2020届二轮复习完形填空专题解题技巧课件（64张）

2020届二轮复习完形填空专题解题技巧课件（64张）

完形填空 高考英语完形填空趋势 从近几年全国高考的完形填空来看，已经不再考核学生语法方面的知识了，而是从语义搭配、结构搭配、惯用搭配及逻辑知识等方面来测试学生词汇的掌握及运用。而且有些词的选择，必须在理解整篇文章的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。 高考英语完形填空命题特点 1. 短文长度 280 词左右，生词少，难度适中。 2. 首句无空格，提供语境。 5-10 词设一空。人名、 地名、日期、数字不在之列。隔词数越少， 题目越难；反之亦然。 3. 选项多为一词，偶尔为词组。四选项为同一类词或属同一范畴，或近义或形异义，或与前后配成词组。故干扰性、迷性大。 高考英语完形填空命题特点 4. 考查单词以实词 (v.,n.,adj.,adv,pron.) 为主，虚词 (conj.,prep.) 为辅。实词一般占 80%-90% ，其中又以动、名、形为主。 5. 以考查学生对文章的整体理解和词汇的意义把握为主。有些要结合常识才能正确选项；有些甚至要求在通篇理解的基础上，正确把握上下文的逻辑关系，才能正确判断和选择。 选项设置词汇类别比例（江苏）： 年份 动词 副词 名词／代词 形容词 连词 介词 ２０ 16 ７ ３ ４ ５ １ ２０ 17 ５ ３ ５ ５ ２ ２０ 18 ８ ２ ６ ２ １ １ ２０ 19 ４ ２ ７ ４ ３ 2019 年 考点分布如下： 动词 37 ， 40 ， 42 ， 43 ， 47 ， 48 ， 50 ， 51 ， 54 ， 55 名词 36 ， 38 ， 39 ， 41 ， 44 ， 45 形容词 46 副词 49 连词 53 代词 52 语篇分析 完形填空是原版材料改编，特别重视上下文逻辑推理能力。在 20 题当中，着重考查动词 (10 题 ) 和名词 (6 题 ) 。文章的选项非常巧妙，除了要求对语境要有充分的把握之外，对词汇的比较也有很细致的要求。如第 41 题，考查名词 purpose  、 decision 、 promise 、 goal 在语境中的辨析。 46 题较难，一定要理解 Glennie 这时实际上还没有成名，所以不可能有 dissatisfied （不满意的）、 astonished （惊讶的）、 discouraged （气馁的）这些感觉。 学生的主要问题 1. 不善于抓文章的主旨，导致在理解上出现偏差，甚至于文章的中心意思相悖。 2. 容易受定势思维的干扰。有些学生一看到自己比较熟悉的语法结构、句子、短语，便 不假思索地去选，忽视了对特定语境的理解，最终导致思维定势错误。 3. 对完形填空怀有厌倦、恐惧心理，做题时往往处于疲于应付的心态，解题能力得不到 充分发挥。 完形填空解题策略 1. 充分利用首句作为解题的突破口 完形填空的首句往往是完整的，不设空的。而首句又常常是全文的中心句，因此，应充分重视完形填空的首句，通过它大致把握全文的大意和作者的意图， 利用它作为解题的突破口。依据首句的提示，捕捉文中关键信息，通览全文，了解文章的题材、体裁、结构、背景、内容大意、前因后果、情节发展、论点论据等基本信息。同时，可以对有些空格要填的词做试探性猜测，为下一步选择最佳选项作好准备。 完形填空解题策略 例如 : The man was in rags when he came into the tailor’s shop. The assistant __1___him and selected him __2___ suit that they had. He said that he didn’t have any small change an him. 1.A. looked for B. looked down upon C. looked up to D. looked here and there 2.A. the most expensive B. the newest C. the cheapest D. the largest 完形填空解题策略 解析 : 文章一开头就出现了对人物的描述“ in rags” ，这个描述就是文段的关键词。 开篇说到衣衫褴褛，后文又没有出现转折，由此，我们可以判断 1 空可以确定为 B 项；仍然由他的衣着，可推断售货员会挑最便宜的衣服给他，故 2 空选 C 。 完形填空解题策略 2. 根据上下文的逻辑意义确定答案 文章是一个具有内在联系的整体，而上下文则是营造语境的基础，也是逻辑推理的依据。 通读全文，理顺大意，根据上下文找出信息词，是做好完形填空的技巧之一。完形填空的命题设计上正朝着深层化和语境化方向发展，逐渐淡化单纯的语言分析考查，而越来越侧重逻辑推理判断的考查。词语在特定语境中所表达的隐含信息大都无法从字面或一个或几个句子的表面理解传达出来。这就大大增加了干扰项的迷惑性，从而提高了试题难度。因此，要想 解决这类题目，只有借助上下文乃至全文语境的提示。 完形填空解题策略 例如 : Many old people don’t have good_____. They can’t watch TV but they can listen to music or news over the radio. A. hearing B. health C. eyesight D. time 解析 : 从“ can listen ” 可排除 A, 从“ can’t watch” 可知选 C. 完形填空解题策略 3. 从词汇的意义和用法方面考虑 做好完形填空题须具备较大词汇量，并结合上下文确定词义。完形填空在命题过程中， 淡化基础句型结构、语法规则和短语搭配，侧重词汇的活用。应该加强对词合乎情景需求的 判断的训练，加深对基本词汇的感受能力和应用能力，提高解完形填空题技能。 完形填空解题策略 例如 : If he continues to steal , he is most _____ to end up in prison. A. possible B. probably C. likely D. perhaps 解析 : 此题主要是考查同义词的用法，根据它们用法上的差异，只能选 C. 完形填空解题策略 4. 积累习惯用法和固定搭配 完形填空题中考查习惯搭配和固定用法的题目也占有一定比重，这就要求平时记忆和积 累，做到脱口而出。