高考英语考点28 让步状语从句

高考英语考点28 让步状语从句

1 考点 28 让步状语从句 高考频度：★★★★★ 让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种。 一般翻译为＂尽管……即使……＂就是我们日常生活中用的＂退一步说……＂的感觉。 引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：though, although, as; even if, even though; whether...or...; no matter+ 疑问词，疑问词-ever。下面对这些连词引导的让步状语从句作一说明。 1. although/though 引导的让步状语从句 although 和 though，都作＂虽然；尽管＂解，通常可以换用，although 的语气较重。如果要强调＂但 是＂语气，可使用 yet，still 或 nevertheless 来表示＂但是＂、＂依然＂或＂然而＂之意。 Although they have been talking for a long time, he cannot make her believe him. 虽然和她谈了半天，他还是不能让她信任自己。 We had to wait half an hour ________we had already booked a table. 　A. since B. although C. until D. before 【参考答案】B 2. even if/even though 引导的让步状语从句 （1）even if 引导的让步状语从句 even if ＂即使，纵然＂，从句表示的是尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。 Even if it rains tomorrow, we won’t change our plan. 即使明天下雨，我们也决不改变计划。 Even if I failed again, I will not give up the experiment. 即使我再次失败，我也决不会放弃实验。 （2） even though 引导的让步状语从句 even though＂虽然，尽管＂，从句所表示的是已经发生的动作或存在的情况，通常可以和 although/though 换用。 Even though I didn’t understand a word, I kept smiling. 即使我一个字也不懂，我还是保持微笑。 Even though you say so, I do not believe it. 即使你这样说，我也不信。 2 （2016 ·北京卷﹒单项填空）My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, _______________ he’s in his nineties. A. as long as B. as if C. even though D. in case 【参考答案】C 3. as 引导的让步状语从句 as 引导让步状语从句时，意为＂尽管，虽然＂，从句多位于主句之前，而且必须使用倒装语序。通常 如果从句中有形容词或名词作表语，则把表语置于句首，而且名词前要省略冠词；如果从句中有修饰动词 的副词，则将该副词置于句首；如果从句中有情态动词，则将情态动词后的动词原形置于句首。此用法与 though 的倒装完全一致。(although 无此用法) Much as I admire his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely. 我虽然佩服他的勇气，但我认为他这样做是不聪明的。 Strong as you maybe, you cannot lift it. 虽然你可能很有力气，你却无法把它提起来。 Child as he is, he is very brave.尽管他还是个孩子，但是他很勇敢。 1._________， his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. 　A. Strange as might it sound 　B. As it might sound strange 　C. As strange it might sound 　D. Strange as it might sound 2._________， Carolina couldn’t get the door open. 　A. Try as she might B. As she might try 　C. She might as try D. Might she as try 【参考答案】1.D 2.A 【答案解析】分析句子结构可知，以上两题都是有 as 引导的让步状语从句，因此要要倒装语序。 4. while 引导的让步状语从句 while＂虽然，尽管＂，多用于正式文体，且多位于句首，相当于 although。 While I understand your point of view, I do not share it. 我虽了解你的观点，但不敢苟同。 3 While I sympathize, I really can’t do very much to help. 虽然我很同情，但我确实帮不了什么忙。 （2016·浙江卷﹒单项填空）_____________ online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive. A. Since B. After C. While D. Unless 【参考答案】C 5. 疑问词-ever 与 no matter+疑问词引导的让步状语从句 （1）whatever/no matter what 引导的让步状语从句 whatever 和 no matter what 用法相同，都作＂无论什么＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。 Whatever/No matter what he says, don’t go. 不管他说什么，你都不要走。 We are determined to fulfill the task, whatever/no matter what happens. 不管发生什么，我们决心完成这项任务。 （2） whichever/no matter which 引导的让步状语从句 whichever 和 no matter which 用法相同，都作＂无论哪个＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。 Whichever/No matter which you buy, there is a six-month guarantee. 不论你买哪个，都有六个月的保修期。 Whichever/No matter which of the two men had stolen her purse, Barbara was determined to find them. 不管 是这两个人中的谁偷了她的钱包，芭芭拉都决心找到他们。 （3）whoever/no matter who 引导的让步状语从句 whoever 和 no matter who 用法相同，都作＂无论谁＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。 You can’t come in, whoever you are. 不管你是谁，都不能进来。 Whoever/No matter who wants to speak to me on the phone, tell him I’m busy. 不管谁要我接电话，就说我 现在正忙着呢。 （4） wherever/no matter where 引导的让步状语从句 wherever 和 no matter where 用法相同，都作＂无论在（或到）哪里＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。 Wherever/No matter where you go, I’m right here waiting for you. 无论你到哪里，我都依然在这里等着你。 （5）however/no matter how 引导的让步状语从句 however 和 no matter how 用法相同，都作＂无论如何……＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。 