2020届一轮复习人教版必修八Unit5Meeingyourancestors单元学案（32页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修八Unit5Meeingyourancestors单元学案（32页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修八Unit5Meeing your ancestors单元学案 ‎(一)课前自主学习 Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．beast n．　　　　　　 　　　 野兽 ‎2．quilt n. 被子；棉被 ‎3．onion n. 洋葱 ‎4．skateboard n. 滑板 ‎5．yogurt n. 酸奶；酸乳酪 ‎6．melon n. (各种)瓜 ‎7．wrinkle n. 皱纹 ‎8．spear n. 矛；枪 ‎9．eyebrow n. 眉毛 ‎10．arrowhead n. 箭头 ‎11．excavate vt. 挖掘；发掘 ‎12．craftsmanship n. 技艺；手艺；精工细作 ‎13．hammer n. 铁锤；锤子 ‎14．tentative adj. 试探性的；不确定的 ‎15．ample adj. 足够的；充足的；富裕的 ‎16．scratch n. (刮、抓、划的)痕迹；搔；挠 vt. 搔；抓；擦伤；刮坏 ‎17．dizzy adj. 头晕目眩的；眩晕的；使人 ‎ 发晕或困惑的 ‎18．primitive adj. 原始的；远古的；简陋的 ‎19．howl vt.& vi. 嗥叫；叫喊；吼叫 n. 长嚎；嗥叫 ‎20．worship vt.& vi. 崇拜；敬奉 n. 崇拜；敬神 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．acute adj. 有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；‎ ‎ 深刻的 ‎2．alternative n.‎ adj.[纵联1] ‎3．somehow adv. 以……方式；不知怎么地 ‎4．album n. 相册；集邮册；唱片 ‎5．spit vt. 吐出 (唾液、食物等)‎ vi. 吐痰 ‎6．delete vt. 删；删除 ‎7．pulse vi. 强烈而有规律地跳动；搏动 n. 脉搏；节拍 ‎8．category n. 种类；类别；范畴 ‎9．arrest vt. 逮捕；吸引 n. 逮捕；拘留 ‎10．kindergarten n. 幼儿园 ‎11．regardless adv. 管；不顾 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．identify vt.确认；识别；鉴别→identification n．辨认；鉴定→identity n．身份；一致；同一性 ‎2．archaeology n．考古学→archaeological_ adj.考古学的；与考古学有关的→archaeologist_ n．考古学家 ‎3．starvation n．挨饿；饿死→starve vi.挨饿；饿死 ‎4．accuracy n．精确；准确→accurate adj.准确的；精确的→accurately adv.准确地；精确地[纵联2]‎ ‎5．interrupt vt.&vi.打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止→interruption n．打断；打岔；中止 ‎6．assume vt.假定；设想→assuming_ conj.假设；假定→assumption n．设想；假定；担任[纵联3]‎ ‎7．sharpen vi.& vt.(使)锋利；尖锐；清晰；削尖→sharp_ adj.锋利的→sharpener_ n．磨具；削具 ‎8．messy adj.凌乱的；脏的→mess_ n．凌乱；脏 ‎9．analysis n．分析→analyses (pl.)→analyse vt.分析 ‎10．ripen vt.& vi.使……成熟；成熟→ripe adj.成熟的 ‎11．significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义→significant adj.重要的 ‎12．systematic adj.有系统的；有计划的；有条理的→systematically adv.系统地→system_ n．系统；制度 ‎13．academy n．学院；学会；学术团体；院校→academic_ adj.学术的 ‎14．receptionist n．接待员；招待员→receive v．接收→reception n．接待；接收 ‎15．division n．划分；分割；分配；分界线→divide v．分开；分割；划分 ‎16．applaud vi.& vt.鼓掌欢迎；赞赏→applause n．鼓掌 ‎17．accelerate vi.& vt.加速；促进→acceleration n．加速度 ‎18．skilful adj.有技巧的；熟练的→skill n．技能；技巧→skilled_ adj.熟练的；有技能的 纵联1.多种“选择”供你选 ‎①alternative n．可能的选择　　　 ②option n．选择 ‎③optional adj.可选择的 ④choice n．选择 ‎⑤choose v．选择 ⑥select v．挑选 ‎⑦elect v．推举；选择 ⑧pick v．挑选 ‎⑨vote v．& n．选出；选举 纵联2.cy 名词后缀词速记 ‎①accuracy准确；精确 ②efficiency效率；效能 ‎③fluency流畅；流利 ④frequency屡次；频率 ‎⑤tendency倾向；趋势 ⑥agency代理；中介 ‎⑦currency货币；通货 ⑧emergency 紧急情况 纵联3.v.ing也可以是介词或连词 ‎①assuming conj.　　　　　　　 假设；假定 ‎②considering prep. 鉴于；考虑到 ‎③including prep. 包含；包括 ‎④supposing conj. 假设；假如 ‎⑤providing conj. 假设；如果 ‎⑥concerning prep. 关于 ‎⑦following prep. 在……之后 单元话题——考古与古代文化 子话题1　考古 ‎①anthropologist n．人类学家　 ②human n．人类 ‎ ‎③origin n．起源 ④ruins n．遗迹；废墟 ‎⑤remains n．遗迹；遗骸 ⑥relic n．遗物；文物 ‎⑦skull n．颅骨 ⑧tribe n．部落 ‎⑨originate v．起源于 ⑩prehistoric adj.史前的 子话题2　文化渊源 ‎①forefather n．祖先；前辈　 　 ②era n．时代 ‎③ancient adj.古代的 ④period n．时期 ‎⑤civilization n．文明 ⑥dynasty n．朝代 ‎⑦emperor n．皇帝 ⑧slavery n．奴隶制度 ‎ ‎⑨occupy vt.攻占；占领 ⑩sacrifice vt.牺牲 ‎⑪aggression n．侵略 ⑫revolution n．革命 ‎⑬historical adj.与历史有关的 ⑭historic adj.有历史意义的 ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2018·北京高考阅读D)It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads.But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems❶and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.‎ While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how selfdriving vehicles can help reduce❷ traffic jams, cut ‎ emissions (排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options❸.The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.‎ ‎①写出system在本单元的形容词：systematic,_意为“有系统的；有条理的”‎ ‎②写出加彩词在本单元的反义词：accelerate,_意为“加速；促进”；联想一下，我们学过的表示“加速”的短语有pick_up_speed,_speed_up ‎③写出option在本单元的近义词：alternative ‎2．(2016·天津高考阅读A)Regardless❶ of your choice of course, you'll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively.‎ Our Standard Course guarantees a significant❷increase in your confidence in a foreign language, with focused teaching in all 4 skill areas — speaking, listening, reading and writing.‎ ‎①加彩词在此处与of构成短语，意为：不管 ‎②significant的词性为形容词，意为：显著的，在本单元的同根名词为：significance 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎(2016·浙江高考书面表达)计划具有重要意义，因为它系统地安排了我们如何做我们想做的事情。(significance, systematically)‎ Planning_is_of_significance_because_it_arranges_systematically_how_we_do_what_we_want_to_do.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．alternative adj.供选择的；其他的n.可能的选择；选择对象 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)an alternative to　　　　　 ……的替代物(to是介词)‎ have the alternative of A or B 要么做A，要么做B；在A或B二者中选一个 have no alternative/choice/option but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事 ‎(2)“别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达形式：‎ can't do sth.but do sth.; ‎ can do nothing but do sth.‎ ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①The Internet also provides us with a cheap alternative to communicating (communicate) with others.‎ ‎②The App asks its users to report accidents and other road conditions in real time so other users can avoid the traffic by using an alternative route.‎ ‎[写美]　一句多译 失败乃成功之母。有时候，为了成功，我们不得不勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。‎ ‎③Failure is the mother of success.Sometimes, in order to succeed, we have no alternative but to face failure bravely and learn from it.(alternative)‎ ‎④Failure is the mother of success.Sometimes, in order to succeed, we can do nothing but face failure bravely and learn from it.(nothing)‎ ‎2．interrupt vt.& vi.打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)be interrupted by　　　　 被……打断/阻断 ‎(2)interruption n. 打扰；插嘴；打岔；阻断物 without interruption 连续地；不断地 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①He was writing a poem when he was_interrupted (interrupt) by a knock at the door.‎ ‎②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Interruptions (interrupt) are one of the worst things to deal with while you're trying to get work done.‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎③(2018·北京高考书面表达)为了帮助他们更好地了解我们的饮茶文化，我们带他们去了我们学校的茶室。在那里，我连续几小时不间断地向他们介绍了泡茶的历史和不同种类的茶。 ‎ To help them better understand our teadrinking culture, we took them to the tea room in our school, where_I_introduced_the_history_of_teamaking_and_different_kinds_of_tea_to_them_for_several_hours_without_interruption.‎ ‎3．assume vt.假定；设想 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)assume ...to be ...　　　　 假定/假设……是……‎ It is assumed that ... 一般认为……‎ ‎(2)assumption n. 假定；假设 make an assumption 认为；假定 ‎(3)assuming (that) ... 假设/假定……‎ ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①If you make an assumption (assume) that something is true or will happen, you accept that it is true or will happen.‎ ‎②It is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future.‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎③假设这个计划是可行的，你将如何实现它呢？‎ Assuming_that_the_plan_is_practical,_how will you achieve it?‎ ‎4．significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)be of significance to ...　　　 对……有重要意义 attach significance to ... 认为……重要 ‎(2)significant adj. 重要的；明显的 It is significant that 很明显……‎ ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①In my view, practicing handwriting is of great significance (significant) to the students' growth.‎ ‎②She showed special concern for the college students and attached much significance to educating (educate) them.‎ ‎③It is significant (significance) that nowadays fiber is still considered to be an important part of a healthy diet.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④我坚信我们越多地了解这个名言的意义，我们在日常学习和工作中就会获益越多。‎ I_firmly_believe_that_the_more_we_are_aware_of_the_significance_of_this_famous_saying,_the_more_benefits_we_will_get_in_our_daily_study_and_job.‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　 　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．