人教版中考英语专题复习导学案名词专题

人教版中考英语专题复习导学案名词专题

专题复习二-------名词 了解名词的含义和分类及用法 ‎ 名词的概念：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：door, apple, China, air等。‎ 名词分为：______名词和______名词两大类。普通名词又分为_______名词和_______名词两种。‎ 考点一：不可数名词 ‎1、不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，它们不能直接和表示数字的词或不定冠词连用，也没有_______形式。常考的不可数名词有：news（新闻）, information（信息）, 建议________, 天气________, 家庭作业____________, 时间_______, 钱__________, 纸___________，音乐___________等。‎ ‎2、不可数名词可以借助______来表示一定的数量。但也可以用much（许多）, some/any（一些）, a little(一点点),little (几乎没有) plenty of（很多） , a lot of(=lots of)（许多）等修饰不可数名词。‎ 一则新闻：a piece of news ; 两瓶水： two bottles of water ; 四条建议________________________ ; ‎ 六张纸_________________ ；你能借给我一些钱吗？Could you lend me__________________?‎ ‎【中考真题再现】‎ ‎( ) 1. All the _____ are made of ______ , not plastics.‎ ‎ A. glass; glass B. glasses, glass C. glasses , glasses D. glass, glasses ‎( ) 2. Jenny gave us ____ on how to improve English.‎ ‎ A. some advices B. many advices C. some advice D. an advice 考点二：可数名词单数变为复数的几条规律 ‎1、一般直接加-s: 比如：girl---__________ map---_________‎ ‎2、以-s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的单词常在词尾加—es: 比如：bus—_______ brush---_______‎ ‎3、以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i，再加—es: 比如： story---_______ baby---_______‎ ‎4、以--o结尾的名词变复数常有下列2种变化：‎ ‎①【口诀：黑人和英雄正在吃士豆和西红柿。】‎ 说明：Negro(黑人)，hero(英雄),potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)，这四个名词变复数时，在词尾加-es。‎ ‎②其它以o结尾的名词一般加-s,‎ radio_______ zoo______ kangaroo__________(袋鼠) photo________(照片) kilo_________(千克)‎ ‎5、以“f”和“fe”结尾，一般改 f 或fe 为v,再+es ‎【口决：树叶多半自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮。架后窜出一只狼，就像盗贼逃命忙。】‎ 说明：leaf(树叶)，half(半)，self(自己)， wife (妻子)，knife(刀子)，shelf(架子)，wolf(狼)，‎ thief(盗贼)，life(生命) 这九个名词变复数时都要变f或fe为v, 再加-es。‎ 比如: leaf_______ half ________ myself_________ wife________ knife__________‎ ‎6、【可数名词变复数名词的不规则变化】‎ ‎1)改变单数名词中的元音字母或其它形式。‎ ‎①foot—_______ (脚) tooth---_______ (牙齿) ②goose—______ (鹅) woman ---______ (女人) ‎ ‎③man ---_______ (男人) ④child ---_______ (孩子) ⑤mouse ---_______ (老鼠) ‎ ‎★与man 和woman构成的合成词，两部分都要变成复数形式。‎ e.g.: woman doctor ---women doctors（女医生） man driver—men drivers (男司机)‎ ‎2)巧记某国人单复数常有下列三种变化。‎ ‎①Chinese (中国人)---- _______ Japanese(日本人) ----_______ ‎ ‎② 将man 变为men Englishman---___________ Frenchman---_______‎ ‎③其余全在后面加s German---___________ American---_________Indian—_______Canadian----_______Australian----_________‎ ‎【口诀：中日友好是一致，英法联盟a变e, 余国词尾添s。】‎ ‎【中考真题再现】‎ ‎( ) 1. They are from ____ . They’re _______.‎ ‎ A. Germany; Germans B. Germans ; Germany C. German; Germany D. Germany; Germen ‎( ) 2. ---Could you take ______ for these______? -- They are very beautiful.‎ ‎ A. any photos; tomatoes B. some photos ; tomatoes ‎ C. some photos; tomatos D. any photo; tomatoes ‎( ) 3. How many _____ are there in the international village?‎ ‎ A. Chinese B. Russian C. American D. Germen ‎3)有些名词只有复数形式。‎ ‎_______ (人们) _______ (裤子) _______ (衣服) _______ (长裤) _______ (短裤)‎ ‎_______ (眼镜) _______ (袜子) _______ (鞋子) scissors(剪刀)‎ ‎7、有些名词虽然以s结尾却表示单数。