2019届二轮复习to为介词的动词短语课件（27张）

2019届二轮复习to为介词的动词短语课件（27张）

2019 届二轮复习 to 为介词的动词短语 请看 2006 年天津高考英语试题中的第 8 小题和重庆第 26 小题： Most of us know we should cut down on fat, but knowing such things isn ’ t of much help when it ____shopping and eating. A. refers to B. speaks of C. focuses on D. comes to 本题主要考查 when it comes to (doing) sth. 其短语表示 “ 当涉及（做）某事的情况、事情或问题时 ” ； refer to “ 参考，提及 ” ； speak of “ 说起 ” ； focus on “ 注意，聚焦于，集中于 ” 。因此本题应该选 D 。本题主要考查考生的动词短语意义的区别，另外 refer to 和 come to 中的 to 是介词。　 1.get down to Isn ’ t it time you got down to _____the papers? A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking 本题主要考查动词短语及非谓语动词的用法， get down to “ 着手干某事 ” 。 to 是介词，因此后应该接名词或动名词。 在英语中有许多常用带 to 的短语，是高中教学的难点，尤其是高三复习中的难点。这种短语的特点是在介词 to 后只能跟名词、代词或动名词。本文就高中阶段带有 to 的动词短语归纳并讲解如下。 get down to 着手做（认真考虑）例如： Let ’ s get down to work.. 让我们静下心来工作吧。 While the weather is fine, I must get down to painting the house. 当天晴时，我一定要油漆房子。 解释：其后宾语一般用 “ business, work 等 ” 。 down 是副词。 2 ． keep to 遵守（坚持，坚持 …… 方向）例如： 　 I ’ d rather keep to the original arrangement. 我宁愿坚持原先的安排。 　 Ill as he was, he kept to studying far into the night. 他虽然有病，但仍然学习到深夜。 解释：同义词组是 “ stick to ” 。当表示 “ 不偏主题，不跑题 ” 时，其宾语经常用 subject, point 等。 3 ． contribute to 有助于，为 …… 做贡献，投稿，捐款　例如： 　 This can contribute to the solution of the problem. 这有助于问题的解决。 　 He offered to contribute to the Red Cross. 他主动提出向红十字会捐款。 　 He contributed an article to China Daily. 他向 《 中国日报 》 投了一篇稿件。 4. admit to 承认 例如： 　　 The young man admitted to stealing the jewels. 　　那个年轻人承认了偷了珠宝。 He admitted to the murder. 他承认犯了谋杀罪。 　　解释：例句中的 to 可省略。 5 ． take to 喜欢上，从事，沉湎于，走向等　例如： 　　 The robbers have taken to the hills, where it will be difficult to catch them. 盗贼们上山了，那里很难抓到他们。 For some reason he took to walking in the New York streets at night. 不知为什么，他养成夜间在纽约街道上溜达的习惯。 解释：请注意 take sth to sth. 的用法，意思是： to use a tool or piece of equipment in order to do sth , especially sth violent 用（工具或设备）做某事（尤指）用 …… 打击。例如： He took a hammer to the radio. 他用锤子把收音机砸了。 6 ． turn to 求助于（依靠，转而从事于）例如： 　　 No matter when he is in trouble, he always turns to me for help. 他每当陷入困境时，他总是求助于我。 Refused permission to work in the country, he was able to turn to writing to earn a living. 他在这个国家找不到工作，以写作谋生。 7 ． look up to 尊敬（敬仰）例如： He always looks up to his younger sister. 他一向尊敬他的姐姐。 解释： look up to 可用于被动语态。例如： She was looked up to by the rest of her family. 她受到家人的尊敬。 8 ． lead to 导致（引起，通向）例如： 　 Living in damp conditions can lead to serious health problems. 生活在潮湿环境中会引发严重的健康问题。 The increase in the number of motor vehicles has led to an increase in autocrimes. 机动车辆数目增加，结果导致汽车相关罪的增长。 解释：注意 lead sb. to do 短语的用法。同义词： result in, cause 9 ． look forward to 期望（盼望）例如： 　　 Are you looking forward to your trip? 你期待着这次旅行吗？ We are all looking forward to hearing from you . 我们都盼望收到你的信。 10 ． run to 达到（发展到等）；向某人求助帮助 例如： His latest book runs to 300 pages. 他最近写的书已经达到 300 页。 If you get hurt, don ’ t come running to me. 你要是受伤害了，可别来找我。 11 ． point to 指向（面向，表明等）例如： 　　 The children were pointing to the animals, shouting with excitement. 孩子们指着动物，兴奋地喊着。 The presendent ’ s remarks seemed to be pointing to an early election. 总统的讲话好象指的是以前的竞选。 