【英语】2018届二轮复习名词和冠词学案（15页含有具体的解析）

【英语】2018届二轮复习名词和冠词学案（15页含有具体的解析）

‎ 2018届 二轮复习 名词和冠词学案设计 名词与冠词（教学案）‎ ‎1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，61)But for tourists like me，pandas are its top ________(attract)．‎ ‎2．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，69)The nursery team switches him every few ________(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed...‎ ‎3．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，42)Then，handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________(achieve)．‎ ‎4．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，46)Recent ________(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly．‎ ‎5．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，68)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the ________ (develop)of chopsticks.‎ ‎6．(2016·四川，65)Any smell might attract natural ________(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.‎ ‎7．(2016·浙江，4)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time，as late ________(pay)may affect your credit.‎ ‎8．(2016·浙江，8)We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our _______ _(different)unite，rather than divide us.‎ ‎9．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，70)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed，________ other is with mum—she never suspects.‎ ‎10．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，48)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.‎ ‎11．(2016·浙江，2)________prize for the winner of the competition is ________ twoweek holiday in Paris.‎ ‎【2015·湖北】22.He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task. ‎ A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasure ‎ ‎【2015·安徽】30.There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know.‎ A. thought B. support C. protection D. authority[来源:学。科。网Z。X。X。K]‎ ‎【2015·江苏】35.—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.‎ ‎—I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______ .‎ A. requests B. excuses C. apologies D. regrets ‎【2015·江苏】32.Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform.‎ A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements ‎【2015·福建】24.The failure was a big__________to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.‎ A. blow B. issue C. excuse D. Factor ‎【2015·浙江】15. One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk about feeling with someone you trust.‎ ‎ A. production B. stress C. energy D. passive ‎【2015·四川】5.Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be ‎ Beethoven.‎ A. a B. an C. the D.不填 ‎【2015·浙江】2. Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write children’s book for many years, but one thing or another always got in way.‎ ‎ A. a;不填 B. the;the C. 不填;the D. a;the ‎1.（2014湖北卷）22. When Richard said, “You are much more agreeable and prettier now,” Joan’s face turned red at the unexpected ______.‎ A. command B. comparison C. compliment D. contribution ‎ ‎2.（2014江苏卷）27. She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful in last ‎ year's election.‎ A. symbol B. portrait C. identity D. statue[来源:学科网ZXXK]‎ ‎ 3.（2014天津卷）3.Wind is now the world’s fastest growing ________ of power.‎ A. source B. sense C. result D. root ‎ 4.（2014浙江卷 ）6. We most prefer to say yes to the ______ of someone we know and like.‎ ‎ A. attempts B. requests C. doubts D. promises ‎5.（2014江西卷）22. They chose Tom to be ___captain of the team because they knew he was __smart leader.‎ A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a ‎ ‎ 6.