2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：必修5 unit 3

2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：必修5 unit 3

‎[话题素材——未来生活]‎ 好词 ‎1．harmonious adj. 和谐的 ‎2．advanced adj. 先进的；高级的 ‎3．congratulate vt. 祝贺 ‎4．breathtaking adj. 令人惊叹的；激动人心的 ‎5．splendid adj. 壮丽的 ‎6．come into being 形成；产生 ‎7．play an important role in 在……中起重要作用 ‎8．be familiar with 对……熟悉 ‎9．rather_than_ 而不是 ‎10．let alone 更不用说 ‎11．put up 建造；张贴 ‎12．protect...from... 保护……免受……‎ ‎13．other than 除了 ‎14．As time goes on 随着时间的流逝 ‎15．take on a new look 呈现新面貌 佳句 ‎1．Great changes have_taken_place in China in the past few years.‎ 在过去的几年里，中国发生了巨大的变化。‎ ‎2．Science plays_an_important_role_in our daily life.‎ 科学在我们的日常生活中起重要作用。‎ ‎3．Life in the future is not what_it_used_to_be.‎ 未来的生活和过去是不一样的。,[精美语篇]‎ Life in the future As time goes by, there are going to be great changes in our everyday life in the future.‎ For example, when we are hungry, we don't need to cook in a hurry. Just take some pills, and everything will be OK. When we are free, we can go to other planets for holidays by spacecraft, which will be very cheap, just like taking a taxi now. And of course, if we want to see what is like under the sea, just travel down there in a flying object like UFO or in an unmanned bus through a special tunnel. Maybe there will be a lot of buildings and people living there.‎ I believe our life in the future will be more convenient, interesting and wonderful.‎ ‎ 高频单词 ‎1．impression (n.) 印象；感想；印记→impress (v.) 使留下深刻印象→impressive (adj.) 给人深刻印象的 ‎2．constant (adj.) 时常发生的；连续不断的→constantly (adv.) 不断地 ‎3．surroundings (n.) 周围的事物；环境→surrounding (adj.) 周围的 ‎4．tolerate (vt.) 容忍；忍受→toleration (n.) 容忍；忍受→tolerant (adj.) 忍受的 ‎5．lack (vi.&vt.) 缺乏；没有 (n.) 缺乏；短缺的东西→lacking (adj.) 缺乏的；短缺的 ‎6．adjustment (n.) 调整；调节→adjust (vt.) 调整 ‎7．press (vi.&vt.) 按；压；逼迫 (n.) 按；压；印刷；新闻→pressure (n.) 压力 ‎8．optimistic (adj.) 乐观(主义)的→optimism (n.) 乐观主义 ‎9．instant (n.) 瞬间；片刻 (adj.) 立即的；立刻的→instantly (adv.) 立即；立刻 ‎10．representative (n.) 代表；典型人物 (adj.) 典型的；有代表性的→represent (v.) 代表 ‎11．settlement (n.) 定居；解决→settle (v.) 定居；解决→settler (n.) 定居者 ‎ 重点短语 ‎1．take_up　　　　　　　拿起；接受；开始；继续 ‎2．be_back_on_one's_feet (困境后)恢复；完全复原 ‎3．lose_sight_of... 看不见……‎ ‎4．sweep_up 打扫；横扫 ‎5．slide_into (快捷而悄声地)移动；溜进……‎ ‎6．speed_up 加速 ‎7．as_a_result 结果 ‎8．be_similar_to 与……相似 ‎9．in_all_directions 向四面八方 ‎10．show_sb._around 带领某人参观 ‎11．assist_in 帮助；援助；协助 ‎12．be_optimistic_about 对……感到乐观 ‎ 热点句型 ‎1.特殊疑问词＋插入语(do you think/suppose/expect/believe等)＋陈述语序 Which problems do_you_think (你认为)people will have overcome in one thousand years？(教材P17)‎ ‎2．形容词＋不定式(作状语)，主动表被动 At first my new surroundings were difficult_to_tolerate (难以忍受)．(教材P18)‎ ‎3．过去分词短语在句子中作状语 Hit_by_a_lack_of_fresh_air (由于缺乏新鲜空气), my head ached.(教材P18)‎ ‎4．make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ‎“Put on this mask，” he advised. “It will make_you_feel_much_better ‎”(使你感觉好些)．(教材P18)‎ ‎5．what引导的名词性从句 However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what_looked_like_a_large_market (一个看上去像是大市场的地方) because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.(教材P18)‎ ‎6．形容词作状语 Exhausted (我感到累极了), I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.(教材P18)‎ ‎7．where引导定语从句，修饰先行词system Well, now there's a system where_the_waste_is_disposed_of (能处理掉废弃物) using the principles of ecology.(教材P22)‎ ‎ 教材复现 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．I have to remind myself ________ (constant) that I am really in AD 3008.