【英语】山东省东营市第一中学2020届高三下学期第三次质量检测试题（解析版）

【英语】山东省东营市第一中学2020届高三下学期第三次质量检测试题（解析版）

山东省东营市第一中学2020届高三下学期第三次质量检测英语试题 第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，每小题 2.5 分, 满分50分)‎ 第一节 ‎(共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满 分 37.5 分)‎ ‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A The local dog park might be getting busier and cat cafés might be opening in every neighborhood, but do you know which traditional pet is the most popular around the world?‎ United States The United States is home to the highest number of domestic (驯养的) dogs, cats, and fish, and Americans are more likely to treat their friends like humans. U.S. pet owners spend $50 billion a year on their animal companions, and 36% of dog owners have used some of that money to buy their pet a birthday present.‎ Russia According to Russian tradition, keeping a cat as a pet is good fortunate, so it’s no surprise the cat is Russia’s most popular pet. In 2016, 57% of Russian households contained a cat, compared to the 29% that had dogs. On March 1, Russia celebrates National Cat Day as part of celebrations for World Cat Day.‎ Brazil Brazils domestic bird population was about 19 million in 2013, while dogs held top rank at just over 37 million. Brazil has the highest number of small dogs per capital city in the world. The nearly 20 million small dogs are attributed to (归因于) a rapidly-growing middle class living in small urban apartments.‎ United Kingdom Dogs and cats rank second and third in Britain, while fishes hold the top spot. It has been linked not only to the low maintenance (维护), but also to the fact that many other pets like dogs or cats are not allowed in some places.‎ ‎1. Why are the figures mentioned in Paragraph 2?‎ A. To explain the importance of pets.‎ B. To show Americans growing wealth.‎ C. To explain why Americans have pets.‎ D. To show how Americans love their animal friends.‎ ‎2. Where are cats regarded as the symbol of good luck?‎ A. In Brazil. B. In Russia.‎ C. In the United States. D. In the United Kingdom.‎ ‎3. What are the most popular pets in the United Kingdom?‎ A. Dogs. B. Cats.‎ C. Birds. D. Fishes.‎ B I always wanted to be extraordinary at something. Not just as in,” Great job, Jimbo!” No, I wanted to be best-in-class, awe-inspiring, tiptop; a world-famous genius, like Michael Phelps or Mark Zuckerberg.‎ Unfortunately, my version of reality did not quite line up with this delusional vision. I was a good swimmer, but I peaked at the collegiate State Championships level. My academic record was pretty solid, but I never would have made it into one of those ivy-league schools.‎ Though I rose to above-average status in a couple of areas, the disappointing truth was that I would never amount to anything more than a mid-sized fish in a small pond. God apparently had other plans.‎ What drove me crazy, though, was the superstar talent thrown in my face at every turn. Some folks just seemed to get an unfair intensive dose(剂量) of it. Why couldn’t I be like Bernie William, the famed New Yorkees player who also happens to be a world-class jazz guitar virtuoso(艺术大师)?‎ Some say greatness is simply a function of putting in the practice time. Around ten thousand hours, to be precise, according to author Malcolm Gladwell. I don’t question the theory of devoting extraordinary efforts to developing one’s expertise, but it seems that raw talent is equally important. You either have it or you don’t.‎ I’ve heard that as people approach middle age, their life satisfaction increases because they begin to accept the gap between the expectations for themselves and the reality. After a few decades of frustration without the desired results, we eventually come to terms with how our lives ‎ turned out, even if it falls far short of our idealized youthful expectation.‎ Hope bends, it seems.‎ ‎4. What does the word “delusional” in Para2 most probably mean?‎ A. Imaginary B. Realistic C. Abstract D. Practical ‎5. In the passage, the writer thinks of himself as ____.‎ A. a world-famous genius B. a mid-sized fish in a small pond C. a world-class virtuoso D. a student in an ivy-league school ‎6. According to the writer, what makes “greatness”?‎ A. Extraordinary efforts B. Ten thousand hours of practice ‎ C. Raw talent D. Talent and time ‎7. Which of the following might be the best title?‎ A. Hope Bends B. Frustrating Decades C. Practice Works D. Youthful Expectation C Artemis is NASA’s new lunar exploration program. Through the Artemis program, NASA will use new technology to study the Moon in new and better ways, and prepare for human missions to Mars.