The government has taken tentative (试探性的) steps towards solving the country's economic problems.‎ ‎2．At our hotel, services are available to all, regardless (不管) of ‎ income or social status.‎ ‎3．The plants need the right amount of sunlight and rain to grow and ripen (成熟)．‎ ‎4．As we all know, most of us middle school students feel somehow (不知怎么地) nervous whenever we're taking an important exam.‎ ‎5．What's worse, they spat/spit (吐痰) and even threw rubbish into the lake, totally ignoring the noticeable sign “No Littering” nearby.‎ ‎6．Delete (删除) the things that you don't really need, so you can save a lot of resources.‎ ‎7．He was arrested (逮捕) for spreading rumors on the Internet.‎ ‎8．My grandma still has very acute (敏锐的) hearing, though she is eighty.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．He added that probiotics (益生菌) were not an alternative to a healthy diet.‎ ‎2．It is commonly assumed that the growth of GDP and the development of people's living conditions are not necessarily cause and effect.‎ ‎3．I am not accustomed to being_interrupted (interrupt) when studying or working.‎ ‎4．Nothing in the room is in a mess, so I think they couldn't have searched it.‎ ‎5．The mechanic who wishes to do his work well must first sharpen (sharp) his tools.‎ ‎6．The escaped prisoner got arrested (arrest) immediately he turned up at the railway station and was sent to prison again.‎ ‎7．Scientists _have_identified (identify) more than forty chemicals in ‎ tobacco smoke that cause cancer in humans and animals.‎ ‎8．In contrast to our ignorance of saving food, many people especially those in povertystricken areas are suffering from starvation (starve)．‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．Assumed that the weather is favorable, farmers will have a good harvest.‎ Assumed→Assuming ‎2．The audience evidently liked the play because they applaud for two minutes at the end.applaud→applauded ‎3．I'm very sorry to interrupt with you, but I have something very important to tell you.去掉with ‎4．Only students skillfully at swimming can take up this activity.skillfully→skillful ‎5．Our government tried hard to improve our living conditions by accelerate the rate of economic growth.accelerate→accelerating Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．如果你想脱颖而出，除了努力工作别无选择。(alternative)‎ If you want to stand out, there_is_no_alternative_but_to_work_hard.‎ ‎2．人们普遍认为压力是由工作太多导致的。(assume)‎ It_is_generally_assumed_that stress is caused by too much work.‎ ‎3．新药品的发现对患癌症的人意义非凡。 (significance)‎ The discovery of the new drug is of_great_significance_to people suffering from cancer.‎ ‎4．上海已经加速了成为世界级的旅游胜地的步伐。(accelerate)‎ Shanghai has_accelerated_the_pace_of_becoming a worldclass tourist destination.‎ ‎5．请原谅我打扰你。(interrupt)‎ ‎_Please_excuse_me_for_my_interrupting_you.‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 [串记1]　 至多；最多 ‎2．cut_up 切碎；伤心 ‎3．care_about 在乎；关心 ‎4．be_aware_of 意识到 ‎5．regardless_of 不管；不顾 ‎6．keep_out 关在门外；不准入内 [串记2] 受够了；饱受；厌烦 ‎8．look_ahead 向前看；为将来打算 [串记3] 追溯到；始于 ‎10．with/in_relief 轻松地；欣慰地；‎ ‎ 如释重负地 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“at＋名词或代词”短语荟萃 ‎①at most至多；最多　　　　　 　 ②at least至少 ‎③at present目前；现在 ④at work在工作 ‎⑤at ease自由自在地 串记2.“厌烦；讨厌”一族速记 ‎①fed up with受够了；厌烦 ②be tired of厌烦于 ‎③be bored of厌倦于 ④be sick of讨厌 串记3.无被动语态的动词短语聚焦 ‎①date from/back to追溯到 ②belong to属于 ‎③consist of由……组成 ④come true变成现实 ‎⑤take place发生 ⑥break out爆发 ‎⑦run out用光 ⑧come up提出 ‎1．keep them warm　　　　　　　　　保暖 ‎2．suffer from 遭受 ‎3．be made of 由……做成的 ‎4．show sb.round 带某人参观 ‎5．be worried about 担心 ‎6．fill in the chart 填写表格 ‎7．make fires 生火 ‎8．a great honour for sb. 对某人来说很荣幸 ‎1．Our evidence suggests_that_they_did_wear clothes made from animal skins.‎ 我们的证据表明他们的确穿用兽皮做成的衣服。‎ ‎2．Yes, indeed, as_the_botanical_analyses_have_shown_us,_all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.‎ 是的，很对。正如植物学的分析结果已经告诉我们的，这儿四周曾是一个很大浅水湖的一部分。‎ ‎3．If_only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!