这类题属于较容易的题，一般在初选时就能确定。 完形填空解题策略 例如 : They not only make it __1___ to sleep at night, but they are __2___ damage to our houses and shops of historical __3___. 1.A. terrible B. difficult C. uncomfortable D. unpleasant 2.A. doing B.raising C. putting D. producing 3.A. scene B. period C. interest D. sense 解析 : 第 2 空中 do damage to 是习惯用法 第 3 空中“名胜古迹”表述为 a place of (historical) interest. 完形填空解题策略 5. 依据作者的态度和观点 作者写一篇文章必有他的意图和目的，作者在表达情感时总是选择特定的词汇，因此文 章字里行间不可避免地渗透了作者的情感。做完形填空时，应该留心捕捉作者的情感信息。 完形填空解题策略 例如 : Ella Fant was a middle-aged lady who lived with her only son John in a small house. She __1___ John very much. In her _2____ he couldn’t do anything _3____. Every morning she would give him breakfast __4___ bed and bring him the papers to _5____. 1.A. depended on B. waited on C. trusted D. loved 2.A. hope B. eyes C. head D. belief 3.A. wrong B. great C. good D. strange 4.A. to B. at C. in D. by 5.A. check B. read C. keep D. sign 完形填空解题策略 解析 : 通读这段文字，了解到在作者看来，这位母亲对儿子十分溺爱，认为他不会做坏 事。并用具体事例来说明这种溺爱 : 早晨把饭端到儿子床上，并拿报纸给他读。理清了这些， 这几个空就很容易选了。 1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B 完形填空解题策略 6. 注意分析句子结构 例如 : ___1__ the wallet, found in the street, be put into a pocket, _2____ turned over to the policeman? Should the extra charge received at the store be forgotten or returned? 1.A. Should B. Most C. Would D. Need 2 A. and B. or C. then D. but 解析 : 两个句子一对比，很容易发现他们结构的一致，于是选项也就明了了。 1.A 2.B 完形填空解题策略 7. 依据生活经验和常识 有些空涉及到我们应该具备的常识，是否合乎情理是我们选择的依据。 例如 :Immediately, the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to _____hospital. A. animal B. biggest C. nearest D. plant 解析 : C. 由“ immediately” 可知情况紧急，到最近的医院当属情理之中了。 完形填空解题分类实例分析 一 . 按词类分： 1. 实词 2. 虚词 3. 词组 完形填空解题分类实例分析 二 . 按形式分： 1. 单纯性选择 2. 常识性选择 3. 近义词选择 4. 近形词选择 5. 惯用法选择 完形填空解题分类实例分析 三 . 按句义选择 四 . 按语义选择 按词类分： 1. 实词 例 1 ： Everyone wants to be healthy and happy. __1__, illness or accidents may occur without__2__. 1.a.Obviously b.Unfortunately c.Naturally d.Occasionally 2.a.reason b.information c.warning d.notice 按词类分： 1. 实词 例 2: Over the last few years manufacturers have been__1__reducing the size and weight of video-cassette recorders to make the equipment more___2___. 1.a.steadily b.constantly c.frequently d.essentially 2.a.valuable b. portable( 轻便的 ) c.selective d.economical 按词类分： 1. 实词 例 3: About 120,000 people_1__to the city every year. They come for the few_2__jobs, which are usually no better than__3__they left. 1.a.change b.arrive c.drive d.move 2.a.possible b.popular c.available ( 可用的 ) d.convenient 3.a.one b.the one c.ones d.the ones 按词类分： 2. 虚词 例 4 ： __1_you have chosen an article to read, you will find the important general information_2__the key facts in the first few paragraphs. 