【英语】2018届人教版选修六一轮复习：Unit3　Ahealthylife单元学案（30页）

【英语】2018届人教版选修六一轮复习：Unit3　Ahealthylife单元学案（30页）

Unit 3　A healthy life单元学案 Period One　WarmingUp，Prereading and Reading ‎1 Drug abuse滥用毒品(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 We must prevent the abuse of privileges.‎ 我们必须防止滥用特权。‎ Government officials shouldn’t abuse their power.‎ 政府官员不应该滥用职权。‎ Stop abusing that dog！不要折磨那条狗了！‎ He is always abusing people.他总爱骂人。‎ 归纳拓展 abusive adj.施虐的 abuse of对……的虐待/伤害；滥用……‎ abuse of power/privilege滥用权力/特权 open to abuse可能被滥用的 翻译句子 ‎(1)对孩子的暴力虐待和疏于照管太常见了。‎ Physical_abuse_and_neglect_of_children_is_too_common.‎ ‎(2)他们被控滥用权力，人为地抬高物价。‎ They_were_accused_of_abusing_their_power_to_keep_prices_artificially_high.‎ ‎2 用法点拨 ‎(1)n.压力；重音 Stress is often a factor in the development of longterm sickness.心理压力常常是形成慢性病的一个因素。‎ In the word “mother” the stress is on the first syllable.‎ 在“mother”一词里，重音在第一个音节上。‎ ‎(2)v.使紧张；重读 He stressed the importance of a good education.‎ 他强调了接受良好教育的重要性。‎ You stress the first syllable in “happiness”．‎ ‎“happiness”一词重读第一个音节。‎ 归纳拓展 stressful adj.压力大的 stressed adj.有压力的 time of stress危难之际，非常时期 lay/place/put stress on...把重点放在……上 under the stress of...为……所迫 a stressful job/situation/lifestyle繁重的工作/艰难的处境/紧张的生活方式 完成句子 ‎(1)汤姆自从母亲病倒后，一直忧心忡忡。‎ Tom has been under_a_lot_of_stress since his mother’s illness.‎ ‎(2)大部分学校都重视外语教育。‎ Most schools lay/put/place_stress on foreign language education.‎ ‎3 Do you think smoking should_be_banned？你认为抽烟该被禁止吗？(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 ‎(1)v.禁止；取缔 The government has banned the use of chemical weapons.‎ 政府已经禁止使用化学武器。‎ He was banned from (attending) the meeting.‎ 不准他出席该会议。‎ ‎(2)n.禁令；谴责 Many smokers also support the ban on smoking in public places.许多吸烟者也支持在公共场合禁止吸烟。‎ 归纳拓展 ban sth.禁止某事 ban sb. from (doing) sth.禁止某人(做)某事 a ban on...关于……的禁令 ban，forbid ban与forbid都有“禁止”之意，ban指合法地或由于社会压力而禁止，表明对被禁止事物不赞成或谴责的态度。forbid指官方、上级或长辈加以禁止或客观条件不允许。‎ Fishing in this lake is banned.此湖禁止捕鱼。‎ His father forbade the marriage.他的父亲不允许这门婚事。‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)这本书被各学校图书馆所禁。‎ The book was_banned from school libraries.‎ ‎(2)将出台完全禁烟令。‎ There will be a total ban_on smoking.‎ ‎4 You see，during adolescence I also smoked and became_addicted_to cigarettes.你知道，年轻时，我也吸烟并且对香烟非常有瘾。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 Many students are addicted to computer games.‎ 许多学生迷恋计算机游戏。‎ It doesn’t take long to become addicted to these drugs.‎ 服用这些毒品不用很长时间就会上瘾。‎ 归纳拓展 addict n．沉湎于不良嗜好的人(尤指吸毒者，对……入迷的人)‎ addiction n．沉湎，成瘾 addictive adj.使人上瘾的 Coffee is addictive in a mild way.‎ 咖啡能稍微使人上瘾。‎ They are rock music addicts.‎ 他们是摇滚乐迷。‎ He is now fighting his addiction to alcohol.‎ 他现在正努力戒酒。‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)他承认他吸食可卡因上瘾了。‎ He admitted he was_addicted_to cocaine.‎ ‎(2)这些安眠药不会使人上瘾。‎ These sleeping pills are_not_addictive.‎ ‎5 As you know，if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically.你知道，如果你反反复复地做同一件事情，你就会自动地开始做它。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 Breathing is an automatic function of the body.‎ 呼吸是身体的一种无意识的功能。‎ This is an automatic control system.‎ 这是一个自动控制系统。‎ 归纳拓展 automatically adv.(尤指出于习惯)不假思索地、机械地；自然地；必然地；自动地 He made that movement automatically.‎ 他无意识地做了那个动作。‎ 翻译句子 ‎(1)“当然，”我不假思索地回答。‎ ‎“Of_course，”I_replied_automatically.‎ ‎(2)乱丢垃圾的必然后果是要罚500美元。‎ Littering_results_in_an_automatic_fine_of_500_dollars.‎ ‎6 I was addicted in all three ways，so it was very difficult to quit.我之所以上瘾是有着这三个方面的原因的，因此，要戒(烟)就很难。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 I’ve decided to quit smoking.我已决心戒烟。‎ He quitted Paris after a week.他一周后离开了巴黎。‎ 归纳拓展 quit office离职 quit school退学 quit doing sth.停止做……‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)叫他别再笑我了。‎ Tell him to quit_laughing at me.‎ ‎(2)他将辞去英格兰队主教练的职务。‎ He is quitting as manager of the England team.‎ ‎7 When I was young，I didn’t know much about the harmful effects of smoking.在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害性我知道的并不多。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 Scientists are studying the chemical’s effect on the environment.‎ 科学家正在研究该化学物质对环境的影响。‎ Any change in lifestyle will have an effect on your health.‎ 生活方式的任何改变都将影响你的健康。‎ 归纳拓展 cause and effect因果 have an/some/little/no effect on对……有/有一些/几乎没有/没有影响 come/go into effect开始实施；开始生效 in effect事实上，实际上；有效的 take effect生效，奏效 of no effect无效的，无用的 完成句子 ‎(1)实际上，我们的工资将提高2%。‎ In_effect，our wages will increase by 2%.‎ ‎(2)北美自由贸易协定对大多数美国人的日常生活几乎没有什么影响。‎ The NAFTA agreement has had_little_effect_on the daily life of most Americans.‎ ‎8 If you weaken and have a cigarette，do not feel ashamed.如果你因意志薄弱而又抽烟了，也不要觉得难为情。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 You should be ashamed of failing to finish the task.‎ 你应因没完成任务而感到惭愧。‎ I’m ashamed to have behaved so badly at your party.‎ 我很惭愧在你的宴会上举止如此恶劣。‎ 归纳拓展 be ashamed of sb./sth.对……感到羞耻(惭愧)‎ be ashamed to do sth.耻于做……，因难为情而不愿做……‎ be ashamed＋that. . .对……感到惭愧 feel ashamed for sb.替某人感到羞愧 ashamed，shameful，shameless ashamed指某人因某事而感到羞耻、惭愧、害臊等；通常作表语。‎ shameful意为“可耻的；丢脸的”，可作表语，也可作定语，主语或中心词是使人感到丢脸的人或事。‎ shameless意为“无耻的，不知羞耻的，不要脸的”，既可作表语，也可作定语，用于形容人或事物本身“恬不知耻，无耻”。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ 翻译句子 ‎(1)考试作弊是可耻的。‎ It’s_shameful_to_cheat_in_the_exam.‎ ‎(2)很久未曾写信，我甚为惭愧。‎ I_feel_ashamed_that_I_haven’t_written_for_so_long.‎ ‎9 I think my long and active life must be due_to the healthy life I live.我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛，要归功于我的健康生活。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 ‎(1)由于；归功于 What one thinks and feels is due to tradition，habit and education.‎ 一个人的想法和感觉来自传统、习俗和(他所受的)教育。‎ My success is due to your help.‎ 我的成功归功于你的帮助。‎ ‎(2)预定应到的；约定的；到期的，后面可接时间、地点状语或不定式短语。‎ He is due to speak at the meeting tomorrow.‎ 他预定明天在会上发言。‎ 归纳拓展 表示“原因，由于”的其他短语：‎ because of由于 thanks to多亏，归功于 on account of由于……‎ because＋从句 由于，因为 owing to由于……‎ Owing to the president’s ill health，the visit to Canada is to be put off.因健康原因，总统推迟访问加拿大。‎ Thanks to a good teacher，he passed the examination.‎ 多亏了一位好老师，他考试及格了。‎ He was sent to a nursing home on account of age.‎ 他因年迈而被送进福利院。‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)那起事故是由于你驾驶不小心。‎ The accident is due_to your careless driving.‎ ‎(2)这个队的成功在很大程度上是她努力的结果。‎ The team’s success was largely due_to her efforts.‎ This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed_to having nicotine in it.这就是说，过一段时间以后，你的身体习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 You’ll soon get accustomed to the climate here.‎ 你不久就会习惯这儿的气候。