2020年高考真题——英语（全国卷Ⅰ） Word版含解析

2020年高考真题——英语（全国卷Ⅰ） Word版含解析

- 1 - 2020 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷 I) 英 语 注意事项: 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂 黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答 案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上 的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分) 听下面 5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选 出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一 小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例:How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是 C。 1.Where are the speakers? A. At a swimming pool. B. In a clothing shop. C. At a school lab. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。 2.What will Tom do next? A. Turn down the music. B. Postpone the show. C. Stop practicing. 【答案】C 【解析】 - 2 - 【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。 3.What is the woman busy doing? A. Working on a paper. B. Tidying up the office. C. Organizing a party. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。 4.When will Henry start his vacation? A. This weekend. B. Next week. C. At the end of August. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。 5.What does Donna offer to do for Bill? A. Book a flight for him. B. Drive him to the airport. C. Help him park the car. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。 第二节(共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分) 听下面 5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每 小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6. Why does Pete call Lucy? A. To say that he’ll be late. B. To tell her about his work. C. To invite her to dinner. - 3 - 7. When is Pete going to see Lucy? A. At 6:00 pm. B. At 6:45 pm. C. At 8:00 pm. 【答案】6. A 7. B 【解析】 【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8. Why does Cathy want to quit her job？ A. She’ll join another firm. B. She’ll run her own business. C. She’s fed up with it. 9. What is Mark’s attitude towards Cathy’s decision? A. Forgiving. B. Sympathetic. C. Supportive. 10. What might Cathy do for the present company? A. Apply for a project. B. Train a new person. C. Recommend an engineer. 【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 【解析】 【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 11. How did the man feel about his performance today? A. Greatly encouraged. B. A bit dissatisfied. C. Terribly disappointed. 12. What did the man say helped him overcome the problem? A. Patience. B. Luck. C. Determination. 13. What is the woman doing? A. Conducting an interview. - 4 - B. Holding a press conference. C. Hosting a ceremony. 【答案】11. B 12. C 13. A 【解析】 【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14. What is next to the apartment building？ A. A restaurant. B. A laundry. C. A grocery store. 15. Which is included in the rent？ A. Electricity. B. The Internet. C. Satellite TV. 16. What does the woman think of the apartment？ A. It’s quite large. B. It’s well furnished. C. It’s worth the money. 【答案】14. C 15. A 16. C 【解析】 【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 17. Where is Jeff from？ A. Liverpool. B. Coventry. C. Newcastle. 18. Where do young men go to watch big games according to Jeff？ A. Pubs. B. Stadiums. - 5 - C. Friends’ homes. 19. Why does Jeff have to pick a team to support？ A. To avoid being bothered. B. To open a conversation. C. To earn respect from others. 20. What does Jeff mainly talk about？ A. England’s moment of success. B. English flag as a symbol of hope. C. England’s all-time favourite sport. 【答案】17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C 【解析】 【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 40 分) 第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2分，满分 30 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C和 D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Train Information All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30. While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled，there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services. Lost property(失物招领) Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located(位于)at Roma Street station. Public holidays On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days，i.e. Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate. - 6 - Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable，Before travel please visit translink. com. au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime. Customers using mobility devices Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. For assistance, please Queensland Rail on 13 16 17. Guardian trains (outbound) Depart Origin Destination Arrive 6:42pm Altandi Varsity Lakes 7:37pm 7:29pm Central Varsity Lakes 8:52pm 8:57pm Fortitude Valley Varsity Lakes 9:52pm 11:02pm Roma Street Varsity Lakes 12:22am 21. What would you do get ticker information? A. Call 13 16 17. B. Visit translink .com.au. C. Ask at the local station. D. Check the train schedule. 22. At which station can you find the lost property office? A. Altandi. B. Roma Street. C. Varsity Lakes. D. Fortitude Valley. 23. Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes? A. 6:42 pm. B. 7:29 pm. C. 8:57 pm. D. 11:02 pm. 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些火车信息，包括失物招领、公共假期安排以及列车出 发时间等信息。 - 7 - 【21 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中 For ticket information, please ask your local station or call 13 12 30. 可知查询车票信息，请向您当地的车站询问或拨打 131230。由此可知，你可以询问当地车站 或拨打 131230来获得车票信息。故选 C。 【22 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Lost property部分中 The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located at Roma Street station.可知失物招领处周一至周五早上 7:30到下午 5:00 营业，位于罗马街车站。由此可知，在 Roma Street你可以找到失物招领办公室。故选 B。 【23 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Guardian trans部分中信息，可知从起始地 Central出发，开往目的地 Varsity Lakes 的火车是下午 7:29 开车。由此可知，如果你要从 Central去往 Varsity Lakes，你应当乘 坐下午 7:29的火车。故选 B。 B Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative. The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight. There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s AMoveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar. While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, - 8 - rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends. 24. Why does the author like rereading? A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship. B. It’s a window to a whole new world. C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend. D. It extends the understanding of oneself. 25. What do we know about the book AMoveable Feas!? A. It’s a brief account of a trip. B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man. C. It’s a record of a historic event. D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris. 26. What does the underlined word ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Debt B. Reward. C. Allowance. D. Face value. 27. What can we infer about the author from the text? A. He loves poetry. B. He’s an editor. C. He’s very ambitious. D. He teaches reading. 【答案】24. D 25. B 26. B 27. A 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。 作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。 【24 题详解】 - 9 - 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就 是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现 在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因 为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选 D 项。 【25 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可知，这 本书出版于 1964 年，这是他关于 20 世纪 20 年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些 野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出 A Movable Feast 是关于海明威年轻时的生 活。故选 B 项。 【26 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,(虽然金 钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅 读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选 B 项。 【27 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save Twilight: selected poems, because poetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选》， 因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选 A 项。 - 10 - C Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem. Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass. Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour. However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step. As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice. 28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes? A. They must run long distances. B. They are qualified for the marathon. C. They have to follow special rules. D. They are good at swinging their legs. 29. What advantage does race walking have over running? - 11 - A. It’s more popular at the Olympics. B. It’s less challenging physically. C. It’s more effective in body building. D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries. 30. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking? A. Getting experts’ opinions. B. Having a medical checkup. C. Hiring an experienced coach. D. Doing regular exercises. 31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking? A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Tolerant. D. Conservative. 【答案】28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事 这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。 【28 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times.”可知，但 这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。 由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故 选 C项。 【29 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with - 12 - running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.”可知，一些与 跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的 优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选 D 项。 【30 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段 Dr. Norberg 说的话“In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习 适当的技巧。)”可知，Dr. Norberg 建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选 A 项。 【31 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受 伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选 B 项。 D The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half - 13 - hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps. in the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. A new study of different plants. B. A big fall in crime rates. C. Employees from various workplaces. D. Benefits from green plants. 