1.a.While b.Once c.As soon as d.Whenever 2.a.with b.by c.for d.at 按词类分： 2. 虚词 例 5: When I have free time, I go _1__a long walk. Some people read books or watch TV_2__others have sports. 1.a.to b.for c.on d.with 2a.and b.but c.yet d.while 按词类分： 2. 虚词 例 6: The audience waited__1_silence while their aged speaker searched among his notes_2__the figures he could not remember. 1.a.for b.in c.at d.during 2.a.for b.of c.about d.on 按词类分： 3. 词组 例 7 ： He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming__1_.So he _2__into that place. 1.a.after all b.in all c.at all d.for all 2.a.needn’t go b.needn’t have gone c.shouldn't’t go d.shouldn’t have gone 例 8 ： ( 词组 ) We __1_about when man first began to use salt,but we do know that it has been used in many different ways throughout the history._2__,it is recorded in many books that people who lived over 3000 years ago ate salted fish. Thousands of years ago in Egypt,salt__3__the dead. 1.a.have all known b.have no idea c.haven’t any ideas d.have an idea 2.a.For example b.Such as c.First of all d.Above all 3.a.used to preserve b.got used to preserving c.used to preserving d.was used to preserve 例 9 ： ( 词组 ) The English language serves about 250 million people,or about one tenth of the world’s population,as a mother tongue,_1__,it is more or less correctly used by_2__100 million,more as a secondary language,ranging__3__from the Pidgin English ( 混合语言 )of the Islands of Melanesia to the almost perfect speech of cultured foreigners. 1.a.However b.As a result c.in addition to d.In addition 2.a.at least b.at most c.most and least d.more than enough 3.a.all the way b.by the way c.on the way d.in the way 按形式分： 1. 单纯性选择 例 10 ： _1__methods have been used to_2_ the intelligence of every child----dull,bright,or normal. 1.a.Valuable b.Various c.Unique d.Unusual 2.a.measure b.describe c.illustrate d.recognize 按形式分： 1. 单纯性选择 例 11 ： The tourist paid 700 pounds for the painting,but he_1__that he didn’t know its__2__worth. 1.a.promised b.claimed c.admitted d.permitted 2.a.practical b.additional c.adequate d.actual 按形式分： 1. 单纯性选择 例 12 ： __1_,no one was hurt in the accident,but some passengers suffered from__2__. 1.a.Obviously b.Surprisingly c.Fortunately d.Unfortunately 2.a.distress b.shock c.failure d.trouble 按形式分： 1. 单纯性选择 例 13: Being much too fat,Stella was advised to_1__her food for each meal,yet,she would have__2_of that. 1.a.relax b.reduce c.relieve d.remove 2.a.no b.not c.none d.nothing 按形式分： 1. 单纯性选择 例 14: At an early age the youth will develop his_1__, and the kind of home life he has will greatly__2__the development. 1.a.hobby b.personality c.intelligence d.knowledge 2.a.increase b.enhance( 增强 ) c.encourage d.influence( 影响 ) 按形式分： 2. 