山西省太原市2020届高三模拟考试试题（二）英语试题 Word版含解析

山西省太原市2020届高三模拟考试试题（二）英语试题 Word版含解析

- 1 - 太原市 2020 年高三年级模拟试题（二） 英语试卷 试卷满分 150 分，考试时间 120 分钟。 注意事项： 1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。 2. 全部答案在答题卡上完成,答在本试卷上无效。 3.听力部分满分 30 分,不计入总分,考试成绩录取时提供给高校作参考。 4. 回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑, 如需 改动，用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案用 0.5mm 黑色笔 迹签 字笔写在答题卡上。 5. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 选择题 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案 转涂 到答题卡上。 第一节（共 5小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分） 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选 项。 听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅 读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B.£9.18. C.£9.15. 答案是 C。 1. What are the speakers talking about? A. Ordering drinks. B. Delivering food. C. Preparing for a party. 2. Where are the two speakers? A. In a school. B. In a restaurant. C. In a hospital. 3. How will the woman get to the railway station? A. By subway. B. By taxi. C. By train. 4. When does the movie begin? A. At 6： 30. B. At 7： 30. C. At 8： 30. 5. Why does the woman phone the man? - 2 - A. To apologize to him. B. To ask for some advice. C. To give him some help. 第二节（共 15 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 225 分） 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的 A.B.C 三个选项 中选 出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟;听完后， 各 小题将给出 5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。 6. When will Emily take a test? A. On Monday. B. On Tuesday. C. On Wednesday. 7. What will John do next? A. Go to the park. B. Finish his paper. C. Play computer games. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 10 题。 8. How does the woman feel about the concert? A. Noisy. B. Dull. C. Messy. 9. What does the woman agree to do? A. To visit Tim. B. To have a picnic. C. To take a trip. 10. Why is Tim mentioned in the conversation? A. Because he wants to go to the movie. B. Because he is available on the weekend. C. Because he might be invited to join the picnic. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至 13 题。 11. What made the man shocked in the beginning? A. His cat was inside the house ・ B. His cat returned home by itself. C. His friend sent the cat back home. 12.How can a cat travel over 200 miles to find its way back home? A. By using its sense of smell. B. By finding visual landmarks. - 3 - C. By building up maps in its head. 13. How do you like the woman's words at last? A, Strange. B. Humorous. C. Threatening. 听第 9 段材料.回答第 14 至 17 越。 14. Who is Rachel? A. The man's wife. B. The man's mother. C. The man's daughter. 15. What does the woman like best about London? A. The great food. B. The good people. C. The great architecture. 16. Why does the man hesitate about his new job? A. Because he can't get a promotion. B. Because he prefers to stay where he is. C. Because he has to consider his family. 17. What does the woman advise Carl to do? A. To talk to his family. B. To adapt that place. C. To figure it out himself. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 18 至 20 题。 18. What did Edward do when he saw the black lamb? A. He called the police to arrest his neighbor. B. He accused his neighbor of stealing the lamb. C. He apologized to his neighbor for the mistake. 19. Why did Edward get a surprise when he went outside? A. Because it stopped raining. B. Because the lamb turned white. C. Because the lamb was missing. 20. What can we say about the neighbor? A. He is dishonest. B. He is intelligent. C. He is trustworthy. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 60 分） 第一节（共 15 小题;每小题 3 分，满分 45 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 - 4 - A Here are some ideas for really great gifts for graduating seniors who are heading off to college. Rocketbook Everlast What： The beauty of this notebook is that the ink is erasable with water. When finished with your notes, you can scan them into your computer with your phone* s camera. You have to use special pens, but they are readily available in office supply stores. Who it's for： People who still like to take notes by hand. Cost： $34 for a notebook with 32 pages. Find it： Getrocketbook. com. Roland R-07 Audio Recorder What： It's a palm-sized portable digital audio recorder recording extremely high-quality WAV or MP3 files, powered by two AA batteries or through a USB port for continuous operation. You can set it up and control it wirelessly through your phone. Who it's for： Perfect for recording lectures, but it really shines if your are a music major. Cost： $149.99. Find it： Roland, com. Toast Leather Laptop Cover What: It's a thin piece of leather sized exactly to your laptop. Carefully place it on your computer, and your laptop will take on an entirely new look. It really protects the laptop from scratches. Who it's for： Laptop users who like keeping their machines in good condition. Cost： $99 for the top cover, $60 for the bottom （sold together）. Find it： Toastmade. com. Coal Catalyst Portable Charger What： It's a portable battery to charge your devices when you are away from a wall plug, available in five colors and two sizes that can charge the latest phones in just two hours. - 5 - Who for： Everyone with a USB-powered phone, tablet or headphones. Cost： $34.99 for 8.000 mAh； $39.99 for 12,000 mAh. Find it： Amazon, com. 1. What do we know about Rocketbook Everlast? A. It uses ink mixed with water. B. It uses a camera to record notes. C. It needs to be equipped with special pens. D. It needs pens that can be found in any store. 