（2014天津卷）8. Life the like ________ ocean; Only ________strong-willed can reach ‎ the other shore.‎ A. an; the B. the; a C. the ;/ D. / ; a ‎7.（2014浙江卷 ）2. The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ______ week, often long into______night.‎ ‎ A. a; the B. the; 不填 C. a; a D. 不填；the ‎1.（2013·浙江）4.As the world’s population continues to grow, the ___of food becomes more and more of a concern.‎ A.worth B. supply C. package D. list ‎2.（2013·浙江）2.Mary worked here as a ____ secretary and ended up getting a full-time job with the company.‎ A.pessimistic B. temporary C. previous D. cautious ‎3.（2013·福建卷)22. _____ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.‎ A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known ‎4.（2013·湖北卷)21. Poetry written from the ______ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.‎ A. perspective B. priority C. participation D. privilege ‎5.（2013·辽宁卷)23.The accident caused some _____ to my car,but it ’s nothing serious.‎ A.harm B.injury C.ruin D.damage[来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ ‎6.（2013·新课标I卷）31. India attained ________ independence in 1947, after _______ long struggle. ‎ A. 不填; a B. the; a C. an; 不填 D. an; the ‎ A 7.（2013·新课标Ⅱ卷)13. Four and half hours of discussion took us up to midnight,and break for cheese,chocolate and tea with sugar.‎ A.a;a B. the; the C.不填；the D.a;不填 ‎8.（2013·新课标Ⅱ卷)9. It may not be a great suggestion. But before _______ is put forward, we’ll make do with it.‎ A. a good one B. a better one C. the best one D. a best one ‎9.（2013·浙江）15.People develop______ preference for a particular style of learning at______ early age and these preferences affect learning. ‎ A.a; an B. a;不填 C.不填;the D. the ;an ‎ ‎10.（2013·大纲卷）33.Four and half hours of discussion took us up to midnight,and Break for cheese,chocolate and tea with sugar.‎ A.a;a B. the; the C.不填；the D.a;不填 ‎11.（2013·大纲卷）28. The watch was very good, and he 20 percent down for it.‎ A. a good one B. a Better one C. the Best one D. a Best one ‎12.（2013·福建卷)21. The "Chinese Dream" is ____ dream to improve people's well-being and ____ dream of harmony, peace and development.‎ A. the; a B. a; a C. a; the D. the; the ‎13.（2013·江西卷)32. Animals are obviously ______ lower form of life than _______ man.‎ A. a ; / B. the ; the C. a ; the D. / ; /‎ ‎14.（2013·山东卷)22. It was ______ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ____ night sky. ‎ A. 不填；a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; 不填 ‎15.（2013·重庆卷)32. The parents were shocked by______news that their son needed______operation on his knee.‎ A. A; /‎ B. the; /‎ C. the; an D. a; an 本解析为名师解析团队原创，授权独家使用，如有盗用 考点一、考查名词 ‎ 例1．【2016·江苏】 —Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life?‎ ‎—Living every day to the full, definitely.‎ A. recipe B. record C. range D. receipt ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查名词词义辨析。名词recipe秘诀，食谱，药方；record记录；range范围；receipt收据，收条；句意：—你能告诉我你对幸福长寿的秘密吗？—当然是尽情享受每一天。根据句意可知A项意为“秘诀”，与上下文相符。‎ ‎【考点】考查名词辨析 ‎【变式探究】【2016·浙江】4. It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect your ______.‎ A. condition B. income C. credit D. status ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：准时付电费很重要，因为付晚了会影响你的信用。Condition条件；income收入；credit学分，信用（卡）。根据句意故选C。‎ ‎【考点】考查名词辨析。学科网 考点二、考查冠词 例2．【2016·浙江】2.______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris.‎ A. The ; 不填 B. A ; 不填 C. A ; the D. The ; a ‎【答案】D ‎【考点】考查冠词。