常识性选择 例 15 ： Everyone has seen the Olympic Games at some time---either in Montreal,Barcelona. and everyone knows that_1__started the Games.But most people don’t know the real story. 1.a.Greeks b.French c.Americans d.English 按形式分： 2. 常识性选择 例 16: There are twenty-seven bridges over the Thames.Tower Bridge,the first bridge over the Thames as you travel toward_1__ from the sea, is the most famous of them all. 1.a.Europe b.America c.London d.China 按形式分： 2. 常识性选择 例 17: One of the most famous statues in the world stands on an island in New York Harbor. This statue is, of course, the Statue of liberty The Statue of liberty is a(an)_1__who holds a__2_up high. 1.a.man b.woman c.child d.old 2.a.cane b.candle c.torch d.lamp 按形式分： 2. 近义词选择 例 18 ： He used to have a_1__of coin-collection,but he has given it up. 1.a.custom b.habit c.hobby d.like 按形式分： 2. 近义词选择 例 19: American school children can be seen every day__ white sneakers,blue sneakers,black sneakers and even red ones. 1.a.putting on b.having on c.wearing d.dressing 按形式分： 2. 近义词选择 例 20: The wounded soldier was unconscious but still__1__when taken to the hospital. 1.a.living b.alive c.live d.lively 按形式分： 2. 近义词选择 例 21: While some people think that sugar is the best__1__of__2__, others believe that sugar is bad for human health. 1.a.origin b.source c.resource d.cause 2.a.power b.energy c.force d.strength 按形式分： 2. 近形词选择 例 23: $500,000,000 is a small amount of money__1__the size of the market. 1.a.considered b.consideration c.considerable d.considering 按形式分： 2. 近形词选择 例 24: It’s wonderful for the fact that the Chinese team won an unexpected gold_1__in Sydney, 12 more than its previous best. 1.a.metals b.medals c.models d.modals 按形式分： 2. 惯用法选择 例 25: It suddenly__1__me that if we want to go on a picnic tomorrow we had better do some preparations this evening. 1.a.hit on b.struck c.occurred d. drew 按形式分： 2. 惯用法选择 例 26: Safe operation means that both the operators and the equipment are__1___from harm. 1.a.kept b.freed c.prevented d.hidden 按形式分： 2. 惯用法选择 例 27: We were almost exhausted before we finally__1__sight of the dilapidated temple which was said to be one of the remains__2__back to the fifteen century B.C. 1.a.held b.caught c.got d.took 2.a.dating b.traced c.going d.returned 按句义分： 例 29: It was after midnight,and I was on my way home.The footsteps that__1__me through the dark street in the East End of London were_2__of two young men who were obviously_3__no good. 1.a.stooped b.pursued( 追求 ) c.followed d.traced 2.a.those b.that c.ones d.one 3.a.of b.for c.up to d.on to 按句义分： 例 30: Nearly three-quarters of the earth is covered__1__water.Water heats up more slowly than land,_2__once it has become warm it takes longer to fall__3_. 