However much you regret doing that, there is nothing you can do about it now. 无论你可能多么懊悔你曾经 做过的事，现在也无济于事了。&网 4 However high it may be, it can’t reach the sky. 它不论有多高，也高不到天上去。 （6） whenever/no matter when 引导的让步状语从句 whenever 和 no matter when 用法相同，都作＂无论何时＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。 Whenever I’m unhappy, he cheers me up. 不管什么时候我不高兴，他都给我鼓劲儿。 1._________， I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week. 　A. However the story is amusing 　B. No matter amusing the story is 　C. However amusing the story is 　D. No matter how the story is amusing 【参考答案】C 2. You should try to get a good night’s sleep ________much work you have to do. 　A. however B. no matter 　C. although D. whatever 【参考答案】A 【答案解析】句意：无论有多么多的工作要做，你都应该晚上睡好。分析句子结构可知，＂________much work you have to do＂是让步状语从句，此处表示＂多么＂，且修饰形容词 much 应用 however。故选 A。 6. (no matter) whether...or 引导的让步状语从句 由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。 如： You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy. 不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。 Whether you believe it or not, it's true.无论你是否相信，这都是真的。 — Dad, I’ve finished my assignment. — Good, and ________you play or watch TV, you mustn’t disturb me. 　A. whenever B. whether 　C. whatever D. no matter 【参考答案】B 5 题组一 能力过关 I.用适当连接词填空，用以引导让步状语从句 1.（2017·北京卷）Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time _________the synapses become thinner. 2. （2017·江苏卷）_________ clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions（排放）peak. 3.While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. 4.(2017·新课标卷 II)The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that ________ there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. 5. (2017·新课标卷 II)Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. II.单项填空 1. _________ the students found the soldier’s idea interesting, the system for the blind was too difficult to be of practical use. A.As B. Since C. While D. When 2.Today, both male and female athletes from around the world can take part in the Olympics, _________nation they come from. A.no matter B. whatever C. what D.no matter where 3.The engineers are so busy that they have no time for sports activities, _________they have the interest. A. even if B.as if C. whenever D. wherever 4.This is a very interesting book. I’ll buy it, ________. A. how much may it cost B.no matter how it may cost C. however much it may cost D. whatever may it cost 5.______these different forms of greeting and customs might seem strange to you, remember _____you consider 6 normal probably seems just as unusual to others. A.As; what B.As; that C. While; what D. While; that 6.________, the football game was decided not to put off. A. Heavily as did it rain B.As it rained heavily C.As heavily it rained D. Heavily as it rained 7.My professor’s son was ambitious of being a soldier________ he was so weak and thin. A. because B. while C. though D.as though 8.We will hold a meeting to sum up our experience _________we finish our task. A.in case B. even though C. despite D. immediately 9.He will never give up the chance to go abroad for further education _________the situation is. A. whatever B. however C. whenever D. wherever 10.Jackson is cheerful about his life _______ he is suffering from cancer. A. even if B.as long as C.as if D. ever since III. 语法填空 A Japanese company has just invented Pepper, a human-like robot. It has arms and hands, but has no legs. Pepper can speak 17 languages and 　1　(have) a display(显示器) on its chest, in which you can type in many different 　2　(command). The robot’s artificial intelligence system can read different kinds of human emotions. It can also read, answer questions and react 　3　the feelings of people. Pepper gets its information from 　4　series of cameras, as well as facial and voice recognition software. It 　5　(connect) to the Internet where it gets information from a database. Special safety features make it almost impossible for the software 　6　(crash). Pepper is a learning robot that becomes better and better in recognizing human　7　(behave). The market demand for robots is growing and because of its 　8　(rapid) aging population, Japan is one of the 　9　(large) markets in the world. 　