2. How much will you need at most if you buy one of the four products? A. $34. B. $99. C. $ 149.99. D. S159. 3. Where is the text most likely from? A. A book review. B. A science fiction. C. A popular magazine. D. A government report. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了对即将进入大学的高中毕业生选定礼物，并详细列出四个 产品的相关信息。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第 2 段“You have to use special pens, but they are readily available in office supply stores.”可知这个笔记本需要配备特殊的笔。故选 C 项。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章每个礼物的价格 Rocketbook Everlast:$34 for a notebook with 32 pages;Roland R-07 Audio Recorder:$149.99;Toast Leather Laptop Cover :$99 for the top cover, $60 for the bottom （sold together）;Coal Catalyst Portable Charger：$34.99 for 8.000 mAh； $39.99 for 12,000 mAh.可知如果购买其中一个产品最多需要花费的金额， 应该为四个产品中价格最高的，即 Toast Leather Laptop Cover :$99 for the top cover, $60 for the bottom （sold together）为$159。故选 D 项。 - 6 - 【3 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章对四个礼物的详细介绍：产品属性、适合人群及价格，可知这四个礼 物都是非常现代的产品，从而推出这篇文章应该来自于流行杂志。故选 C 项。 【点睛】数字计算题归属于细节理解题。在解题此类型题的时候要求考生在原文中找到有关 的数字信息，再对相关的信息和数字进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行 计算，确定答案。如第 2 小题，本题询问要购买四个礼物中的一个，最多需要花多少钱。根 据文章每个礼物的价格 Rocketbook Everlast:$34 for a notebook with 32 pages;Roland R-07 Audio Recorder:$149.99;Toast Leather Laptop Cover :$99 for the top cover, $60 for the bottom （sold together）;Coal Catalyst Portable Charger：$34.99 for 8.000 mAh； $39.99 for 12,000 mAh.可知如果购买其中一个产品，最多的花费应为其中价格最高的产品 即 Toast Leather Laptop Cover :$99 for the top cover, $60 for the bottom（sold together） 为$159。故选 D 项。 B Some psychologists say that community art — art made to be displayed free of charge in a particular community — can make a big difference. Unlike the random graffiti （涂鸦）that many people consider an eyesore, community art can bring people together and encourage respect. In the U.S. city of Philadelphia, for example, psychologists are doing a citywide project where mental health patients work with average people to paint murals（壁画）. The aim of this project is to reduce the mental illness and promote a new dialogue about people who struggle with these issues. Art also makes neighborhoods more attractive and has a unique ability to open people up. Neighbors can share comments with one another about a recently painted mural, which can challenge their prejudices and open their eyes to the world. Businesses can also be promoted by community art. In Fort Smith, a town in the U.S. state of Arkansas, artists from around the globe came together to paint murals. One of the goals of the project was to expand the town's cultural offerings in order to attract more visitors. Not only locals but also tourists were drawn to see the murals. The money they spent while visiting the town benefited local businesses. Generous financial support is provided for community art projects in many cities - 7 - and towns. In the UK, the Arts Council England has invested nearly half a million dollars in community art. Some of it, for example, has paid for a new exhibition space created inside an old mill in the town of Brierfield. In the U.S., an organization called the Knight Foundation has invested millions of dollars in community projects, including many that focus on art. 4. What is the purpose of the community art project in Philadelphia? A. To replace random graffiti. B. To deal with the issues about mental illnesses. C. To promote dialogues about art issues. D. To encourage respect for psychologists and fine arts. 5. How does community art open people up? A. By changing people' s views on prejudices. B. By giving new life to traditional murals. C. By providing a subject for conversation. D. By making neighborhoods more attractive. 6. What does the text indicate about towns like Fort Smith? A. They can profit from art economically. B. They provide inexpensive courses in art. C. They've placed some restrictions on art. D. They borrow art from other communities. 7. What do we know about the community art in the UK? A. It is limited to rich communities. B. It has the support of the government. C. It started from a mill in Brierfield. D. It is paid for by the Knight Foundation. 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。一些心理学家说，社区艺术——在特定社区免费展示的艺术——可以产生 很大的不同：社区艺术可以把人们团结在一起，可以打开人们的心扉，还可以促进企业的发 展。在英国，社区艺术得到了政府的支持。 - 8 - 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The aim of this project is to reduce the mental illness and promote a new dialogue about people who struggle with these issues.”