2018年中考英语知识归纳复习专题被动语态外研版

2018年中考英语知识归纳复习专题被动语态外研版

被动语态 ‎【被动语态】‎ 在英语中，动词主要有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。当主语为动作的执行者时，谓语动词用主动语态；当主语为动作的承受者时，谓语动词用被动语态。‎ 当我们不知道或者没有必要说出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需要强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。如：Smoking isn’t allowed in the gas station.汽车加油站里面不允许吸烟。‎ Your work must be finished today.你们的工作必须今天完成。‎ 常见时态（含情态动词）的被动语态 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化。常见时态（含情态动词）的被动语态的构成如下：‎ 时态 被动结构 例句 一般 am/is/are+过去分词 The classroom is cleaned every day.这间教室每天都打扫。‎ 6‎ 现在时 一般 过去时 was/were+过去分词 Our school was built in 1998.我们的学校是1998年建造的。‎ 一般 将来时 will be+过去分词 The sports meeting will be held tomorrow.运动会将于明天举行。‎ 现在 完成时 have/has been+过去分词 The bank has been built.银行已经建成了。‎ 含情态 动词情态动词 ‎+be+过去分词 The bike can’t be put here.这辆自行车不能被放在这里。‎ ‎【考点训练1】‎ ‎1.Today Chinese ____________ (teach) in many schools around the world.‎ ‎2.Some famous paintings ______________ (show) in the hall next week.‎ ‎3.A new school ____________ (set up) in my hometown last year.‎ 6‎ ‎4.—How often do I need to feed the dog?‎ ‎—It ___ food every day,or it will be hungry. （ ）‎ A.may give B.may be given C.must give D.must be given 答案：is taught will be shown was set up D ‎【被动语态的特殊结构】‎ 种类 构成 例句 感官动词 和使役动词 的被动语态 感官动词see/hear/watch/feel等和使役动词make/let/have等后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾补，变为被动语态时，省略的to要加上。‎ We heard her sing in the room.→She was heard to sing in the room.我们听见她在房间里唱歌。‎ 动词短语的 被动语态 短语是“动词+介词/副词”时，变被动语态时介词、副词不能丢。‎ We should speak to the old politely.→The old should be spoken to politely by us.我们应该有礼貌地和老人说话。‎ 主动 feel,look,sound,smell,taste等系动词。‎ The dishes taste so delicious.这些菜尝起来很美味。‎ 6‎ 表被动 open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,drive等词作不及物动词时。‎ This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。‎ 表示“发生、进行”等的不及物动词及短语(happen,take place,come out,run out,spread...)。‎ The water has run out.水已经用完了。‎ When did the book come out?这本书什么时候出版的？作“需要”讲的need,want,require后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。‎ The problem requires studying with great care.这个问题需要仔细研究。‎ ‎【考点训练2】‎ ‎1.Tea plants are ______ (grow) and ______ (use) to make tea.‎ ‎2.Kang Jian found it interesting that so many products in the local shops ___________ (make) in China.‎ ‎3.The music ___ the Moonlight Sonata. （ ）‎ ‎ A.sounds like B.is heard C.is sounded like D.is listening ‎4.An accident ___ on the road last night. （ ）‎ A.has happened B.was happened C.Happened D.was happening 答案：grown used were made A C ‎ 【被动语态的固定搭配、句型】‎ 1. be made of,be made from,be made in与be made by ‎2.be used for,be used as与be used to do 6‎ ‎3.It is said/believed/reported/known that...‎ ‎【中考示例】‎ ‎(2017·广西)I think all the heavy and difficult jobs _____ by machines and robots in the future. ‎ ‎( )‎ A.Do B.will do C.are done D.will be done ‎【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：我认为未来所有的重活、难度大的工作都将由机器和机器人来完成。根据时间状语in the future可知，此处应用一般将来时；主语jobs和谓语动词do之间是被动关系，结合介词by可知此处应用一般将来时的被动语态。‎ ‎【考题热身】‎ ‎1.(2017·甘肃)English ____________（speak) all over the world.‎ ‎2.(2017·宿迁)The old car _____________（produce) in Germany in the 1960s.‎ ‎3.(2017·鄂州)Teenagers should _________________（encourage) to solve their problems by themselves.‎ ‎4.(2017·襄阳)The 24th Winter Olympic Games ____ in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in 2022,from February 4th to 20th. （ ）‎ A.is going to hold B.hold C.will be held D.was held ‎5.(2017·重庆A卷)This picture _____ by my cousin last year. （ ）‎ A.draws B.drew C.is drawn D.was drawn ‎6.(2017·盐城)It is reported that about 120 foreign soccer experts ____ to teach soccer school students. （ ）‎ A.invite B.invited C.to be invited D.will be invited 6‎ ‎7.(2017·随州)—Your bedroom is so clean.‎ ‎—Of course.It every day. （ ）‎ A.cleans B.cleaned C.is cleaned D.was cleaned ‎8.(2017·苏州)—Why hasn’t Tony come?‎ ‎—The invitation letter ____ to Toby by accident. ‎ ‎（ ）‎ A.was emailed B.has emailed C.is emailed D.emailed ‎9.(2017·上海)The museum ___ next month to celebrate the Science & Technology Festival. （ ）‎ A.is decorated B.will decorate C.is decorating D.will be decorated ‎10.(2017·河北)Hangzhou ____ as the City of Silk.Tourists like shopping for silk there. （ ）‎ A.Knows B.is known C.was known D.will be known 答案：is spoken was produced be encouraged C D D C A D B 6‎