‎ Gradually she grew accustomed to looking after patients.‎ 她慢慢地习惯了照顾病人。‎ 归纳拓展 be/become/get/grow accustomed to (doing) sth.习惯于(做)某事，相当于be used to (doing) sth.‎ accustom vt.使习惯于……‎ accustom oneself to (doing) sth.使自己习惯于(做)某事 She found it difficult to accustom herself to doing this kind of work.她发现很难使自己习惯于做这种工作。‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)他很快适应了这种新的生活方式。‎ He quickly became/got_accustomed_to the new way of life.‎ ‎(2)她觉得有必要让孩子养成早起的习惯。‎ She found it necessary to accustom her child to_getting up early.‎ Decide_on a day to quit.选择一个日子来戒烟。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 Have you decided on going to America for further education?‎ 你已决定到美国去深造了吗？‎ Don’t decide on important matters too quickly.‎ 不要过于匆忙地对重要的事情作决定。‎ 归纳拓展 decide (not) to do sth.决定(不)做……‎ decide＋疑问词＋to do sth.‎ decide＋thatclause decide＋sth.决定……‎ decide for...作出对……有利的决定 be determined to do sth.下定决心做……‎ 翻译句子 ‎(1)是市场而不是销售者决定商品的价格。‎ It’s_not_the_seller_but_the_market_that_decides_the_price_of_goods.‎ ‎(2)已经决定会议在今天举行。‎ It has been decided that the meeting should be held today.‎ Every time you feel_like_smoking a cigarette，remind yourself that you are a nonsmoker.每次当你想吸烟的时候，你就提醒你自己，你(已经)是个不吸烟的人了。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 I feel like going to Europe for a visit next summer vacation.‎ 我好想明年暑假去欧洲旅游。‎ If you feel like it，how about taking a walk with me after supper?‎ 如果你高兴的话，晚饭后陪我去散步好吗？‎ 归纳拓展 feel like还有“摸上去像……；感觉像是……”之意。‎ The table felt like plastic，not wood.‎ 桌子摸上去像是塑料的，不像是木头的。‎ The clock said it was only eight o’clock but it felt like midnight.时钟显示的时间只有8点钟，但感觉像是午夜。‎ feel like，would like would like与feel like意思很相近，但用法却不同。feel like后面常跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，构成feel like(doing) sth.结构；而would like一般接名词、动词不定式，构成would like (to do) sth.或would like sb. to do sth.的句式。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)我想要一杯咖啡。‎ I feel_(would)_like a cup of coffee.‎ ‎(2)我回到英国时感觉非常陌生。‎ When I came back to England，I felt_like a stranger.‎ ‎1It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.在我这个年纪，依然很健康，能一下午骑车二十公里，这是令人吃惊的。‎ 用法点拨 It is not easy to finish the work in two days.‎ 两天内完成这项工作不是很容易。‎ It is surprising that she should say so.‎ 她竟然这么说，真令人惊讶。‎ It’s necessary that you should be present at the meeting.‎ 你有必要参加会议。‎ 归纳拓展 It is＋形容词＋that 从句，真正的主语是 that 从句。常见的用 it 作形式主语的复合句结构还有：‎ It is a fact /a shame/a pity/no wonder...＋thatclause...‎ It is said/reported/decided/suggested...＋thatclause...‎ It seems/happened/doesn’t matter/has turned out...＋thatclause...‎ 翻译句子 ‎(1)真遗憾你没有读过这本书。‎ It_is_a_pity_that_you_didn’t_read_the_book.‎ ‎(2)据说他是个好老师。‎ It_is_said_that_he_is_a_good_teacher.‎ ‎2 Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette,remind yourself that you are a nonsmoker.每当你想要吸烟的时候，告诫自己是个非吸烟者。‎ 用法点拨 Every/Each time I was in trouble，he would come to help me out.‎ 每次我遇到麻烦，他总是帮我解决。‎ Every/Each time I called on him，he was busy with his work.每次我去看他，他总是在忙着工作。‎ The first time I climbed onto the wall，I felt a little nervous.‎ 我第一次爬上墙时，感到有点紧张。‎ Next time you come，you’ll see him.‎ 你下次来时就会看到他。‎ 归纳拓展 名词词组作连词引导时间状语从句。最常用的有几种情况：every/each/any time；the＋序数词＋time，(the) next time；the moment/instant/minute，etc.(一……就……)；the＋day/week/month/year，etc.。‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)下次来时务必带上你的儿子。‎ Next_time_you_come，do remember to bring your son here.‎ ‎(2)她最后一次看到 James时，他躺在床上。‎ The_last_time_she_saw James，he was lying in bed.‎ 爷爷的忠告 亲爱的詹姆士：‎ 今天这儿的天气很好。现在我正坐在花园尽头的那棵大树底下呢。我刚刚才回来，骑自行车跑了很长一段路，一直到了古城堡。感到惊奇吧，像我这样的年纪，身体健康而且能在一个下午骑车跑20公里。再过两个礼拜就是我82岁的生日了！我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛，要归功于我的健康生活。‎ 这就是我写信给你的真正原因，我亲爱的孙子。你妈妈告诉我，你不久前开始吸烟了，而且现在很难把它戒掉。相信我吧，我知道，吸烟容易戒烟难。你知道，当我还是一个十几岁的孩子的时候，我也吸过烟，而且还上了瘾。‎ 这儿我想顺便问你一个问题，你知道上瘾有三个方面的原因吗？首先，你会在身体上对尼古丁有瘾，它是香烟里几百种化学物质之一。这就是说，过一段时间以后，你的身体习惯了香烟里的尼古丁，一旦你的体内没有这种麻醉剂了，你就会有断瘾症状，我记得曾感到烦燥、甚至痛苦。其次你也可能因为习惯的原因而上瘾。你知道，如果你反反复复地做同一件事情，你就会自动地做它。最后，你可以心理上瘾。我那时认为，抽了一支烟后就会感到更轻松愉快，于是我就以为抽烟才能使自己感觉良好。我之所以上瘾是有着这三个方面的原因的，因此，要戒烟就很难。但是我终于还是戒掉了。‎ 在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害性我知道得并不多。例如，我不知道抽烟能严重侵害人的心脏和肺部，也不知道吸烟的夫妇生育能力会下降。我当然不知道他们的婴儿在出生时可能体重较轻或在某些方面不正常。我更不知道，我自己吸烟还会损害那些不吸烟人的健康。然而我的的确确知道，我的女朋友觉得我的烟味很难闻。她说我的呼吸、我的衣服都有味道，而且我的手指头都变黄了。她说在我把烟戒掉之前她是不会同我一起外出的。我也发现我跑步很快就气喘，也不像以前那样爱好运动了。而当我因为不健康而被校足球队除名之后，我才知道该是我戒烟的时候了。‎ 我把我从网上找到的一些忠告寄给你，也许对你戒烟和坚定决心会有所帮助。我的确希望你把烟戒掉，因为我希望你能像我这样活得健康长寿。 爱你的爷爷！‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．John changed from a friendly and cheerful young boy into a confused adolescent(青少年)．‎ ‎2．The door opened automatically(自动地) as we approached.‎ ‎3．Mary spends all her spare time in reading and we all say that she is addicted to reading.‎ ‎4．I’m a northerner，so I am not accustomed(适应) to the kind of food that southerners often eat.‎ ‎5．She was ashamed of her obesity so she decided to go on a diet and do more exercise.‎ ‎6．Because the final exam is coming，most students are under a lot of stress(压力)．‎ ‎7．I wish you’d all quit(停止) complaining.‎ ‎8．The new law will come into effect from next month.‎ Ⅱ.短语填空 due to;addicted to;ashamed of;accustomed to;decide on;over and over again;feel like;reach for ‎1．Do you feel_like shopping with me?‎ ‎2．I was ashamed_of having lied to my teacher.‎ ‎3．The game was put off due_to the rain.‎ ‎4．I read the report over_and_over_again，till I almost knew it by heart.‎ ‎5．My parents have decided_on buying the red shoes for my birthday.‎ ‎6．He has been accustomed_to the life in the mountains from his earliest boyhood.‎ ‎7．He is seriously addicted_to these drugs.‎ ‎8．He turned round and reached_for the phone.‎ Ⅲ.用恰当的介、副词填空 ‎1．What’s the problem with the method?‎ ‎2．He has been accustomed to managing the store.‎ ‎3．He eventually gave up his idea due to the bad weather.‎ ‎4．I really feel like staying at home today.‎ ‎5．In spite of her wounded leg，she succeeded in covering the distance.‎ ‎6．With a lot of work to do，he had to work all day.‎ Ⅳ.句型转换 ‎1．He has the habit of staying up late and getting up late.‎ He is accustomed/used_to staying up late and getting up late.‎ ‎2．He is so strong that he can lift a heavy stone.‎ He is strong enough to lift such a heavy stone.‎ ‎3．His son is so interested in playing computer games that he spends all his free time playing them.‎ His son is addicted to computer games.‎ ‎4．What she said made him change his mind.‎ She managed to persuade him.‎ ‎5．The heavy rain couldn’t stop them from going out.‎ In spite of the heavy rain，they still went out.‎ ‎6．My younger sister failed in the entrance exam because of her carelessness.