2020届一轮复习人教版必修一unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero单元知识点学案

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2020届一轮复习人教版必修一unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero单元知识点学案

基础知识默写(学生用书233~234页)‎ ‎1.active adj.积极的;活跃的 ‎ activity n.活动 ‎2.self n.自我;自身 selfish adj.自私的 selfless adj.无私的;忘我的 ‎3.devote vt.献身;专心于 devoted adj.忠实的;深爱的 ‎4.found vt.建立;建设 ‎5.peaceful adj.和平的;平静的;安宁的 peace n.和平 ‎6.vote vt.&vi.投票;选举n.投票;选票;表决 ‎7.attack vt.进攻;攻击;抨击 ‎8.violence n.暴力;暴行 violent adj.暴力的 ‎9.equal adj.相等的;平等的 equality n.同等;平等 ‎10.willing adj.乐意的;自愿的 ‎11.escape vi.&vt.逃脱;逃走;避开vi.(气体、液体等)泄漏 ‎12.educate vt.教育;训练 educated adj.受过教育的;有教养的 education n.教育 ‎13.reward n.报酬;奖金vt.酬劳;奖赏 rewarding adj.值得的;有报酬的 ‎14.president n.总统;会长;校长;行长 ‎15.opinion n.意见;看法;主张 ‎16.quality n.质量;品质;性质 ‎17.mean adj.吝啬的;自私的;卑鄙的 ‎18.generous adj.慷慨的;大方的 ‎19.principle n.法则;原则;原理 ‎20.cruelty n.残忍;残酷 cruel adj.残忍的 ‎21.legal adj.法律的;依照法律的 illegal adj.非法的 ‎22.league n.联盟;同盟;联合会 ‎23.stage n.舞台;阶段;时期 ‎24.blanket n.毯子;毛毯 ‎25.relative n.亲戚;亲属 ‎26.guidance n.指导;领导 guide v.指导;指示n.导游;指导者 ‎27.sentence vt.判决;宣判 ‎28.out of work失业 ‎29.as a matter of fact/in fact事实上 ‎30.blow up使充气;爆炸 ‎31.in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中 ‎32.turn to求助于;致力于 ‎33.lose heart丧失勇气或信心 ‎34.come to power当权;上台 ‎35.set up设立;建立;搭起 ‎36.be sentenced to被判处……(徒刑)‎ ‎37.in one’s opinion在某人看来 ‎38.He was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969. 1969年7月,他成为第一个登上月球的人。‎ ‎39....until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.‎ ‎……直到今天我们到了几乎没有任何权利的地步。‎ ‎40.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.‎ 第一次给旅行团作讲解时,我感觉很糟。‎ 基础知识夯实 Ⅰ.语境填词 ‎1.I’ll give my vote (选票) to the man in whom I have faith.‎ ‎2.In ancient times,a devil called “Nian” that lived under the sea would attack(攻击) people once a year on the eve of the New Year.‎ ‎3.The prisoner escaped (逃跑) through a hole in the wall last night.‎ ‎4.By the time Kenny, 16,reached his third year of high school,he had become vice president(会长) of his school’s cooking club.‎ ‎5.My mum is a volunteer in a hospital. She brings dinner every Sunday to the people attending to their relatives (亲属) who are in hospital.‎ ‎6.The next morning,I received a call from the mother,saying that they couldn’t express how much my generous (慷慨的) act touched them.‎ ‎7.The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality(质量).(2018·全国Ⅱ)‎ ‎8.It is illegal (legal) to sell tobacco to someone under 16.‎ ‎9.Without your guidance (guide) and encouragement,we couldn’t have made such great progress.‎ ‎10.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and were too violent (violence) for use at the table.(2016·全国Ⅲ)‎ ‎11.Women have yet to achieve full equality (equal) with men in the workplace.‎ ‎12.When asked for his views about his teaching job,Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding (reward).‎ ‎13.We are aiming to build a peaceful (peace) school. I think it is every student’s duty to work hard to achieve this goal.‎ ‎14.Although she is an educated (educate) woman,I often hear her say bad words.‎ ‎15.With my overall energy devoted (devote) to revision,I have no time to surf the Internet.