专题07 必修4Unit1-Unit2高频词汇分类解读-2019年高考英语备考艺体生百日突围系列（解析版）

专题07 必修4Unit1-Unit2高频词汇分类解读-2019年高考英语备考艺体生百日突围系列（解析版）

‎2019英语艺体生百题突破专题系列之英语 根据艺体生基础知识不牢固的特点，将基础知识以2--3个单元为一讲，突出常考单词的背诵和用法区别。由于单选题退出大部分省份的英语试卷，所以这部分重点强调学练结合。集中识记常考的完形填空词汇；常考的阅读中出现的词汇；常考的书面表达中的句型。完形词汇重在词语的详细意思和词汇辨析；阅读词汇重在记住词义即可，但数量要大；书面表达句型重在在句子中背诵，力争背过的句子在话题中有高频的出现几率。这样可以大面积、迅速地提高成绩。聚焦少而精的知识，直接对接高考。‎ 练习重在做到有的放矢，基础练习以单词拼写、单词填空或短文填空为主。‎ 能力提升一定要由浅入深，让他们有成就感，迅速进入状态。句型复习采用翻译句子+背诵范文的方法。‎ 词汇基础知识狂背：‎ I.常考的完形填空词汇及短语：（注意它们在完形中出现的几率极高，完形30分志在必得，现在开始狂背。）（1）词汇 ‎1. behave vt.&vi.举止；举动；行为表现 behaviour n．行为；表现 behave oneself 守规矩 ‎ ‎2．observe vt.&vi. 观察；遵守；庆祝；评述，评论 observation n. 观察；观察力，(观察后发生的)议论，意见 observe sb. do/doing sth. 观察某人做/(在做)某事 observe the speed limit 遵守车速限制 be under observation 受严密监视 escape one’s observation 避开某人的注意 ‎3．respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意 respectful adj. 恭敬的；尊敬的；尊重人的；有礼貌的 respectable adj. 可敬的；有名望的；高尚的；值得尊敬的 have/show respect for sb./sth. 尊敬/敬重…… in this respect 在这方面 in all/many respects 在各个/许多方面 respect sb./sth. for sth. 因某事而尊敬某人/某事 ‎4．argue vi. 争论；辩论　vt. 争论；说服 argument n. 争论；辩论 argue with/against sb. on/about/over sth. 与某人争论某事 argue against/for 为反对/为赞成……而辩论 argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事 argue on... 就……辩论 argue that... 辩论说……‎ ‎5．support n．&vt. 支持；拥护 in support of 支持；赞成；拥护 support oneself 自立更生 support one’s family 养家 support one’s suggestion 赞同某人的建议 support one’s opinion 支持某人的想法 ‎6．refer vi. 谈到；查阅；参考 reference n. 言及；提及；参考；查阅 refer to 查阅；参考；谈到；指的是 refer to...as...把……称作/看作 ‎7．intend vt. 打算；计划 intention n. 打算；计划 intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 intend that...从句中谓语形式：(should)＋do intend...as...＝be intended as...打算把……当做…… intend...for...＝be intended for 为……打算或设计 had intended that/to do... intended to have done...原本打算做……‎ ‎8．deliver v. 投递，发表，宣布，接生，生(小孩)(仅限于被动语态)‎ deliver sth. (to sb.) 投递/传送某物(给某人) deliver a speech 发表演说 be delivered of a child＝give birth to a child 生孩子 deliver sb./sth. over to sb. 把……移交给某人 ‎9．struggle vt. 搏斗；斗争；努力；挣扎　n．斗争；挣扎 struggle with/against 与……搏斗/斗争 struggle for sth./to do sth. 努力/争取…… struggle through 奋力通过 struggle to one‘s feet 挣扎着站起来 struggle on/along (虽艰难仍)继续做某事 with a struggle 费劲地 ‎10．expand vt.&vi. 使变大；伸展；阐述 expansion n. 扩张；膨胀；扩大；发展 expansive adj. 扩张性的；开展性的；广阔的 expand into/to 使扩大，变大 expand on/upon 阐述，详谈 ‎12. therefore adv.(＝as a result of that)因此；所以 He was very tired and therefore ‎ he fell sound asleep. ＝He was very tired. Therefore he fell sound asleep. ＝He was very tired, so he fell sound asleep.他累得很，因此睡得很熟。‎ 提示：therefore 是副词，不能引导从句，两个句子之间要用连词或者分号；而 so是连词，可接从句。‎ ‎13．equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备 equipment n. [U]装备；设备 equip sb./sth. with sth. 用某物装备某人/物 equip sb./sth. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而准备 sb. be equipped to do sth. 某人有准备做某事 equip sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事 be equipped with sth. 装备有某物 a piece of equipment 一件设备 ‎14．regret v．&n. 遗憾；后悔；惋惜 refuse with much regret (many regrets) 婉言拒绝 to one's regret 令人遗憾的是 feel regretful for....对……感到后悔 express regret for/at/over sth... 