可知这个 项目的目标是减少精神疾病，并促进一个新的关于和精神疾病做斗争的人们的对话。选 B 项、 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Art also makes neighborhoods more attractive and has a unique ability to open people up. Neighbors can share comments with one another about a recently painted mural, which can challenge their prejudices and open their eyes to the world.”可知艺术还能让社区更有吸引力，并且有一种独特的能力让人们敞开心扉。邻 居们可以互相分享对一幅最近绘制的壁画的看法，这幅壁画可以挑战他们的偏见，开阔他们 的眼界。也就是社区通过提供一个共同话题来帮助人们打开心扉。选 C 项。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。根据“ In Fort Smith, aThe money they spent while visiting the town benefited local businesses.”在美国阿肯色州的史密斯堡镇，来自世界各地的艺术家们聚 集在一起绘制壁画。该项目的目标之一是扩大该镇的文化服务，以吸引更多的游客。当地人 和游客都被吸引去看这些壁画。他们游玩该镇所花的钱使当地的企业受益。文章通过举这个 小镇的例子表明了这些小镇可以通过艺术获得经济上的利益。选 A 项。 【7 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Generous financial support is provided for community art projects in many cities and towns. In the UK, the Arts Council England has invested nearly half a million dollars in community art. ”可知许多城镇为社区艺术项目提供 了慷慨的财政支持。在英国，英国艺术委员会已经为社区艺术投资了近 50 万美元。由此可知 英国的社区艺术得到了政府的支持。选 B 项。 C One rainy afternoon, I was on a crosstown bus when a young woman jumped on. She had a child with her who was about three or four years old. The bus was full, bumpy(颠 簸的), and it soon got noisy, as her kid began crying — he was upset that he couldn't sit next to his mother. She looked embarrassed. Then another woman, a little older, stood up and moved so that the mother and child could sit together. The mum smiled as a thank-you. And then three words came - 9 - out of the older woman's mouth that raised the entire energy of that bus ride: “I've been there.” Simple, undramatic, and honest. In that moment, it seemed to unite the diverse people of the city. Why? Because almost all experiences are shared human experiences. They're universal. We forget that as we go through life, focused on our own troubles and needs — which are actually less unique than we think. Sometimes painful past experiences prevent us from wanting to open up to others because we don't want to revisit our own history. But a wonderful way to honor your past hurt is to help comfort another's current pain. When I was a little girl, we lived on donations from local families and clothing from the " lost and found" baskets. It was shameful for me at the time — I lived in fear of being caught in a friend' s cast-off item. Even when it was warmer, I refused to take off a layer in the classroom for this reason. Now I don't meet people who are in this exact situation, but I do notice when someone is struggling with financial shame or feels less than other people they meet. And I'm quick to say some version of, "I've been there." Can the essence of these three words help you make a small difference right now? It can be as simple as volunteering your seat, sharing some helpful advice, or even lightening the mood with a joke when you notice that someone's uncomfortable — because we're all in this together. 8. What influence did the older woman's words have on the people around? A. Causing discomfort. B. Breaking long silence. C. Creating a heated debate. D. Inspiring common feelings. 9. What does the author think of personal troubles and needs? A. They are mostly shared experiences. B. They don't really matter to anyone' C. They will be forgotten with time. D. They are unique to each individual. 10. Why did the author refuse to take off the coat in the classroom? A. Because she had the same sweater with others. - 10 - B. Because she stole the sweater from someone' C. Because she liked wearing the coat in summer. D. Because she felt embarrassed wearing others' clothes. 11. What's the best title for the text? A. Painful Experiences Are No Big Deal B. The Best Way to Honor Your Past Hurt C. True Happiness Comes from Helping Others D. Three Little Words That Bring Us Together 【答案】8. D 9. A 10. D 11. D 【解析】 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章由作者在公交车上看到一位老太太给一对母子让座，老太太对那 位母亲说“I've been there.(我也经历过)”而引发了对这三个字的思考，并联想到自身小 时候家中贫困的经历。作者认为个人的烦恼和需求大多是共同的经历，这三个字可以帮助安 慰别人现在的痛苦，将人们联系在一起。 【8 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中 And then three words came out of the older woman's mouth that raised the entire energy of that bus ride: “I've been there.”可知接着老太太嘴里 说出了三个字:“我也经历过。”这三个字让整趟公车都充满了活力。由此可推知，老妇人的 话激发了周围人的共同情感。故选 D。 【9 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中 Because almost all experiences are shared human experiences. 可知因为几乎所有的经历都是人类共有的经历。由此可知，作者认为个人的烦恼和需求大多 是共同的经历。故选 A。 【10 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段 When I was a little girl, we lived on donations from local families and clothing from the “lost and found” baskets. It was shameful for me at the time — I lived in fear of being caught in a friend’s cast-off item.可知 当我还是个小女孩的时候，我们靠当地家庭的捐赠和“失物招领”篮子里的衣物为生。在当 时，这对我来说是很丢脸的——我一直生活在恐惧中，害怕被抓住穿着一个朋友丢弃的东西。 由此可知，作者在教室里拒绝脱外衣因为她觉得穿别人的衣服不好意思。故选 D。 - 11 - 【11 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段 Can the essence of these three words help you make a small difference right now? It can be as simple as volunteering your seat, sharing some helpful advice, or even lightening the mood with a joke when you notice that someone's uncomfortable — because we're all in this together.可知现在，这三个字的本质能帮 你做出一点小小的改变吗？它可以很简单，比如自愿让座，分享一些有用的建议，甚至当你 注意到某人不舒服时，用一个笑话来缓解情绪——因为我们都是在一起的。结合文章由作者 在公交车上看到一位老太太给一对母子让座，老太太对那位母亲说“I've been there.(我也 经历过)”而引发了对这三个字的思考，并联想到自身小时候家中贫困的经历。作者认为个人 的烦恼和需求大多是共同的经历，这三个字可以帮助安慰别人现在的痛苦，将人们联系在一 起。由此可知，D 选项“让我们走到一起的三个字”最符合文章标题，故选 D。 D Do Cyber Schools Make the Grade? Students in Caldwell, Idaho, can attend class in their pajamas! At Vallivue Virtual Academy, courses are taught online. Students work at home with parents, who serve as learning coaches. A certified teacher oversees the students' progress. The cyber school was launched as a free option for students in kindergarten through grade 8 who have trouble succeeding in the district's traditional public school. Supporters of the program say that virtual learning can help students work at their own pace. If students struggle with subjects, they can take those courses online and spend more time on them. Valerie VanSelous, a teacher from Hopewell Township, N.J・， agrees. "Teachers, students, and parents need to accept new technology and not be afraid of it. Offering different teaching aids just might be the key to unlocking - 12 - a student' s potential. " Some also believe that attending virtual school can prepare students for college and for work after graduation. "We need to be responsible for working on our own,” says Angela Goscilo, a senior from Pound Ridge, N.Y. "We need to develop technology skills that will help us in whatever we do. Getting an early start is a good idea." Not everyone gives cyber schools a passing grade， however. Some educators argue that online learning makes it hard for students to make friends. Payton Mcdonough, 13, a seventh grader from Glencoe, m., agrees. " I don't know how I could sit at a computer all day without actually interacting with my peers and teachers," he says. In addition, virtual schools don’t have enough structure. Students who take online courses can set their own schedules, which will cause problems for students who have trouble staying motivated. Many parents also feel that cyber schools put unrealistic time demands on them because they have to oversee their kids' daily work. Many of them have full-time jobs. How are they going to run their children's education, excel in their jobs, and take care of their other responsibilities at home? 12. What is the cyber school intended for? A. Reducing the time students spend online. B. Helping those who struggle in traditional schools. C. Allowing teachers to work at their own pace. D. Encouraging students to learn about technology. 13. What does the underlined sentence mean in paragraph 5? A. Not everyone approves of cyber schools. B. Not everyone has attended a cyber school. C. Not everyone has given cyber schools a test. D. Not everyone cares about students in cyber schools. 14. How do working parents feel about overseeing their kids' daily work? A. It's worthwhile. B. It's unnecessary. C. It's demanding. - 13 - D. It's discouraging. 15. What is the main idea of the text? A. Students in Caldwell can attend class at home every day. B. There are various arguments for and against virtual schools. C. It's important for students to learn to work in the virtual world. D. Cyber schools are better than traditional schools in many ways. 【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. B 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇议论文，主要论述了对网校的不同看法。 【12 题详解】 推理判断题。由第三段“The cyber school was launched as a free option for students in kindergarten through grade 8 who have trouble succeeding in the district's traditional public school.”可知，网络学校是为幼儿园到 8 年级的学生提供的一种免费 选择，这些学生在当地传统的公立学校中很难取得成功。由此可以判断，网络学校是为了帮 助在传统学校里苦苦奋斗的那些学生。故选 B 项。 【13 题详解】 词义猜测题。 根据下文 Some educators argue that online learning makes it hard for students to make friends. Payton Mcdonough, 13, a seventh grader from Glencoe, m., agrees. " I don't know how I could sit at a computer all day without actually interacting with my peers and teachers," he says.（一些教育工作者认为，在线学习让 学生很难交朋友。13 岁的佩顿·麦克多诺(Payton Mcdonough)是密歇根州格兰科市(Glencoe) 的一名七年级学生。他说:“我不知道我怎么能整天坐在电脑前而不与我的同学和老师互 动。”）这是对网校的否定。由此可知，划线的句子意思是并非所有人都赞成网络学校。故 选 A 项。 【14 题详解】 推理判断题。由最后一段“Many parents also feel that cyber schools put unrealistic time demands on them because they have to oversee their kids' daily work. Many of them have full-time jobs. How are they going to run their children's education, excel in their jobs, and take care of their other responsibilities at home?”可知，许多 - 14 - 家长还认为，网络学校对他们的时间要求不切实际，因为他们必须监督孩子的日常学业。他 们中的许多人都有全职工作。她们将如何管理孩子的教育，如何在工作中出类拔萃，如何照 顾好家里的其他责任?由此可见，对于那些有工作的家长而言，监督孩子的日常这件事要求太 高，他们无暇顾及。故选 C 项。 【15 题详解】 主旨大意题。由标题“Do Cyber Schools Make the Grade?”可知，网络学校合格吗？同时 结合本文的第三段以及第四段和第五段的首句，我们可以看出来这篇文章主要就网校是否合 格这个主题，分别从正面和反面阐述了观点。故选 B 项。 【点睛】主旨大意题可以通过看文章的标题去推知答案，比如第四小题，让考生选择本文的 大意。由标题“Do Cyber Schools Make the Grade?”可知，网络学校合格吗？同时结合本 文的第三段以及第四段和第五段的首句，我们可以看出来这篇文章主要就网校是否合格这个 主题，分别从正面和反面阐述了观点。