【备考2019】英语3年中考2年模拟专题复习学案第十二讲 被动语态 原卷(1)

【备考2019】英语3年中考2年模拟专题复习学案第十二讲 被动语态 原卷(1)

‎ ‎ ‎【备考2019】英语3年中考2年模拟专题复习学案第十二讲 被动语态 原卷 考点分析 ‎ 被动语态是历年来中考的考点之一。在备考被动语态时，我们一定要彻底地弄明白，英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念;而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。被动语态的考题一般出现在单线选择、完型填空和句型转换中。‎ 知识梳理 ‎ ‎ 一、被动语态概述 思维导图记知识点 ‎ ‎ 一、语态概述 ‎　　英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many people speak English.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。‎ ‎　　主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念;而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句)The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)‎ 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。‎ ‎　　一般现在时：am/is/are+taught ‎　　一般过去时：was/were+taught ‎　　一般将来时：will/shall be+taught ‎　　现在进行时：am/is/are being+taught ‎　　过去进行时：have/has been+taught ‎　　现在完成时：have/has been+taught 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。　‎ 三、被动语态的用法 ‎(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。‎ 例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)‎ ‎(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。‎ 例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。‎ This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。‎ 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要;动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。‎ 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 ‎(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。‎ ‎(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)‎ ‎(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：‎ ‎ ‎ ‎　　All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people.‎ ‎　　They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made?by them?in the factory.‎ 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。‎ 五、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。‎ 歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。例如：‎ We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days.‎ You ought to take it away. It ought to be taken away.‎ ‎(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。‎ 六、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题：‎ ‎①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。‎ 如：His teacher gave him a dictionary.→He was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典→他得到老师一本字典)也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语。如：His teacher gave him a dictionary.→A dictionary was given to him by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典→一本字典由老师送给了他)His father made him a kite.→A kite was made for him by his father.(他的父亲给他做了一个风筝→一个风筝由他的父亲做给了他)‎ ‎②“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加to.如：The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day.→The poor man was made to work 12 hours a day.(老板让这个可怜的人一天工作12小时→这个可怜人被迫一天工作12小时)‎ ‎③“动词+…+介词”改为被动时,介词一般在原位不动。如：The girl takes good care of her little brother.→The girl’s little brother is taken good care of by her.(女孩照顾小弟弟→女孩的小弟弟由她照顾着)‎ ‎④“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构。如：‎ He is pleased / worried / tired /…….(系表)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳……)‎ He was hit / knocked down / told / shot / .(被动)(他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中……)‎ 七、 句型转换中主动语态变被动语态的方法：‎ 在句型转换中主动语态变被动语态我们一定要按“一变二套三注意”‎ 一变 变主动为被动或变被动为主动时 ，把原句的主语和宾语互换，注意被动语态的构成“be + 过去分词”。‎ 如：We grew a tree yesterday. →A tree was grown yesterday by us.‎ ‎ ‎ 二套 被动语态的构成为“be + 过去分词”。在不同的时态中，过去分词保持不变，而be动词随着时态有不同的变化，如：am/ is/ are（一般现在时）；was/ were （一般过去时）；have/ has been( 现在完成时)；am/ is/are being （现在进行时）等。若含有情态动词，则用“情态动词+ be + 过去分词”结构。‎ 例如：The flowers are being watered by them. 他们正在浇花。‎ The plan has been found by me. 钢笔已经被我找到了。‎ Homework must be finished first. 必须要先完成作业。