‎ Ⅱ.选词成篇 The situation has become worse and worse since the new government 1.came to power. I am 2.out of work. I don’t know whom to 3.turn to. I thought of my head teacher one day,who always encouraged us not to 4.lose heart and be hopeful about the future when we were 5.in trouble.‎ Last year,Tom 6.was sentenced to death for 7.blowing up a chemical factory which had just been 8.set up. 9.As a matter of fact,Tom was once a good person and 10.willing to help others but he was also a victim,because the chemical factory gave off a large amount of poisonous substances,‎ which affected him greatly. 11.In my opinion,every one of us should be responsible for our own actions.‎ Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎1.The first time I went there,they were living in a small house with dogs,ducks,and other animals.(the first time)(2018·全国Ⅰ)‎ 我第一次去那里时,他们和狗、鸭子和其他动物住在一个小房子里。‎ ‎2.He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award. (the first...to do)(2018·全国Ⅲ)‎ 他是第一个获得这个奖项的中国公民。‎ ‎3.We have reached a stage where we must take effective measures to protect the environment.(where)‎ 我们到了这样一个阶段:必须采取有效措施来保护环境。‎ ‎4.The last five years saw the rapid development in the Internet.(see)‎ 过去的五年见证了互联网的迅速发展。‎ ‎1.后缀ance高频名词大集合 ‎(1)guidance n.指导;领导 ‎(2)performance n.表演;履行 ‎(3)appearance n.外表;出现 ‎(4)assistance n.帮助 ‎(5)significance n.重要;重要性 ‎2.“人物性格特点”的反义形容词词对 ‎(1)mean吝啬的→generous慷慨的 ‎(2)selfish自私的→selfless无私的 ‎(3)inferior自卑的→superior高傲的 ‎3.lose短语归纳 ‎(1)lose heart丧失信心 ‎(2)lose face丢脸 ‎(3)lose control失去控制 ‎(4)lose touch失去联系 ‎(5)lose oneself失去自我 ‎4.“out of+n.”短语小结 ‎(1)out of work失业 ‎(2)out of mind心不在焉 ‎(3)out of sight看不见 ‎(4)out of order有毛病;出故障 ‎(5)out of breath上气不接下气 ‎(1)devote...to...把……致力于……,专心于……‎ devote oneself to献身于;致力于 ‎(2)devoted adj.挚爱的;忠实的,忠诚的 be devoted to致力于;献身于;热爱……‎ ‎(3)devotion n.奉献;关照;忠诚 ‎(1)Most children long for and need a loving,devoted(devote) and responsible father.‎ ‎(2018·黑龙江哈尔滨三中二模)‎ ‎(2)Only when we realize the importance of helping each other can we be devoted to building(build) a harmonious society.‎ ‎[句式升级]‎ ‎(3)He devoted himself to community activities and was praised by the people around.‎ ‎①Devoting himself to community activities,he was praised by the people around.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)‎ ‎②Devoted to community activities,he was praised by the people around.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)‎ vote v.投票,选举,表决;提议 n.选票;投票;表决 ‎(1)vote sb.sth.选出/推举某人担任某职务;表决为某人提供某物 vote for投票赞成 vote against投票反对 vote on就……投票表决 ‎(2)put sth.to the vote把某事交付表决 ‎(1)For example,a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for(投票赞成) him might say that heal one can save the country from a terrible war.‎ ‎(2)Fearing that most of the citizens voted against(投票反对) him,he wore a smile.‎ ‎(3)We had no choice but to put it to the vote(只好投票表决).‎ equal adj.相等的;平等的;相当的;能胜任的 n.同等的人;相等物 v.与……相等,等于;比得上 ‎(1)be equal in在……方面比得上 be equal to sth./doing sth.等于……;与……相等;胜任……‎ ‎(2)be without equal/have no equal无与伦比 ‎(3)equally adv.相等地;同样地 equality n.平等 ‎(1)Leaving aside the birthrate is sue,India’s economy may take off when the country achieves equality(equal) of educational opportunity.