‎ NASA’s new rocket will carry the Orion spacecraft to lunar orbit. Then, astronauts will dock (对接) Orion at a small spaceship called the Gateway, from which the crew will take trips to the lunar surface in a new human landing system, and then return to the Gateway. The crew will return to the Earth aboard Orion.‎ NASA will test the rocket and spacecraft in flight, then send a crew for a test flight:‎ Artemis 1 will be a test flight of the SLS rocket with the Orion spacecraft with no crew.‎ Artemis 2 will fly SLS and Orion with a crew past the Moon, then circle it and return to the Earth. This trip will be the farthest any human has gone into space.‎ Artemis 3 will send a crew with the first woman and the next man to land on the Moon by 2024. The Artemis 3 crew will visit the Moon’s South Pole. No one has ever been there.‎ At the Moon, astronauts will:‎ Search for the Moon’s water and use it.‎ Learn how to live and work on the surface of another celestial body (天体) where astronauts ‎ are just three days from home.‎ Test the technologies we need before sending astronauts on missions to Mars, which can take up-to three years round trip.‎ The Moon is a good place to learn new science. NASA will learn more about the Moon, the Earth and even the Sun. The Moon is a “test bed” for Mars. The Moon is a place to show that astronauts will one day be able to work away from the Earth on Mars for long periods of time.‎ ‎8. What is the aim of the Artemis program?‎ A. To help astronauts return to the Earth. ‎ B. To be ready for the landing on Mars.‎ C. To study the Mars using new science. ‎ D. To test the Moon landing spacecraft Orion.‎ ‎9. Which will be the achievement of the Artemis series?‎ A. Going to the Moon’s South Pole. ‎ B. Making the farthest trip into space.‎ C. Sending the first man to the Moon. ‎ D. Flying to the Moon with three persons.‎ ‎10. What will Artemis astronauts do on the Moon?‎ A. Send astronauts to Mars. ‎ B. Run a three-year-long test.‎ C. Find and make use of water. ‎ D. Learn to live not far from home.‎ ‎11. What can we conclude from the text?‎ A. It is possible to live on another planet now.‎ B. The crew will reach the lunar surface from the Orion.‎ C. NASA has sent the first woman astronaut to the Moon.‎ D. The Artemis program is of great help to Mars exploring.‎ D Young people in the United States do not have a strong understanding of the world and their place in it.‎ Two U. S.— based groups, the Council on Foreign Relations and the National Geographic, Society commissioned an online survey earlier this year. They wanted to know what young people educated in American colleges knew about geography, U. S. foreign policy, recent international events, and economics.‎ The survey was given to over 1,200 Americans between the ages of 18 and 26 years. All of them presently attending, or having previously graduated from, a 2- or 4-year college or university.‎ The average test score, out of 75 total possible answers, was 55 percent. The study identifies a few important problems. For example, only 30 percent knew that the only part of the U. S. government that can declare war is Congress. Only 60% of those taking the survey could identify Brazil on a world map.‎ Part of the problem, argue the organizers of the survey, is the internet. They say it is becoming harder to find high-quality information about world events amongst all the fake news and trivia which swamp the web. Forty-three percent of those questioned said they read about the news on Facebook.‎ Another problem is that most college courses do not require students to learn about international issues. If such information is not required, Richard Haass from the Council on Foreign Relations said, then the United States could have leaders like Gary Johnson. He was a recent presidential candidate who did not know about the Syrian city of Aleppo when a reporter asked him about it.‎ The survey results were not all bad. The young people also demonstrated a good understanding of climate change and renewable energy. And the majority of them said that international issues were becoming more important to them.‎ Haass says these findings suggest the need to find was to get good information to students, both in school and online. To help, the Council on Foreign Relations is creating a new program called CFR Campus, designed to help build knowledge about global issues.‎ ‎12. What can we learn about the survey?‎ A. All the participants were recent university graduates.