故选 B 项。 第二节（共 5小题;每小题 3 分，满分 15 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的放佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Why Do You Mishear Popular Song Lyrics （歌词）？ When Lil Nas X's "Old Town Road" topped the charts in early 2019, it seemed like you couldn't go five minutes without hearing "I’m gonna take my horse to the old town road . " But a significant subgroup caught this instead “ I’m gonna take my horse to the hotel room. ___16___We've been misunderstanding song lyrics for decades, Elton John's “hold me closer, Tony Danza" —er, "tiny dancer"— included. These modem musical mishearings even have their own name： mondegreens. ___17___ When noise hits our eardrums, tiny hairs convert it into an electric signal, which travels through the auditory nerve to the temporal lobe（颗叶）. ___18___ If the sounds are clear and the terms familiar, we then "hear" a mostly accurate translation of what someone is saying. But music can drown out lyrics, and singers can pronounce words with extra ability. The sounds in songs are often muddy and unclear. In this case, our brains struggle to find what makes sense. In that panic, our head reacts by offering up similar-sounding （but far more familiar） phrases, says Thomas Ethofer, a professor of psychotherapy in Germany. For example, if the mind can't firstly comprehend taking a horse to an old town road, - 15 - it offers up an alternative to quickly solve the problem. ___19___ In fact, according to Ethofer, previous knowledge of the mondegreen will make you more likely to hear it. ___20___ From a psychological aspect, he says, perhaps these mix-ups are so common because we enjoy resolving unclearness. Regardless — the sky, this guy, tiny dancer, Tony Danza, old town road, hotel room — they are all still songs we'll listen to on repeat. A. This was far from a first. B. No wonder you will make this mistake. C. How can you listen to something more accurately? D. There, it turns nerve firings into words with meaning. E. That's because your brain is already prepared for that version. F. That translation can stick, even after we learn the correct lyrics. G. So why does the Jimi Hendrix lyric "kiss the sky" often become "kiss this guy"? 【答案】16. A 17. G 18. D 19. F 20. E 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文，我们经常会把流行歌曲的歌词听错，本文解释了这一现象出现的原因。 【16 题详解】 根据上文“ But a significant subgroup caught this instead “ I’m gonna take my horse to the hotel room. ”可知但有相当一部分人把这句歌词听成了:“ I’m gonna take my horse to the hotel room. （我要把我的马带到酒店房间。）”根据后文“We've been misunderstanding song lyrics for decades, ”可知我们听错歌词（这种现象）已经有几 十年了。结合前后文可知，听错歌词这件事不是第一次发生了，承上启下，A 项（这不是第一 次）切题。故选 A 项。 【17 题详解】 根据本空后的“When noise sounds in songs are often muddy and unclear. In this case, our brains struggle to find what makes sense.”可知当噪声冲击耳膜时，细小的毛发将 其转换为电信号，该信号通过听觉神经传播到颞叶。 如果声音清晰且术语熟悉，那么我们就 “听到”对某人所说的话的最准确的翻译。但是音乐可以盖过歌词，歌手可以用额外的能力 发音。歌曲的声音往往浑浊不清。在这种情况下，我们的大脑会努力寻找有意义的东西。由 此可知，本段主要是在解释人们听歌时的大脑活动，解释为什么会听错歌词。G 项（那么，为 - 16 - 什么吉米·亨德里克斯的歌词“亲吻天空”经常变成“亲吻这个家伙”呢？）放在段首正好 引出下文的解释，故选 G 项。 【18 题详解】 由前文“When noise hits our eardrums, tiny hairs convert it into an electric signal, which travels through the auditory nerve to the temporal lobe ”可知当噪声冲击耳 膜时，细小的毛发将其转换为电信号，该信号通过听觉神经传播到颞叶。D 项（在那里，它将 神经刺激转化为有意义的词语。）与前文呼应，都是在解释听到歌曲后，大脑的活动过程，D 项的 there 指的就是前文中的“the temporal lobe”，D 项的 nerve 为前文“nerve”的复现。 故选 D 项。 【19 题详解】 根据前文“For example, if the mind can't firstly comprehend taking a horse to an old town road, it offers up an alternative to quickly solve the problem. ”可知如果大 脑首先不能理解带一匹马到一条老城路上（这种歌词），它会提供一个快速解决问题的替代方 案。F 项（甚至在我们学习了正确的歌词之后，这种误解还会继续下去。）与前文呼应，F 项 的 that translation 指的就是前文的 an alternative。故选 F 项。 【20 题详解】 根据前文“In fact, according to Ethofer, previous knowledge of the mondegreen will make you more likely to hear it.”可知实际上，根据 Ethofer 所说，如果你之前对你听 错的词有所了解，你会更有可能把（歌词）听成这个错的词。而 E 项（那是因为你的大脑已 经为那个版本做好了准备。）正好解释了为什么会出现这种现象，E 项中的 that version 指的 就是前文中所说的“听错的词”。故选 E 项。 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节,满分 55 分） 第一节（共 20 小题;每小题 2 分，满分 40 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D四个选项中，选岀可以填入空白处的最 佳 选项。 My past has caught up with me. It happened five years back when a new friend ___21___ my digital neighborhood. She knew me in my other ___22___ before my career in television. And did this young woman have a long ___23___. “Hello, Mrs. Luginbill,” said the Facebook, which immediately caught my ___24___ since I'm Lucy to everyone nowadays. “That's ___25___ I remember you as - 17 - a kid from Southgate Elementary,” Jennifer said, using the ___26___ greeting. “I think I was in first grade.” Suddenly, as if it were yesterday, I saw the little group of girls gathering around me. I was the “Duty” on playground, the ___27___ who kept order with a whistle when I wasn't ___28___ in the classroom. It wasn't a ___29___ job, standing in the cold winter during break, but it ____30____ “pocket money” to help after our move from California. A warm coat had been a “must have” ____31____ when our finances were ____32____ And in those years, the east side of Washington state saw some of the ____33____ winters. Jennifer, the little girl has grown up. She remembered the wild weather — and my coat, too. “It was furry, and the coat almost ____34____ a happy life we might long for. You were our chosen movie star.” Funny how ____35____ my viewpoint was back then. I saw little children wanting ____36____and hugs — and needing their exercise, too. Eventually, I would drive them away to ____37____. “It is like as a kid you want to stand in someone's light — especially if you ____38____them,” her Facebook message read. It was a lesson that I have ____39____ close even now: What we do today — no matter what our role may be — can ____40____ brighten another's heart for a lifetime. 