‎ My younger sister failed in the entrance exam due to her carelessness.‎ Ⅴ.单项填空 ‎1．He was ________ of having asked such a silly question.‎ A．ashamed B．shame C．sorry D．regret 答案　A 解析　be ashamed of...因……而羞愧。‎ ‎2．Dr. Smith quitted ________ to have dinner.‎ A．researching B．researched C．to research D．to researched 答案　A 解析　quit后跟doing形式作宾语。‎ ‎3．According to the recent research，heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessary ________ and effect.‎ A．reason B．impact C．fact D．cause 答案　D 解析　cause and effect为固定短语，意为“因果关系”。句意为：根据最新研究，过量饮用咖啡与心脏病之间没有必然的因果关系。‎ ‎4．The English teacher laid particular ________ the need of reading aloud.‎ A．stress on B．importance C．stress to D．attention 答案　A 解析　句意为：老师特别强调了大声朗读的重要性。lay stress on强调。‎ ‎5．The heating system here has an ________ temperature control.‎ A．automobile B．autumn C．automatic D．aural 答案　C 解析　考查词义辨析。automobile汽车；automatic自动的；aural听觉的。句意为：这里的加热系统可以自动调节温度。根据题意，知C项正确。‎ ‎6．He fell ill and ________ died.‎ A．constantly B．eventually C．especially D．essentially 答案　B 解析　副词词义辨析。constantly经常地；eventually最终；especially尤其；essentially根本上。B项符合题意。‎ ‎7．A ________ hospital has just been set up here.‎ A．mental B．metal C．mortal D．moral 答案　A 解析　句意为：这儿刚建了一家精神医院。‎ ‎8．My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ________ it.‎ A．in favour of B．in memory of C．in honour of D．in search of 答案　A 解析　句意为：我姐姐反对我的建议而我哥哥赞同。in favour of支持，赞同；in memory of为纪念……；in honour of为纪念……，为了向……表示敬意；in search of寻找……。‎ ‎9．I feel like ________ to the cinema tonight and I would like you ________ me company.‎ A．going；to keep B．going；keeping C．to go；to keep D．to go；keeping 答案　A 解析　feel like (doing) sth.想要(干)……；would like sb. to do sth.想要让某人做……。‎ ‎10．If your race car isn’t insured，you may ________ losing everything when it hits something solid.‎ A．delay B．deny C．avoid D．risk 答案　D 解析　句意为：如果你的赛车没有被投保，碰上硬东西时，你就可能冒失去一切的风险。delay耽搁；deny否定；avoid避免；risk冒风险。‎ Ⅵ.完形填空 Recent studies show that only one out of three people have strong and healthy selfconfidence.That __1__ two out of every three people simply don’t know the __2__ they already have to be successful when it’s __3__ there in their hands！__4__ if you want others to believe in you，you have to believe in yourself first.Remember：“No one can make you feel inferior unless you __5__ them”．A successful businessman says，“You can’t push anyone up a ladder __6__ he knows he can climb himself.”‎ Many of us have an image __7__，the image we have of ourselves.__8__ one guy puts it：“You can’t win a horse race if you think you look __9__ on a horse.” To succeed，the first person you have to __10__ is yourself！So stop believing your own lies about yourself.Just __11__ your mind and you’ll change your life.‎ One of the most harmful weapons that can kill your success in life are the two little words：“__12__”You know that people used to __13__ that if human beings traveled faster than 30 miles an hour it would __14__ our circulation of blood and kill us.Thank goodness a few people didn’t believe that __15__ thinking，or we wouldn’t be riding in cars，buses，and flying in airplanes today.You’ll never know until you __16__.‎ Roger Bannister was the first human being to run a mile in less than 4 minutes.But __17__ he did it，most people in the world didn’t think it was even __18__.Yet only weeks after Bannister did it，suddenly __19__ all over the world began running a mile in less than 4 minutes！If we believe something can be done，we’ll __20__ do it.‎ ‎1．A.means B．reflects C．reads D．explains 答案　A 解析　mean意味着，意思是；reflect反映；read读；explain解释。结合原文，第二句是对第一句的解释，A项最符合逻辑。‎ ‎2．A.chance B．strength C．ability D．reason 答案　C 解析　ability能力。结合整句话来看，ability用在此处最适合。‎ ‎3．A.immediately B．properly C．accurately D．right 答案　D 解析　句意为：这就意味着有三分之二的人虽然已经拥有了获得成功的能力，但他们却不知道。right恰好；immediately立即；properly适当的；accurately确切地。‎ ‎4．A.Because B．But C．What D．While 答案　B 解析　结合上下文，此处应表转折。‎ ‎5．A.let B．challenge C．admit D．make 答案　A 解析　句意为：没有人能使你感到自卑。除非你给了别人这个权力。‎ ‎6．A.if B．except C．until D．unless 答案　D 解析　句意为：你不能推任何人上梯子，除非他自己觉得能爬上去。‎ ‎7．A.quiz B．question C．problem D．mystery 答案　C 解析　problem问题；quiz测验；question疑问；mystery秘密。句意为：我们很多人有形象问题，就是对自我形象的认识。‎ ‎8．A.When B．As C．While D．Since 答案　B 解析　as正如。‎ ‎9．A.curious B．goodlooking C．serious D．funny 答案　D 解析　funny滑稽可笑的；curious好奇的；goodlooking相貌好看的；serious严肃的。句意为：正如有人说：“如果你觉得自己骑马的样子滑稽可笑，你就不可能赢得赛马。”‎ ‎10．A.beat B．knock C．strike D．defend 答案　A 解析　beat战胜，打败；knock敲击；strike打击；defend保护。句意为：要想成功，你要战胜的第一个人就是你自己。‎ ‎11．A.settle B．bend C．change D．fix 答案　C 解析　句意为：你不要再欺骗自己了，改变你的思维就会改变你的生活。‎ ‎12．A.I failed. B．Not me.‎ C．Can I? D．I can’t.‎ 答案　D 解析　文章的中心就是要相信自己能行(I can)。句意为：生活中断送成功最致命的武器之一就是几个字：“我不能。”‎ ‎13．A.imagine B．think C．suspect D．doubt 答案　B 解析　人们过去曾以为……。‎ ‎14．A.start B．help C．stop D．quit 答案　C 解析　句意为：人们曾经以为步行速度超过每小时30英里，人就会因血液循环停止而死亡。‎ ‎15．A.silly B．empty C．reasonable D．terrible 答案　A 解析　句意为：幸好一些人不信这个愚蠢的说法，否则，今天我们就不可能坐汽车、公共汽车和飞机了。‎ ‎16．A.judge B．realize C．understand D．try 答案　D 解析　try尝试，努力；judge判断。句意为：不试，你就永远不会知道。‎ ‎17．A.after B．before C．since D．because 答案　B 解析　结合整句话，应是表示在他达到此速度“之前”。‎ ‎18．A.likely B．unbelievable C．possible D．impossible 答案　C 解析　句意为：但在他达到此速度之前，当时世界上的大多数人都认为这是不可能的。‎ ‎19．A.workers B．runners C．competitors D．players 答案　B 解析　句意为：可就在本尼斯特破了纪录之后的几个星期内，突然间，不用4分钟就跑完1英里的人世界上到处都是。‎ ‎20．A.simply B．seldom C．always D．usually 答案　D 解析　usually通常；simply仅仅；seldom很少；always总是。句意为：如果我们相信自己能做到，往往我们就能做到。 ‎ Period Two　Learning about Language it的用法(Ⅰ)‎ ‎1．用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情。‎ 一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情，没有性别的区分；可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，在句子中既可作主语，也可作宾语。‎ ‎(1)指动物和植物。‎ Look at that bird.It always comes to my window.‎ 看那只鸟。它总是飞到我的窗前来。‎ ‎(2)指代无生命的东西。‎ This is my watch.It’s a Swiss one.‎ 这是我的手表，它是瑞士制的。‎ ‎(3)代替上文提到过的整个事情。‎ Well，you mustn’t play on the road.It’s dangerous.‎ 哦，你不能在马路上玩。这太危险了。‎ ‎2．用于指代人 ‎(1)指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用。‎ ‎—Who is knocking at the door？——谁在敲门？‎ ‎—It’s me.——是我。‎ ‎(2)指说话者心目中的那个人。‎ ‎—Look，someone is coming.Who can it be?‎ ‎——看，有人过来了。他可能是谁呢？‎ ‎—It may be the headmaster.——可能是校长。‎ ‎(3)在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时，常用it指人。‎ ‎—Who’s that？——那人是谁？‎ ‎—Is it Helen？——是海伦吗？‎ ‎—Yes，I think you’re right.It’s Helen.‎ ‎——是的，我想你说对了，是海伦。‎ ‎3．用于指时间、距离和自然现象等。‎ ‎(1)表示时间。‎ ‎—What’s the date？今天是几月几日？‎ ‎—It’s the third of March.今天是3月3日。‎ ‎(2)表示距离。‎ It’s only five minutes’ walk from here.‎ 它离这儿仅有步行五分钟的路程。‎ ‎(3)表示自然现象。‎ It is going to rain.天要下雨了。‎ ‎(4)表示环境，形势等。‎ If it’s convenient，I can see you tomorrow.‎ 如果方便，我明天能见你。‎ ‎4．用作形式主语 英语中为了保持句子平衡，避免句子给人造成头重脚轻的感觉，常常要用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语、名词性从句等)放在句末。