‎ ‎【变式探究】 (2015·新课标Ⅱ，42改编)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)built(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even________most modern of architects and engineers. ‎ 答案：the　句意：由美国西南部的印第安村庄的印第安人建造的土坯房甚至被最现代的建筑师和工程师欣赏。根据后面的most modern可知应为“最现代化的”，最高级前要用定冠词the。‎ ‎1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，61)But for tourists like me，pandas are its top ________(attract)．‎ ‎【答案】attraction　‎ ‎【解析】句意：但是对于像我一样的游客来说，大熊猫是最大的吸引。形容词top“头等的；最重要的”后面跟名词形式。‎ ‎2．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，69)The nursery team switches him every few ________(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed...‎ ‎【答案】days　‎ ‎【解析】句意：护理团队每隔几天就把他和他的妹妹互换一下，这样当他们中的一个在被人工喂养的时候……。every few days“每隔几天”。‎ ‎3．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，42)Then，handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________(achieve)．‎ ‎【答案】achievement　‎ ‎【解析】句意：然后，首先处理最重要的任务，那么你会感到真正意义上的成就。介词of后应用名词作宾语。‎ ‎4．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，46)Recent ________(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly．‎ ‎【答案】studies　‎ ‎【解析】句意：最近的研究显示如果我们有规律地进行短暂的休息的话，我们工作的效率会更高。study“研究”为可数名词，本句的谓语动词为show，说明主语应用名词复数studies。‎ ‎5．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，68)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the ________ (develop)of chopsticks.‎ ‎【答案】development　‎ ‎6．(2016·四川，65)Any smell might attract natural ________(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.‎ ‎【答案】enemies　‎ ‎【解析】句意：任何气味都有可能吸引自然界中那些想要吃掉熊猫宝宝的敌人。根据常识可知，此处表示“吸引了自然界中的敌人”，故填可数名词enemy的复数形式。‎ ‎7．(2016·浙江，4)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time，as late ________(pay)may affect your credit.‎ ‎【答案】payments　‎ ‎【解析】句意：准时付电费很重要，因为支付晚了会影响你的信用。前面有形容词late修饰，此处应用名词形式，payment可用作可数名词，所以用复数形式。‎ ‎8．(2016·浙江，8)We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our _______ _(different)unite，rather than divide us.‎ ‎【答案】differences　‎ ‎【解析】句意：当我们学会“求同存异”，而不是“分崩离析”‎ 的时候，我们就能获得很多。物主代词our后面接名词，这里是指“我们的差异”，所以用复数形式。‎ ‎9．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，70)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed，________ other is with mum—she never suspects.‎ ‎【答案】the　‎ ‎【解析】句意：护理团队每隔几天就把他和他的妹妹互换一下，这样当他们中的一个在被人工喂养的时候，另一个是和妈妈在一起的——她从不怀疑。one...the other...“一个……另一个……”。学科网 ‎10．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，48)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.‎ ‎【答案】a　‎ ‎【解析】句意：你可以先出去一会儿，通过锻炼或做些你喜欢的事情来让你的身体和大脑得到休息。for a while意为“一会儿”。‎ ‎11．(2016·浙江，2)________prize for the winner of the competition is ________ twoweek holiday in Paris.‎ ‎【答案】The；a　‎ ‎【2015·湖北】22.He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task. ‎ A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasure ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项“情绪”；B项“才能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”。故选C项。‎ ‎【2015·安徽】30.There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ‎ ______ and then let me know.‎ A. thought B. support C. protection D. authority ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。A思考；B支持；C保护；D权威，当局。这里指让对方再好好想想，故选A。‎ ‎【2015·江苏】35.—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.‎ ‎—I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______ .‎ A. requests B. excuses C. apologies D. regrets ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：—Dave，去跟你的妈妈道歉。—我想这样做，但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A项“请求”；B项“借口”；C项“道歉”；D项“遗憾，后悔”。故选C项。‎ ‎【2015·江苏】32.Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform.‎ A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A项“判断，决断”；B项“调整”；C项“评价，评论”；D项“成就”。故选B项。