‎ 答案：constantly　句意：我不得不持续不断地提醒自己我真地在公元3008年。修饰动词应用副词。‎ ‎2．As ________ result, I suffered from “time lag”．‎ 答案：a　as a result“结果”。‎ ‎3．I can still remember the moment ________ the space stewardess called us to the capsule.‎ 答案：when　先行词为moment，定语从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。‎ ‎4．At first my new ________ (surrounding) were difficult to tolerate.‎ 答案：surroundings　由new可知此处应填名词，故填surroundings“环境”。‎ ‎5．I found later ________ their leaves provided the room ________ much—needed oxygen.‎ 答案：that; with　第一空考查宾语从句。从句中不缺句子成分且句意完整。故填that；第二空考查固定句式“provide sb. with sth.”意为“为某人提供某物”。‎ ‎6．Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment ________ this new situation, Wang Ping appeared.‎ 答案：to　make adjustment to“适应”。‎ ‎7．Soon I was back ________ my feet again, and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer.‎ 答案：on　be back on one's feet“恢复”。‎ ‎8．________ (arrive) at a strangerlooking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room.‎ 答案：Arriving　he与arrive为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填arriving。‎ ‎9．My first visit was to a space station ________ (consider) the most modern in space.‎ 答案：considered　句意：我首先参观的是一个被认为最现代化的太空站。由句意可知应用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎10．I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, ________ (absorb) by its efficiency.‎ 答案：absorbed　主语I与absorb为被动关系，故应填过去分词作状语。‎ ‎1　　impression　n．印象；感想；印记 First impressions. (P17)‎ 第一印象。‎ ‎(1)make/leave an impression on 给……留下印象 ‎(2)impress vt. 给……以深刻印象；使铭记 impress sb. with sth.＝impress sth. on sb. 使某人铭记某事物 be impressed by/with/at 对……印象深刻 ‎①[2015·福建高考]It is said that body language accounts for 55 percent of a_first_impression while what you say just 7 percent.‎ 据说肢体语言占第一印象的55%，而你说的话只占7%。‎ ‎②[2014·湖南高考]Also, I would be meeting new people, and properly ironed clothes would help me make_a__good__impression.‎ 当然，我会遇到新朋友，适当熨平的衣服会帮助我留下一个好印象。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]Much_impressed_by/at/with her diligence, the bankers has decided to sponsor her till she graduates from college.‎ 那位银行家被她的勤奋深深打动，决定资助她直到大学毕业。‎ ‎2　　lack　vi. & vt.缺乏；没有　n．缺乏；短缺的东西 Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. (P18)‎ 由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。‎ ‎(1)lack sth. 缺少……‎ ‎(2)for lack of sth. 因缺乏……；因没有……‎ a lack of sth. ……方面的短缺 no lack of 不缺乏 ‎(3)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的 be lacking in 缺少 ‎①[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ]You can't be successful when there's a_lack_of_trust in a relationship.‎ 当在某种关系当中缺乏信任时，你是不可能成功的。‎ ‎②[2015·四川高考]Dr Dominoni, who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns, said lack_of_sleep could put the birds' health at risk.‎ Dominoni博士，放了几部摄像机在鸟巢箱里，以追踪鸟类睡眠模式，说缺乏睡眠可能会使鸟类的健康处于危险之中。‎ ‎③[2014·福建高考]Strange as it may seem, if you're unsatisfied, the issue is not a_lack_of_means to meet your desires but a_lack_of_desires—not that you can't satisfy your tastes but that you don't have enough tastes.‎ 尽管看起来很奇怪，如果你不满意，问题不是没有满足渴望的手段，而是没有渴望，不是你不能够满足自己的喜好，而是你没有足够的喜好。‎ ‎④[必背佳句]For_lack_of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more.‎ 由于缺乏独特的文化，一些地方不再吸引游客。‎ ‎3　　tolerate　vt.容忍；忍受 At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. (P18)‎ 一开始，新的环境很难忍受。‎ ‎(1)tolerate (sb.) doing sth. 忍受/容忍(某人)做某事 ‎＝stand (sb.) doing sth.‎ ‎＝bear sb. doing/to do sth.‎ ‎(2)tolerate＝put up with 忍受；容忍 ‎(3)tolerance n. 