这是一种习惯表达法，常见的句型有：‎ ‎(1)It＋is/was＋形容词＋(for sb.)＋动词不定式短语。‎ It is necessary for older people to understand what they think and feel.‎ 年长的人有必要了解他们在想些什么，他们有什么感觉。‎ ‎(2)It＋is/was＋形容词＋of sb.＋动词不定式短语。‎ It’s clever of you to do like this.你这样做很聪明。‎ ‎(3)It＋系动词(be动词除外)＋形容词＋动词不定式短语。‎ It feels strange to have a twin sister.‎ 有个孪生姐妹感觉很奇怪。‎ ‎(4)It＋will be/is/was＋形容词/名词＋动名词短语。‎ It’s a waste of time doing the work.‎ 做这项工作是在浪费时间。‎ It’s no good waiting.等候是没有用的。‎ ‎(5)It＋is/was＋形容词＋that从句。‎ It is certain that he will attend the meeting.‎ 他一定会参加会议的。‎ It is important that we (should) study hard.‎ 我们应该努力学习，这是很重要的。‎ 注意　It is clear (plain，true，certain，sure，obvious，certain...)＋thatclause(从句用陈述语气)‎ It is important (necessary...)＋thatclause(从句用虚拟语气，should可省略)‎ ‎(6)It＋is/was＋one’s turn (duty，pleasure，a pity，great fun，a habit，time，a rule，a shame，no wonder)＋to do sth.。‎ It’s your turn to be on duty tomorrow.明天轮到你值日了。‎ It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship.‎ 乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。‎ ‎(7)It is/was＋名词或名词短语＋从句。‎ It’s a wonder that you could finish such a hard task in such a short time.‎ 真奇怪，你竟然在如此短的时间内完成如此艰巨的任务。‎ 注意　“It is a suggestion (my wish)＋that从句”句型中，从句中谓语部分用should＋动词原形，should可省略。‎ It’s his suggestion that we should go by train.‎ 他建议我们乘火车去。‎ ‎(8)It is＋过去分词＋that从句。‎ It is reported that there will be a concert this Saturday night.据报道本周六晚有一场音乐会。‎ It is suggested that some measures (should) be taken to stop pollution.据建议要采取一些措施来防止污染。‎ 注意　该句型常为：It is said/hoped/thought/supposed/known/reported/announced/decided/‎ suggested/believed...that...等，该句型常可以转换成含有宾语从句的复合句或者含有不定式作主语补足语的简单句。‎ 据说汤姆已经回国了。‎ It is said that Tom has come back from abroad.‎ ‎＝People say that Tom has come back from abroad.‎ ‎＝Tom is said to have come back from abroad.‎ ‎(9)It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.‎ 该句型表示“(某人)花……时间做某事”。‎ It took me three hours to finish the work.‎ 我花了三个小时才做完这项工作。‎ ‎(10)It＋costs＋sb.＋some money＋to do sth.‎ 该句型意为“某人花多少钱做某事”。‎ It cost me 80 yuan to buy the dictionary.‎ 我买这本词典花了80元钱。‎ ‎(11)It＋动词＋主语从句。‎ It never occurred to me that perhaps he was lying.‎ 我从没想到过他可能是在说谎。‎ ‎5．用作形式宾语 当句子的真正宾语是动词不定式、动名词或从句时，为避免句子头重脚轻，须将其放在宾语补足语之后，改用先行词it占据其原来的位置。it用作形式宾语的句型为：主语＋谓语＋it＋宾语补足语＋动词不定式/动名词/从句。该句型中宾语补足语可由形容词、名词等充当。能够用于形式宾语句型的动词有think，make，find，consider，feel，take等。‎ Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.‎ 马克思觉得研究俄国的形势很重要。‎ The ancient people took it for granted that the earth was flat.古代人想当然地认为地球是平坦的。‎ ‎6．另外两个与it有关的常用句型 ‎(1)It is/was/will be the＋序数词＋time＋that从句 该句型意为“这里/那是/这将是某人第几次做某事了”。‎ 主句谓语动词用is时，从句用现在完成时；主句的谓语动词用was时，从句用过去完成时；主句的谓语动词用will be时，从句的谓语动词用一般现在时表示将来。‎ She understood what I was talking about，even though it was the first time we had spoken together.‎ 尽管这是我们第一次在一起谈话，但是她明白我在谈些什么。‎ ‎—Do you know our town at all?‎ ‎——你了解我们的城镇吗？‎ ‎—No，it is the first time I have been here.‎ ‎——不，这是我第一次来这儿。‎ 注意　句型中it可以用this或that替换，time可以用week，year，month等表示时间的名词替换。‎ This is the first month/year that I have been here.‎ 这是我在这儿的第一个月/第一个年头。‎ ‎(2)It is (high/about) time that sb.did/should do sth.‎ 该句型意为“是该某人做某事的时候了”，这是一个虚拟语气句型，表示与现在事实相反。‎ It is (high) time that we should have lunch.‎ 我们应该吃午饭了。‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.单项填空 ‎1．Our neighbors gave ________ a baby bird yesterday that hurt ________ when it fell from its nest.‎ A．us；it B．us；itself C．ourselves；itself D．ourselves；it 答案　B 解析　句意为：昨天我们的邻居给了我们一只雏鸟，这只雏鸟从窝里摔下来时受了伤。第一空给“我们”，应用us；第二空“鸟伤到了自己”，故用反身代词itself。‎ ‎2．________ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.‎ A．This B．That C．What D．It 答案　D 解析　it在句中代指所发生的事情，the way在句中作方式状语，同时又作了先行词，其后为定语从句，省略了引导词that或in which。‎ ‎3．________felt funny watching myself on TV.‎ A．One B．This C．It D．That 答案　C 解析　it为形式主语，真正的主语为动名词短语watching myself on TV。‎ ‎4．I’d appreciate ________ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.‎ A．that B．it C．this D．you 答案　B 解析　句意为：如果你愿意教我如何使用电脑，我将非常感激。I’d appreciate it if...是固定句式。it是形式宾语，if引导的从句是真正的宾语。‎ ‎5．If I can help ________，I don’t like working late into the night.‎ A．so B．that C．it D．them 答案　C 解析　句意为：但凡我有点办法，我就不工作到深夜。在本句中，说话者并未直接说出it所指内容。说话者未说明但谈话双方都知道的事情可以用it代替。‎ ‎6．________ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.‎ A．There B．This C．That D．It 答案　D 解析　句中that引导的从句是真正的主语，缺少形式主语，只能用it充当。‎ ‎7．Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work hard，but ________ didn’t help.‎ A．he B．which C．she D．it 答案　D 解析　句意为：汤姆的妈妈不停地告诉他应该努力学习，但那不起作用。由此可排除A、C两选项，句中的连词but可以排除B选项。‎ ‎8．As the busiest woman in Norton，she made ________ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town.‎ A．this B．that C．one D．it 答案　D 解析　it作形式宾语，to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town作真正的宾语。make常用于“make it ＋adj./n.＋不定式短语”结构中。‎ ‎9．I hate ________ when people talk with their mouths full.‎ A．it B．that C．these D．them 答案　A 解析　it在句中作形式宾语，真正的宾语是when引导的从句。‎ ‎10．________ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger，more prosperous economy.‎ A．As B．That C．This D．It 答案　D 解析　本句考查从句的用法。根据句子结构，that引导的从句为主语从句，作真正主语，因此前边应有形式主语，而形式主语只能用it，不能用this或that.‎ ‎11．— Steven has got first prize in the maths contest.‎ ‎— ________ is no wonder that he looks so happy today.‎ A．As B．It C．This D．That 答案　B 解析　It’s no wonder that...难怪……，为固定句型。有时可省略为No wonder that...。‎ ‎12．________ is very hard for those who haven’t been to small villages to describe their beauty.‎ A．That B．As C．It D．This 答案　C 解析　It is ＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.为固定结构。‎ ‎13．Was it ________ Lei Feng did ________ inspired the students to work for the people?‎ A．that；that B．what；that C．what；what D．that；what 答案　B 解析　本题为强调句型的一般疑问句形式，强调的是主语what Lei Feng did。第一个空所填的词作did的宾语，故用what。‎ ‎14．________ that there was unrest in Tibet on March 14th because of some illegal activities.‎ A．It is reported B．It reported C．It reports D．It is reporting 答案　A 解析　It is reported/said/hoped/believed that...为固定句式。‎ ‎15．Come and see me whenever ________.‎ A．you are convenient B．you’ll be convenient C．it is convenient to you D．it will be convenient to you 答案　C 解析　It is convenient to sb.是固定句式，意为“在某人方便时……”。‎ ‎16．________ is no good ________ without doing anything.‎ A．It；to talk B．This；talking C．That；to talk D．It；talking 答案　D 解析　It is no good/use doing sth.为固定句式。‎ ‎17．Is ________ necessary to complete the design before National Day?‎ A．this B．that C．it D．he 答案　C 解析　it在句中作形式主语。‎ ‎18．________ a hot day，I decide to go for a swim.‎ A．So B．How C．It being D．It is 答案　C 解析　句意为：大热天，我决定去游泳。句中没有连词，所以排除D项，It being a hot day为独立主格结构。‎ ‎19．