‎ 她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！‎ ‎4．Abruptly she sat down, only_to_be_scooped_up by her laughing,‎ ‎ shouting sister, Luna.‎ 她突然坐了下来，结果被爱吵闹的妹妹露娜一把抱了起来。‎ ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的短语(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours at_most (至多)．‎ ‎2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ阅读D)Stonehenge is one of the world's most famous prehistoric monuments dating_back (追溯到) over 5,000 years.‎ 高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式(补全句子/翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2013·江西高考书面表达)我们已经厌倦了紧张的学习计划，在‎4月10日组织了一次爬山活动来放松自己。(fed up with)‎ We_had_been_fed_up_with_tight_study_schedule and organized a mountainclimbing on April 10 to relax ourselves.‎ ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)众所周知，中国人非常重视餐桌礼仪。(as引导非限制性定语从句)‎ As_is_known_to_all,_Chinese_people_attach_great_significance_to_good_table_manners.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．regardless of不管；不顾 ‎[记牢]‎ despite/in spite of　　　　　 尽管；不管 with regard to 关于；至于 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①She is determined to do it regardless of all consequences.‎ ‎②Dr.Bethune continued working in spite of cutting his hand during an operation.‎ ‎③With regard to my favorite Chinese poet, I'd like to introduce Du Fu to you.‎ ‎[用准]　(1)regardless of强调不认为……重要，从而不加以重视或考虑。‎ ‎(2)regardless of ...后可接whether, what引导的从句，而despite/in spite of后常接名词，不接从句。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④(2016·江苏高考书面表达)除此之外，网络使调查和投票无论在时间上还是空间上变得容易、方便了。‎ In addition, the Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient, regardless_of_time_and_space.‎ ‎2．date back (to ...)追溯到；始于 ‎[记牢]‎ date from　　　　　　　　　　 追溯到；始于；起源于 out of date 过时的 up to date (with ...) 赶上(……的)潮流 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①My interest in stamp collecting dates (date) back to my schooldays.‎ ‎②Dating (date) from 1933, the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of the Changchun city.‎ ‎③Everyone should keep on getting himself educated so as to be up to date with modern technology.‎ ‎[用准]　date back to和date from一般不用于进行时态。作后置定语时，常用现在分词。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④(2018·北京高考书面表达)中国饮茶文化源远流长，可以追溯到1 000多年前。‎ Chinese teadrinking culture has a long history dating_back_to_more_than_1,000_years_ago.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ if only ...“要是……就好了”‎ ‎[教材原句]　If_only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)If only he had_lain (lie) quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.‎ ‎(2)Constant quarrels between my parents are driving me crazy.If only I had (have) a warm and harmonious family.‎ ‎(3)If only it would_stop (stop) raining, we could go for a walk.‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 if only ...用来表达愿望，句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。(1)if only ...had done ...表示与过去事实相反的愿望 ‎(2)if only ...did ...表示与现在事实相反的愿望(3)if only ...could/would/might do ...表示与将来事实相反的愿望(不用should)‎ 注意事项 only if 是由only后接if条件状语从句构成，only仅起强调作用，意为“只有”，位于句首时， 主句要进行部分倒装。如：Only if you are aware of the importance of English can/will you learn it ‎ well.‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2015·重庆高考写作)If only I could go back and reset my goals！(要点句)‎ ‎(2)In fact, he inspired me to major in English in college.If only I had lived in his times and listened to his guidance！(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 date back to， at most， be aware of， with relief， cut up， look ahead， fed up with， regardless of ‎ ‎1．Regardless_of your choice of course, you'll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively.‎ ‎2．Every year, a good many tourists are attracted to visit the old tower dating_back_to the eleventh century.‎ ‎3．“Cut_up the meat before you put them into the pot”， mother told me.‎ ‎4．The librarian told us that we could borrow at_most three books at a time.‎ ‎5．