容忍；宽容 ‎①[2014·江苏高考]In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated.‎ 在当代文化中，愤怒的肢体表现被认定为是对社会有伤害并且无法被容忍的。‎ ‎②[2015·陕西高考]However, we cannot always be intolerant of tardiness, for ordinary living requires some tolerance. ‎ 然而，我们不能总是不宽容迟到，因为普通的生活需要一些宽容。‎ ‎③[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ]They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear_to_let_it_happen again.‎ 他们受到了严重伤害，并且他们不能容忍这样的事情再次发生。‎ ‎④[必背佳句]The school can't tolerate students' cheating in exams.‎ 学校绝不容许学生考试作弊。‎ ‎4　　instant　n．瞬间；片刻　adj.立即的；立刻的 You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant it's sent.(P22)‎ 你把这种金属带子放在你的头上，排除杂念，按下发送键，集中精神想着你要传递的信息；片刻功夫信息就发出去了。‎ ‎ (1)in an instant＝instantly 立刻；马上 for an instant 一瞬间 ‎(2) ‎①[2014·课标全国卷Ⅰ]While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.‎ 虽然有一些令人吃惊的快速改观的故事，但是对我们大部分人来说，变化是循序渐进的，并且是需要很多努力和工作的，比如清理一条受到污染的河流。‎ ‎②[朗文词典]Jane burst out laughing the_instant she walked in.‎ 她一走进来，珍就大笑起来。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]We can't promise instant_solution,_but we can promise to listen.‎ 我们不能保证立刻给予解决，但能保证认真听取意见。‎ ‎－特别提示－‎ 表示“一……就……”的结构归纳：‎ as soon as; no sooner...than...; hardly...when...; immediately/directly/instantly＋句子； the instant/moment/minute/second＋句子； on＋(动)名词 过关演练 单句语法填空 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 ‎1．[2015·北京高考]Nicholas left Grylls a very deep ________ (impress) because he did the right things in the dangerous situation.‎ 答案：impression　leave/make a deep impression“留下深刻印象”。‎ ‎2．[2015·陕西高考]To be punctual one has to have selfdiscipline, and the ________ (lack) of it affects others.‎ 答案：lack　the/a lack of...“……的缺乏”。‎ ‎3．The ________ (instantly) I saw him I knew he was the man the police were looking for.‎ 答案：instant　句意：我一看见他就认出他正是警方在寻找的那个人。the instant＝instantly“一……就……”。‎ ‎4．The secret of happiness is to think about positive things and stay ________ (optimism)．‎ 答案：optimistic　根据空前的stay可知应填形容词作表语。句意：幸福的秘诀在于考虑积极的事情并且保持乐观。‎ ‎5．[2014·湖北高考]Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a ________ (tolerance) smile and let him go.‎ 答案：tolerant　修饰名词smile应用形容词，故填tolerant。‎ ‎6．[2015·陕西高考]________ (previously) generations concentrated on getting children to school on time, fed, dressed and ready to learn.‎ 答案：Previous　修饰名词generation应使用形容词，故填previous。‎ ‎7．[2014·四川高考]After a week, the two groups ________ (switch) with participants.‎ 答案：switched　语境叙述过去发生的事，故用一般过去时。句意：一周之后，这两个组交换了参与者。‎ ‎8．[2014·山东高考]You can brush with the Kolibree as if ________ (guide) by a dentist.‎ 答案：guided　句意：使用这款Kolibree牙刷刷牙就好像牙医在指导你刷牙。主语you与guide之间为被动关系，故填过去分词。‎ ‎9．She can't tolerate ________ (treat) that way.‎ 答案：being treated　句意：她无法忍受那样被对待。tolerate doing“容忍做某事”；又she和treat为被动关系，故填being treated。‎ ‎10．[2014·湖南高考]When neighbours want to get along well with each other, they have to show their ________ (tolerant)．‎ 答案：tolerance　句意：如果邻居想要彼此融洽相处，他们必须展示他们的宽容。‎ ‎1　　take up 拿起；接受；开始从事；继续；占用(时间)；占据(空间)‎ I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year.(P17)‎ 我仍然不能相信我是在接受这个去年获得的奖励。‎ ‎ take off 脱掉(衣服等)；起飞；事业腾飞 take over 接管 take apart 拆开 take down 写下；记下；拆除 take care of 照顾 take in 吸收，接纳；领会；欺骗 take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从事 take... for granted 认为……是理所当然的 ‎①[2015·陕西高考]Peter will take_up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.‎ 在下个月末Peter将开始担任旅行社领导的职位。‎ ‎②[2014·上海高考]Research has shown that twothirds of human conversation is taken_up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems.‎ 研究表明，三分之二的人的谈话与文化或政治问题无关。‎ ‎③[2014·江苏高考]This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take_up a good habit or drop a bad one.‎ 这种影响也可能让一个朋友远离毒品，或者帮助一个成年人养成一个好习惯或戒掉一个坏习惯。‎ ‎④[2015·湖北高考]If we don't take_care_of the earth, no one will.‎ 如果我们不保护地球，没有人会的。‎ ‎⑤[牛津词典]Don't be taken_in by his charm—he is ruthless.‎ 不要被他那迷人的风度所蒙蔽，其实他冷酷无情。‎ ‎2　　lose sight of 看不见 However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.(P18)‎ 但是，当我们到达一个看上去像是大市场的地方时，由于车辆朝四面八方飞奔，我看不见王平了。‎ ‎ ‎①[2014·江西高考]Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people here.‎ 医生被教给最新的可以为当地人们恢复视力的技术。‎ ‎②[牛津词典]Out_of_sight,_out of mind.‎ 眼不见，心不烦。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]I felt very glad, for I caught_sight_of my old friend in the crowd.‎ 我非常高兴，因为在人群中我看见了我的老朋友。‎ ‎3　　speed up 加速 When we wanted the hovering carriage to speed up, we pressed down hard on the driving pedal and bent over in the direction we wanted to go.(P20)‎ 当我们想让气垫车加速时，我们就用力踏驱动踏板，并且向想去的方向俯身。‎ ‎ ‎①[2015·北京高考]Light moves through each at_a_different_speed.‎ 光以不同的速度穿过每一种物质。‎ ‎②[2014·辽宁高考]Students are increasingly using laptops for notetaking because_of_speed and legibility.‎ 因为手提电脑的速度和清晰度，越来越多的学生用它作笔记。‎ ‎③[2014·重庆高考]Basilicus, a lizard (蜥蜴) can run across water at_a_certain_speed.‎ Basilicus这种蜥蜴可以在一定的速度下从水面穿行。‎ ‎④[必背佳句]Plenty of fresh air and exercise will speed_up his recovery.‎ 充足的新鲜空气和体育锻炼将加速他的康复。‎ 过关演练 选词填空 lose sight of； sweep up； take up； be back on one's feet； take on； at first sight； for lack of； the instant ‎1．We tried to find a table for seven, but they were all ________.‎ 答案：taken up ‎2．Only a shortsighted man will ________ the importance of education.‎ 答案：lose sight of ‎3．Shortly after an earthquake, the city ________ a new look.‎ 答案：took on ‎4．After six hours' sleep, he ________ now.‎ 答案：is back on his feet ‎5．________he got home, he closed the door and was lost in thought.‎ 答案：The instant ‎6．Several research institutions were closed down ________ fund.‎ 答案：for lack of ‎7．The strong wind ________ the leaves in the street.‎ 答案：swept up ‎8．We fell in love with the smartphone ________， but much to our regret, it was too dear.‎ 答案：at first sight ‎1　　Exhausted,_I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.(P18)‎ 我感到累极了，爬到床上很快就睡着了。‎ exhausted为形容词化的分词在句中作原因状语，相当于as I was exhausted。形容词(短语)或形容词化的分词在句中除充当原因状语外，还可充当时间、条件、伴随、方式、让步状语等。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2015·陕西高考]After five days of space trip, the two astronauts walked out of the spaceship, tired_but_happy.‎ 五天的太空旅行之后，两位宇航员走出宇宙飞船，疲劳但非常高兴。‎ ‎②[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ]Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened.‎ 看到这些西红柿我很高兴，我的幸福感也更深了。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]He spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold_and_hungry.‎ 他饥寒交迫地在风雪中度过了七天。‎ ‎2　　Inside_was_an_exhibition of the most uptodate inventions of the 31st century.(P22)‎ 太空站里展出了31世纪最先进的发明。‎ out， in， into， down， up， away， here， now， then， there等表示方位和时间的副词和表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。当主语为代词时不倒装。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2015·湖北高考]Into the complete silence of the waiting class came the teacher's sweet voice, “Good morning, children.”‎ 在全班同学静静的等待中传来了老师甜甜的嗓音：“孩子们，早上好。”‎ ‎②[2015·福建高考]Here_are_my_tips for you.‎ 这是我给你的提示。‎ ‎③At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River lies Chongqing, one of the ten largest cities in China.