【英语】2019届二轮复习完形填空专题解题指导技法技法2依据文中和选项中的“词汇”线索（4页）

【英语】2019届二轮复习完形填空专题解题指导技法技法2依据文中和选项中的“词汇”线索（4页）

‎2019届二轮复习完形填空专题解题指导技法技法2依据文中和选项中的“词汇”线索 ‎1．连接性词语 连接性的词语可表明段落间、句际间的语义逻辑关系。例如：‎ ‎(1)承接关系：so，therefore，thus，consequently等；‎ ‎(2)并列关系：first，second；firstly，secondly；first，next，then；in the first place，in the second place；for one thing，for another等；‎ ‎(3)转折关系：however，though，yet，in spite of，in any case，whoever，whatever，on the contrary，otherwise等；‎ ‎(4)对比关系：in contrast，in comparison，on the other hand等；‎ ‎(5)层递关系：also，furthermore，similarly，in addition，what's more等。‎ ‎[考题回放]‎ ‎(2016·北京高考)Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward，the risk seems worth taking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.‎ F．However，we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.‎ ‎[思路分析]　空格前说“因为当我们权衡风险和回报时，风险好像是值得的”，由weigh the risk and the reward可锁定F项中的weigh risks and rewards，F项意为“然而，我们并不是都用同样的参考标准来衡量风险和回报”，符合上下文语境，为转折关系。‎ ‎2．词汇复现 复现是指作者在文章上下文的不同位置对同一概念进行重复描述。复现主要有同义词复现、近义词复现和反义词复现等。‎ ‎[考题回放]‎ ‎(2017·浙江高考)34.Limit your time. Each interview that you get ‎ on the street shouldn't be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need，move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview，you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer，you won't be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. 35 ‎ F．That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.‎ ‎[思路分析]　选项F“这一数量的采访应该能给你你所需要的全部答案”中的that number of interviews与空格前的a safe number of interviews to conduct(采访的保险数量)前后照应。故选F项。‎ ‎[考题回放]‎ ‎(2017·浙江高考)The manonthestreet interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. 31 But with these tips，your first manonthestreet interview experience can be easy.‎ D．For new reporters，this can seem like a challenging task.‎ ‎[思路分析]　由空格后的but以及can be easy可以反推，该空讲的应该是街头采访并非易事。选项D“对于新手记者，这可能像是一项有挑战性的(challenging)任务”符合语境。故选D项。‎ ‎3．属相同范畴的词汇 ‎[考题回放]‎ ‎(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up，consider rearranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family，save some time the night before by setting out clothes，shoes，and bags. 38 That's a quarterhour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.‎ G．Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the café to get coffee.‎ ‎[思路分析]　本段开头的Rethink与G项中的Reconsider属相同范畴的词汇，可以锁定G项。由空格后的bought a coffee ‎ maker和G项“重新考虑你用在咖啡馆排队买咖啡的15分钟”可验证答案。‎ ‎4．属上下位包含关系的词汇 ‎[考题回放]‎ ‎(2016·四川高考) 39 Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging，but they believe that they do. Some think that a woman's body cells have a tendency(倾向) to age more slowly than a man's. Others think that a man's body cells have a tendency to age more quickly.40.Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.‎ C．Women are also helped by their female genes.‎ ‎[思路分析]　由空格后的genes可锁定C项中的female genes，代入后，符合语境，可作为本段的主题句。‎ ‎5．冠词和代词 ‎[考题回放]‎ ‎(2017·北京高考)Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight，making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 73 ‎ Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right.74.Tononi's team measured the size of these connections，or synapses，in the brains of 12 mice. The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep，showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.‎ F．“Sleep is the price we pay for learning，”says Giulio Tononi，who developed the idea.‎ ‎[思路分析]　由下段首句中的he is right可推知，空格处应该包含一个人的某种观点，由此可锁定F项“Giulio Tononi说睡眠是我们为学习付出的代价”。‎ ‎[考题回放]‎ ‎(2016·四川高考) 38 They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally get sick less ‎ often and less seriously than men. The common cold is a good example: women，on average，get fewer colds than men.‎ D．The female hormones also protect the body in another way.‎ ‎[思路分析]　本段说的是女性的身体优势。空格后的They是解题关键，综观各选项，只有D项的主语The female hormones可以是they所指内容。做本题时应关注代词they和选项中定冠词the表达的含义。‎ ‎6．特殊疑问词 ‎[考题回放]‎ ‎(2017·湖北省八校联考)‎ When were chopsticks invented?‎ In fact, before the invention of chopsticks, Chinese ancestors actually used hands to eat, but how did they eat soup and porridge？ 36 Chinese started to use chopsticks about 3，000 years ago in the Shang Dynasty.‎ C．Bamboo chopsticks are most frequently used in Chinese daily life.‎ G．They had to use sticks to eat them.‎ ‎[思路分析]　空格处前句提到“...how did they eat soup and porridge”，因此空格处应对how进行回答，故G项“他们不得不用小棍来吃”符合语境。‎ ‎[易错提醒]　由于C项也可以回答怎么吃，有些学生会忽视时间的概念而误选C项。‎