‎ B. It was an online survey conducted by two US universities.‎ C. Its aim is to figure out what the young people know about America.‎ D. It was given to over 1,200 American people aged from 18 to 26.‎ ‎13. What’s one reason survey organizers give for young people’s lack of knowledge?‎ A. Young people are unwilling to travel abroad.‎ B. The sources from which they get their information.‎ C. The US university system is of poor quality.‎ D. Their lack of interest in knowing more about the world.‎ ‎14. According to the survey, what topic did the young Americans understand best?‎ A. Environmental matters. B. Geographic information.‎ C. Foreign relations. D. Government organizations.‎ ‎15. In which column of a newspaper could we find this article?‎ A. Economics. B. Entertainment.‎ C. Politics. D. Education.‎ 第二节 (共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ If you were like most kids, your mother must have told you there were three no-no’s when it came to your fingers: Don’t put them in an electrical outlet, don’t stick them up your nose (at least not in public), and don’t use them when you are counting. ___16___ But experts in education and cognition now believe that using your fingers to do math is not only a perfectly good idea but may even help children become superior students.‎ It certainly makes sense. When children count on their fingers, they take an abstract concept — mathematics — and translate it into the most basic and visual form ___17___. Even when we aren’t actually counting on figures, they still can help us on math problems.‎ ‎___18___ It activates when we respond to heat, pressure, pain, or the use of a given finger.‎ Studying brain scans, researchers discovered that when students aged 8 to 13 work on subtraction (减法 ) equations, this region “lights up” on the scans, even if the students aren’t using their fingers. The more complex the problem is, the more activities are detected.‎ The connection between finger use and math ability has been proved on old-fashioned math tests as well. With their eyes closed, first graders were asked to identify which of their fingers a researcher was touching. ___19___. When college students were given the same quiz, the highest ‎ scores once again performed best on calculation tests.‎ So what does all this mean? For one thing, parents and teachers shouldn’t discourage children from counting on their fingers. ___20___. Memorizing the multiplication tables may help, but it is not the best option. “I would like to see interesting and creative representations of ideas.” says Jo Boaler, a professor of math education.‎ Recently, a series of activities have been designed to strengthen students’ perception of their fingers. Maybe in the near future, there will be only two no-no’s regarding the use of fingers.‎ A. There is a section of the brain, called the somatosensory finger area.‎ B. Researchers also stress that students simply learn better using visual tools.‎ C. The first two laws of fingers are as true as ever.‎ D. That may sound simplistic, but the researchers offer an interesting explanation.‎ E. Researchers found those scoring highest on the finger-ID questions scored higher on a math test.‎ F. Researchers are unimpressed by those students who finish quickly as well.‎ G. In fact, experts believe the brain is built to “see” any process with our fingers.‎ 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）‎ 第二节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分) 阅读 下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ A Colorado pair brings new meaning to the word “determination”. When one couldn’t walk and the other couldn’t see, they ___21___ up to share their love of the great outdoors.‎ Melanie Knecht has to use a wheelchair to get around due to born spina bifida (脊柱裂). Trevor Hahn only recently became blind after he ___22___ an eye disease five years ago. Both living in Fort Collins, Colorado, the two met at an adaptive boxing class — and they soon ran into each other again at an adaptive rock-climbing class.‎ They immediately ___23___ over Knecht’s lifelong hobby of camping and Hahn’s passion for outdoor sports. When she told him about her recent trip to Easter Island, where she got the ___24___ to be carried on another person’s back, an unusual idea occurred to her.‎ ‎___25___ his lost sight, he’d been able to scale a Himalayan peak, using poles and ___26___ directions from his companions.‎ They started small, but next month — with her vision and his ___27___— they will trek to ‎ the top of a 14,000-foot mountain.