对……表示遗憾 regret＋n./pron./doing/having done 后悔做某事 regret＋that－clause 后悔，遗憾…… regret to say/tell/inform... 很抱歉地说/告诉/通知…… It's much to be regretted that... 令人遗憾的是……‎ ‎15．focus n．(兴趣、活动等的)中心；焦点 v．(使)集中，聚集；(使)聚焦 be in focus 焦距对准；清晰 be out of focus 焦距没对准；模糊 bring sth. into focus 把某物集中在焦点上 focus sth. on (upon) sth.＝fix...on...使……集中于…… be focused on/upon sth.＝be fixed on 集中于……‎ ‎16．reduce vt. 减少；缩减；简化 reduce one's expenditure 减少某人的开支 be reduced to despair 陷入绝望 reduce to... 降至…… reduce by... 减少了……‎ ‎17．comment vt.评论 n．评论，意见，议论 ask for comment 征求意见 make comments on sth.评论某事 Without comment. 不必多说。 comment(v.)on/ upon sth.评论，对……发表意见 comment(v.)that－clause评论……‎ ‎（2）短语 ‎1．look down upon/on 蔑视；轻视；瞧不起 look about 四下环顾，四处寻找 look after 照顾；照料；目送；寻求 look for 寻找；期待 look forward to 盼望 look on 观看；面向；旁观 look over 从……上面看过去；察看 look round 掉头看；环顾，观光 look through 透过……看去；看穿；审查 look up 向上看；查阅 ‎2．come across(尤指偶然)遇到；发现；想到；越过；产生效果 提示：表示“偶然遇见”意思的常见短语还有：meet with, happen to meet, chance to meet, meet...by chance/accident, run across, run into。‎ ‎3．carry on继续；保持；经营；进行(生意、谈话等) carry onwith＋sth. doing sth.继续做某事(相当于go on with) carry off赢得，获得(奖品、荣誉等) carry out实行，执行，进行，履行(诺言、义务等)‎ ‎4．thanks to 由于；多亏(介词短语，在句中做原因状语，常置于句首或句末) because of 因为；由于 owing to 由于，因……之缘故 as a result of 作为……的结果，由于 due to 因为，由于(不能放在句首) on account of 由于；因为 ‎5．rid sb./oneself/sth. of sth. 使……摆脱…… be/get rid of 去掉，摆脱；抛弃 remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 be free of... 摆脱……‎ ‎6．be satisfied with 对……感到满意 be satisfied that... 满意…… be satisfied to do 乐意干…… satisfy vt.满意；使满意 satisfied adj. 感到满意的 satisfying adj. 令人满意的 satisfactory adj. 令人满意的 satisfaction n. 满意，满足 ‎7．lead to 通向，导致，致使 lead＋n.＋to sth. 引导……到…… lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事 提示：(1)lead to中的 to为介词，后面跟代词、名词或动名词。类似的词组还有：devote to 致力于/pay attention to 对……加以注意/object to 反对/stick to 坚持/look forward to 期望，等等。 (2)lead to 不用被动语态。 (3)lead to 是前因后果，而 lie in (＝result from) 是前果后因。‎ ‎8．keep...free from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等) 使……不含(有害物) free from 没有……，免于……，无……之忧 free of 无……的；免于……的，离开了……的 free sb./sth. from... 使某人/某物自由；解放；释放 for free＝free of charge 免费地，无偿地 be free to do sth. 自由地做某事 be free with sb. 对某人放肆 free as the air 自由自在 set sb. free 释放某人 rth II.常考的阅读理解词汇及短语：（它们在阅读中出现的几率极高，阅读40分志在必得，现在开始狂背哟。）‎ Unit 1‎ achievement n. 成就；功绩 welfare n. 福利；福利事业 project n. 项目；工程；规划 institute n. 学会；学院；协会 specialist n. 专家；专业工作者 connection n. 连接；关系 human being 人类 campaign n. 运动；战役 ‎ vi. 作战；参加运动 organization n. 组织；机构；团体 behave vt. & vi. 举动；（举止或行为）表现 ‎ behaviour (=behavior) 行为；举止；习性 shade n. 荫；阴凉处 ‎ vt. 遮住光线 move off 离开；起程；出发 worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的 nest n. 巢；窝 bond n. 联系；关系；结合；纽带 observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守 ‎ observation n. 观察；观测 childhood n. 童年；幼年时代 outspoken adj. 直言的；坦诚 respect vt. & n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意 argue vt. & vi. 讨论；辩论；争论 ‎ argument n. 争论；争辩；争吵 entertainment n. 款待；娱乐；娱乐表演 lead a …life 过着……的生活 crowd n. 人群；观众 ‎ vt. 挤满；使拥挤 ‎ crowd in （想法、问题等）涌上心头；涌入脑海 inspire vt. 