21. A. turned to B. moved into C. belonged to D. broke into 22. A. life B. event C. face D. house 23. A. rest B. history C. memory D. journey 24. A. mouth B. eyes C. nose D. ears 25. A. when B. what C. where D. how 26. A. sudden B. vivid C. honest D. formal 27. A. actress B. monitor C. official D. editor 28. A. teaching B. sweeping C. reporting D. filming 29. A. fascinating B. useful C. practical D. physical 30. A. sent B. mixed C. provided D. connected - 18 - 31. A. gift B. design C. waste D. purchase 32. A. empty B. thin C. developing D. missing 33. A. coldest B. busiest C. funniest D. quietest 34. A. delivered B. grasped C. symbolized D. remained 35. A. wise B. different C. exciting D. boring 36. A. money B. delight C. warmth D. class 37. A. read B. play C. write D. listen 38. A. put up with B. make up for C. keep up with D. look up to 39. A. applied B. found C. fixed D. held 40. A. unknowingly B. obviously C. generally D. unwillingly 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. B 36. C 37. B 38. D 39. D 40. A 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。一个以前认识作者的人 Jennifer 重新联系上了作者，让作者回想起了以前 在操场上执勤的经历，并领悟到今天所做的，无论我们的角色是什么，都可能在不知不觉中 照亮他人一生的心灵。 【21 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这件事发生在五年前，一个新朋友搬进了我的数字社区。A. turned to 求助于；B. moved into 搬进，移动到；C. belonged to 属于；D. broke into 闯入。根 据后文 my digital neighborhood 可知是“搬进（moved into）”数字社区。故选 B。 【22 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我从事电视工作之前，她就已经认识了我的另一种生活。A. life 生活；B. event 事件；C. face 脸；D. house 房子。根据后文 before my career in television 可知这个新朋友知道作者从事电视工作之前的生活。故选 A。 【23 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：而这个年轻的女人记性很好。A. rest 休息；B. history 历史；C. memory 记忆；D. journey 旅途。结合上文可知 Jennifer 一直记得作者，到现在还没有忘记， - 19 - 说明 Jennifer 的记性很好。故选 C。 【24 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你好，Luginbill 太太，”Facebook 上的留言立刻引起了我的 注意，因为现在大家都知道我是 Lucy。A. mouth 嘴巴；B. eyes 眼睛；C. nose 鼻子；D. ears 耳朵。对方称呼作者以前的称呼，这引起了作者的注意。短语 catch one’s eyes“引起某人 注意”。故选 B。 【25 题详解】 考查连接词辨析。句意：“当我是 Southgate 小学的孩子时，我就记得你。” Jennifer 用正 式问候语说道。此处为表语从句，从句中缺少方式状语故应用 how。故选 D。 【26 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“当我是 Southgate 小学的孩子时，我就记得你。” Jennifer 用正式问候语说道。A. sudden 突然的；B. vivid 生动的；C. honest 诚实的；D. formal 正 式的。结合后文 greeting 可知 Jennifer 开始正式和作者打招呼，故选 D。 【27 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我是操场上的“执勤员”，是不在教室里讲课时用哨子维持秩序 的官员。A. actress 女演员；B. monitor 监控；C. official 官员；D. editor 编辑。根据 上文 I was the "Duty” on playground 可知作者当时是在操场上执勤的官员。故选 C。 【28 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我是操场上的“执勤员”，是不在教室里讲课时用哨子维持秩序 的官员。A. teaching 讲课，教；B. sweeping 扫除；C. reporting 报告；D. filming 拍摄。 结合上文 I was the "Duty” on playground 可知作者当时的职责是不在教室里讲课时，要 在操场上用哨子维持秩序。故选 A。 【29 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在寒冷的冬天休息的时候站着，这不是一份令人着迷的工作， 但它提供了“零用钱”来帮助我们从加州搬过来。A. fascinating 令人着迷的；B. useful 有用的；C. practical 实际的；D. physical 身体的。根据后文 standing in the cold winter during break 可知作者要在寒冷的冬天休息的时候站着，这不是一份令人着迷的工作。故选 A。 【30 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在寒冷的冬天休息的时候站着，这不是一份令人着迷的工作，但 - 20 - 它提供了“零用钱”来帮助我们从加州搬过来。A. sent 寄出；B. mixed 混合；C. provided 提供；D. connected 连接。根据后文"pocket money" to help after our move from California. 可知这份工作给作者提供了钱，帮助作者他们从加州搬过来。故选 C。 【31 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们经济拮据的时候，一件暖和的外套是“必须”购买的。A. gift 礼物；B. design 设计；C. waste 浪费；D. purchase 购买。结合上文可知作者要在寒冷的冬 天站在外面，因此一件暖和的外套是“必须”购买（purchase）的。故选 D。 【32 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我们经济拮据的时候，一件暖和的外套是“必须”购买的。A. empty 空的；B. thin 拮据的，瘦的；C. developing 发展中的；D. missing 失踪的。结合上 文作者要靠在操场上执勤来挣钱，说明他们经济很拮据，thin 此处修饰 finance 表示“拮据 的”。故选 B。 【33 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那些年里，华盛顿州东部经历了一些最寒冷的冬天。A. coldest 最冷的；B. busiest 最忙的；C. funniest 最有趣的；D. quietest 最安静的。根据后文 winters 可知是指经历了一些最寒冷的冬天。故选 A。 【34 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它毛茸茸的，几乎象征着我们渴望的幸福生活。A. delivered 递 送；B. grasped 抓牢；C. symbolized 象征；D. remained 提醒。根据后文 a happy life we might long for 可知皮外套象征着作者他们当时渴望的幸福生活。故选 C。 【35 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有趣的是，当时我的观点是如此的不同。A. wise 明智的；B. different 不同的；C. exciting 激动的；D. boring 无聊的。根据后文 my viewpoint was back then.可推知作者如今想起来，觉得自己当时的观点是如此的不同。其它选项不符合语境。故 选 B。 【36 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看到小孩子们想要温暖和拥抱，也需要锻炼。