‎ 重庆是中国十大城市之一，位于长江和嘉陵江的交汇处。‎ ‎④Down_came_the_rain and up_went_the_umbrellas.‎ 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。‎ ‎[注]　Here he comes.(当主语为代词时不倒装)‎ 过关演练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 ‎1．Not ________ (satisfy) with what she said he left angrily.‎ 答案：satisfied　句意：由于对她所说的话不满意，他气愤地离开了。主语为he，故填形容词satisfied。‎ ‎2．________ (frighten), she asked me to go with her.‎ 答案：Frightened　形容词作状语，修饰主语she，句意：由于害怕，她要我跟她一起去。‎ ‎3．In ________ (come) a man with a white beard.‎ 答案：came　考查全部倒装。介词位于句首，且叙述过去发生的事，故填came。‎ ‎4．At the foot of the mountain ________ (lie) a beautiful lake.‎ 答案：lies　本句为倒装句，主语为a beautiful lake，故填lies。‎ ‎5．She returned home, ________ (tiring) from her day in the city of London.‎ 答案：tired　主语为she，故应填形容词tired，在此处作状语。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．________， the passenger was sent to the nearest hospital at once.‎ 由于严重受伤，这位乘客被立刻送往最近的医院。‎ 答案：Seriously injured ‎2．Between the two buildings ________ (stand) a tall tree.‎ 两座楼之间有棵大树。‎ 答案：stands ‎3．In ________ (come) the headmaster, ________ (follow) by a group of teachers.‎ 校长进来了，后面跟着一群学生。‎ 答案：came; followed 过去分词作状语 过去分词在句中一般能作时间、原因、条件、让步和方式状语，相当于各类状语从句，一般表示被动的动作，也表示动作已经完成，具体情况如下：‎ ‎1．时间状语 可在过去分词前加上连词when, while, until等。‎ Seen (see) from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.‎ ‎＝When (the park is) seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.‎ ‎2．原因状语 Greatly touched (touch) by the teacher's words, the boy devoted all his time to study.‎ ‎＝Because (the boy was) touched by the teacher's words, he devoted all his time to study.‎ ‎3．条件状语 Given (give) more time, we could do it much better.‎ ‎＝If (we were) given more time, we could do it much better.‎ ‎4．让步状语，相当于although或though引导的让步状语从句 Left (leave) at home, John didn't feel afraid at all.‎ ‎＝Although (he was) left at home, John didn't feel afraid at all.‎ ‎5．方式、伴随状语 The teacher entered the classroom, followed (follow) by a group of students.‎ ‎＝The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of students.‎ 注意：①选择现在分词还是过去分词作状语，关键是看主句的主语。如果分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就用现在分词，反之用过去分词。‎ Used (use) for a long time, the book looks old.‎ Using (use) the book, I find it useful.‎ ‎②连词＋分词/分词短语 有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词，连词有：when, while, if, after, before等，但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。‎ While waiting (wait) there, he saw two students come out of the building.‎ When asked (ask) the secret of his success, he owed it to his wife and children.‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 ‎1．________ (break) down on the high way, his car was carried away by the police.‎ 答案：Broken　句意：由于他的车在高速公路上坏了，于是被警察拖走了。break down与句子主句his car为逻辑上的动宾关系，在句中作原因状语，故用Broken。‎ ‎2．________ (give) the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.‎ 答案：Given　句意：如果被给予正确的训练，这些青少年足球运动员有一天会成为国际明星。由句意可知应用过去分词作状语。‎ ‎3．Once ________ (publish), the novel will be very popular.‎ 答案：published　the novel与publish为被动关系，故应填过去分词，在此处作状语。‎ ‎4．[2015·湖南高考]When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, ________ (wonder) whether to stay or leave.‎ 答案：‎ wondering　句意：当那位职员看到一张善良，满是皱纹又带着歉意的微笑的脸时，她呆呆地站在那里，考虑是走还是留。主语she与wonder为逻辑上的主谓关系，且wonder与stood的动作是同时发生的，故用wondering，在此处作伴随状语。‎ ‎5．The old man got on the bus, ________ (support) by a girl.‎ 答案：supported　the old man与support为被动关系，故填过去分词supported，在此处作方式状语。‎