‎ ‎(2)He is equal to Tom in ability.‎ ‎(3)In fact,when it comes to the art of war,ants have no equal/are without equal(无与伦比).‎ ‎[联想发散] 表示“胜任……”的其他短语:‎ be fit for,be up to,be qualified for,be adequate to escape v.逃脱;逃避;被遗忘;(气体、液体等)泄漏 n.逃脱;逃避;漏出 ‎(1)escape from从……逃脱;逃避……‎ escape doing/being done逃避(被)做某事 ‎(2)a narrow escape九死一生 ‎[写出下列句子中escape的汉语意思]‎ ‎(1)I’m sorry,but your name escapes me.被遗忘;被忽略 ‎(2)How will we know if there’s any gas escaping?流出;泄漏 ‎(3)The cinema allowed people to escape from the depressing realities of their lives.逃避 ‎(4)Three people died in the fire,but John escaped through the bedroom window.逃脱 ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(5)你很幸运逃脱了惩罚。‎ ‎①You are lucky to escape punishment.‎ ‎②You are lucky to escape being punished.‎ 易错点拨 注意下面两个短语的区别:‎ escape from prison越狱;escape prison逃过牢狱之灾 reward v.酬谢;奖励,奖赏 n.奖金;回报;报酬 ‎(1)reward sb.for (doing) sth.因(做)某事而奖赏/酬谢某人 reward sb.with sth.用某物奖赏/回报某人 ‎(2)in reward for为奖赏……;为报答……‎ as a reward for作为对……的奖赏/回报 ‎(3)rewarding adj.值得的;有益的;有意义的 ‎(1)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.(2016·北京)‎ 学生们一直努力学习功课,他们的付出最终会获得成功的。‎ ‎(2)I’d like to do something in reward for/as a reward for her kindness.我想做点什么来报答她的好意。‎ ‎(3)Travelling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding(reward) experience.‎ ‎(2018·北京)‎ 沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣而有益的经历。‎ turn down调低;拒绝 turn away拒绝……入内;把……打发走 turn up出现;露面;调大 turn out证明是;结果是;生产;赶走 turn over打翻;移交 ‎[写出下列句子中turn to的汉语意思]‎ ‎(1)At last,I will be on my own,but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help.(2016·全国Ⅲ)求助于 ‎(2)It is time he turned his mind to more serious problems.转向 ‎(3)Let’s turn to more important matters now.开始考虑;开始讨论 ‎(4)Don’t always turn to the dictionary when you come to a new word.查阅 lose one’s heart to爱上;喜欢上 by heart凭记忆;能背诵 heart and soul全心全意地 eat/tear one’s heart out为某事暗自伤神;忧伤 ‎(1)We should not lose heart in face of difficulties. If we work hard,we will find a way out.‎ ‎(2016·天津)‎ 我们不应在困难面前丧失信心。只要我们努力,就会找到出路。‎ ‎(2)The children can repeat the poem they’ve just learnt by heart.‎ 这些孩子能背诵他们刚学过的诗歌。‎ He was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969.1969年7月,他成为第一个登上月球的人。‎ ‎(1)当被修饰成分前有序数词或形容词的最高级及the only,the very修饰时,常用不定式作定语。‎ ‎(2)to come将来的;to spare剩余的。这两个短语常放在时间名词后面作后置定语。‎ ‎(3)作定语的动词如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。‎ ‎(1)He is always the first one to get(get) to school every day.‎ ‎(2)I caught the bus with only a few seconds to spare.‎ 我在离开车只剩数秒时赶上了公交车。‎ ‎(3)At present,I have a comfortable house to live in.‎ 目前,我有一所舒适的房子居住。‎ 引导时间状语从句的词语还有:‎ ‎(1)each/every time每次……的时候 next time下次……时 any time任何时候 last time上次……时 by the time到……为止 ‎(2)the moment,the minute,the second,the instant,immediately,instantly,directly,hardly...when...,no sooner...than...一……就……‎ ‎(1)The first time I interviewed him(我第一次采访他时),he looked a bit nervous.‎ ‎(2)By the time he was12(到他12岁为止),Einstein had learned advanced mathematics by himself.‎ 易错点拨 for the first time是介词短语,在句中只能作状语,不能用来引导时间状语从句。‎ I don’t remember the exact date I met Marty for the first time.我不记得我第一次见到马蒂的确切日期。‎ ‎ ‎
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