鼓舞；激发；启示 ‎△inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞 support n. & vt. 支持；拥护 look down upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起 refer vi. 谈到；查阅；参考 ‎ refer to 查阅；参考；谈到 audience n. 观众；听众；读者 by chance 碰巧；凑巧 come across （偶然）遇见；碰见 ‎△career n. 事业；生涯 rate n. 比率；速度 sickness n. 疾病；恶心 intend vt. 计划；打算 emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况 generation n. 一代；一辈 ‎△determination n. 决心；果断 kindness n. 仁慈；好意 considerate adj. 考虑周到的 ‎ consideration n. 考虑；体谅 modest adj. 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的 Unit 2‎ statistic n. （常用pl statisitcs）数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料 sunburnt adj. 晒黑的 struggle vt. & vi. 斗争；拼搏；努力 decade n. 十年；十年期 super adj. 特级的；超级的 output n. 产量；输出 crop n. 庄稼；农作物；产量 hunger n. 饥饿；欲望 ‎ vt. & vi. （使）饥饿 disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的 circulate vt. & vi. 循环；流传 Vietnam n. 越南（东南亚国家）‎ battle n. 战役；战斗；较量；斗争 ‎ vt. & vi. 搏斗；奋斗 freedom n. 自由；自主 therefore adj.因为；所以；因而 equip vt. & vi. 配备；装备 grain n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒 export vt. & vi. 输出；出口 nationality n. 国籍 occupation n. 工作；职业；占领 confuse vt. 使迷惑；使为难 chemical adj. 化学的；关于化学的 production n. 生产；制造 bacteria n. （bacterium的复数形式）细菌 pest n. 害虫；害兽；害鸟 build up 逐渐增强；建立；开发 nutrition n. 营养;滋养；食物 mineral n. 矿物；矿石 discovery n. 发现；发觉 soil n. 土壤 reduce vt. 减少；减缩 keep … free from/of 使……免受（影响；害等）；使……不含（有害物）‎ root n. 根；根源 skim vt. 浏览；略读 underline vt. 画底线标出；强调 summary n. 总结；摘要；概要 comment n. 评论；议论 ‎ vi. & vt. 表达意见；作出评论 III.重点句型背诵 ‎1.what在从句中可用做主语、宾语或者表语。此从句在结构上相当于“the＋名词＋定语从句”。‎ ‎①After a hard time they came to what is called America today.艰难的努力后他们来到了现在称作美洲的地方。 ②We now live in what is called the Information Age.我们现在生活在所谓的信息时代。 ③He graduated from what was called a key high school.他毕业于一所所谓的重点高中。‎ ‎2.would rather ‎(1)would rather 意为“宁愿，更愿意”，后接动词原形，否定式是在 would rather 后加 not/never。 ①—Shall we dine out? —I‘d rather stay at home. ——我们要不要出去吃饭？ ——我宁愿留在家里。‎ ‎②I‘d rather not tell anybody about it.我不愿把这事告诉任何人。 (2)would rather do sth. than do sth./would do sth. rather than do sth. 意为“宁愿做某事而不去做某事”。 ①I would rather listen to others than talk myself.我愿意听别人说，自己不愿意说。 ②He would rather die than give in. 他宁死不屈。‎ ‎ (3)would rather have done sth. 意为“要是做过某事就好了；宁愿做过某事”，表示后悔或遗憾等语气。 I would rather have taken his advice yesterday.我昨日要是听了他的建议就好了。 (4)would rather 后接 that从句时，从句中的谓语动词用过去时态虚拟语气。 ①I would rather (that) he didn‘t come.我宁愿他没来。 ②I’d rather you told me the truth.我更愿意你给我讲实话。‎ ‎3.only的用法 ‎(1)only在句首修饰做状语的副词或介词短语时，句子要倒装。 (2)only在句首修饰状语从句时，主句要用倒装语序，从句不用倒装语序。 (3)only在句首修饰句子的主语时，不用倒装语序。 ‎ ‎①Only then did I realize the importance of communication.只有到那时我才意识到交流的重要性。 ②Only in this way can we improve our English.只有以这种方法，我们才能提高英语水平。 ③Only after you have reached eighteen can you join the army.只有当你年满十八周岁后，你才能参军。 ④Only he can answer the question.只有他能回答这个问题。‎ 强调句型：It is/was＋被强调成分＋that/who＋其他部分 ‎4.强调句型 提示：(1)只能强调句中的主语、宾语和状语，不能用该句式强调句子谓语。 (2)如果强调两个以上的并列主语，该句式仍用 is/was，不用 are/were。 (3)强调部分为表示“人”的名词时，可用 who；其他情况则用 that。 (4)强调 not...until 句型时，要将主句中的 not一起强调。