A. money 钱；B. delight高兴；C. warmth温暖；D. class班级。根据后文and hugs可知小孩子想要温暖（warmth） 和拥抱。其它选项不符合语境。故选 C。 【37 题详解】 - 21 - 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，我会把他们赶走去玩。A. read 阅读；B. play 玩耍；C. write 写；D. listen 听。根据上文 and needing their exercise, too.可知作者觉得孩子需要锻 炼，因此把他们赶去玩耍。故选 B。 【38 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她在 Facebook 上写道:“就像小时候你想站在别人的光辉下—— 尤其是当你尊敬他们的时候。”A. put up with 忍受；B. make up for 补偿；C. keep up with 赶得上；D. look up to 尊敬。结合最后一段中 brighten another's heart for a lifetime 可知小时候你想要站在别人的光辉下，尤其是当你很尊敬这个人的时候。其它选项均不符合 语境。故选 D。 【39 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我至今仍保留的一个经验教训：我们今天所做的，无论我们 的角色是什么，都可能在不知不觉中照亮他人一生的心灵。A. applied 应用；B. found 找到； C. fixed 修理；D. held 保留，抓住。结合后文 close even now 可知作者至今内心仍然保留 （held）着这个经验教训。故选 D。 【40 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这是我至今仍保留的一个经验教训：我们今天所做的，无论我们 的角色是什么，都可能在不知不觉中照亮他人一生的心灵。A. unknowingly 不知不觉地；B. obviously 明显地；C. generally 通常；D. unwillingly 不情愿地。结合文章内容可知对方 过去了这么久仍然还记得作者，说明过去作者在不知不觉中照亮了对方一生的心灵。故选 A。 非选择题 第二节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In August 2014, paleoanthropologist (古人类学家)Yingqi Zhang and his team went down into a sinkhole on the hunt for Gigantopithecus, the largest known primate(灵 长类动物)to ever live. They came back out with a mix of bones from the unfortunate ___41___ (creature) that had fallen into the natural "death trap". None of those bones belonged to the extinct ape, but the team was in for a surprise: The mix included a 22,000-year-old lower jaw from ___42___ancient panda. And within its worn edges, the jaw contained ___43___ is now the world’s oldest sample of panda DNA. Moreover, the genetic evidence ___44___(show) that the bone comes from a ___45___(previous) - 22 - unknown lineage of giant panda. This animal may have been specifically adapted to___46___(live) in its subtropical home, suggesting that the black-and-white beasts were once much ___47___(diverse) than they are today, the authors argue in a paper ___48___ (publish) in the journal Current Biology. While the ___49___ (conclude) about panda diversity is probably not revolutionary, the team's work collecting ancient DNA from the degraded fossils is ____50____ great significance. 【答案】41. creatures 42. an 43. what 44. shows 45. previously 46. living 47. more diverse 48. published 49. conclusion 50. of 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述 2014 年 8 月，古人类学家张英奇(音)和他的团队在寻找巨猿的经 过以及新的发现。 【41 题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：它们带着一堆不幸的落入自然“死亡陷阱”的动物的骨头回来了。此 处指的不止一个动物，所以名词用复数形式。故填 creatures。 【42 题详解】 考查不定冠词。句意：其中包括 22000 年前一只古代熊猫的下颚。此处 ancient 是以元音因 素开头的单词，表示“一”时用 an。故填 an。 【43 题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：在它磨损的边缘，下巴包含了现在世界上最古老的熊猫 DNA 样本。动 词 contained 后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，从句缺少主语，what 其双重作用，故填 what。 【44 题详解】 考查一般现在时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，遗传证据表明，这块骨头来自一个此前未知的 大熊猫谱系。这是一个客观事实所以句子用一般现在时态，且主语是 evidence，单数第三人 称，故填 shows。 【45 题详解】 - 23 - 考查副词。句意：此外，遗传证据表明，这块骨头来自一个此前未知的大熊猫谱系。此处 unknown 是形容词，由副词修饰。故填 previously。 【46 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：作者在《当代生物学》杂志上发表的一篇论文中指出，这种动物可 能特别适应了在亚热带的生活，这表明这种黑白相间的动物曾经比现在更加多样化。固定词 组：adapt to sth./doing sth.“适应某事或做某事”，词组中 to 是介词，故填 living。 【47 题详解】 考查比较级。句意：作者在《当代生物学》杂志上发表的一篇论文中指出，这种动物可能特 别适应了在亚热带的生活，这表明这种黑白相间的动物曾经比现在更加多样化。根据 than 可 知此处用形容词比较级，diverse 的比较级是 more diverse。故填 more diverse。 【48 题详解】 考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：作者在《当代生物学》杂志上发表的一篇论文中指出，这 种动物可能特别适应了在亚热带的生活，这表明这种黑白相间的动物曾经比现在更加多样化。 此处 paper 和 publish 之间是被动关系，是过去分词作后置定语，故填 published。 【49 题详解】 考查名词。句意：虽然关于大熊猫多样性的结论可能不是革命性的，但该团队从退化的化石 中收集古代 DNA 的工作具有重大意义。定冠词 the 放在名词前面，名词在句中作主语，所给 词 conclude 是动词，其名词形式是 conclusion。故填 conclusion。 【50 题详解】 考查介词。句意：虽然关于大熊猫多样性的结论可能不是革命性的，但该团队从退化的化石 中收集古代 DNA 的工作具有重大意义。固定搭配：be of great significance“非常有意义”， 此处是介词短语作表语。故填 of。 第四部分写作(共两节，满分 35 分) 第一节 短文改错(共 10 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 10 分) 51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共 有 10 处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.毎处错误及其修改均仅限一词； - 24 - 2.只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。 With time pass by, I will be 18 years old. In other words, I will be a adult. What I want to express most is certainly my appreciate. First of all, I must thank for my parents, with which care and love I have grown up happily. What’s more, I am quite gratefully to the dear teachers I had ever met. It is the teachers have taught me what should be done. Last but not least, having such many lovely friends makes my life quite meaningful and helps you realize the importance of sharing happiness and sorrow with others. I am sure that I will be better with the love given by others. 【答案】1.pass→passing；2.a→an；3. appreciate→appreciation；4.将 for 去掉； 5.which→whose； 6.gratefully→grateful； 7.had→have； 8.在 have 前加 that/who； 9.such →so；10. you→me。 【解析】 【分析】 本文是应用文。作者在文中表达了在长大的过程中对父母和老师的感激之情。 【详解】1.考查非谓语动词。句意：随着时间的推移，我将要 18 岁了。逗号前面为 with 的 复合结构， time 发出 pass 的动作，因此应该使用 pass 的现在分词作宾语补足语，即 with + 名词或代词 +现在分词。