‎ 三注意 ‎① 句中含有双宾语如give/ buy sb sth 时，一般要把间接宾语（sb）变成被动句的主语，若将直接宾语( sth ) 变成主语，则在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。常用to的介词有give, show, pass, hand, lend, send 等；常用介词for 的动词有borrow, buy, make 等。‎ 如：The eraser was passed to me at last. 最后，橡皮被传递给了我。‎ A new toy was bought for me as my birthday present by him.‎ 他给我买了一个玩具，作为我的生日礼物。‎ ‎② 主动句中，谓语是含有介词或副词的动词短语，变为被动句时，介词或副词不能省略。常见的词组有listen to, take care of, pay attention to 等。‎ 如：We often talk with the old politely. →The old are often talked with politely by us.‎ ‎③ 主动句中作宾补的不带to的动词不定式，变被动时要加上to.常见的词组有hear/ see sb do sth, make sb do sth 等。‎ 如：we make the boy stand outside.→The boy was made to stand by us.‎ 考点突破 考点一：将语态与主谓一致、倒转、介词结合起来命题 典例1 （2018重庆）32. --- Who’s the little girl in the photo, Laura?‎ ‎--- It’s me. This photo _______ when I was five.‎ is taken B. takes C. was taken D. took ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】根据was知道用过去时，排除A和B，而主语无法发出动作，只能是承受者，故用被动语态，排除D。‎ 举一反三 ‎ ‎（ ）1.（2018河北省）34. Look at the picture. The top five TV plays ________ in it. ‎ A. list B. are listed C. will list D. will be listed ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（ ）2.(江苏省 宿迁市2018)13. This kind of pen _____, and is also very cheap. I think you can buy some.‎ A. writes well B. writes good C. is written well D. is written good ‎（ ）3.（2018安徽省）44. The weatherman says a rain shower _____ this afternoon in the south.‎ A. expects B. expected C. is expected D. was expected ‎（ ）4.（2018 北京）11. A new international airport in the city next year.‎ A. completes B. is completed C. will complete D. will be completed ‎（ ）5.(2017•湖北咸宁) 33.一What do you think of the latest TV play the Name of People?‎ ‎ 一It’s very popular. Millions of families _________ by it during that time.‎ A attracted B. are attracted C. were attracted D. were attracting 考点二、 在语境中将语态与时态结合起来命题 典例1(2017·广东省)42. The waiter told me that free parking _______ for the hotel guests. ‎ A. provides B. provided C. will be provided D. was provided ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查动词的被动语态。宾语从句的主语free parking与动词provide存在被动关系，应用被动语态，排除A与B两项；又根据前面told可知此空用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。‎ 举一反三 ‎（ ）1.(2017·河北) 35. Hangzhou ______ as the City of Silk. Tourists like shopping for silk there.‎ A. knows B. is known C. was known D. will be known ‎（ ）2.(2017·甘肃天水)40. The boy was seen ____________ computer games in the net bar.‎ A. play B. played C. playing D. to play ‎（ ）3. (2017·四川乐山) 22. It’s not your turn yet. Please wait on the chair over there until you ______. ‎ A. are calling B. have called C. are called ‎ ‎（ ）4.(2017•天津) 34. Let’s wait and see whether books _______ by the Internet in the future. ‎ A. replace B. replaced C. will be replaced D. were replaced ‎ ‎（ ）5. (2017·安徽)Mr. Green ______ to sing an English song at the party and he sang well.‎ A. was invited B. invited C. is invited D. invites 真题在线 1. ‎(2018▪山东莱芜) 33- — Laiwu has developed a lot in the last few years.‎ 一Yes. And the high-speed rail _______ in 2020.‎ ‎ A. completes B. is completed C. will be completed D. will complete ‎ ‎ ‎2.（2018•云南曲靖)Nowadays China ____ for its new “four great inventions”—shared bicycle, electronic payment, high-speed railways and online shopping.‎ A. was knowing B. was known C. is knowing D. is known ‎3.（2018•新疆乌鲁木齐） --Can you go to the movies with me tonight?‎ ‎--I have to ask my mum. If I , I will go with you.‎ A. allow B. allowed C. am allowed D. was allowed ‎4.（2018·广西玉林）—What do you know about the 2018 Russia FIFA World Cup?‎ ‎—Oh, I only know that the last game ________ on July 15. ‎ A. was played B. is played C. will be played D. will play ‎ 5. ‎(2018·辽宁葫芦岛)—Light-rail vehicle（轻轨） in our city in two years.‎ ‎ —Good news.‎ A. builds B. built C. will be built D. is built ‎6. (2018·辽宁辽阳)As far as we know, the 2022 Winter Olympics △ in China.