即 It is/was not until...that... (5)Is/Was it＋被强调成分＋that...？为其一般疑问句形式。‎ ‎(6)特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋被强调成分＋that...？为其特殊疑问句形式。 (7)强调句的特殊疑问句如果用于宾语从句中，该强调句式要用陈述语序。‎ ‎①It is I that/who am going for a holiday with Mary.是我要跟玛丽一块儿去度假。 ②When is it that we will have a meeting?我们什么时候开会？‎ ‎③It was not until he took off his dark glasses that I realized he was a famous film star. 直到他摘下墨镜我才认出他是位著名的影星。 ④It was in this town that he was brought up.他是在这个镇上被养大的。(强调句) ⑤It was this town where/in which he was brought up.这是他被抚养长大的城镇。(定语从句)‎ 能力提升——测一测 I．单词拼写 ‎1．Devoted to the cause of education all her life, she was r_______________ by all the people in her country.‎ ‎2．His first song was __________ by the memory of his mother.‎ ‎3．The old man came in, with two young men ‎ ‎______________ his body.‎ ‎4．Swimming across the lake for the first time is a great a___________.‎ respected　inspired supporting achievement ‎5．There's a c_____________ between smoking and heart disease.‎ ‎6．Jane devoted herself to social _________(福利) work.‎ ‎7．They work in an art ___________ (学院)．‎ ‎8．He is a __________ (专家) in history.‎ ‎9．Do you know about the ________________ (组织)?‎ ‎10．They started a ____________ (运动) to stop people smoking.‎ ‎‘connection welfare　institute specialist organization campaign ‎11．They asked so many questions that I got c___________.‎ ‎12．Metals e____________ when they are heated.‎ ‎13．The people there are fighting to gain their f_______ from foreign control.‎ ‎14．We are not doing a c__________ experiment but a physical one.‎ ‎15．India e__________ tea and cotton to many different countries.‎ confused　expand freedom chemical exports ‎16．Now, people in the south grow a lot of rice that has a high __________ (产量)．‎ ‎17．This kind of food contains all the ___________ (营养) our body needs.‎ ‎18．People in the area were ground down by _________ (饥饿) and poverty.‎ ‎19．They have sold up ten bottles of ___________ (矿泉) water in the afternoon.‎ ‎20．We should make a _______________(总结) of the results of the exam briefly.‎ output　nutrition hunger mineral summary II.短语填空 ‎(1)Once a decision is reached, it must be firmly __________ ______.决定一旦形成，就必须坚决执行。 (2)She suddenly ______ ______ an idea.她突然有了个主意。 (3)You mustn't ______ ______ ______ the disabled.你决不能瞧不起残疾人。 (4)He __________ ______ ___________ ______ at the meeting.他在会上作了重要报告。 (5)The lake ______________ pollution.这湖没有污染。 (6)I __________________ the result.我对那个结果很满意。 (7)You must ______ _________ ______ these old－fashioned ideas.你必须摒弃这些陈旧观念。 (8)_________ ______ Jim's warning, we avoided the accident.多亏吉姆的提醒，我们避免了一场事故。 1.carried out2.came across 3.look down upon 4.delivered an important report 5.is free of 6.was satisfied with 7.rid yourself of ‎8.Thanks to III．语法填空 ‎1. It is ________(meet) the customers’ needs that has made chain stores so popular in big cities in China.‎ ‎2. Let’s learn to use the problem we are facing ________ a stepping-stone to future success.‎ ‎3. It’s the first time that I ________(take) a train to Paris.