‎ 如：_______ (消息，新闻) _______（草） _______ (政治) _______ (物理) ‎ ‎8、即可做可数名词也可做不可数名词：‎ ‎① room“房间”，可数 There are five rooms here.‎ ‎ “空间”，不可数 Can you make room for the old woman?‎ ‎② chicken“小鸡”，可数 I think chickens can swim.‎ ‎ “鸡肉”，不可数 Help yourself to some chicken.‎ ‎③ orange“橘子”，可数 There are a few oranges on the tree.‎ ‎ “橘子汁”，不可数 Would you like another bottle of orange?‎ ‎④ experience “经历”，可数 It is a wonderful experience to travel to Beijing.‎ ‎ “经验”，不可数 He has much experience after working so many years.‎ ‎⑥ work“作品”，可数 The works of Luxun(鲁迅)are very popular.‎ ‎ “工作”，不可数 I have a lot of work to do today.‎ ‎⑦ exercise“练习”，可数 Doing morning exercises is good for your health.‎ ‎ “锻炼”，不可数 You must take enough exercise.‎ ‎⑧ time“次数”，可数 We have meals three times a day.‎ ‎ “时间”，不可数 Let’s hurry! There’s little time left.‎ ‎⑨ ★glass“玻璃杯”，可数 There are two glasses of milk on the table.‎ ‎ “玻璃”，不可数 Glass can be made into bottles ‎⑩ paper“报纸, 试卷”，可数 Please help me hand out the papers ‎ “纸张”，不可数 Please give me a piece of paper.‎ 01. ‎】29. —What can I do for you?—Err, I want a glass of milk, some bread and_________. A. some chickens B. any chickens C. some chicken 02. Would you like some ______? ---Yes, please. I’m a little thirsty. A. bread B. meat C. beef D. orange 03. If you don’t take more ________, you’ll get fat. A. medicine B. exercise C. lessons 04. Could you move over a little and make some ________ for me? ------Sure, please. ‎ A. place B. seat C. room D. ground 05. He had something to write down and asked me for ________.‎ A. a paper B. some papers C. some pieces of papers D. a piece of paper 06. I have ____ to do this evening. A. a lot of works B. many work C. a lot of work D. some works 01. You’d better do morning ________ every day. It’s good to do lots of ________.‎ A. exercise, exercise B. exercises, exercise C. exercise, exercises D. exercises, exercises 02. Do you like __? --No. I prefer rose, the color of your dress. ‎ A. orange B. oranges C. carrot D. carrots ‎9. 名词做定语 作定语的名词用单数（man和woman除外）‎ ‎1. 1）一棵香蕉树 五棵香蕉树 一位男教师 七位男教师 ‎ ‎2）（2010 攀枝花）It’s said that more than 100 will attend this meeting in Shanghai.‎ A man teachers B woman teacher’s C men teachers D womans teachers 2. a shoe shop一家鞋店 a bike factory 一家自行车工厂 01. ‎【2014黔西南州】____ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are ____ teachers. A. A number of; women B. A number of; woman C. The number of; women D. The number of; woman 02. ‎【2013广西贺州】 —What kind of porridge would you like, Alice?I would like ______.‎ A. egg porridge B. eggs porridge C. fish porridges D. fishes porridge 03. There are three ________ assistants in that ________ shop.‎ A. women, shoe B. woman, shoe C. woman, shoes D. women, shoes 04. The music made me think of the ___ of a running stream（溪流）. ‎ A. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound 05. ‎【2014甘肃白银】The boy didn’t sleep well last night because of the ______ from the factory.