devote oneself to献身于;致力于 (2)devoted adj.挚爱的;忠实的,忠诚的 be devoted to致力于;献身于;热爱…… (3)devotion n.奉献;关照;忠诚 (1)Most children long for and need a loving,devoted(devote) and responsible father. (2018·黑龙江哈尔滨三中二模) (2)Only when we realize the importance of helping each other can we be devoted to building(build) a harmonious society. [句式升级] (3)He devoted himself to community activities and was praised by the people around. ①Devoting himself to community activities,he was praised by the people around.(用现在分词短语作状语改写) ②Devoted to community activities,he was praised by the people around.(用过去分词短语作状语改写) vote v.投票,选举,表决;提议 n.选票;投票;表决 (1)vote sb.sth.选出/推举某人担任某职务;表决为某人提供某物 vote for投票赞成 vote against投票反对 vote on就……投票表决 (2)put sth.to the vote把某事交付表决 (1)For example,a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for(投票赞成) him might say that heal one can save the country from a terrible war. (2)Fearing that most of the citizens voted against(投票反对) him,he wore a smile. (3)We had no choice but to put it to the vote(只好投票表决). equal adj.相等的;平等的;相当的;能胜任的 n.同等的人;相等物 v.与……相等,等于;比得上 (1)be equal in在……方面比得上 be equal to sth./doing sth.等于……;与……相等;胜任…… (2)be without equal/have no equal无与伦比 (3)equally adv.相等地;同样地 equality n.平等 (1)Leaving aside the birthrate is sue,India’s economy may take off when the country achieves equality(equal) of educational opportunity. (2)He is equal to Tom in ability. (3)In fact,when it comes to the art of war,ants have no equal/are without equal(无与伦比). [联想发散] 表示“胜任……”的其他短语: be fit for,be up to,be qualified for,be adequate to escape v.逃脱;逃避;被遗忘;(气体、液体等)泄漏 n.逃脱;逃避;漏出 (1)escape from从……逃脱;逃避…… escape doing/being done逃避(被)做某事 (2)a narrow escape九死一生 [写出下列句子中escape的汉语意思] (1)I’m sorry,but your name escapes me.被遗忘;被忽略 (2)How will we know if there’s any gas escaping?流出;泄漏 (3)The cinema allowed people to escape from the depressing realities of their lives.逃避 (4)Three people died in the fire,but John escaped through the bedroom window.逃脱 [一句多译] (5)你很幸运逃脱了惩罚。 ①You are lucky to escape punishment. ②You are lucky to escape being punished. 易错点拨 注意下面两个短语的区别: escape from prison越狱;escape prison逃过牢狱之灾 reward v.酬谢;奖励,奖赏 n.奖金;回报;报酬 (1)reward sb.for (doing) sth.因(做)某事而奖赏/酬谢某人 reward sb.with sth.用某物奖赏/回报某人 (2)in reward for为奖赏……;为报答…… as a reward for作为对……的奖赏/回报 (3)rewarding adj.值得的;有益的;有意义的 (1)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.(2016·北京) 学生们一直努力学习功课,他们的付出最终会获得成功的。 (2)I’d like to do something in reward for/as a reward for her kindness.我想做点什么来报答她的好意。 (3)Travelling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding(reward) experience. (2018·北京) 沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣而有益的经历。 turn down调低;拒绝 turn away拒绝……入内;把……打发走 turn up出现;露面;调大 turn out证明是;结果是;生产;赶走 turn over打翻;移交 [写出下列句子中turn to的汉语意思] (1)At last,I will be on my own,but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help.(2016·全国Ⅲ)求助于 (2)It is time he turned his mind to more serious problems.转向 (3)Let’s turn to more important matters now.开始考虑;开始讨论 (4)Don’t always turn to the dictionary when you come to a new word.查阅 lose one’s heart to爱上;喜欢上 by heart凭记忆;能背诵 heart and soul全心全意地 eat/tear one’s heart out为某事暗自伤神;忧伤 (1)We should not lose heart in face of difficulties. If we work hard,we will find a way out. (2016·天津) 我们不应在困难面前丧失信心。只要我们努力,就会找到出路。 (2)The children can repeat the poem they’ve just learnt by heart. 这些孩子能背诵他们刚学过的诗歌。 He was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969.1969年7月,他成为第一个登上月球的人。 (1)当被修饰成分前有序数词或形容词的最高级及the only,the very修饰时,常用不定式作定语。 (2)to come将来的;to spare剩余的。这两个短语常放在时间名词后面作后置定语。 (3)作定语的动词如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。 (1)He is always the first one to get(get) to school every day. (2)I caught the bus with only a few seconds to spare. 我在离开车只剩数秒时赶上了公交车。 (3)At present,I have a comfortable house to live in. 目前,我有一所舒适的房子居住。 引导时间状语从句的词语还有: (1)each/every time每次……的时候 next time下次……时 any time任何时候 last time上次……时 by the time到……为止 (2)the moment,the minute,the second,the instant,immediately,instantly,directly,hardly...when...,no sooner...than...一……就…… (1)The first time I interviewed him(我第一次采访他时),he looked a bit nervous. (2)By the time he was12(到他12岁为止),Einstein had learned advanced mathematics by himself. 易错点拨 for the first time是介词短语,在句中只能作状语,不能用来引导时间状语从句。 I don’t remember the exact date I met Marty for the first time.我不记得我第一次见到马蒂的确切日期。 查看更多