‎ A. hold B. are hold C. will hold D. will be held ‎7. (2018·辽宁盘锦)—______ the theme park ______ in Shanghai two years ago?‎ ‎—Yes, it's about Chinese traditional culture.‎ A. Does; build B. Did; build C. Is; built D. Was; built ‎8. （2018•辽宁沈阳）There will be fewer workers in factories because most work by robots in the future.‎ A.is done B. was done C. will be done D. will do ‎9. (2018·广西梧州)—Your hometown is beautiful, and the air is really fresh.‎ ‎—Yes. Many trees and flowers ______ around here every year. ‎ A. plant B. are planted C. was planted D. will plant ‎10.（2018.吉林）33. The school music festival ______ next Monday.‎ A. was held B held C will be held ‎11. (2018·江苏徐州) The latest mobile phone _______ in China.‎ ‎ A. will make B. has made C. is making D. is made ‎12.(2018·辽宁本溪）A new primary school _____ in this village next year.‎ A. will build B. will be built C. is built D. is building ‎13. (2018 • 吉林长春) We Chinese ________ by the touching documentary Amazing China.‎ ‎ A. encourage B. encourages C. are encouraged D. are encouraging ‎ ‎ ‎14.(2018·内蒙古呼和浩特)10.— People，especially the young， by their friends．‎ ‎— That’ s true．Friends play an important part in everyone’ s life．‎ A.easily influences B．is easily influenced C.are easily influenced D．influenced easily ‎15.(2018·青海) 28. —Why are you working so hard on telling stories in English? ‎ ‎— Because the best story tellers _________ to an international Summer Camp.‎ A. are chosen B. were chosen C. will be chosen ‎16.. （2018·新疆阜康米泉） The boy thinks he shouldn't ________ what to do because he is 18 now.‎ A. tell B. tells C. telling D. be told ‎17. (2018·广东省)Many shops in China to shut down as a new law against ivory(象牙) trade came into effect on January 1st, 2018.‎ ‎ A. ordered B. didn’t order C. were ordered D. weren’t ordered ‎18. (2018·湖南湘西) —Your ring looks nice.‎ ‎—Yes, and it _____in Thailand.‎ A. makes B. made C. was made ‎19. (2018·湖南湘潭) Chinese _______ by more and more people around the world.‎ ‎ A. is spoken B. speak C. speaking 20. ‎(2018•湖北十堰)34. Too much time______ on computer games by most teenagers every day. And their parents are worried about their health and study.‎ ‎ A. spends B. is spent C. has spent D. spending ‎21.(2018 湖北恩施)34. If you are caught smoking in the kitchen, you by your boss.‎ A. will fire B. are fired C. will be fired ‎22. (2018• 湖北咸宁)—The 19th National Congress of the CPC(中共十九大) ________ in Beijing last year.‎ ‎— Our country has been into a new era (时代) since then.‎ A. held B. was held C. has held D. had held ‎23. （2018•四川泸州)Two bridges over the river five years ago in our city.‎ A. build B. built C. were built D. are built ‎24. (2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔) FIFA World Cup ________ every four years. Guess which team will win in 2018 Russia FIFA World Cup?‎ A. is held B. was held C. will be held ‎25. (2018·河北) Look at the picture. The top five TV plays _______ in it.‎ A. list B. are listed C. will list D. will be listed ‎ ‎ 模拟演练 ‎1.（2018·海南中考） Look at the trees on both sides of the streets. They ______ last spring.‎ A. planted B. were planted C. were planting ‎2. （2018•广西贵港中考)Children under 12 years old ride sharing bikes. It’s too dangerous.‎ A. shouldn’t allow to B. shouldn’t allow C. shouldn’t be allowed to D. shouldn’t be allowed ‎3. (2018·湖南岳阳)Our classroom by students every afternoon.‎ A. is cleaned B. was cleaned C. cleans 4. ‎(2018江苏扬州)12. —What are you watching?‎ ‎— The Story of China. This part ______ at China Block Printing Museum of Yangzhou in 2014.‎ A. filmed B. was filmed C. has filmed D. is filmed 5. ‎(2018·江西)34. Kids have to take many after-school classes. They _____ hard to study for good grades. ‎ A. push B. are pushed C. are pushing D. have pushed ‎6. (2018·四川资阳)Tea, the most popular drink in the world, ______ by accident in China.