‎ ‎“It just seemed like common sense. He’s the legs, I’m the eyes! ___28___, we’re the dream team.” said Knecht.‎ At the start of each hike, a friend lifts Knecht ___29___ a carrier on Hahn’s back. From that point on, she gives him oral directions to lead the way.‎ Hahn said, “It made me so happy to help someone experience what I’ve been able to experience my whole life. The best part is being able to make her smile — that gives me ____30____.”‎ In addition to this sense of purpose, the two share an understanding of how ____31____ it can be asking able-bodied or sighted people for assistance in everyday life. They get immeasurable ____32____ from being able to do this on their own.‎ While the two accept that others ____33____ what they’ve been able to do, they’re not looking for ____34____— they just want others to encourage solutions for their friends with disabilities. Don’t ____35____ them because you think they won’t be able to do something.‎ ‎21. A. rose B. made C. teamed D. ended ‎22. A. developed B. cured C. spread D. diagnosed ‎23. A. handed B. argued C. got D. bonded ‎24. A. opportunity B. competence C. permission D. admission ‎25. A. On account of B. In spite of C. On top of D. In view of ‎26. A. spoken B. opposite C. confusing D. gesturing ‎27. A. optimism B. strength C. guidance D. wisdom ‎28. A. Hopefully B. Instead C. Together D. Similarly ‎29. A. over B. up C. off D. into ‎30. A. relief B. courage C. reward D. purpose ‎31. A. convenient B. difficult C. ridiculous D. essential ‎32. A. suffering B. wealth C. satisfaction D. depression ‎33. A. appreciate B. oppose C. dismiss D. advocate ‎34. A. criticism B. attention C. praise D. curiosity ‎35. A. convince B. reject C. contact D. approach 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ How to prevent being infected with the virus? There are a number of standard hygiene (卫生) practices ___36___ have been recommended to protect against infection and ___37___ (far) spread. These include covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing with a medical mask, tissue or flexed elbow; avoiding contacting with those who are unwell ___38___ (close); the appropriate use of masks and personal protective ___39___ (equip), especially in a healthcare setting; washing hands regularly with water and soap, ___40___ alcohol-based hand sanitizer (洗手液). Actions that can be taken to prevent infection from ___41___ animal source include: avoiding unnecessary unprotected contact with animals; washing hands after contact with animals or animal products; and ensuring that animal products are cooked thoroughly before they ___42___ (consume).‎ ‎___43___ is important to stay home if you’re feeling unwell. But if you have a fever, cough, and difficulty ___44___ (breath), seek medical care early and share your previous travel history _____45_____ your healthcare provider.‎ 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分）‎ 第一节（满分 15 分）‎ ‎46.假如你是李华，你看到美国留学生Sharon在网上发帖，希望有人能够帮助她提高普通话（Mandarin）水平。请根据以下提示用英语给她写一封电子邮件：‎ ‎1. 表达给她提供帮助；‎ ‎2. 说明你能胜任辅导； ‎ ‎3. 列举你的提高计划。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 字数80词左右；‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 第二节（满分25分）‎ ‎47.阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。‎ A Note of the Nicest Things He was in the first third grade class I taught at Saint Mary’s school. All of my students were dear to me, except Mark Eklund. He often talked constantly. I had to remind him again and again that talking without permission was not acceptable.‎ One morning my patience was growing thin, and then I made a new teacher’s mistake. I looked at him, saying, “If you say one more word, I am going to tape your mouth shut!”‎ It wasn’t ten seconds later when Chuck, another student, blurted out, “Mark is talking again.” Since I had stated the punishment, I had to act on it. I took a roll of tape out of my drawer. Without saying a word, I proceeded to Mark’s desk, tore off two pieces of tape and made a big X over his mouth. When I walked back to Mark’s desk and removed the tape, his first words were, “Thank you for correcting me, Sister.”‎ One Friday, I asked the students to list the names of the other students, leaving a space between each name. Then I told them to write down the nicest thing they could say about each of their classmates. As they left, each one handed me the paper.‎ That Saturday I wrote down the name of each student and listed what everyone else had said about that individual. On Monday I gave each student his or her list. Before long, the entire class was smiling. “Really?” I heard the whispers. “I never knew that meant anything to anyone!” “I didn’t know others liked me so much!” Then Mark said, “Thank you for teaching me, Sister.”