[来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ ‎【2015·福建】24.The failure was a big__________to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.‎ A. blow B. issue C. excuse D. Factor ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查名词辨析A.blow打击;B.issue问题;C.excuse借口;D.factor要素。该句意思为：这个失败对他来说是一个打击，但是他没有泄气，很快振作恢复了原来的热情。故选A ‎【2015·浙江】15. One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk about feeling with someone you trust.‎ ‎ A. production B. stress C. energy D. passive ‎【答案】B ‎【2015·四川】5.Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven.‎ A. a B. an C. the D.不填 ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】本题考查不定冠词在人名前，表示：一个像…那样的人。故选择A，句意为：Brian在创作音乐上极有才华，他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人才。‎ ‎【2015·浙江】2. Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write children’s book for many years, but one thing or another always got in way.‎ ‎ A. a;不填 B. the;the C. 不填;the D. a;the ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：多年来，简的奶奶想写一本有关于儿童的书，但总是被这样或那样的原因阻碍了。第一个空使用不定冠词表泛指，第二个in the way 是固定搭配，意为挡道或阻碍。定冠词用于特指或者是固定搭配，不定冠词用于泛指。选D。学科网 ‎1.（2014湖北卷）22. When Richard said, “You are much more agreeable and prettier now,” Joan’s face turned red at the unexpected ______.‎ A. command B. comparison C. compliment D. contribution ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】本题考察名词词义辨析。A命令，指挥；B比较；C恭维，赞美，敬意；贺词；D贡献，捐助，捐赠；敬意：当Richard说：现在的你更令人愉快更漂亮。由于这个没有预料到恭维的Joan的脸变红了。根据引号里的“You are much more agreeable and prettier now,”可知这是Richard对Joan的赞美。根据 句意说明C正确。‎ ‎2.（2014江苏卷）27. She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful in last ‎ year's election.‎ A. symbol B. portrait C. identity D. statue ‎【答案】A ‎ 3.（2014天津卷）3.Wind is now the world’s fastest growing ________ of power.‎ A. source B. sense C. result D. root ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】本题考察的是名词词义辨析。Source根源，来源，源头；sense感觉，知觉；result结果；root根，根源；原因，本质；祖先；句义：风力是现在世界上增长速度最快的电力来源。根据句义可知source of power指电力来源。故A正确。‎ ‎ 4.（2014浙江卷 ）6. We most prefer to say yes to the ______ of someone we know and like.‎ ‎ A. attempts B. requests C. doubts D. promises ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】名词attempt尝试；企图；request请求；doubt怀疑；promise 诺言；我们更喜欢同意那些我们了解和喜欢的人的请求。根据句意说明B项request与上下文语境相符。故B正确。‎ ‎5.（2014江西卷）22. They chose Tom to be ___captain of the team because they knew he was __smart leader.‎ A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】本题第一空后面的名词captain队长后面有介词短语of the team修饰，表示特指，所以使用定冠词the表示特指。第二空后的可数名词leader前面有形容词smart修饰，用a修饰表示泛指。句义：他们选择Tom作为队长，因为他是一个聪明的领袖。故C正确。‎ ‎ 6.（2014天津卷）8. Life the like ________ ocean; Only ________strong-willed can reach the other shore.‎ A. an; the B. the; a C. the ;/ D. / ; a ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】本题第一空使用不定冠词an修饰ocean泛指一个海洋。第二空后的strong-will是一个形容词，在形容词前面加上定冠词the表示“一类人”或者“一类事物”。The strong-willed指意志坚定的人。句义：生活就像是一个海洋，只有意志坚定的人才可以到达彼岸。故A正确。‎ ‎7.（2014浙江卷 ）2. The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ______ week, often long into______night.‎ ‎ A. a; the B. the; 不填 C. a; a D. 不填；the ‎【答案】A ‎1.（2013·浙江）4.As the world’s population continues to grow, the ___of food ‎ becomes more and more of a concern.‎ A.worth B. supply C. package D. list ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：由于世界人口的不断增长，粮食的供应越来越成为大家关注的焦点。A 价值，B供应，供给 C包裹，包装 Ｄ名单，条目 ‎2.（2013·浙江）2.Mary worked here as a ____ secretary and ended up getting a full-time job with the company.‎ A.pessimistic B. temporary C. previous D. cautious ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：玛丽以前是个临时的秘书在这里工作，但最终成为这个公司的正式人员。