‎ ‎ A. voice B. noise C. music D. song 06. How well she sings! --Yes, she has a very sweet ___. A. voice B. sound C. noise D. mouth 07. Loud noise may cause hearing ________ for a short time or even for ever. ‎ A. results B. questions C. accidents D. problems 08. ‎【2013山东泰安】23. The food safety is a serious_______ in our country. We should try to solve it. A. subject B. program C. problem D. opinion ‎10．“数词+名词单数” “数词+名词单数+形容词”构成复合形容词，做前置定语 ‎“数词+名词单数”做前置定语相当于时间名词的所有格形式 三天的假期 1 2 六个月的英语课程1 2 ‎ ‎“数词+名词+形容词”‎ ‎1 一个8/18/80/11岁的人 ‎ ‎2一篇800词的作文 3.一座30米宽的桥 4.一栋40米高的楼房 ‎ ‎11.专有名词 专有名词大致五类，人名、地名、时间名、报刊名、单位团体名。‎ 比尔.盖茨 海南 一周七天;十二个月 ‎ 中国日报 九年级一班 ‎ 考点三：名词所有格 ‎1)名词所有格用来表示名词和名词之间的所属关系。意为：“……的”‎ 名词所有格有几种形式： 名词+’s ， 名词s’ ，名词+of+名词 A)表示有生命的东西的名词所有格，一般在名词的词尾加“ ’s ”，‎ ‎(1)如果词尾不是以s 结尾，要加“ ”‎ ‎ 这男孩的母亲 the ______ mother 儿童节 ___________________‎ ‎(2)如果词尾是以s 结尾，只加“ 　”‎ e.g.: 双胞胎的房间 the _______ bedroom 教师节__________________‎ ‎ (3)表示时间、距离、国家、地点和自然现象等无生命名词的所有格也用“-’s”的形式。‎ today’s paper 今天的报纸 two hours’ rest 两个小时的休息 ‎ It’s about ___________ from school to her home every day. 每天从学校到她家需要十分钟的走路路程。‎ ‎(4)表示商铺、某人的家、诊所、或餐馆等的名词所有格，其后名词可以省略。‎ e.g.: at my uncle’s 在我叔叔的家里 at the doctor’s 在医生的诊所里 ‎(5)表示一件东西为多人共有，只需在最后一个人的名字后加　’s ;‎ ‎ 若表示各自所有，则需在每个名字后都加 ’s ;‎ e.g.: Alan and Bain’s computer (共同所有) _____ very beautiful. (be)　　‎ ‎　 Alan’s and Bain’s computers(各自所有） ______ very beautiful.(be) ‎ ‎(6)表示某一事物与一个群体的所属关系，应用表这一群体的名词的复数形式。‎ e.g.: a women’s hat---women’s hats 女士帽 a children’s doctor—children’s doctors 儿科医生 ‎ ‎______________ 女子学校 _____________男子俱乐部 ____________ 运动会 B)表示无生命东西的名词所有格，一般以“of + 名词”的结构来表示。‎ e.g.: (A) 教室的窗户_____________________ (B) ________________ was broken. 房门坏了。‎ C)双重所有格结构 即’s结构和of结构相结合。‎ a, an, some, any, no, another, several, this, these, that, those +名词＋of +名词性物主代词/+名词的’s所有格 比如：我的一个朋友： a friend of mine（a+名词+of+名词性物主代词）‎ 布朗太太的一辆车： a car of Mrs. Brown’s（a+名词+of+名词的’s所有格）‎ D）有些名词用to来表示所有格。‎ ‎1)the key to the room 房间的钥匙 2)the answers to the following questions 下面问题的答案 ‎3) the way to the school 去学校的路 4）entrance to the theatre 戏院的入口 ‎5) a witness to an accident 事故的目击者 6) a ticket to the match 比赛的票 ‎【中考真题再现】‎ ‎( ) 1、The _____ was too much for the child to carry.‎ ‎ A. box’s steel B. box of a steel C. steel box D. box of the steel ‎ ‎( ) 2、_____ are big and bright.‎ ‎ A. The classroom window B. The window of the classroom ‎ C. The windows of the classroom D. The classroom’s windows ‎( )3.（2010 河北）I don’t think looking after children is just work.‎ A woman B woman’s C women D women’s ‎1. 中考怎么考？‎ ‎[2014荆州] 22. It’s a wise ________ to wear the white tie. It matches your shirt well. ‎ A. agreement B. support C. choice D. condition ‎ ‎[2014荆州] 65.—What’s your favorite season?—I like best. It’s a good time to have a swim in hot weather. ‎ ‎[2014荆州] 69. —How many (visit) come to Jingzhou every year?—More than one million, I think. ‎ ‎[2013荆州] 25. —Did your mother do anything special on your birthday?—Yes. She made me a cake in the ______ of a heart. A. height B. shape C. style D. number