________ four years since John left school.‎ A．They have been B．It is C．It was D．Those are 答案　B 解析　It is＋时间段＋since...为固定句式。‎ ‎20．________ only five minutes to finish my homework yesterday.‎ A．It took myself B．It required me C．It took me D．It needed me 答案　C 解析　It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.是固定结构，意为“某人花……时间做某事”。‎ Ⅱ.用it作形式主语的用法改写下列句子 ‎1．To learn something about the use of “it” is necessary.‎ It_is_necessary_to_learn_something_about_the_use_of_“it”．‎ ‎2．Crying over spilt milk is no use.‎ It_is_no_use_crying_over_spilt_milk.‎ ‎3．That the boss was behaving pretty strangely struck me.‎ It_struck_me_that_the_boss_was_behaving_pretty_strangely.‎ ‎4．Whether you come or not doesn’t interest me.‎ It_doesn’t_interest_me_whether_you_come_or_not.‎ ‎5．Tom is believed to win the race.‎ It_is_believed_that_Tom_will_win_the_race.‎ Ⅲ.阅读理解 A If the world were a village of 1,000 people，it would include：‎ ‎584 Asians ‎124 Africans ‎ 95 Eastern and Western Europeans ‎84 Latin Americans ‎55 former Soviets (including Lithuanians，Latvians，Estonians，and other national groups)‎ ‎52 North Americans ‎6 Australians and New Zealanders The people of the village would speak：‎ ‎165 Mandarin ‎86 English ‎83 Hindu/Urdu ‎64 Spanish ‎58 Russia ‎37 Arabic The above list covers the mother tongues of only half the village.‎ Onethird of the people in the village are children，and only 60 are over the age of 65.Just under half of the married women in the village have_access_to modern equipment.‎ This year 28 babies will be born.Ten people will die,3 of them for lack of food,1 from cancer.Two of the deaths will be of babies born within the year.With the 28 births and 10 deaths，the population of the village next year will be 1,018.‎ In this village of 1,000 persons,200 people receive 75 percent of the income；another 200 receive only 2 percent of the income.‎ About one has access to clean，safe drinking water.‎ Of the 670 adults in the village，half can not read nor write.‎ The village has a total yearly budget，public and private of over $3 million. $3,000 per person if it is distributed evenly.Of the total $3 million：‎ ‎$181,000 goes to weapons and warfare ‎$159,000 to education ‎$132,000 to health care These weapons are under the control of just 100 of the people.The other 900 are watching them with deep anxiety，wondering whether they can learn to get along together.‎ ‎1．According to the passage，the population in Asia and Africa make up ________.‎ A．onethird B．more than half C．more than twothirds D．90%‎ 答案　C 解析　文中说每1 000人中，有亚洲人584人，非洲人124人，所以加起来是708人。‎ ‎2．Which of the following is true about Mandarin according to the text?‎ A．Nearly onethird of Asian people speak Mandarin in the village.‎ B．About 8.25% of the people speak Mandarin in the village.‎ C．About 16.5% of the people speak Mandarin in the village.‎ D．Nearly all the Mandarinspeaking people are from Asia in the village.‎ 答案　C 解析　每1 000人中，有165个说Mandarin。‎ ‎3．Which of the following problems is NOT mentioned in the text?‎ A．Poverty B．Education C．Environment D．Marriage 答案　D ‎4．The underlined part “have access to”(in Para.4) means ________.‎ A．use B．buy C．produce D．try 答案　A 解析　文中说村中不及一半的已婚妇女have access to现代设备。所以推知access应是“使用(权)”之意。‎ ‎5．The last sentence in the text implies that most of the people long for ________.‎ A．a peaceful world B．good education C．better health care D．a life without anxiety 答案　D 解析　最后一段说90%的人焦虑地看着那10%持武器者，不知是否能应付的了。‎ B Chinese paper cutting is a unique art form and has existed for thousands of years.Because the cutouts are also used to decorate doors and windows，they are sometimes referred to as “chuang hua”，meaning Window Flower.In the Han Dynasty，paper began as a precious thing，which was out of the reach of common people.Few people could use paper for an entertainment cause such as art.‎ From the 7th to 13th century，paper cutting became popular especially during Chinese holiday festivals，when almost all the families，not just those in the upper class，decorated their houses with cutouts to show best wishes.The art spread to the rest of the world in the 14th century，immediately catching people’s eye.‎ In the past，every girl in the countryside was expected to master the skill of paper cutting and brides were often judged by their skill.While it is easy to learn about cutting a piece of paper，mastering it is another thing.Professional paper cutting artists are，on the other hand，usually male and can even cut out different drawings freely without stopping.‎ One must hold the knife in an upright fashion and press evenly on the paper with some strength.When you look at items made in this method carefully，you will be amazed by the subtle(细微的)expressions of the figure’s feeling and appearance，or the lively portrayal(描绘)of natural plants and animals’ various gestures.‎ Today，paper cuttings are chiefly decorative.They decorate walls，windows，doors，columns，mirrors，lamps and lanterns in homes and are also used on presents or are given as gifts themselves.Entrances decorated with paper cutting are supposed to bring good luck.In Chinese culture it can reflect many aspects of life such as health，or harvest.Some cuttings represent stories about the happiness gained from the accomplishment of common goals.‎ ‎6．When paper cutting first appeared in China，________.‎ A．it was considered as a waste of precious paper B．only rich people in the upper class could enjoy it C．everyone was allowed to learn about it ‎ D．it soon became the main art form of the time 答案　B 解析　根据第一段的倒数第二句话可知在汉朝，纸是非常昂贵的东西，穷人们接触不到，再根据第二段的首句“...when almost all the families，not just those in the upper class，decorated ‎ their houses with cutouts to show best wishes”可知剪纸作为一种艺术形式最初只是上层人才能够享受得到的。‎ ‎7．In the countryside，paper cutting used to be________.‎ A．what girls had to learn and master B．the main source of family income C．a skill mastered by men D．something looked down upon by people 答案　A 解析　根据第三段的首句可知过去在农村，每个女孩都要掌握剪纸技术。‎ ‎8．According to the fourth paragraph，people are often amazed at paper cutting because it________.‎ A．is all handmade B．is true to life C．can be used to decorate a lot of things D．uses bright colors 答案　B 解析　根据第四段的“you will be amazed by the subtle expressions of the figure’s feeling and appearance，or the lively portrayal of natural plants and animals’ various gestures”可知剪纸之所以让人惊奇是因为它能够细微地刻画出人物的感情和外貌，也能够活灵活现地描绘出自然界的植物以及动物的姿势。言外之意也就是人们为剪纸所刻画出的惟妙惟肖、栩栩如生的形象所惊奇，故选B项。‎ ‎9．From the passage，we know all of the following themes are expressed by paper cutting EXCEPT ________.‎ A．luck B．