Whenever we are in trouble, we must look_ahead and encourage ourselves.‎ ‎6．I wouldn't like to work together with him, I am fed_up_with his laziness and carelessness.‎ ‎7．Having finished all the housework, Mary dropped herself into the sofa, sighing with_relief.‎ ‎8．The good news is that we are_aware_of the importance of fresh water and its shortage we are facing.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．像我们所期望的那样，迈克参加了会议。 (as引导非限制性定语从句)‎ Mike, as_we_expected,_attended the meeting.‎ ‎2．这位新闻记者终于打通了这位著名的电影明星的电话，结果却被告知他不想接受采访。(only to do)‎ The news reporter managed to get through the famous film star, only_to_be_told he didn't want to be interviewed.‎ ‎3．老板建议召开一次会议，这表明他对我们的计划感兴趣。 (suggest that ...)‎ The boss suggested_holding a meeting and it suggested_that_he_was_interested_in_our_plan.‎ ‎4．凯西在她儿子出生时辞了职，以便能够待在家里照顾孩子。(so that ...)‎ Cathy had quit her job when her son was born so_that_she_could_stay_at_home and look after her baby.‎ ‎5．要是我没有放弃那次进一步学习的机会就好了！(if only)‎ If_only_I_hadn't_given_up the chance to study further!‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 请根据以下提示，写一篇介绍“大克鼎”的英语短文。‎ ‎1．大克鼎1890年出土于陕西省扶风县，可追溯到西周后期，现收藏于上海博物馆。‎ ‎2．大克鼎由青铜铸造，高93.1厘米，重201.5千克。‎ ‎3．在原始社会，鼎是社会地位和权力的象征，也用于烹饪和祭祀仪式。大克鼎一直被认为是研究西周经济和文化的重要物品。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 参考词汇：大克鼎Da Keding　青铜bronze　西周Western Zhou Dynasty　出土于unearth　用于祭献的sacrificial 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 ‎1．审题：①文体：说明文　②人称：主要是第三人称 ‎③时态：主要是一般现在时 ‎2．本文要点具体、明确，审题、拟点没有困难，可以从以下两方面构思：‎ 要点1：介绍大克鼎的相关情况(出土的时间、地点及大克鼎的材质和重量)；‎ 要点2：讲述该鼎在历史上的地位和文化作用。‎ 要点1－①：大克鼎1890年出土于陕西省扶风县，可追溯到西周后期，现收藏于上海博物馆。(定语从句，preserve)‎ Da_Keding,_which_dates_back_to_the_late_Western_Zhou_Dynasty,_was_unearthed_in_Fufeng_County,_Shaanxi_Province_in_1890.It_is_now_preserved_in_Shanghai_Museum.‎ 要点1－②：大克鼎由青铜铸造，高‎93.1厘米，重‎201.5千克。‎ Da_Keding_is_made_of_bronze.It_is_93.1_centimetres_high_and_weighs_201.5_kilograms.‎ 要点2－①：在原始社会，鼎是社会地位和权力的象征，也用于烹饪和祭祀仪式。(primitive, represent)‎ In_primitive_society,_Ding_was_used_to_represent_the_social_status_and_power_and_was_also_used_for_cooking_and_sacrificial_ceremonies.‎ 要点2－②：大克鼎对研究西周经济和文化很重要。(significance)‎ Da_Keding_is_of_great_significance_to_the_study_of_the_economy_and_culture_during_the_Western_Zhou_Dynasty.‎ 要点2－③：人们一直认为它是研究中国历史的珍宝之一。‎ People_have_been_regarding_it_as_one_of_the_precious_treasures_to_the_study_of_Chinese_history.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行添枝加叶，补充一些句子成分或用高级表达升级。要点1－②可以用非谓语动词作状语改写升级；要点2－①使用not only ...but also ...句型；要点2－②增加句型it is assumed that ...让句子更加丰满。‎ 升级要点1－②：由青铜铸造，大克鼎高‎93.1厘米，重‎201.5千克。(非谓语动词作状语)‎ Made_of_bronze，Da_Keding_is_93.1_centimetres_high_and_weighs_201.5_kilograms.‎ 升级要点2－①：在原始社会，鼎是社会地位和权力的象征，也用于烹饪和祭祀仪式。(not only ...but also ...)‎ In_primitive_society,_Ding_was_not_only_used_to_represent_the_social_status_and_power_but_also_used_for_cooking_and_sacrificial_ceremonies.‎ 拓展要点2－②：大家都认为大克鼎对研究西周经济和文化很重要。(It is assumed that ...)‎ It_is_assumed_that_Da_Keding_is_of_great_significance_to_the_study_of_the_economy_and_culture_during_the_Western_Zhou_Dynasty.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 在连句成文时，要注意要点间的逻辑关系，衔接连贯性，可以添加过渡性词汇as we all know， therefore， and使文章衔接自然，行文连贯。‎ Da_Keding,_which_dates_back_to_the_late_Western_Zhou_Dynasty,_‎ was_unearthed_in_Fufeng_County,_Shaanxi_Province_in_1890.It_is_now_preserved_in_Shanghai_Museum.‎ Made_of_bronze,_Da_Keding_is_93.1_centimetres_high_and_weighs_201.5_kilograms.As_we_all_know,_in_primitive_society,_Ding_was_not_only_used_to_represent_the_social_status_and_power_but_also_used_for_cooking_and_sacrificial_ceremonies.Therefore,_it_is_assumed_that_Da_Keding_is_of_great_significance_to_the_study_of_the_economy_and_culture_during_the_Western_Zhou_Dynasty.And_people_have_been_regarding_it_as_one_of_the_precious_treasures_to_the_study_of_Chinese_history.‎ 掌握阅读技能之(七)　概括 概括能力要求较高，不仅考查略读文章、领会大意的能力，还考查能从文中提炼要点、并对要点进行归纳、加工的能力。在高考试题中大多会问及短文主题、标题、作者的写作意图、短文的学科分类及读者对象等。