‎ Years later, after I returned from vacation, my parents met me at the airport. My father cleared his throat as he usually did before saying something important. “The Eklunds called last night,” he began. “Really?” I said. “I haven’t heard from them in years. I wonder how Mark is.” Dad responded quietly. “Mark was killed in Vietnam,” he said. “The funeral is tomorrow, and his ‎ parents would like it if you could attend.”‎ I had never seen a serviceman in a military coffin before, so handsome, so mature.‎ Para. 1 After the funeral, Mark’s mother and father found me. _________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Para. 2 Mark’s classmates started to gather around us. _______________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ ‎ 第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，每小题 2.5 分, 满分50分)‎ ‎【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍在不同的国家有不同的宠物爱好。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段United States中The United States is home to the highest number of domestic (驯养的) dogs, cats, and fish, and Americans are more likely to treat their friends like humans. U.S. pet owners spend $50 billion a year on their animal companions, and 36% of dog owners have used some of that money to buy their pet a birthday present.“美国是家养狗、猫和鱼数量最多的国家 ,而美国人更有可能像人类一样对待他们的朋友。美国宠物主人每年花费500亿美元在他们的动物同伴身上，36%的狗主人用一些钱来给他们的宠物买生日礼物。”由此可知，在第2段提到这些数字是为了展示美国人如何爱他们的动物朋友。故选D。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Russia中According to Russian tradition, keeping a cat as a pet is good fortunate可知，根据俄罗斯的传统,养猫是很幸运的。因此可推知在俄罗斯猫被认为是好运的象征。故选B。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据United Kingdom中Dogs and cats rank second and third in Britain, while fishes hold the top spot.(在英国，狗和猫排名第二和第三，而鱼则位居榜首。)可知，英国最受欢迎的宠物是鱼。故选D。‎ ‎【答案】4. A 5. B 6. D 7. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自身经验出发，自己年少时想成为最优秀的人，但是实际与期望有偏差，成功需要有天赋以及付出时间。到最后在经历了几十年的挫折却没有得到想要的结果之后，我们最终会接受我们的生活是怎样的，即使它远远达不到我们理想的年轻的期望。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据上文Unfortunately, my version of reality did not quite line up with this 可知不幸的是，作者对现实的看法与这种妄想不太一致。此处的妄想是指第一段中作者希望自己是个十分优秀的人，故此处delusional与reality意思相反，可知划线单词意思为“想象的”。故选A。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中Though I rose to above-average status in a couple of areas, the disappointing truth was that I would never amount to anything more than a mid-sized fish in a small pond. 可知虽然我在几个方面都达到了中等以上的水平，但令人失望的事实是，我只不过是小池塘里的一条中等大小的鱼。由此可知，在这篇文章中，作者认为自己是小池塘里的中等大小的鱼。故选B。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第五段中Some say greatness is simply a function of putting in the practice time.(有人说，伟大仅仅是投入练习时间的结果)以及后文I don’t question the theory of devoting extraordinary efforts to developing one’s expertise, but it seems that raw talent is equally important.(我并不怀疑为发展自己的专业技能而付出非凡努力的理论，但似乎天赋也同样重要)由此可知，作者认为，是天赋和时间造就了“伟大”。故选D。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据最后一段Hope bends, it seems.可知看上去希望屈服了。再结合本文作者通过自身经验出发，自己年少时想成为最优秀的人，但是实际与期望有偏差，成功需要有天赋以及付出时间。到最后在经历了几十年的挫折却没有得到想要的结果之后，我们最终会接受我们的生活是怎样的，即使它远远达不到我们理想的年轻的期望。故A选项“希望屈服了”符合文章标题。故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为 ‎①定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to, be called或that’s to say, such as等。‎ ‎②逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly, the same as, but, however, while, on the other hand, since, because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。‎ ‎③语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。‎ ‎④语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。‎ ‎⑤指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。‎ 如第一小题，根据上文Unfortunately, my version of reality did not quite line up with this可知不幸的是，作者对现实的看法与这种妄想不太一致。此处的妄想是指第一段中作者希望自己是个十分优秀的人，故此处delusional与reality意思相反，可知划线单词意思为“想象的”。故选A。‎ ‎【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国宇航局的新月球探测计划——阿特米斯计划的具体探索任务。这次月球探索任务为登上火星做准备。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段的Through the Artemis program, NASA will use new technology to study the Moon in new and better ways, and prepare for human missions to Mars.(通过Artemis计划，美国宇航局将使用新技术以新的和更好的方式研究月球，并为人类前往火星的任务做好准备)可知，Artemis计划的目的是为登上火星做准备。故选B。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第六段的The Artemis 3 crew will visit the Moon’s South Pole. No one has ever been there.可知，阿特米斯3号船员将参观月球的南极。从来没有人去过那里。故选A。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第七段的At the Moon, astronauts will: Search for the Moon’s water and use it.