health C．power D．happiness 答案　C 解析　根据最后一段可知剪纸艺术象征着好运、健康、收获和幸福，但不包括权力。‎ ‎10．What can we learn from the passage?‎ A．It was hard for the world to accept paper cutting in the 14th century.‎ B．Women are usually better at paper cutting than men.‎ C．Paper cutting is the most popular way of decoration in China.‎ D．It is very difficult to master paper cutting with perfection.‎ 答案　D 解析　根据第二段的“The art spread to the rest of the world in the 14th century，immediately catching people’s eye.”可知A选项错误；根据第三段的“Professional paper cutting artists are，on the other hand，usually male ...”可知B选项错误；C选项错在the most popular way字眼的使用；根据第三段的“While it is easy to learn about cutting a piece of paper，mastering it is another thing.”可知D选项正确。 ‎ Period Three　Using Language ‎1 She felt embarrassed about her body shape，so she decided to go on a diet.对自己的体形感到不安，她决定节食。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 Laura did not like to admit that she was embarrassed by her sister.‎ 劳拉不想承认自己被姐姐弄得很难堪。‎ They were too embarrassed to ask someone to help.‎ 他们觉得太难为情了，因而没有请人帮忙。‎ 归纳拓展 be embarrassed by...被……弄得难堪 be embarrassed about...对……感到难堪 too embarrassed to do sth.太难为情而不能做……‎ embarrassing令人不安的；让人难堪的；令人尴尬的 embarrassment n．尴尬；难堪 embarrass v．使尴尬；使窘迫；使不安 完成句子 ‎(1)他对自己的病的性质感到很不安。‎ He was_embarrassed_about the nature of his illness.‎ ‎(2)他们坐在那里，局促不安地沉默着。‎ They sat in_embarrassed_silence.‎ ‎2 He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking_risks.他认为他一定要对每一步做出决定而不是去冒险。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 There is no risk of her failing/that she will fail.‎ 她不会有失败的危险。‎ He saved the child at the risk of losing his own life.‎ 他冒着生命危险救了那个孩子。‎ 归纳拓展 at risk (of)处于(……)危险中 at the risk of...冒着……的危险 at any risk无论冒什么风险；一定 run/take a risk/risks冒险 run/take the risk of doing sth.冒……的危险做……‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)公司的发展前景不妙。‎ The future of the company is at_risk.‎ ‎(2)我不想冒险把约翰单独留下。‎ I didn’t want to take/run_the_risk_of leaving John alone.‎ ‎3 It is illegal...(做)……是违法的(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 It is illegal to carry guns without permission.‎ 未经允许携带枪支是违法的。‎ It is illegal for employers to discriminate on grounds of race.‎ 雇主对种族的歧视是违法的。‎ 归纳拓展 illegal还可作名词，意为“非法移民；非法劳工”。‎ We don’t want illegals coming for welfare dollars.‎ 我们不想要为福利金而来的非法移民。‎ It is illegal (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)做……是违法的 legal adj.合法的；法律的 illegally adv.‎ illegality n.‎ 佳句背诵 ‎(1)我被控非法拥有武器。‎ I was charged with illegal possession of firearms.‎ ‎(2)在英国，如果你不到16岁，购买香烟是违法的。‎ It’s illegal to buy cigarettes in Britain if you are under 16.‎ ‎4 HIV weakens a person’s immune system.HIV使人体免疫系统变弱。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 The illness weakened her heart.‎ 那场病使她的心脏变弱了。‎ She began to weaken after running for 8 miles.‎ 她跑了8英里后开始变得虚弱。‎ 归纳拓展 weak adj.虚弱的；有病的 be weak in在……方面薄弱 weakness n．虚弱；缺点 注意：在英语中en为一个后缀，很多形容词加上en后，变成动词，如：widen，deepen等。‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)紧张会减弱免疫系统的功能。‎ Stress can weaken the immune system.‎ ‎(2)许多建筑物由于去年的那次地震已经变得摇摇欲坠了。‎ Many buildings have already been_weakened by last year’s earthquake.‎ ‎5 If you develop AIDS，your chances of survival are very small.如果你患了艾滋病，你活下来的机会是很小的。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 In these jungle areas，every day is a fight for survival.‎ 在这些丛林地带，每天都要为生存而斗争。‎ The survival rate of patients with this form of cancer is low.‎ 患这种癌症的病人存活下来的几率很低。‎ 归纳拓展 fight/struggle for survival为生存而斗争 survival of the fittest适者生存 survive v．(经历战争，伤病等)幸存，活下来；(在困难或危险处境下)继续存在，保存下来；比……活(存在的)时间长 survive on sth.仅靠……维持生计 surviving adj.幸存的，残存的 翻译句子 ‎(1)丈夫死后她又活了十年。‎ She_survived_her_husband_by_ten_years.‎ ‎(2)这一家的月收入这么少，怎么活命呢？‎ How does the family survive on such a small monthly wage?‎ ‎6 The following statements are NOT true.下列这些说法都是错误的。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 The prime minister is expected to issue a statement on the policy change.‎ 人们预计首相将就政策的改变发表声明。‎ Before we begin，I’d like to make a statement about my involvement.在我们开始之前，我想就我的参与稍加说明。‎ 归纳拓展 make/issue a statement发表一项声明 joint statement联合声明 statement on...就……发表声明 完成句子 ‎(1)部长被要求就会谈的进展发表声明。‎ The minister was asked to make/issue_a_statement_on the progress of the talks.‎ ‎(2)合并双方发表了联合声明。‎ A joint statement was issued by both parties in the merger.‎ ‎7 Unfortunately，people with HIV sometimes lose their friends because of prejudice.不幸的是，由于人们的偏见，携带HIV病毒的患者有时会失去他们的朋友。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 Women still have to face a great deal of prejudice in the workplace.妇女在工作场所仍然必须面对很多的偏见。‎ Prejudice against black people is common in many parts of America.在美国很多地方仍普遍存在着对黑人的偏见。‎ 归纳拓展 prejudice against...对……的偏见 prejudice v．使产生成见；使产生偏见 prejudice sb. against...使……对……产生偏见 prejudiced adj.有偏见的，有成见的 prejudicial adj.有害的，不利的；造成偏见的 翻译句子 ‎(1)我们一直在努力克服对女性参政的偏见。‎ We’ve_been_working_hard_to_overcome_prejudice_against_women_in_politics.‎ ‎(2)如此延误可能会不利于孩子的健康。‎ The_delay_is_likely_to_be_prejudicial_to_the_child’s_health.‎ ‎8 Before you read this text，what judgements did you make about people with HIV/AIDS？在你读课文之前，对于携带HIV病毒或患有艾滋病的人，你会作出什么样的判断呢？(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 My personal judgement is that he is to blame.‎ 依我看来，他难逃其咎。‎ The judgement is in favour of her.那判决对她有利。‎ 归纳拓展 in one’s judgement在……看来 make a judgement about...对……做出判断 against one’s better judgement明知不适当地，违心地 more by luck than judgement凭运气而不是判断力 完成句子 ‎(1)关于这件事，你得接受他的看法。‎ You have to accept his judgement_on the matter.‎ ‎(2)他对别人下判断时太性急了。‎ He is too quick to make_judgements_about other people.‎ ‎9 In_spite_of all his efforts he failed.尽管他已竭尽全力，但仍然失败了。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 In spite of the bad things he’s done，I still believe in his essential goodness.‎ 尽管他做了坏事，我仍然相信他本性是善良的。‎ In spite of his old age，he still leads an active life.‎ 尽管年事已高，他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。‎ in spite of，despite，although in spite of ＝ despite(较正式)，表让步关系，后接名词或名词短语。‎ although也表让步关系，引导让步状语从句。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)她尽管戴着眼镜但还是不能看得很清楚。‎ She can’t see very well in_spite_of her glasses.‎ ‎(2)那男孩无视父亲的命令，径自出去了。‎ The boy went out in_spite_of his father’s orders.‎ Of course the best way to deal with these drugs is not to get_into the habit in the first place！当然，最好的对付毒品的办法就是一开始时就别染上毒瘾。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 Don’t let yourself get into bad habits.‎ 别让自己染上恶习。‎ He had got into the habit of walking home through the park by 10 years old.‎ 他十岁之前就养成了穿过公园步行回家的习惯。