12. stick to 坚持（忠于等）例如： 　　 When writing an article, stick to one style throughout. 写文章时，要坚持一种风格。 If you stick to practising the piano every day, you could become quite a good musician. 如果你每天坚持练习弹钢琴，就能成为一个优秀的音乐家。 13. object to 反对　例如： 　　 Many local people object to the building of the new airport. 许多当地的居民反对修建新机场。 I really object to being charged for parking at the hospital. 我坚决反对医院收取停车费。 14. hold to 抓住，坚持 例如： 　　 She always holds to her principles. 她始终坚持自己的原则。 解释：同义词组： stick to , keep to 等。 15. be equal to 等于，胜任，经得起　例如： 　　 He is equal to this task. 他胜任这件工作。 He is equal to doing this task. 他胜任做这件工作。 16 ． see to 注意（处理，照料等）例如： 　　 I really will see to painting the living room next week. 我真的在下周油漆起居室。 Excuse me, I must go and see to the dinner. 真对不起，我必须去做饭了。 解释： see to it that = make sure that 务必要，注意　例如： See to it that your are back before 4 o ’ clock. 务必四点钟之前回来。 17 ． pay attention to 注意，认真听讲 Pay attention to me, children. 孩子们，请认真听讲。 You must pay attention to the teacher. Don ’ t let your attention wander. 你必须专心听教师讲课，注意力不要分散。 18 ． come to 合计；共计；突然出现在脑海中；谈到；苏醒　例如 The idea came to me in the middle of the night. 我在午夜时突然想到了这个主意。 　 　 When it comes to maths, I know nothing. 当谈到数学时，我一无所知。 解释： come to oneself 表示 “ 恢复常态 ” 。同义词组有： amount to, add up to 。 19 ． agree to 同意 ( 计划、建议和安排 ) Do you agree to my plan? 你同意我的建议吗？ 20. add to 使（数量等）增加，使（规模）扩大 例如： 　　 Taking the children with us would only add to our problems. 带着孩子只能给我们添乱。 Music playing in the background added to the atmosphere. 背景音乐渲染气氛。 21. appeal to 使感兴趣，对 …… 有吸引力，打动人心　例如： 　　 The ‘ Harry Potter ’ books appeal to readers of all ages. 《 哈里 · 波特 》 系列的书吸引着不同年龄的读者。 Maybe if you appeal to her better nature, you can get her to help. 也许你动之以情，就能得到她的帮助。 解释：其后只跟 sb. 或 sth. 22. attend to 处理，对付，照料，关怀 例如： 　　 I have some urgent business to attend to . 我有一些急事要处理。 Are you being attended to ? 有人接待你吗？ 解释：其后只跟 sb. 或 sth. ，很少接 doing 。 23. belong to 属于，是 …… 成员 The blue coat belongs to Mary. 这件蓝色上衣是玛丽的。 I don ’ t belong to any political party. 我没有加入任何政党。 24. bow to 屈从于 , 鞠躬 I bow to your opinion. 我接受你的意见。 The government eventually bowed to public pressure. 政府终于在公众的压力下让步了。 25. date back to Her problems date back to her childhood. 她的这些问题小时候就有了。 The building dates back to 1902. 这个建筑是 1902 年建造的。 解释：同近义词组是： date from 。注意：不用被动，只用于一般现在时态。 26. devote oneself to 把 …… 专用于，专心致力于，把 …… 奉献给　例如： 　　 He has devoted his life to the struggle for justice. 他毕生为正义而斗争。 Several courses are devoted to improving customer care. 有几个关于提高客户服务水平的课程。 27. drink to 为 …… 干杯，举杯祝贺 …… 　例如： 　　 They all drank to my father ’ s health. 他们都举杯祝我父亲健康。 “ Things can only get better. ” “ I will drink to that. ” “ 情况只会更好。 ”“ 我举杯赞成。 ” 28. fall to ( 责任，职责 ) 落在 …… 身上，应由 …… 做；开始做 例如： 　　 The task of telling them the news fell to me. 把这件事通知他们的差事落在我的头上了。 Little Red Riding Hood and the wolf fell to talking. 小红帽和大灰狼交谈起来。 29. get to 做起（某事）来，开始做，令某人忍无可忍　例如： 　　 Seeing him so sad really got to me. 看见他如此伤心，我实在于心不忍。 He got to thinking that perhaps she wouldn ’ t come after all. 他开始琢磨着也许她根本不会来了。 30. give oneself up to 献身于，致力于 　例如： 　　 After his wife ’ s death, he seemed to give himself up to despair. 妻子死后，他似乎万念俱灰。 I want to give myself up to writing fulltime. 我希望全时间投入写作。 