根据full-time 可知应选B。A 悲观的 B 临时的，暂时的 C 以前的 D小心谨慎的 学科网 ‎3.（2013·福建卷)22. _____ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.‎ A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known ‎ 【答案】C ‎【解析】考查动名词做主语：分析句子成分，可知谓语是will help，所以前面的是主语，用动名词做主语。句意：了解基本的急救知识可以让你尽快的回应紧急状况。所以选C。‎ ‎4.（2013·湖北卷)21. Poetry written from the ______ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.‎ A. perspective B. priority C. participation D. privilege ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：透视城市青年的诗倾向于揭示他们的焦虑在于缺乏归属感。perspective“透视”； priority“ 优先，优先权”； participation“参加，参与”； privilege“特权，优惠”。‎ ‎5.（2013·辽宁卷)23.The accident caused some _____ to my car,but it ’s nothing serious.‎ A.harm B.injury C.ruin D.damage ‎【答案】D ‎6.（2013·新课标I卷）31. India attained ________ independence in 1947, after _______ long struggle. ‎ A. 不填; a B. the; a C. an; 不填 D. an; the [来源:学科网ZXXK]‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】此处independence是不可数名词，而不可和不定冠词an连用。gain independence（获得独立）或declare independence(宣布独立)是固定短语，不和冠词连用，故第一个空不填任何冠词。第二空a long struggle意为：一场长期的斗争。故A正确。句意：印度在经过长时期的斗争之后，在1947年获得独立。‎ ‎7.（2013·新课标Ⅱ卷)13. Four and half hours of discussion took us up to midnight,and break for cheese,chocolate and tea with sugar.‎ A.a;a B. the; the C.不填；the D.a;不填 ‎【答案】A[来源:学.科.网]‎ ‎【解析】考查冠词。four and a half hours四个半小时，是固定短语；排除B、C；take sb sth带给某人某物，take后加双宾语，break休息，是可数的，故用a break。故选A。‎ ‎8.（2013·新课标Ⅱ卷)9. It may not be a great suggestion. But before _______ is put forward, we’ll make do with it.‎ A. a good one B. a better one C. the best one D. a best one ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查比较级的用法。不定冠词+比较级，表示泛指，意为“一个更（好）......的......”。句意“它或许不是一个很好的建议。但是在一个更好的被提出来之前，我们不得不将就一下。”故选B。‎ ‎9.（2013·浙江）15.People develop______ preference for a particular style of learning at______ early age and these preferences affect learning. ‎ A.a; an B. a;不填 C.不填;the D. the ;an ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎10.（2013·大纲卷）33.Four and half hours of discussion took us up to midnight,and Break for cheese,chocolate and tea with sugar.‎ A.a;a B. the; the C.不填；the D.a;不填 ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查冠词。four and a half hours四个半小时，是固定短语；排除B、C；take sB sth带给某人某物，take后加双宾语，Break休息，是可数的，故用a Break。故选A。‎ ‎11.（2013·大纲卷）28. The watch was very good, and he 20 percent down for it.‎ A. a good one B. a Better one C. the Best one D. a Best one[来源:学科网ZXXK]‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查比较级的用法。不定冠词+比较级，表示泛指，意为“一个更（好）......的......”。故选B。‎ ‎12.（2013·福建卷)21. The "Chinese Dream" is ____ dream to improve ‎ people's well-being and ____ dream of harmony, peace and development.‎ A. the; a B. a; a C. a; the D. the; the ‎ 【答案】B ‎【解析】考查冠词：第一空填a，泛指“一个提高人们幸福的梦想”第二空还是填a，指“和谐，和平，发展的梦想”，句意：“中国梦”是提高人们幸福的梦想，是和谐，和平，发展的梦想。所以选B。‎ ‎13.（2013·江西卷)32. Animals are obviously ______ lower form of life than _______ man.‎ A. a ; / B. the ; the C. a ; the D. / ; /‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】句意为：显然，动物是一种比人类稍低的生命形式。form (形式)，本来说抽象名词。题干中form前出现形容词修饰，因此具体化为可数名词，且表达“一种……”,所以要用不定冠词。Man ,专指人类，其前不用冠词。[来源:学科网]‎ ‎14.（2013·山东卷)22. It was ______ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ____ night sky. ‎ A. 不填；a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; 不填 ‎【答案】B ‎15.（2013·重庆卷)32. The parents were shocked by______news that their son needed______operation on his knee.‎ A. A; /‎ B. the; /‎ C. the; an D. a; an ‎【答案】B。本解析为名师解析团队原创，授权独家使用，如有盗用 ‎【解析】此句中的news是特指后面同位语从句中提到的内容，故应该用定冠词the；儿子需要在膝盖上做一个手术，非特指，用不定冠词a。‎