‎ ‎[高考典例1]　2016·浙江卷·C篇 Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort — the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world — is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution (进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive (认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something 该段谈到要从科学研究的角度看待儿童的发展，说我们追求科学的态度其实源于我们的儿童时代。由此概括出该段主旨是B项“研究婴儿的游戏或许有助于更好地理解科学”。‎ ‎ out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, “It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”‎ Q：What is the main idea of the last paragraph?‎ A．The world may be more clearly explained through children's play.‎ B．Studying babies' play may lead to a better understanding of science.‎ C．Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.‎ D．One's drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.‎ ‎[高考典例2]　2016·江苏卷·C篇 The most recent powerful Nin， in 199798, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Nino come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute ( ODI ), however, just 12% of disasterrelief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on riskreduction saves at least two on reconstruction.‎ ODI的数据分析 Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道) make it less likely that heavy ‎ rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and coauthors, civil conflict is related to El Nin's harmful effects — and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nin， reducing their losses needs to be the priority. 如何防止厄尔尼诺带来次生灾害 Q：What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?‎ A．To introduce El Nin and its origin.‎ B．To explain the consequences of El Nin.‎ C．To show ways of fighting against El Nin.‎ D．To urge people to prepare for El Nin.‎ 作者从上面两个方面鼓励人们以正向心态积极应对厄尔尼诺现象。故选D项。‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 40分钟 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Though the harmful effects of plastic on wildlife and human health are welldocumented, this material is hard to avoid.Nearly everything we touch, from grocery bags to drink bottles, to food packaging, contains ‎ plastic.Now, Amsterdam's Ekoplaza supermarket is making it a little easier for consumers to reduce consumption of singleuse plastic bags and containers, which are blocking our landfills at alarming rates, with a special plasticfree aisle (通道)．Believed to be the world's first, the aisle has 700 products on sale including rice, beans, yogurt, chocolate milk, cereal, snacks and meat.‎ While items still require packaging, everything is housed inside reusable or recyclable containers made of glass, metal or cardboard.The unique idea was given to the grocerychain officials by UKbased environmental group A Plastic Planet, which takes the lead to advocate for at least one plasticfree aisle in supermarkets around the globe.The nonprofit has even created a signature “plasticfree” mark to help consumers identify ecofriendly packaging. “This is a consumerled campaign，” said a group cofounder Sian Sutherland. “We're a grassroots organization.So obviously we're working with industry and the government, but most importantly, we represent the public.”‎ Ekoplaza, which plans to roll out the plasticfree aisles across its 74 stores by the end of the year, is not the only company trying to reduce plastic waste.In Berlin, the Original Unverpackt grocery store has been trying to change customer habits since 2014 by selling everything, from grain to produce and even soaps without plastic packaging.The supermarket, which requires customers to bring their own reusable containers, even sells chewable toothpaste that needs no tubes.‎ Though it is encouraging to see companies trying to make a difference, for real change to happen, consumers have to avoid products encased in plastics, even if it means giving up their favorite food or drink.As Sutherland put it, “Plastic food and drink packaging remains useful and yet a destructive presence on the earth for centuries ‎ afterwards.”‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了超市在减少塑料包装上的努力。‎ ‎1．What does Ekoplaza want to do by setting up a plasticfree aisle?‎ A．Cut down managing cost.‎ B．Reduce plasticpackaging.‎ C．Make shopping much easier.‎ D．Increase the amount of sales.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Now, Amsterdam's Ekoplaza supermarket is making ... with a special plasticfree aisle (通道)．”可知，Ekoplaza设立无塑料通道是为了减少塑料包装，故选B。‎ ‎2．Which of the following can make a real difference?‎ A．Consumers.　　　　　　 B．Supermarkets.‎ C．Organizations. D．Companies.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可推知，尽管公司正在尽力发挥作用，但是只有作为塑料包装消费主体的消费者行动起来才会减少塑料垃圾，故选A。‎ ‎3．What does Sutherland think of plastic packaging in the future?‎ A．It will be of no use to consumers.‎ B．It will exist for a long time.‎ C．It will disappear in this century.‎ D．It will replace other containers.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“Plastic food and drink packaging remains useful and yet a destructive presence on the earth for centuries afterwards.”可知，塑料包装还会存在很长一段时间，故选B。‎ ‎4．What might be the title of the passage?‎ A．Plastics Are Harmful to the Environment B．Nonprofits Can Help the Supermarkets C．Consumers Should Change Shopping Habits D．Supermarkets Take Action for a Cleaner Planet 解析：选D　标题归纳题。根据第一段的导入和最后一段的总结可知，本文主要介绍了超市在减少塑料包装上的努力，故选D。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 John Carpenter didn't like to buy toys that somebody else had made.He liked the fun of __1__ them himself.The thought that they were his own work __2__ him.‎ Tom, one of his playmates, thought a toy was worth nothing __3__ it cost a great deal of money.He never tried to make __4__， but bought all his toys.“Come and look at my horse，” said he, one day，“it __5__ a dollar, and it is such a beauty！” John was soon __6__ his friend's horse, and he was examining it __7__ to see how it was made.The same evening he tried to make a __8__ one for himself.He went into the wood shed and __9__ two pieces of wood — one for the head of his horse, the other for the body.It took him two or three days to shape them to his __10__.But what about the wheels? This __11__ him.With great efforts, he finally got some __12__ pieces of wood which could suit his __13__.Proud of his great __14__，he ran to his friend Tom, crying，“Now then, Tom, here is my horse — look！”‎ ‎“Well, that is a __15__ horse，”said Tom，“ Where did you buy it？”‎ ‎“I didn't buy it，”__16__ John, “I made it.”‎ ‎“You made it yourself! Oh, well, it's a good horse for you to make.__17__ it is not as good as mine.Mine cost a __18__， and yours ‎ didn't cost anything.”‎ ‎“It was real fun to make it, though，” said John, and away he ran with his horse __19__ after him.‎ Does it really cost nothing and all his efforts are __20__？ Of course not, I will tell you.John Carpenter now is a master workman, and will soon have a shop of his own.‎ 语篇解读：你是喜欢自己亲手制作玩具，还是花钱买玩具呢？很多人会觉得花钱买的才有价值。其实当你发现自己亲自动手制作玩具的乐趣时，你才能了解其真正的意义。‎ ‎1．A.collecting B．making C．doing D．inventing 解析：选B　根据上一句可知，约翰不喜欢别人做的玩具，喜欢自己制作(making)玩具的那份快乐。‎ ‎2．A.concerned B．annoyed C．amazed D．delighted 解析：选D　根据上文“He liked the fun of __1__ them himself.”可知，他喜欢制作玩具的乐趣，可见这个自己制作玩具的想法让他非常高兴(delighted)。‎ ‎3．A.since B．in case C．unless D．as if 解析：选C　根据上下文可知，他的一个玩伴汤姆，认为除非(unless)花很多金钱买来的玩具，否则一文不值。‎ ‎4．A.anything B．something C．nothing D．everything 解析：选A　根据后半句“but bought all his toys”可知，他只是买玩具，从不试着自己做任何东西(anything)。‎ ‎5．A.used B．cost C．wasted D．needed 解析：选B　此处指马花了一美元。cost意为“花费”。‎ ‎6．A.searching B．feeling C．admiring D．attending 解析：选C　根据下文约翰仔细观察，研究如何做的，然后自己做了一匹马可知，当约翰看到他朋友的马，很快就欣赏(admiring)起这匹马来，看看是怎么做出来的。‎ ‎7．A.patiently B．casually C．willingly D．hurriedly 解析：选A　从空后的“to see how it was made”以及下文所做的玩具马可知，他耐心地(patiently)观察着。‎ ‎8．A.vivid B．common C．similar D．rare 解析：选C　根据上文可知，他非常喜欢汤姆的马，试着给自己做一个类似的(similar)马。‎ ‎9．A.picked out B．took up C．picked up D．came over 解析：选A　根据常识可知，他走进木棚，挑选(pick out)出两块木头，一块做马头，另一块做身体。‎ ‎10．A.surprise B．regret C．relief D．