31. go to 开始做，进入，给予　例如： 　　 The two countries are set to go to war over the dispute. 因这一争端两个国家准备诉诸武力。 The property went to his eldest daughter when he died. 他死后财产遗留给长女。 32. prefer...to … （两者中）宁愿选择其中之一，更喜欢　例如： 　　 I prefer dogs to cats. 猫和狗之中我更喜欢狗。 　　 I prefer singing to acting. 我愿意唱歌而不愿演戏。 33. key … to … 使某事物适合 …… ，使某事物与 …… 一致　例如： 　 The farm was keyed to the needs of the local people. 农场是根据当地人的需要而经营的。 　 The timing of the concerts was keyed to the World Cup soccer games. 这些音乐会是配合世界杯足球赛来安排时间的。 解释： to 之后只跟 sth. 或 sb. 34. leave sb.to sth . （固定句式）离开某人让其继续（或独自） ……… 　例如： 　 If you don ’ t need me any more, I ’ ll leave you to it. 你要是不再需要我，我就走了。 　 I ’ ll leave you to your lunch. 我走了，你用午饭吧。 35. lend itself (themselves) to sth. 适合于　例如： 　 Science in elementary schools lends itself well to learning through play. 小学科学课很适合在游戏中学习。 Not all materials lend themselves to scientific dating. 并非所有材料都能用科学方法鉴定年代。 36. limit sth. to sb.(sth.) 使限于 …… 内　例如： 　 The teaching of history should not be limited to dates and figures. 　　教授历史不应该局限于讲年代和人物。 　 Violent crime is not limited to big cities. 暴力犯罪并不局限于大城市。 37. live up to 达到，符合，（他人的期望）例如： 　 The hotel failed to live up to expectation. 这个旅馆没有期望的好。 　　 Mr Wang lived up to his name and died a millionaire. 王先生果真名副其实，去世时还是个百万富翁。 38. be used to 习惯于　例如： 　　 I have been used to getting up early. 我已经习惯了早起。 　　 I ’ m not used to spicy food. 我不习惯吃加有香料的食品。 解释：要注意和 used to 的区别。 40. help oneself to 自用，擅自取用　例如： 　 Help yourself to some fruit. 　　吃点水果吧。 　　 “ My I use your bike? ”“ Of course. Help yourself . ” 　　 “ 我用一下你自行车好吗？ ”“ 当然可以。自己推吧。 ” 41. make up to 奉承，讨好　例如： 　　 He ’ s always making up to the boss. 他总是拍老板的马屁。 　　解释：同义词组 kiss up to sb . 或 suck up to sb. 41. pretend to 声称，自称，自诩　例如： 　　 I don ’ t pretend to any great knowledge of the situation. 我不敢说自己对局势了解得很多。 　　解释：通常用在否定句和疑问句中。 42. put sb. up to 怂恿，撺掇，唆使 例如： 　　 Some of the older boys must have put him up to it. 那件事准是一些大孩子怂恿他干的。 　　 Her sister put her up to climbing into the house through an open window. 她姐姐让她从开着的窗子爬进屋里。 　　解释： to 后可接名词也可接 doing 。 43. be reduced to 被迫做 …… ，　陷入境地，陷入窘境　例如： I was reduced to borrowing money from friends. 　　我被迫沦落到了向朋友借钱的地步。 The building was reduced to a heap of rubble. 这座建筑物化成了残垣断壁。 　　解释：原短语是： reduce sb./ sth. to sth. reduce sb. to doing sth . 后者几乎总是用于被动语态中。 44. refer to 提到，谈及，说起，涉及，指的是　例如： 　 Passengers are now referred to as ‘ customers ’ . 乘客现在都称为 “ 顾客 ” 。 　 This paragraph refers to the events of last year. 这一段说的是去年发生的事。 　解释： refer to 可用于被动语态中。 45. rise to 成功处理，上当，进圈套　例如： 　 I decided to flatter him and he rose to the bait. 我决定奉承他，结果他上钩了。 　 The play was a challenge for the actors but they rose to the occasion. 戏剧对于演员们是个挑战，但他们应付自如。 　解释：成功处理表示的是 “ 突发情况，问题等 ” 。 46. settle down to =settle to 开始认真对待，定下心来做　例如： 　 They had just settled down to dinner when the phone rang. 他们刚刚开始吃饭，电话铃就响了。 　 I am so worried that I can ’ t settle down to doing anything. 我忧心忡忡，做什么事都静不下心来。 　解释：短语中的 down 是副词，并且，同义词是 settle to 。 47. tend to 照看，照料　例如： 　 I ’ ll look after the child. － you tend to the mother. 我来看孩子，你照顾这位母亲。 　 The injured were already being tended to . 已经有人在看护伤员了。 　解释：同义词组有： attend to , care for, look after, take care of 等。但是， tend to 表示 “ 尤指有问题时。