可知，在月球上宇航员将寻找水并使用它。故选C。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段的The Moon is a “test bed” for Mars. The Moon is a place to show that astronauts will one day be able to work away from the Earth on Mars for long periods of time.(月球是火星的“试验台”。 月球是一个表明宇航员有一天能够在火星上长时间远离地球的地方)并结合上文可知，阿特米斯计划是月球探索计划。由此推知，阿特米斯计划对火星探索有很大帮助。故选D。‎ ‎【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了美国的两个组织想要了解美国大学的年轻人对美国的地理、外交政策、最近的国际事件和经济的认识程度，所以进行了一次调查。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中的The survey was given to over 1,200 Americans between the ages of 18 and 26 years.可知，这项调查的对象是1200多名年龄在18岁到26岁之间的美国人。故选D。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第五段中的Part of the problem, argue the organizers of the survey, is the internet. They say it is becoming harder to find high-quality information about world events amongst all the fake news and trivia which swamp the web. Forty-three percent of those questioned said they read about the news on Facebook.可知，调查的组织者认为，部分问题出在互联网上。他们说，在网络上铺天盖地的假新闻和琐事中寻找高质量的世界事件信息变得越来越困难。43%的受访者表示他们在Facebook上看到了这条新闻。由此可知，调查组织者认为年轻人缺乏知识，其中一个原因是因为他们获得信息的来源。故选B。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的The young people also demonstrated a good understanding of climate change and renewable energy.可知，这些年轻人对气候变化和可再生能源也表现出了良好的理解。由此可知，调查显示年轻人对环境问题理解得较好。故选A。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中的They wanted to know what young people educated in American colleges knew about geography, U. S. foreign policy, recent international events, and economics.可知，他们想知道在美国大学接受教育的年轻人对地理、美国外交政策、最近的国际事件和经济了解多少，所以进行了一次调查。这篇文章最可能出现在报纸上的教育版块。故选D。‎ ‎【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. E 20. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。家长经常教育孩子不要用手指数数，但研究表明用手指数数对数学能力有促进作用。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 上文讲母亲告诉我们的三个不要用手指的事项，再根据空后But experts in education and cognition now believe that using your fingers to do math is not only a perfectly good idea but may even help children become superior students.(但是教育和认知方面的专家现在认为，用你的手指做数学不仅是一个非常好的主意，甚至可以帮助孩子成为优秀的学生)可知，教育专家说数数时用手指是很好的方法。因此推断，C项The first two laws of fingers are as true as ever.(手指的前两个定律和以往一样正确)是对上文的总结，对下文的转折。故选C。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 根据空前When children count on their fingers, they take an abstract concept — mathematics — and translate it into the most basic and visual form.可知，用手指数数能把抽象的数学概念变成最基本的视觉形式。因此推断，G项In fact, experts believe the brain is able to “see” a representation of our fingers.(事实上，专家认为大脑能够“看到”我们手指的图像)是对上句的进一步解释。故选G。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 根据下文It activates when we respond to heat, pressure, pain, or the use of a given finger.可知，当我们对热、压力、疼痛或使用给定的手指作出反应时，它就会激活。下文内容接着讲大脑特定区域的具体工作程序，因此推断，A项There is a section of the brain,called the somatosensory finger area.(大脑有一个区域，叫做躯体感觉指区)讲得是大脑的一个区域，引出下文。下文it指代上文的the somatosensory finger area。故选A。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 本段第一句The connection between finger use and math ability has been proved on old-fashioned math tests as well.可知，手指的使用和数学能力之间的联系在老式的数学测试中也得到了证明。此处在讲手指使用和数学能力之间的关系，根据空格上文With their eyes closed, first graders were asked to identify which of their fingers a researcher was touching.(当他们闭上眼睛时，一年级的学生被要求识别他们的手指中的哪一个是研究人员触摸的)可知，此处讲述研究过程，因此推断，E项Researchers found those scoring highest on the finger-ID questions scored higher on a math test.(研究人员发现，在手指识别问题上得分最高的人在数学测试中得分较高)说明了两者之间的关系，符合本段主题。故选E。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 上文For one thing, parents and teachers shouldn’t discourage children from counting on their fingers.可知，首先，父母和老师不应该阻止孩子们用手指数数。B项Researchers also stress that students simply learn better using visual tools.(研究人员还强调，学生们只是通过视觉工具学习会更好)与上句并列，与下句的乘法表一致。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】代词指代题要求同学们根据语境的逻辑关系、判断画线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象，包括考查it(指动物，无生命的事物、特定的事件或人)，they/them(指代人、物、事件的复数名词)，he/she等人称代词的指代意义，以及指示代词this，that，these，those等在文章中的指代意义，考查同学们对文章中叙述特定的人、物、事件的认知能力。在做七选五时利用这些代词的指代能快速准确地找到正确选项。本题第3小题，根据下文It activates when we respond to heat, pressure, pain, or the use of a given finger. 可知，当我们对热、压力、疼痛或使用给定的手指作出反应时，它就会激活。下文内容接着讲大脑特定区域的具体工作程序，因此推断A .There is a section of the brain, called the somatosensory finger area.(大脑有一个区域，叫做躯体感觉指区)讲得是大脑的一个区域，引出下文。下文it指代上文的the somatosensory finger area。故选A。‎ 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）‎ ‎【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是不能走路的Melanie Knecht和双目失明的Trevor Hahn两个残疾人互相借助各自的优势“合作”爬喜马拉雅山共同享受大自然的故事。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一个人不能走路，另一个人不能看东西时，他们合作分享他们对大自然的热爱。