33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer? A. To detect plants’ lack of water B. To change compositions of plants C. To make the life of plants longer. D. To test chemicals in plants. 34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future? A. They will speed up energy production. B. They may transmit electricity to the home. C. They might help reduce energy consumption. D. They could take the place of power plants. - 14 - 35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Can we grow more glowing plants? B. How do we live with glowing plants? C. Could glowing plants replace lamps? D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free? 【答案】32. D 33. A 34. C 35. C 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开 发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出 在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。 【32 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中 A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example ,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦 进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场 所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高 15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植 物的益处。故选 D。 【33 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中 These include plants that have sensors printed on their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.可知这就 包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的 有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺 水的情况。故选 A。 【34 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中 Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在 未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。故选 C。 - 15 - 【35 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中 Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的 7%。由于 照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。 发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很 有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的 过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作 用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选 C。 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项 为多余选项。 AFew Tips for Self-Acceptance We all want it to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. ___36___ Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction. ●___37___ Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world. ●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. ___38___You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同 情心) response? ＂That didn’t go as planned. But, I tried my best.＂ ●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. ___39___ ●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. ___40___ Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. - 16 - See how awesome you are? A. Feeling upset again? B. Where do you start? C. Nothing is too small to celebrate. D. Remember, you are only human. E. Set an intention for self-acceptance. F. Stop comparing yourself with others. G. When does the comparison game start? 【答案】36. B 37. F 38. D 39. C 40. A 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个自我接纳的小技巧。 【36 题详解】 根据题目 A Few Tips for Self-acceptance及下文的 Here's a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.(这有很多可以帮你找到正确方向的方法。)可知，选项 B. Where do you start? (从 哪里开始那？)最合下文语境，故选 B项。 【37 题详解】 根据下文 Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only one in this world.(你是否希望最终你会因 为自己的生活比他们的好而感到有力量？要知道，你的生活是你自己的；你在这个世界上是 独一无二的。)可知，本段主要讲述不要把自己和别人作比较，因为生活是我们自己的，我们 也是世界上独一无二的。故 F. Stop comparing yourself with others.(停止把自己和别人进行比较。) 可以作为本段中心句，故选 F项。 【38 题详解】 根据本文的中心句 Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. (原谅自己所犯的错误。)及 下文的 You will make mistakes, time and time again. (你会一次又一次地犯错误。)可知，选项 D. Remember, you are only human.(记住，你只是个人。)与上下文衔接最好，故选 D项。 【39 题详解】 根据上文 List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, - 17 - and you got out of bed today.(列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了学位，今天就起床 了。)可知，选项 C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.(没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝。)与上文 衔接最好，故选 C项。 【40 题详解】 结合上文 Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don't feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself.(用语言来解释为什么你觉得自己不值得，为什么你觉得自己不够好。现 在，自己读一下这些话。)和下文的 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are? (翻到你日记本上记下你的有点和成就的那页。看到你 有多棒了吗？)可知，选项 A. Feeling upset again?(再次感觉心烦意乱了吗？)最合上下文语境， 故选 A项。 第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分 45 分) 第一节(共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D四个选项中，选出可以填入空 白处的最佳选项。 Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The ___41___ is obvious. If we ___42___ it is a door, they’ll want to go outside ___43___. It will drive us crazy. The kids apparently know the ___44___. But our insisting it’s ___45___ a window has kept them from ___46___ millions of requests to open the door. I hate lying to the kids. One day they’ll ___47___ and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a ___48___.I wonder if ___49___ should always tell the truth no matter the ____50____. I have a very strong ____51____ that the lie we’re telling is doing ____52____ damage to our children. Windows and doors have ____53____ metaphorical(比喻) meanings. I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in ____54____ they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity(机会) of some sort, and ____55____ opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just ____56____ it and wonder, ＂What if it isn’t a door?