‎ ‎ A. discovered B. is discovered ‎ C. will be discovered D. was discovered ‎7. (2018·湖北襄阳)—The Forum(论坛)on China-Africa Cooperation Meeting will take place in Beijing this year.‎ ‎—Yes. I hear thousands of guests ______to the meeting then.‎ A. will be invited B. will invite C. are invited D. invite ‎8.（2018·广西桂林）If you use mobile phone while driving, you ______ by police.‎ A. are caught B. will catch C. will be caught ‎9.(2018·广西河池) 36. A new high speed train railway station _______ in Hechi in five years.‎ ‎ A. will build B. will be built C. has built D. has been built ‎10. （2018. 贵州安顺）Andy, with his parents, Hong Kong, and some shopping by them.‎ A. have gone to; will do B. has gone to; will be done C. have been to ; will do D. has been to; do ‎11.(2018·北京中考）A new international airport ______ in the city next year.‎ A.completes B. is completed C. will complete D. will be completed 12. ‎(2018福建A卷) 32. Paper-making _____ by the Chinese in the Western Han dynasty(朝代).‎ ‎ A. is invented B. invented C. was invented ‎13.（2018山东菏泽）23. It is believed that tea ___ to Korea and Japan from China during 6th and 7th ‎ ‎ ‎ centuries.‎ A. brought B. was brought C. is brought 12. ‎(2018·甘肃天水)31.A new robot by a middle school student last term.‎ A.invented B.was invented C.invents D.is invented ‎15.(2018·四川达州)—Final exam is coming,Tom.Don’t watch TV for too long.‎ ‎—I’m not a child any more.I ______ what to do.‎ A.should always be told B.should always tell C.shouldn’t always be told D.shouldn’t always tell ‎16.(2018·四川达州)—I have a bad cold,mom.‎ ‎—Oh,dear!You’d better ______ a doctor with me in a minute.‎ A.will see    B.see    C.not see    D.seeing ‎17. (2018·四川南充)—What a terrible rainstorm it was last night!‎ ‎—Yes, many old trees and houses .‎ A. pull down B. were pulling down C. were pulled down D. pulled down ‎18. (2018·重庆A)The 2022 Winter Olympic Games _________in China. I'm sure ‎ it will be a great success.‎ A. hold B. will hold C. were held D. will be held ‎19. (2018·安徽)The weatherman says a rain shower ______ this afternoon in the south.‎ ‎ A. expects B. expected C. is expected D. was expected 20. ‎(2018·湖南益阳)29. If you are over 18 years old, you _____ to drive a car in our country. ‎ A. can allow B. can’t allow C. can be allowed ‎21. (2018·南京) —Simon, do you know who invented the kite?‎ ‎—Sure! It ________ by Mozi over 2,000 years ago.‎ A. is invented B. invented C. was invented D. will be invented 21. ‎(2018·山东临沂) 20. Jane _______ to call me last night, but she didn’t.‎ A. supposed B. supposes C. was supposed D. is suppose ‎23. (2018四川成都中考)The opening of the 2018 Word Cup ______ in Russia this evening. So after our English exam, let's go and watch it to relax ourselves!‎ ‎ A. would be held B. is held C. will be held 22. ‎（2018·四川德阳）23. The telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.‎ A. invent B.was invented C. is invented D. invented ‎25.(2018·四川乐山) — Look, what an old bridge! It looks so special!‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ — Yeah, it ______ nearly 500 years ago.‎ A. was building B. was built C. has built ‎26.(2018·天津) Dr Bethune ____________ still_________ in both China and Canada today.‎ ‎ A. is; remembered B. is remembering C. will; remember D. has; remembered ‎27. （2018·重庆B卷）—Who’s the little girl in the photo, Laura?‎ ‎—It’s me. This photo _____ when I was five.‎ A. is taken B. takes C. was taken D. took ‎28. (2018·湖南郴州)—Do you know when and where the 24th Winter Olympic Games ________?‎ ‎ —In Beijing and Zhangjiakou, in 2022.‎ A. is held B. will be held C. will hold 29. ‎(2018·湖南邵阳)28. _______ Wugang Airport _______ last year? ‎ A. Did; build B. Had; built C. Was; built ‎ ‎ ‎