satisfaction 解析：选D　根据下文他对所做的马感到骄傲可知，他花了两、三天时间才做出令他满意的(to one's satisfaction)形状。‎ ‎11．A.excited B．cheered C．puzzled D．amused 解析：选C　根据前一句“But what about the wheels？”及后一句“With great efforts, he finally got some ...”可知，他不知用什么做轮子，因此这让他很困惑(puzzled)。‎ ‎12．A.flat B．rough C．sharp D．round 解析：选D　根据常识可知，轮子是圆形的，肯定要用圆的(round)木头。‎ ‎13．A.approach B．curiosity C．concern D．purpose 解析：选D　根据常识可知，他挑选这几块圆木是为了满足他做轮子的意图(purpose)。‎ ‎14．A.dream B．work C．house D．wood 解析：选B　根据下文他让汤姆来看他自己做的马可知，这是他的作品(work)。‎ ‎15．A.delicate B．horrible C．royal D．dull 解析：选A　根据下文“it's a good horse for you to make”可知，John做的是一匹精致的(delicate)马。‎ ‎16．A.asked B．replied C．reminded D．insisted 解析：选B　根据上文汤姆问约翰的话可知，此处表示约翰回答(replied)道。‎ ‎17．A.So B．As C．But D．After 解析：选C　这匹马对你来说是匹好马，但是它不如我的好。根据前后意思可知，是转折关系。‎ ‎18．A.pound B．bill C．note D．dollar 解析：选D　根据第5空中的“a dollar”可知，汤姆说他的马是花一美元买的。‎ ‎19．A.rolling B．slipping C．passing D．marching 解析：选A　约翰做的是有轮子的马，所以轮子是滚动(rolling)的。‎ ‎20．A.for sure B．in vain C．in order D．in case ‎ 解析：选B　根据空前“Does it really cost nothing(这真的没有什么价值吗？)”和空后的内容可判断这里是问“他所有的努力都白费了(in vain)吗”？‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 A hutong is an ancient city street typical in Beijing.__1__ (surround) the Forbidden City, many were built during the Yuan, Ming and Qing __2__ (dynasty)．In order to establish the strongest power, emperors planned the city and arranged the residential areas.__3__ center of the city Beijing was the royal palace — the Forbidden City.‎ At the end of the Qing Dynasty, after __4__ (close) China came under the influence from abroad, many old hutongs lost __5__ (they) former neat arrangement.‎ After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, hutong conditions __6__ (improve)．But in recent years, the houses in many ‎ hutongs have been pulled __7__ and replaced by modern buildings.And the hutong today is fading into the shade for __8__ tourists and local people.‎ However, in the urban district of Beijing houses along hutongs still occupy one __9__ (three) of the total area, providing housing for half population, so many hutongs __10__ (survive)．In this respect, we see the old in the new in Beijing as an ancient yet modern city.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了北京胡同的发展历史、建造作用以及当前的状况等。‎ ‎1．Surrounding　考查非谓语动词。胡同环绕着紫禁城，它们中的许多建造于元、明、清时期。分析该句结构可知，many前面的部分为状语；主语many代指“胡同”，和动词surround之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词。‎ ‎2．dynasties　考查名词复数。根据该句中的“Yuan, Ming and Qing”可知，该处指三个朝代，且dynasty为可数名词，故用复数形式。‎ ‎3．The　考查冠词。北京城的中心是皇宫——紫禁城。根据该句中的“of the city Beijing”可知，该处特指“北京城的中心”，故用定冠词The。‎ ‎4．closed　考查形容词。根据句子结构和空后的名词“China”可知，空处修饰该名词，表示“闭关自守的”，故用形容词。‎ ‎5．their　考查代词。根据空后的名词短语“former neat arrangement”可知，空处修饰该名词短语，故用形容词性物主代词。‎ ‎6．were improved　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。1949年中华人民共和国成立以后，胡同的状况得到了改善。该句主语为“hutong conditions”，和动词improve之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；因为主语“hutong conditions”‎ 为复数，且根据该句中的时间状语可知，该句介绍过去发生的事情，故用were improved。‎ ‎7．down　考查介词。但是近年来，许多胡同中的房子被拆毁，取而代之的是现代化的建筑。pull down为固定搭配，意为“拆毁”。‎ ‎8．both　考查连词。both ...and ...为固定搭配，意为“两者都……”。‎ ‎9．third　考查序数词。该处指“在北京市区的胡同中的房子占整个地区的三分之一”，分数的分母用序数词，故用third。‎ ‎10．have survived　考查动词时态。根据该句中的“still occupy”可知，该空表示过去的动作对现在产生的影响，故用现在完成时。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎(2019·山东滨州第二次模拟)In most cases, almost everyone visit a café or friend's house asks for the WiFi password first.The Internet seems have become one of your basic needs.And 60% of the world's populations still doesn't have Internet access.The situation is even more worse in some countries — only one in 10 people have regular access to the Internet.That's why in the recent survey, many people think of Internet access as a privilege instead of a human right.‎ However, the UN has made it clearly since 2011 that the Internet, that should be accessible to everyone, is a human right.‎ 答案：第一句：visit→visiting 第二句：seems后加to; your→our 第三句：And→But; populations→population 第四句：去掉more; have→has 第五句：the→a 第六句：clearly→clear；第二个that→which ‎