A. rose上升；B. made制造；C. teamed使合作；D. ended结束。根据When one couldn’t walk and the other couldn’t see和to share their love of the great outdoors.可知，他们要“合作”才能享受大自然。固定词组：team up“合作，协作”。故选C。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：特雷弗·哈恩(Trevor Hahn)五年前患了眼疾，最近失明。A. developed患（病）得（病）；B. cured治愈；C. spread传播；D. diagnosed诊断。根据空后的an eye disease five years ago可知，患了眼疾，D项应用be diagnosed with“被诊断”。故选A。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们很快就因为Knecht毕生的露营爱好和Hahn对户外运动的热爱而建立起了互信关系。A. handed交，递；B. argued辩论；C. got得到；D. bonded建立（与某人的）互信关系。根据第23空后的over Knecht’s lifelong hobby of camping and Hahn’s passion for outdoor sports可知，他们因为相同的爱好建立互信关系。故选D。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她告诉他她最近去复活节岛的旅行，在那里她有机会被另一个人背在背上时，她想到的一个不寻常的想法。A. opportunity机会；B. competence能力，胜任；C. permission许可；D. honour荣誉。根据空后的to be carried on another person’s back可知，此处指被另一个人背在背上的“机会”。故选A。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查介词短语辨析。句意：尽管他双目失明，但他还是能够借助杆子和同伴的口头指示爬上喜马拉雅山。A. On account of 由于，因为；B. In spite of尽管；C. On top of除……之外，在……之上；D. In view of鉴于，考虑到。根据空后的he’d been able to scale a Himalayan peak可知，此处指“尽管”失明，但是他能够爬上喜马拉雅山。故选B。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管他双目失明，但他还是能够借助杆子和同伴的口头指示爬上喜马拉雅山。A. spoken口头的；B. opposite相反的；C. confusing令人困惑的；D. gesturing打手势。根据上文his lost sight可知，他失去了视力，可知要借助同伴的“口头的”指示才能向前爬。故选A。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们开始时规模很小，但下个月——凭借她的远见和他的力量——他们将跋涉到达一座14000英尺高的山顶。A. optimism乐观主义；B. strength力气，力量；C. guidance指导；D. wisdom智慧。根据第27空后的they will trek to the top of a 14,000-foot mountain.和上文内容可知，因为她坐轮椅，需要背着，而他失明，所以他们在爬山时要借助她的眼睛和他的“力量”。故选B。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他是腿，我是眼睛！在一起，我们是梦之队。A. Hopefully充满希望地；B. Instead相反，反而；C. Together一起；D. Similarly类似地。根据空后的we’re the dream team.可推断，他们“在一起”就是梦之队。故选C。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查介词词义辨析。句意：每次徒步旅行开始时，我的一个朋友都会把Knecht放进哈恩的背上的搬运器里。A. over在……上面；B. up向上；C. off离开；D. into进入。根据语境可知，Knecht需要哈恩背着，因此推断，此处指别人帮助把Knecht放在哈恩的背上。故选D。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最棒的是能让她微笑——这给了我重要意义。A. relief减轻；B. courage勇气；C. reward报酬；D. purpose重要意义。根据下文In addition to this sense of purpose可知，此处指能够让Knecht微笑给了哈恩重要意义。故选D。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了这种重要意义之外，两人还都明白，在日常生活中向健全或有视力的人寻求帮助是多么困难。A. convenient方便的；B. difficult困难的；C. ridiculous可笑的；D. essential基本的，必要的。根据下文being able to do this on their own可推断，他们从自己做事中得到满足，因此推断他们明白向健全或有视力的人寻求帮助是多么困难。故选B。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们从自己能做这件事中得到了无限的满足。A. suffering痛苦；B. wealth 财富；C. satisfaction满足；D. depression沮丧。根据常理推断，残疾人能够独立自己做事，会得到满足。故选C。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管两个人都承认别人欣赏他们所做的事情，但他们并不是在寻求表扬。A. appreciate欣赏，感激；B. oppose反对；C. dismiss解散；D. advocate提倡。作为残疾人能够爬上喜马拉雅山，会得到别人的欣赏和表扬。故选A。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管两个人都承认别人欣赏他们所做的事情，但他们并不是在寻求表扬——他们只是希望其他人为他们的残疾朋友提供一些解决办法。A. criticism批评；B. attention关注；C. praise表扬；D. curiosity好奇心。根据下文they just want others to encourage solutions for their friends with disabilities. 可知，他们并不是在寻求“表扬”。故选C。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不要因为你认为他们不能做某事而拒绝他们。A. convince使确信；B.reject拒绝；C.contact接触；D. approach靠近。根据上文they just want others to encourage solutions for their friends with disabilities.可知，他们只是希望其他人为他们的残疾朋友提供一些解决办法。因此推断，此处指不要拒绝残疾人。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第24小题要求判断是什么灭了，根据下文的candles可知，此处是灯灭了。故选A项。还可以根据生活常识进行解答。比如：第28小题，句意：最棒的是能让她微笑——这给了我重要意义。A. relief减轻；B. courage勇气；C. reward报酬；D. purpose重要意义。根据下文In addition to this sense of purpose可知，此处指能够让Knecht微笑给了哈恩重要意义。故选D。‎ ‎【答案】36. that /which 37. further 38. closely 39. equipment 40. or 41. an 42. are consumed 43. It 44. breathing 45. with ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。如何防止感染病毒？文章介绍了一些帮助预防病毒传播的方法。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，__36___ have been recommended to protect against infection and ___37___ (far) spread.是限定性定语从句，现行词是practices，从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词which或者that，故填that /which。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查形容词比较级。句意：有一些标准的卫生做法，被推荐防止感染和进一步传播。根据句意，此处表示“进一步传播”，far的一个比较级further，表示抽象含义，“进一步”，故填further。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查副词。修饰动词短语contacting with用副词作状语，故填closely。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查名词。形容词protective修饰名词，and连接masks和equipment，equipment“装备”，是不可数名词，故填equipment。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查连词。句意：用水和肥皂或者含有酒精洗手液洗手。表示选择用连词or，故填 or。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查冠词。