‎ 归纳拓展 get into一般不用于被动语态，其作“养成做某事的习惯；学会做某事之常规”讲时，常形成get into the way/habit/routine of doing sth.结构。get into含义广泛，还有“开始从事某职业；对……产生兴趣；使陷入(困境)”等意。‎ What’s the best way to get into journalism?‎ 进入新闻界的最佳途径是什么？‎ Lots of my friends are getting into Green Politics.‎ 我的许多朋友开始对绿色政治感兴趣。‎ I am sorry if I got you into trouble.‎ 如果我给你添了麻烦，我十分抱歉。‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)别发脾气。‎ Don’t get_into a temper.‎ ‎(2)他因偷车而麻烦缠身。‎ He got_into_trouble by stealing cars.‎ Each person should take_turns to make a sentence...每一个人都应该轮流造句……(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 The male and female birds take turns in sitting on the eggs.‎ 雄鸟和雌鸟轮流孵窝。‎ We take it in turns to do the housework.‎ 我们轮流做家务。‎ 归纳拓展 轮流做……‎ in turn依次，轮流；转而，反过来 It’s one’s turn(to do sth.)轮到某人(做某事)了 take one’s turn该做了；轮到做了 翻译句子 ‎(1)他们轮流照看那个孤儿。‎ They_take_turns_to_look_after_the_orphan.‎ ‎(2)增加生产会继而增加利润。‎ Increased production will，in turn，lead to increased profits.‎ Here are some things you can do to make_sure you stay safe.你可以按照这里列举的一些注意事项去做，以确保自己安全。(回归课本)‎ 用法点拨 Will you make sure of his return?‎ ‎＝Will you make sure that he returned?‎ 请你查明他是否真的回来了，好吗？‎ Make sure (that) no one finds out about this.‎ 绝对不要让任何人发觉这件事。‎ 归纳拓展 make sure of sth./thatclause确保；设法保证……‎ be sure to do sth.一定要/务必去做……‎ for sure无疑，肯定 be sure of/about sth./thatclause确信……；肯定……‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)他们又进了一个球，这就赢定了。‎ They scored another goal and made_sure_of victory.‎ ‎(2)她往四下里看看，弄清楚是不是只有她一个人。‎ She looked around to make_sure that she was alone.‎ ‎1 You can have HIV in your blood for a long time,but eventually HTV will damage your immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease.你可以在血液里携带艾滋病毒很长时间，但最终它会破坏你的人体免疫系统，致使你的身体不再有抗病能力。‎ 用法点拨 He spoke so loudly that everyone in the room heard him.‎ 他说话如此大声以至于房间的每个人都能听到。‎ Those streams are so small that they can’t be shown in your maps.‎ 这些溪流这么小，以至于在你的地图上找不到。‎ 归纳拓展 这是so... that...引导的结果状语从句，意为“这么/那么……以至于……”，常用句型为：so＋adj./adv.＋that；so＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数形式＋that从句；so＋many/much/few/little＋名词＋that从句；‎ such...that...也可引导结果状语从句，句型为：such＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数形式＋that从句；such＋adj.＋复数名词/不可数名词＋that从句；such＋a lot of/lots of＋名词＋that从句；‎ 当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装结构。‎ 翻译句子 ‎(1)他跑得这么快，以至于我跟不上他。‎ He_ran_so_fast_that_I_couldn’t_catch_up_with_him.‎ ‎(2)这本书这么贵，以至于我买不起。‎ The_book_is_so_expensive_that_I_can’t_afford_it.‎ ‎2 It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.只有当这种疾病发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。‎ 用法点拨 It was because her mother was ill that she didn’t go to work.是因为妈妈有病她才没去工作。‎ It is not I who/that am angry.生气的不是我。‎ 归纳拓展 It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子的其他部分，为强调句型结构，强调人时可用who作连词，强调其他任何部分用that作连词。判断是否为强调句型结构可用恢复原句来判断，即把It is/was...that...去掉，如果剩下的成分依然组成一个完整的句子且意思通顺，则是强调句型，否则就不是。‎ 句型转换 I met an old friend in the park yesterday.‎ ‎(1)强调主语：It_was_I_who/that_met_an_old_friend_in_the_park_yesterday.‎ ‎(2)强调宾语：It_was_an_old_friend_who/that_I_met_in_the_park_yesterday.‎ ‎(3)强调地点状语：It_was_in_the_park_that_I_met_an_old_friend_yesterday.‎ ‎(4)强调时间状语：It_was_yesterday_that_I_met_an_old_friend_in_the_park.‎ 你怎样才能戒烟呢？‎ 戒烟不容易，但许许多多的人都成功地戒掉了烟，所以你也能。这儿有几点建议：‎ ‎·作好准备。确定一个开始戒烟的日子。不要选择你明知有压力的日子，例如要考试的那一天。把戒烟的好处开列一个清单。在你计划戒烟的的前一天，把你最后一包香烟扔掉。‎ ‎·下定决心。每当你想要吸烟的时候，你就提醒你自己，你(已经)是不吸烟的人了。把你早先写的那个戒烟的好处的清单反复地看一看。‎ ‎·破除旧习。不要抽烟，而去干点别的事情，去散散步、刷刷牙、喝点水、打扫房间。其实，只要是能使你的脑，特别是手不得闲的事情。你都可以去做。‎ ‎·放松休息。如果你开始感到紧张有压力了，这时你也不要伸手去拿香烟。试着做做深呼吸。每当你感到紧张了，就去做做放松运动。‎ ‎·必要时找人帮忙。同朋友一起来安排戒烟，这样你们可以谈谈你的问题，你也可以参加一个戒烟小组。如果你的确感到没办法，你还可以找一个医生或药剂师来谈谈，帮你想点办法，如含尼古丁的口香糖等。‎ ‎·继续努力。即使非得经过多次戒烟才能最后把它戒掉，你也不要失去希望。如果你因意志衰弱而又抽烟了，也不要觉得难为情。那样再努力戒就是了。最终你是会成功的。‎ HIV病毒/艾滋病：你是否面临危险？‎ HIV是一种病毒(人体免疫缺损病毒)。病毒是引发疾病的微生物。它有许多种类，如流感病毒和SARS病毒。HIV病毒破坏人体的免疫系统，也就是说使人体抗衡疾病的免疫功能减弱。在你的血液中，HIV病毒可以长期存在，但是它最终会使你的免疫系统严重受损，以致使你的身体不再能抗衡疾病。这种疾病到了这个阶段就叫艾滋病。如果你得上了艾滋病，生存的机率很小。‎ HIV是通过血液或性交时产生的体液而传播的。携带病毒的血液或体液必须通过皮肤上的创口或通过注射才能进入人体，使人受感染。将来总有一天，科学家会找到医治HIV病毒和艾滋病的疗法的。在找到之前，你必须保护你自己。你可以按这里列举的一些注意事项去做，以确保自己的安全：‎ 假如你要注射药物：‎ ‎·不要同别人共用注射针，别人的血液可能会留在针头内外。如果某人有HIV病毒，而你又用了同一个注射针，你就有可能把别人的病毒注入到你的血液中来。‎ ‎·在注射药物时，不得共用患者所用的其他东西，因为血液可能会溅到这些物品上来。‎ 假如你同(男或女)人性交：‎ ‎·要使用避孕套。它可以防止性交时产生的体液的传入。‎ 下列这些说法都是错误的：‎ ‎·初次性交的人不可能染上HIV病毒。错了。如果性交的某一方有了HIV病毒，另一方就有可能传染上。‎ ‎·通过观察你可以看出某人是否带有HIV病毒。错了。许多HIV病毒携带者看上去十分健康。只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。‎ ‎·只有同性恋者才得艾滋病。错了。任何人如果同感染了HIV病毒的人性交，他们就有染上这种病毒的危险。女性感染病毒的可能性比男性稍微大一些。‎ ‎·如果你同艾滋病患者拥抱、接触或亲吻，或者去他们家作客，你就会从他们那里感染上HIV病毒或得艾滋病。错了。你只可能通过血液或性交时的体液传染上这种病。不幸的是，由于偏见，HIV病毒携带者有时会失去他们的朋友。许多人担心他们会从病毒携带者那儿染上HIV病毒，感染上艾滋病。由于相同的理由，有些艾滋病患者在生病时找不到任何人来照顾他们。‎ ‎·蚊子可以传染HIV病毒和艾滋病。错了。目前还没有证据说明这一点。‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．In my judgement，the plan is unlikely to succeed.‎ ‎2．The weather during our holiday was perfect.‎ ‎3．The police have issued a statement(声明)urging the public to cooperate in this inquiry.‎ ‎4．If one of your friends or families has SARS，you could become infected.‎ ‎5．It is illegal(违法的) to read others’ letters without permission.‎ ‎6．He saved the boy at the risk of his life.‎ ‎7．We’ve been working hard to overcome prejudice(偏见)against people with HIV.‎ ‎8．He forced an embarrassed(尴尬的)smile.‎ Ⅱ.短语填空 in spite of;take risks;out of breath;a cure for;safe and sound;get into;ahead of;come across ‎1．Running a marathon will leave you out_of_breath.‎ ‎2．I believe one day scientists will find a_cure_for AIDS.‎ ‎3．They turned up safe_and_sound.‎ ‎4．He got himself into the habit of smoking.‎ ‎5．In_spite_of her wounded leg，she managed to get up the stairs.‎ ‎6．I came_across a word I’d never seen before.‎ ‎7．We have a busy day ahead_of us.‎ ‎8．A good pilot never takes_risks.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1.That is easy to become addicted to drugs. That→It ‎2.You are not allowed smoking in public. smoking→to smoke ‎3.He thinks smoking is looked cool. is looked→looks ‎4. I don’t think possible for a student to master a language without much memory work. think后加it ‎5. The speaker raised his voice so that he could make himself hear. hear→heard ‎6.There is an exciting expression on his face. exciting→excited Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1．He stole some bread under_the_stress (为……所迫)of hunger.‎ ‎2．I think the door is locked，but you’d better go and make_sure(确保)．‎ ‎3．He reached_out(伸出手)for a piece of cake.‎ ‎4．People with fair skins are more at_risk_of (有……危险)skin cancer.‎ ‎5．She laughed at me and said that I was not grownup_enough(长大)．‎ ‎6．