2018届二轮复习冠词考点解析课件（32张）

2018届二轮复习冠词考点解析课件（32张）

2018 届二轮复习 冠词 考点归纳 考点一　基本用法 1. 定冠词的基本用法 用于特指一定的人、事物或上下文提到的 人、事物。如： I woke up with a bad headache, yet by the evening the pain had gone.   (2) 在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如： The moon turns round the earth. Drivers always sit on the left of buses. (3) 在单数名词前，表示某一类别或某项发 明。如： The tiger is a dangerous animal. (4) 在由普通名词构成的专有名词前及表示江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛等的名词前。如： We are said to be living in the Information Age, a time of new discoveries and great changes. (5) 在序数词、形容词最高级前或用于特 指“两者中较 …… 的一个”。如： As is known to all, the People’s Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world. (6) 在方位名词前、某些习惯用语或表示时间 的词组中： on the left, in the east / west, on the other hand, in the end, the other day 等。 (7) 在形容词前表示一类人或事物。如： the poor / rich / young / dying / good / unknown 等。 (8) 在姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇 二人。如： The Smiths are sitting at the table. (9) 在表示度量单位的名词前，表示“每一”。 如： — It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 a year. — Right, he will also get paid by the week. 口诀记忆 the 的用法 特指熟悉与复述，独一无二全用 the 。 方位乐器名词前，序数形最乐位惯。 复数姓氏与专有，习惯用语最后添。 2. 不定冠词的基本用法 (1) 用在可数名词前表示“一个”，含义上相当于 “ one” 。如： The development of industry has been a gradual process throughout human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.   (2) 与单数可数名词连用，表示某一类人或事物；亦可 泛指某一类人或事物中的“任何一个”。如： It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.   (3) 用在抽象名词或物质名词前，表示“一种，一 次，一类”等意义。如： He had a strong dislike for cold weather. (4) 用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。如： He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long jump.   (5) 用在专有名词前，相当于“一位，一个，某位， 某个”或“ …… 式的人”。如： Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso. (6) 用在某些固定词组中： all of a sudden, as a matter of fact, go out for a walk, have a good time, make a difference, make a living, have an idea of, have a good knowledge of 等。如： I don’t understand what the engineer means, but I’ve got a rough idea of the project plan. (7) 用在季节、月份、星期或节日的名词前，表 示某个特定的季节、月份、日子或节日。如： The accident happened on a rainy Sunday towards the end of July. 3. 零冠词的用法（不用冠词的情况） (1) 复数名词表泛指时，其前不加冠词。如： The Smiths don’t usually like staying at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by the sea.  (2) 可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名 词所有格时，其前不用冠词。如： Jack’s English book is lying on his desk. (3) 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词和表示人名、地名 等的名词前，通常不用冠词。如： Sarah looked at the finished painting with satisfaction.  (4) 表示季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐的名词 前，以及表示体育运动项目、学科、运输或通讯方 式等的名词前，通常不用冠词。如： We’re going to watch a match on Sunday. (5) 表示职务、头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补足语等 时，其前不用冠词。如： Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take place of George. (6) 在某些固定搭配中 , 如： at dawn, on second thoughts, come to light, come to power, give birth to, out of control, in public, ahead of time, in debt, hand in hand, in place of, do harm to 等。 无冠词 有冠词 on office 执政 in the office 在办公室 in prison 坐牢 in the/a prison 在监狱 go to church 去做礼拜 go to the church 去教堂 go to sea 当水手 go to the sea 去海边 in charge of 负责，管理 in the charge of 由 …… 负责 out of question 不成问题 out of the question 不可能 4. 有无冠词意义迥异的短语 考点二　习语、固定短语中的冠词 1. 不定冠词用于短语搭配中。 (1) “have/take ＋ a(n ) ＋与动词同形的名词”， 表示动作的一次。 have/take a rest 休息一会儿 have/take a look 看一下 have/take a bath 洗个澡 (2) “go out for a(n ) ＋名词”，表示从事某项活动。 go out for a picnic 去野餐 (3) 习惯搭配。 as a matter of fact; in a hurry; in a word; a waste of; in a way; come to an end; all of a sudden; have a(n )...knowledge of; have a(n )...understanding/grasp /feeling off 2. 定冠词用于固定搭配。 in the morning; on the other hand; on the contrary; on the air; in the end; come to the point; the ABC of... 3. 