句意：防止来自动物来源感染的行动包括：避免不必要的无保护接触动物……source“来源”是可数名词，此处是单数，根据句意，此处表示泛指，且animal以元音音素开头，故填an。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查动词时态语态。句意：……确保动物产品在食用之前彻底煮熟。They指代products，与谓语consume是被动关系；文章讲述现在的事实，用一般现在时，故填are consumed。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查it的用法。分析句子可知，空格处是形式主语真正的主语是不定式短语to stay home，置句首单词首字母大写，故填It。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。have ...difficulty (in) doing sth.“做某事有困难”是固定短语，故填breathing。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：尽早寻求医疗保健，并与你的医疗保健提供者分享以前的旅行历史。share sth. with sb.“与某人共享某事”是固定短语，故填with。‎ 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分）‎ 第一节（满分 15 分）‎ ‎【答案】Dear Sharon,‎ This is Li Hua. Learning from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin, I am willing to offer my help.‎ First, being outgoing and humorous, I guarantee you’ll never get bored with me around. Besides, my good command of both Mandarin and English will boost our communication and connections. As for how to improve it, I think it will help if we video chat online every day and meet in person every weekend. Meanwhile, some fun and clearly- pronounced Chinese movies are good resources we can turn to, which will surely help you understand Chinese and its culture.‎ Good luck with you.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封电子邮件。‎ ‎【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文；‎ 人称：第一、三人称为主；‎ 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时；‎ 要点：‎ ‎1.表达给她提供帮助；2.说明你能胜任辅导；3.列举你的提高计划。.‎ 第二步：列提纲（重点词组）‎ learn from；outgoing and humorous；get bored；command of；as for；turn to等 第三步：连词成句 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）‎ ‎1.表文章结构顺序：First；Then ‎2.表并列补充关系：Besides；and；also ‎3.表因果关系：as等 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。‎ 第五步：润色修改 ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：Learning from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin, I am willing to offer my help.使用了现在分词作状语和同位语从句；As for how to improve it, I think it will help if we video chat online every day and meet in person every weekend.使用了it作形式主语和if引导状语从句；Meanwhile, some fun and clearly- pronounced Chinese movies are good resources we can turn to, which will surely help you understand Chinese and its culture.使用了定语从句等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎ 第二节（满分25分）‎ ‎【答案】After the funeral, Mark’s mother and father found me. Trembling and trying to fight back the tears, his father handed me a billfold, “They found this on Mark. We thought you might recognize it.” Opening it with kid gloves (小心翼翼地), I found two worn pieces of notebook paper that had obviously been taped, folded and refolded many times. Instantly I recognized that the pieces of paper were the ones on which I had listed all the nicest things that Mark’s classmates had said about him. “Thank you so much for doing that.” Mark’s mother said，occasionally biting her lower lip to stop it from trembling. “As you see, Mark has bettered himself. It’s all because of you and your list.”‎ Mark’s classmates started to gather around us. Charlie smiled, “I still keep the list in the top drawer of my desk at home.” Then Vicki, another student, reached into her pocketbook, took out her wallet and showed her worn list to the group. “I carry this with me at all times,” Vicki said. “It is a kind reminder when I encounter difficulties.” That’s when I finally sat down and cried, a mixture of regret and relief overwhelming me. If only I hadn’t treated Mark so rudely! Thank Godness to allow me to make it right! Indeed, the smallest kind things we do perhaps mean the most to others. I’m profoundly grateful that I didn’t waste the chance to tell them how great they were!‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文考查读后续写。要求考生写出接下来的两段，使之构成一个完整的故事。‎ ‎【详解】本篇书面表达是读后续写。需保持整体语言风格和逻辑与短文材料相同，符合书面表达要求。写作要求：1、与前段故事情节能够衔接；2、续写部分分为两段开头已给出。本文作为续写短文，所用人称和时态应与前文保持一致，使用第一人称和第三人称，时态以一般过去时为主。故事要围绕文章主题续写，可进行适当发挥。要求做到层次清晰，表达准确，同时，为了提高文章档次，考生应在保证内容要点齐全的同时进行合理而又紧扣主题、升华主题的发挥。因此，该类型的书面表达具有一定的灵活性，能较好地体现考生的英语思维和写作能力。‎ ‎【点睛】范文与原文语言风格一致，语言规范，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，Opening it with kid gloves (小心翼翼地), I found two worn pieces of notebook paper that had obviously been taped, folded and refolded many times.使用了现在分词作状语和定语从句；Instantly I recognized that the pieces of paper were the ones on ‎ which I had listed all the nicest things that Mark’s classmates had said about him.使用了状语从句和定语从句；That’s when I finally sat down and cried, a mixture of regret and relief overwhelming me.使用了表语从句；If only I hadn’t treated Mark so rudely!使用了虚拟语气。‎