I’ve never felt_so_embarrassed(感到如此尴尬)in my entire life.‎ Ⅴ.单项填空 ‎1．It is very ________ that you will die if you become infected with HIV.‎ A．like B．likely C．alike D．liking 答案　B 解析　It is likely that...是固定句式，意为“可能……”。‎ ‎2．It’s not a good idea ________ other’s cigarettes in a club.‎ A．to accept B．to receive C．receiving D．being accepting 答案　A 解析　accept强调主观愿望上的“接受”，receive强调客观上“收到”，C、D两项形式不对。根据句意“在俱乐部里接受别人的香烟不是个好主意”可知，此处强调的是主观上的“接受”。故选A项。‎ ‎3．He always did well at school ________ having to do parttime jobs every now and then.‎ A．in spite of B．regardless of C．on account of D．in case of 答案　A 解析　句意为：尽管他不时地干些业余工作，但他在学校里一直做得很好。regardless of不管，不顾；on account of因为，由于。‎ ‎4．Few people have ever ________ deep into the forest，for it is extremely dangerous.‎ A．risked to go B．risked of going C．tried to go D．risked going 答案　D 解析　risk doing sth.冒险做……。‎ ‎5．He felt ________ staying with you in the warm room.‎ A．relax B．relaxation C．being relaxed D．relaxed 答案　D 解析　relaxed adj.放松的，松驰的。feel relaxed感觉放松，A、B、C三项形式不对。‎ ‎6．________ downloading and filesharing are doing harm to the entire music industry.‎ A．Endless B．Likely C．Official D．Illegal 答案　D 解析　形容词词义辨析。endless无穷的，无尽的；likely可能的；official官方的，正式的；illegal非法的。句意为：非法下载和文件共享正对整个音乐产业造成危害。‎ ‎7．This one isn’t mine.It may be ________.‎ A．someone else B．someone else’s C．else D．else someone’s 答案　B 解析　else用于anything，something，nothing，anyone，someone，everyone等代词之后，故排除C、D两项。由句意“它可能是别人的”可知应用所有格形式，排除A项。‎ ‎8．— Do you think the MP3 player puts its listener ________？‎ ‎— Yes，too much use of it could lead to hearing loss，experts say.‎ A．at risk B．under control C．in use D．on top 答案　A 解析　put sb./sth. at risk使……受到威胁；使……处境危险；使……冒风险，固定搭配。under control处于控制之中；in use经常用的。根据上下文，只有A项符合题意。‎ ‎9．— Do you like ________ here?‎ ‎— Oh，yes.The air，the weather，the way of life，everything is so nice.‎ A．this B．these C．that D．it 答案　D 解析　it指代下句中的the air，the weather，the way of life。其他代词不合适。‎ ‎10．You can keep your mind ________ by losing yourself in a hobby，working very hard，or spending your time absorbed in crossword.‎ A．busy B．busily C．busying D．from being busy 答案　A 解析　keep＋宾语＋adj.作宾语补足语，故A项正确。‎ Ⅵ.阅读填空 In spring，many flowers begin blooming，on the ground and even high in the trees.Have the trees in your neighborhood burst into bloom yet?‎ Most trees bloom in the spring.However，some trees bloom in the late winter.Others bloom during the fall and the summer.‎ ‎__1__For example，Hurricane Katrina stripped (除去) the leaves off many trees.Afterwards，some of these trees started to flower，even though they would not normally flower in the fall.‎ Sometimes，during mild winters，trees flower early.__2__‎ When it warms up again，the trees may start growing leaves，but they may not be able to produce fruit.‎ Pollen is a fine golden dust from flowers.__3__This is called pollination (授粉)．‎ After the female part receives the pollen，it can make seeds.‎ ‎__4__Other types have trees with only female flowers and trees with only male flowers.‎ When we think of flowering trees，we usually think of the bright，colorful trees that make spring scenes so special.‎ ‎__5__The trees need insects，birds or bats to carry the tree’s flower pollen to other flowers.‎ Other trees have such tiny blossoms that we rarely see them.These trees do not need to be noticed by animals，because the wind carries their pollen from tree to tree.‎ All trees have flowers.It is the flowers that make the seeds.‎ A．In order for a flower to make seeds，pollen from the male part must reach the female part.‎ B．Some tree types have male and female flowers on the same tree.‎ C．Trees might also bloom when something goes wrong with their environment.‎ D．Trees need a way to spread their seeds.‎ E．But if snow and ice come after the flowers，these flowers will die.‎ F．People have come up with may ways to stop trees from bearing fruit.‎ G．These trees have big，showy flowers that attract animals.‎ 答案　1－5　CEABG Ⅶ.书面表达 假设你是李华，正在家乡的一所普通高中就读。最近你的叔叔给你来信，建议你到他所在城市的一所重点中学读书，并列举了那儿的优势：环境优美，名师众多，教学设施先进，升学率高。请你写一封回信表示感谢并说明拒绝去那儿读书的理由。‎ 注意：1.词数：120～150；‎ ‎　　 2.可适当增加细节以使行文连贯；‎ ‎　　 3.文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数。‎ 参考词汇：facilities设施；设备 Dear Uncle，‎ I’m very glad to receive your letter and thank you very much for your loving care.________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Dear Uncle，‎ I’m very glad to receive your letter and thank you very much for your loving care. Maybe it would be beneficial to me if I studied at a key school in your city.But considering my personal things，I prefer to study at my present school.Although our school is located in the countryside，its environment is very beautiful.Now，I’m getting on well with all my teachers，who teach well and are very responsible.I think whether a student studies well depends on the student himself or herself，not on the teachers.What’s more，in recent years our school has also been equipped with some modern teaching facilities，which make our classes more interesting and lively.Of course，if I went to your city to study，I might have more chances to go to university.However，I might also experience more stress，which would be harmful to my study.‎ Best wishes!‎ Yours sincerely，‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Li Hua ‎　　　　　　　　　　‎ We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday________it rains or it’s very cold. (天津高考) ‎ A．since B．if C．unless ‎ D．until 答案　C 解析　句意为：我们这个星期天要去公园野餐，除非下雨或天气非常冷。unless除非。‎ ‎　　　　　She told me that she wouldn’t go out with me again unless I stopped！(P18)‎ ‎________their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.(天津高考)‎ A．To throw B．Thrown ‎ C．Throwing D．Being thrown 答案　C 解析　throw与句子主语the ‎ fans之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。A项表示动作还未发生；B、D两项表示被动，均不符合句意。‎ ‎　　　　　Then throw away your last packet of cigarettes.(P19)‎ The weather was________cold that I didn’t like to leave my room.(全国Ⅰ高考)‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ A．really B．such C．too D．so 答案　D 解析　考查so...that这一结构。‎ ‎...，but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease.(P22)‎ ‎—Could we see each other at 3 o’clock this afternoon?‎ ‎—Sorry，let’s make it ________ time.(重庆高考)‎ A．other’s B．the other C．another D．other 答案　C 解析　another day 改天；another time 改个时间。‎ This will prevent sexual fluid passing from one person to another.(P22)‎ It was in New Zealand ________ Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith.(全国Ⅱ高考)‎ A．that B．how C．which D．when 答案　A 解析　句意为：正是在新西兰伊丽莎白第一次见到史密斯先生。It＋be＋被强调成分＋that为强调句型。‎ It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.(P22) ‎