‎ ‎4. Chinese folk music gave life to Mr. Liu and made him lead ________ new life in his later years.‎ ‎5. Gun control is a subject ________ which Americans have argued for a long time.‎ ‎6. When I try to understand what ________ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.‎ ‎7. ________ delighted me most was that my son was admitted to Beijing University.‎ ‎8. ________ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.‎ ‎9. The information you give in the application is too general. You should focus ________ something special about yourself.‎ ‎10. The committee asked for these suggestions to be put ________ on paper, so that they might study them further.‎ ‎11. To avoid ________(affect), the student insists that he should be separated from his deskmate, who is naughty.‎ ‎12. The discovery of new evidence led to the thief ________(catch).‎ ‎13. The accident ________(cause) some damage to my car, but it was nothing serious.‎ ‎14. The chairman thought ________ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.‎ ‎15. His writing is so confusing that it is difficult to make out ________ it is he is trying to express.‎ ‎【答案】1. meeting 2. as 3. have taken 4. a 5. about 6. it is 7. What8. It 9. on 10. down 11. being affected 12. being caught 13. caused 14. it 15. what IV．完成句子 ‎1. ________ ________(由于) the schoolmate’s help, he finally ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(改掉了他的坏习惯).‎ ‎2. Everyone present at the meeting ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(对他的解释感到满意).‎ ‎3. She was surprised at the fact that too many uncomfortable thoughts ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(正涌上她心头) just now.‎ ‎4. ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(如果我碰巧拥有一百万美元), I would donate it to the poor. (if ...)‎ ‎5. 一到那里，我就会跟你联络的。(once ...)‎ ‎________ ________ ________ ________, I’ll ________ ________ ________ ________ you.‎ ‎【答案】1. Thanks to; rid himself of his bad habit 2. was satisfied with his explanation 3. were crowding in on/upon her 4. If I had one million dollars by chance 5. Once I arrive there; get into touch with V.句型填空 ‎1.Only in this way ______ improve our English. 只有以这种方法，我们才能提高英语水平。 2.It was _____ he took off his dark glasses_______ I realized he was a famous film star. 直到他摘下墨镜我才认出他是位著名的影星。‎ ‎3.He graduated from _____ was called a key high school. 他毕业于一所所谓的重点高中。‎ ‎4.I would rather ________ than talk myself. 我愿意听别人说，自己不愿意说。‎ ‎1.can we2.not until. . . that 3.what4.listen to others VI．范文背诵（翻译汉语句子并背诵全文）‎ As a famous saying goes, “A friend is a present which you give yourself.” （1）真正的朋友是和我们分享生活、思想和感受的人_________________________________________________. When we get into trouble, our friends always help us out. That’s why someone says “Friends are the sunshine of life”.‎ In order to make friends, we should be honest and helpful. （2）这样我们就能给别人留下一个好印象，这使别人和我们可能成为朋友____________________________________________________. At the same time, when our friends are in need, we should give them a helping hand as well.‎ We all need friends. So let’s treasure our friends to enjoy life to the fullest.‎