在一些固定短语中，名词前不用冠词。 at night; at home; day after day; by telephone; in danger; on purpose; out of control; under+ n .; be home to 1. I can’t tell you _____ way to the Wilson’s because we don’t have _____ Wilson here in the village.  ( 重庆 2014) A. the; a                 B. a; 不填 C. a; the                 D. the; 不填 真题再现 2. They chose Tom to be _____ captain of the team because they knew he was _____ smart leader. ( 江西 2014) A. a; the                       B. the; the C. the; a                       D. a; a 3. ______ more learned a man is, ______ more modest be usually become. (2015· 陕西 ) A. The; the B. A; a C. The; a D. A; the 【解析】句意 : 一个人越有学识，他就越可能 更谦虚。这里用的是： the + 比较级 + 主谓， the+ 比较级 + 主谓的句型，表示“越 ……, 就越 ……” 。 4. Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be _____ Beethoven. (2015· 四川 ) A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 【解析】本题考查不定冠词在人名前，表 示：一个像 … 那样的人。故选择 A ，句意 为： Brian 在创作音乐上极有才华，他很有 可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人才。 5. Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write ______ children’s book for many years, but one thing or another always got in _____ way. (2015· 浙江 ) A. a; 不填 B. the; the C. 不填 ; the D. a; the 【解析 】 试题分析：句意：多年来，简的奶奶想写一 本有关于儿童的书，但总是被这样或那样的 原因阻碍了。第一个空使用不定冠词表泛 指，第二个 in the way 是固定搭配，意为挡道 或阻碍。定冠词用于特指或者是固定搭配， 不定冠词用于泛指。 6. I just heard ____ bank where Dora works was robbed by ____ gunman wearing a mask. (2015· 重庆 ) A. the; / B. a; / C. the; a D. a; the 7. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside.  （ 2015 新课标全国卷 I 短文改错） 8. Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned  16  farm, which looked almost abandoned.  （广东 2015 语法 填空） 9. Now, years later, this river is one of  63  most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.  （ 2014 新课标全国 卷 I 第三部分） countryside 前加 the a the 10. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.   （ 2014 新课标全国卷 II 短文改错） 去掉 flowers 前的 the 11. ... while one is being bottle-fed, 70. ___ other is with mum ... （ 2016 新 课标全国卷 I ） 12. Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48. ___ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. （ 2016 新课标全国卷 II ） the a Ⅰ . 用适当的冠词填空。 1. Tunisia achieved independence from French colonial rule after _____ long struggle. 2. You wouldn’t have caught such _____ bad cold if you hadn’t been caught in _____ rain. a a the 巩固练习 3. If you go by train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get _____ fast one. 4. You really ought to make _____ most of the opportunity, because you won’t get _____ second chance. 5. I know the accident happened on _____ Saturday of last month because none of my children went to school. a a a the Ⅱ . 单句改错。 1. After  a  hour or so we began to feel very frightened.  2. I decided to climb the tree to see where we were. 3. Modern people know more about the health, have better food, and live in clearer surroundings. an a 4. Maybe you could come during a winter holidays. 5. Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team. the the III. 用适当的冠词完成下面短文 （ 零冠词用“/”表示 ）。 Ms Parrot, 1. ____ most famous lady detective of 2. ____ twenty-first century, was born in the United Kingdom in 3. ____ 1960s. Since then, she has been to many countries, including Portugal, Singapore and 4. ____ Australia. She can speak 5. ___ English, French and Portuguese. Like Sherlock Holmes, she plays the violin, and sometimes practises up to five times 6. __ day. the the the / / a She is also 7. ____ only person in the world to have performed Tchaikovsky’s 1812 Overture in one breath on the recorder. She has been a detective for thirty years and claims that although many people think that being a detective is 8. __ piece of cake, detectives generally work very hard and it is not all fun and games. a the