10　many companies have been creating robots for various purposes, very little has been done to get robots to work on the emotional level. Pepper is the first machine that can do just 7 that. 题组二 体验真题 1. (2017·北京)__________ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes. A. Once B. If C. Although D. Because 2.(2015·安徽)______ he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going. A. Where B. As C. In case D. Now that 3.（2015·安徽）______ scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don't know. A. Once B. Since C. Though D. Unless 4.(2014·北京)_______ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year. A. As B. When C. Even though D. In case 题组一 能力过关 I.用适当连接词填空，用以引导让步状语从句 1. even though 2.While/Though/Although 3. While/Though/Although 4. although 5. Though/Although II. 单项填空 1.C 【解析】考查连词。as＂正如，因为＂；since＂自从，既然＂；while＂当……时候，尽管＂；when＂ 当……时候＂。结合该句两个主谓结构表示的意思可知，该空应表示让步＂尽管……＂，＂尽管学生们 觉得这位士兵的观点很有趣，但供盲人使用的这个系统太难以致没有实用价值＂，故选 C 项。 2.B 【解析】考查让步状语从句。结合句意＂现在来自世界各地的运动员都可以参加奥运会，不论他们来自 哪个国家＂；该空引导让步状语从句，且可修饰名词 nation，故用 whatever 或 no matter what，选 B 项。 4.C 【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意：这是一本很有意思的书，无论多贵，我都会买的。B 项少了 much， 8 所以选 C。&网 5.C 【解析】考查让步状语从句和宾语从句连接词。句意：虽然这些打招呼的方式和习俗对你好像有点陌生， 但是记住，你认为很正常的东西对似乎对他人恰好是不寻常的。分析句意可知，第一空应使用让步状 语连词，as 引导让步状语从句时，必须倒装；分析句子成分可知，第二空引导的是 remember 的宾语从 句，连接词充当从句的宾语，表＂考虑的东西＂，应用连词 what；that 引导名词性从句时，只起连接 作用，不充当句子成分。故选 C。 6.D 【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意为：尽管雨下得很大，但这次足球赛未被推迟。as 表示＂尽管＂， 引导让步状语从句时，可将修饰动词的副词提前致句首，从句部分用陈述语序，故选 D 项。 7.C 【解析】考查连词。我的教授的儿子尽管身体又弱又瘦，他还是有当一名军人的志向。be ambitious of 是固定搭配，表示＂有……的野心，有……的志向＂。though 引导让步状语从句。故选 C。 8.B 【 解析】考 查连词。 in case ＂以防万一 ＂；even though＂即 使＂；despite＂尽 管，不管 ＂； immediately＂一……就……＂。句意：即使我们完成我们的任务，我们也将举行一次会议来总结经 验。故选 B。 10.A 【解析】考查状语从句。句意：杰克逊即使患了癌症，对生活依旧乐观。A. even if＂即使＂，引导让 步状语从句；B. as long as＂只要＂，引导条件状语从句；C. as if ＂似乎＂，引导方式状语从句；D. ever since＂自从……以来＂，引导时间状语从句。故选 A。 III. 语法填空 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了日本发明的机器人 Pepper。 1.has 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。此处介绍的是一种客观情况，故需用一般现在时;又因句子的主语 Pepper 为 第三人称单数，故其谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 2.commands 【解析】考查名词复数。Pepper 的胸口有一个显示器，你可以在这个显示器中输入许多不同的指令。根据 空前的"many different"和提示词 command 作"命令，指令"讲时为可数名词可知，此处应用其复数形式。 3.to 【解析】考查介词。它也可以阅读，回答问题并对人们的情感作出回应。react to..."对……作出反应"，为固 9 定用法。 4.a 【解析】考查冠词。a series of..."一系列……"为固定用法。 5.is connected 【解析】考查时态和语态。此处应用一般现在时表示客观情况;再结合动词 connect 与主语 It(指代 Pepper)之 间为被动关系可知，此处应用其被动语态。 6.to crash 【解析】考查非谓语动词。特殊的安全性能使得这个软件几乎不可能崩溃。此处为"动词+宾语+宾语补足语 +to do"结构。故填 to crash。 7.behavio(u)r 【解析】考查词性转换。Pepper 是一个学习型机器人，它在识别人类行为方面变得越来越好。分析句子结 构可知，空处应用名词作宾语，故填 behavio(u)r。 8.rapidly 【解析】考查词性转换。此处表示"由于其快速老龄化的人口"，故应用副词 rapidly"快速地，迅速地"修饰形 容词 aging。 9.largest 【解析】考查形容词最高级。日本是世界上最大的(机器人)市场之一。根据空前的"one of the"和下文的 "markets"可知，此处应用形容词 large 的最高级形式 largest，构成"one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数"结构， 表示"最……的……之一"。 10.【解析】考查让步状语从句。虽然许多公司出于各种各样的目的制作机器人，但使机器人在情感层面上 起作用的少之又少。所以此处应用 While/Although/Though"虽然，尽管"引导让步状语从句。 题组二 体验真题 1.C 【解析】A. Once 一旦 B. If 如果 C. Although 尽管 D. Because 因为。句意：尽管鸟儿们用羽毛来 飞翔，但是他们的一些羽毛还有其他用途。根据语境可知前后之间是让步关系，故选 C。 3.C 【解析】句意：虽然科学家已经了解到很多有关宇宙的知识，但是，我们仍然不知道的还有很多。A 10 一旦；B 既然，自从；C 虽然；D 除非。once 和 unless 表示条件，since 表示原因或时间；though 表 示让步或转折。这里是转折含义，故选 C。 4.C 【解析】考查状语从句。句意：尽管那个森林公园很远，但是还是有许多游客每年到这里游览。根据题 干信息，应该是＂即使（尽管）那个森林公园很远，每年还是有很多人去参观。＂由此判断，从句 为让步状语从句，应选连接词 even though。本题选 C。In case 用于引导目的状语从句，表示＂以 防＂、＂以免＂。