此时，现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系，故将 pass 改为 passing。 2.考查冠词。句意：换句话说，我将是一个成年人。此处表示泛指意义，adult 是以元音音素 开头的单词，故将 a 改为 an。 3.考查名词。句意：我最想表达的当然是我的感激之情。应使用 appreciate 的名词来作表语， 故将 appreciate 改为 appreciation。 4.考查及物动词。句意：首先，我必须感谢我的父母，在他们的照顾和关爱下，我快乐地成 长。thank sb 表示“感谢某人”，此时 thank 是及物动词，故将 for 去掉。 5.考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：首先，我必须感谢我的父母，在他们的照顾和关爱下， 我快乐地成长。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限定性定语从句，parents 是先行词，care 和 love 是父母给“我”的，因此使用 whose（表示所属关系）引导定语从句。故将 which 改 为 whose。 - 25 - 6.考查形容词。句意：而且，我很感激我遇到的亲爱的老师们。形容词在句中作表语，故将 gratefully 改为 grateful。 7.考查时态。句意：而且，我很感激我遇到的亲爱的老师们。过去完成时表示的是过去的过 去，而此处的句意表示“我现在对自己遇到的老师很感激”，这符合现在完成时的语境，故 将 had 改为 have。 8.考查强调句。句意：是老师教我应该怎么做。该句使用了强调句型，强调句的陈述句句型 为：It is /was+被强调的部分+that/who 引导的从句+原句其他部分。这句话中被强调的是 teachers，因此即可以使用 that 也可以使用 who，故在 have 前加 that/who。 9.考查 so 和 such 的用法。句意：最后但很重要的一点是，拥有这么多好朋友使我的生活变 得有意义，并帮助我意识到与他人分享幸福和悲伤的重要性。such+adj.+复数可数名词，但 是当形容词是 many、few 时，应为：so+many/few +复数可数名词，故将 such 改为 so。 10.考查人称代词。句意：最后但很重要的一点是，拥有这么多好朋友使我的生活变得有意义， 并帮助我意识到与他人分享幸福和悲伤的重要性。拥有朋友给“我”带来很多好处，因此人 称代词 you 使用错误，应使用宾格 me，故将 you 改为 me。 【点睛】whose 是定语从句中一个常用的关系代词， 它是关系代词 who 的所有格，在从句中 作定语，也就是说当先行词与从句中某个名词有所属关系，表达“……的”意思时，用关系 代词 whose 引导定语从句，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物，既可引导限制性定语从句，也 可以引导非限制性定语从句。whose 引导定语从句时，通常可与 of which/of whom 引导的定 语从句进行转换。小题 5 考查定语从句的引导词。句意：首先，我必须感谢我的父母，在他 们的照顾和关爱下，我快乐地成长。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限定性定语从句，parents 是先行词，care 和 love 是父母给“我”的，因此使用 whose（表示所属关系）引导定语从句。 故将 which 改为 whose。 第二节书面表达（满分 25 分） 52.假定你是李华，你的城市将有一个大型抗击新冠肺炎英雄人物展，请写一封邮件邀请你的 朋友 Adam 同去。内容包括： 1.展出时间和地点； 2. 展出形式与内容； 3. 表达期待。 - 26 - 提示：C0VID-19 （新型冠状病毒肺炎）； pandemic （流行病） 注意：1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 结束语已为你写好。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Adam， How is everything going recently? A large exhibition about heroes fighting against COVID-19 is scheduled in our city. I am writing to invite you to participate in it. The exhibition is to be held in the City Museum, starting at 3 pm. on July 12 and lasting approximately three hours. During that period, you will see many heroes from all walks of life fighting against the pandemic, most of whom are doctors and nurses. They are the most courageous people who bravely triumph over the disease. All these will be displayed in the forms of either pictures or videos. I am convinced that the exhibition is sure to be impressive and you will be deeply moved by their devotion and selflessness. Looking forward to your coming. Best wishes , Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文, 要求写一封邮件。 【详解】第一步： 审题：邮件 邀请 Adam 参加大型抗击新冠肺炎英雄人物展 - 27 - 人称：第三人称 时态：一般现在时、一般将来时 结构：总分法，分三部分，第一部分提出邀请，第二部分说明展出时间、地点、内容与形式， 第三部分期待他的参加。 要点： 1. 提出邀请：邀请 Adam 参加大型抗击新冠肺炎英雄人物展 2．展出时间、地点、形式与内容 ①时间、地点：7 月 12 日下午三点，市博物馆 ②内容：抗击新冠肺炎疫情的英雄人物展 ③形式：图片或视频 3．期待他的参加 第二步：列提纲（重点词汇、短语） exhibition；hero；fight against；participate in；from all walks of life；courageous； triumph over；display；in the forms of；impressive；be deeply moved by； devotion； selflessness 第三步：连词成句 (1)A large exhibition is scheduled in our city. (2)I am writing to invite you to participate in it. (3)The exhibition is to be held in the City Museum. (4) The exhibition will start at 3 pm. on July 12. (5) The exhibition will last approximately three hours. (6)You will see many heroes from all walks of life fighting against the pandemic. (7) Most of the heroes are doctors and nurses. (8)They are the most courageous people. (9) They bravely triumph over the disease. (10) All these will be displayed in the forms of either pictures or videos. (11) I am convinced that the exhibition is sure to be impressive. (12) You will be deeply moved by their devotion and selflessness. 根据提示和关键词进行遣词造句,适当地运用句型，注意时态和主谓一致问题。 - 28 - 第四步：连句成篇(衔接词、亮点词汇) 将（4）（5）两句用现在分词作状语，连接下面三个句子成一个句子 (3)The exhibition is to be held in the City Museum. (4) The exhibition will start at 3 pm. on July 12. (5) The exhibition will last approximately three hours. →The exhibition is to be held in the City Museum, starting at 3 pm. on July 12 and lasting approximately three hours. 用定语从句连接下面两个句子 (6)You will see many heroes from all walks of life fighting against the pandemic. (7) Most of the heroes are doctors and nurses. → You will see many heroes from all walks of life fighting against the pandemic, most of whom are doctors and nurses. 用定语从句连接下面两个句子 (8)They are the most courageous people. (9) They bravely triumph over the disease. →They are the most courageous people who bravely triumph over the disease. 适当地运用高级词汇、复杂句式提升文章的档次，增加文章的可读性。 【点睛】范文要点全面，结构清晰，层次分明，上下文连贯，在表达时用到了很多高级词汇， 如 exhibition；fight against；participate in；from all walks of life；courageous； triumph over；display；in the forms of；impressive；be deeply moved by；devotion； selflessness 等；复杂句式的运用提升了文章层次，如现在分词作定语的运用 you will see many heroes from all walks of life fighting against the pandemic；定语从句的运用 They are the most courageous people who bravely triumph over the disease；被动句式的运用 All these will be displayed in the forms of either pictures or videos 等。 - 29 -