1.a.on b.with c.in d.by 2.a.so b.and c.then d.but 3.a.down b.up c.apart d.behind 按句义分： 例 31: Mrs. White added laughingly that_1__she was so young she should hide her packet in her pocket in_2__a policeman saw it. _3__,the little girl did not seem to find this very funny. 1.a.as b.for c.while d.though 2.a.consequence b.time c.case d.fact 3.a.Otherwise b. Nevertheless( 然而 ) c.Moreover d.Therefore 按句义分： 例 32: Strangely enough,I once tried to get sick.I didn't’t wear a sweater __1_I should, and I walked in the rain__2__my boots and my feet got soaked. _3__so far nothing wrong has happened. 1.a.while b.provided c.when d.though 2.a.with b.in c.by d.without 3.a.But b.Then c.Therefore d.Yet 按句义分： 例 33: Some parents are greatly worried_1__their children fail to do well in their studies. They_2__either genetic factors or laziness,_3__they never take these non-intelligence factors into__4__. 1.a.about b.with c.when d.since 2.a.blame b.complain c.confuse d.condemn 3.a.nevertheless b.similarly c.therefore d.but 4.a.figures b.consideration c.granted d.reflection 按句义分： 例 34: A credit card is a __1__of identification__2_ which the owner may obtain consumer credit for the _3__of goods or services_4__than pay cash. 1.a.mean b.means c.methods d.ways 2.a.by b.in c.through d.with 3.a. production b.possession c.purchase d.property 4.a.better b.more c.rather d.right 按句义分： 例 36: _1__hungry,the people sometimes would kill the animals in the lord’s forest for fuel; __2_when cold,they might cut down trees for fuel.__3_,strong laws were passed in an_4__to protect the forests and the animals. 1.a.If b.When c.Once d.After 2.a.and b.but c.or d.yet 3.a.Besides b.In addition c.So d.However 4.a.effect b.effort c.offer d.afford 例 37 （按语义分） People of Burlington are are being disturbed by the sound of bells.Four students from Burlington College of High Education are in the bell tower of the_1__and have made up their minds to_2__the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest against heavy trucks which run_3_through the narrow High Street. 1.a.college b.village c.town d.church 2.a.change b.repair c.ring d.shake 3.a.now and then b.day and night c.up and down d.over and over 完形填空训练策略 一、改变单一的完形填空训练模式，创造性地高效运用课程资源 　　大量的完形训练而忽视有效的分析指导使学生耗时又耗力，甚至错误地认为高考完形填空标准题型是师生唯一的训练方式。其实，这种单一的训练方式易使学生产生疲惫、厌烦甚至强烈的逆反心理。多方位训练有助于提高学生的做题兴趣，真正实现培养学生综合运用有效信息解决实际问题能力目标。 完形填空训练策略 ( 一 ) 提供文中只有 10 个空格、但不提供备选项的语篇，或者只提供每个空格的首字母，要求学生根据上下文语义填入适当形式的词。训练初期阶段宜选择难度较低的文章，先从培养受训者上下文猜测及预测能力入手，然后再提高文章的长度及难度。 完形填空训练策略 ( 二 ) 创造性地灵活高效使用材料。一篇好的文章经过教师个性化处理之后以不同的版本展现在学生眼前，满足了学生的个体需求。所谓不同版本即在一篇材料的基础上或是改变填充部分，或是给出所句让学生续写下文，或是让学生判断故事的结局，或是猜测故事中人物的心理变化等等。 完形填空训练策略 ( 三 ) 积极开发合理利用丰富的课程资源，如网络媒体资源、英文报刊杂志、影像制品等，指导学生在提高阅读速度的同时多渠道了解目标语国家的文化背景，如风土人情、生活方式、价值观念等。这利于培养学生对完形填空全文的正确理解。 Thank you!