＂ - 18 - That is, ＂What if it isn’t a ____57____ opportunity?＂ Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear. But the ____58____ is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids. I should just ____59____ repeatedly having to say, ＂No. We can’t go outside now.＂ Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won’t ____60____ to open them and walk through. 41. A. relief B. target C. reason D. case 42. A. admit B. believe C. mean D. realize 43. A. gradually B. constantly C. temporarily D. casually 44. A. result B. danger C. method D. truth 45. A. merely B. slightly C. hardly D. partly 46. A. reviewing B. approving C. receiving D. attempting 47. A. win out B. give up C. wake up D. stand out 48. A. dream B. lie C. fantasy D. fact 49. A. parents B. twins C. colleagues D. teachers 50. A. restrictions B. explanations C. differences D. consequences 51. A. demand B. fear C. desire D. doubt 52. A. physical B. biological C. spiritual D. behavioral 53. A. traditional B. important C. double D. original 54. A. life B. time C. reply D. history 55. A. by comparison with B. in addition to C. regardless of D. instead of 56. A. get hold of B. stare at C. knock on D. make use of 57. A. real B. Typical C. similar D. limited 58. A. safety rule B. comfort zone C. bottom line D. top secret 59. A. delay B. regret C. enjoy D. accept 60. A. hurry B. decide C. hesitate D. intend 【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. D 47. C 48. B 49. A 50. D 51. B 52. C 53. B 54. A 55. D 56. B 57. A 58. C - 19 - 59. D 60. C 【解析】 这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者以现实中的门，引申出生活中的“门”，从而探讨了一种教 育理念。作者认为家长们不要害怕告诉孩子们真相，这样，孩子们才可以在生活的道路上， 不再被各种“进退两难”所困扰，从而抓住机遇，勇往直前。 【41 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：原因是明显的。A. relief安慰； B. target目标；C. reason原因；D. case情况。根据下文 If we 42 it is a door, they'll want to go outside_43.可知这里作者在解释把门 说成窗户的原因。所以这里意思是“原因是明显的”。故选 C。 【42 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。A. admit 承 认；B. believe 相信；C. mean 意味着；D. realize 意识到。下文 they'll want to go outside_43.说 他们就会经常想出去，那必然是作者承认了它是一扇门。故选 A。 【43 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。A. gradually 逐步地；B. constantly不断地；C temporarily临时地；D casually随便地。根据下文 I should just_59 repeatedly having to say, "No. We can't go outside now. "可推测出，孩子们会不断地想出去。故选 B。 【44 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们显然知道这个真相。A. result结果；B. danger危险；C. method 方法；D. truth 真相。下文 But our insisting it’s 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door.说阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试，和下文的 I hate lying to the kids.可知孩子们是知道真相的。故选 D。 【45 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，我们坚持说它只不过是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求 打开这扇门的尝试。A. merely只不过；B. slightly轻微地；C. hardly几乎不；D. partly部分地。 我在搪塞孩子们，所以轻描淡写地说，它不过是一扇窗户而已。故选 A。 - 20 - 【46 题详解】 考查动名词词义辨析。句意：但是，我们坚持说它只是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打 开这扇门的尝试。A. reviewing 回顾；B. approving赞成；C. receiving收到；D. attempting 尝试。 根据 millions of requests to open the door可知孩子们是想尝试打开门。故选 D。 【47 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知 道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。A. win out最后获得成功；B. give up放弃；C. wake up开 始了解真相；D. stand out站出来。根据 and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a 48.可知有一天，孩子们会开始了解真相。故选 C。 【48 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知 道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。A. dream梦想；B. lie 谎言；C. fantasy幻想；D. fact事实。 根据 I hate lying to the kids.以及结合前文作者把门说成窗户，可知这里意思是他们所知道的关 于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。故选 B。 【49 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。A. parents父母； B. twins 双胞胎；C. colleagues 同事；D. teachers老师。根据下文 to our children，可知这里意 思是作者想知道父母是否应该说出真相。故选 A。 【50 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。A. restrictions 限制；B. explanations 解释；C. differences差异；D. consequences 结果。根据 they'll want to go outside_43.可知一旦我说出真相，孩子们就总想着打开门出去，这是一种说出真相的“后果”。 故选 D。 【51 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心 灵上的伤害。A. demand要求；B. fear害怕；C. desire欲望；D. doubt怀疑。根据 that the lie we're telling is doing 52 damage to our children.和Maybe it's an unreasonable fear.可知这是让我强烈 害怕的事情。故选 B。 - 21 - 【52 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成 心灵上的伤害。A. physical身体的；B biological 生物的；C. spiritual心灵的；D. behavioral行 为的。下文说家长们的撒谎行为会让孩子们面对机会时，犹豫不前。由此可知，这是对孩子 们心灵上造成了伤害。故选 C。 【53 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：窗户和门有重要的比喻意义。A. traditional传统的； B. important 重要的；C. double双重的；D. original原来的。下文说假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门， 将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它 不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。由此可知，窗户和门的比喻意义是非常重要的。故选 B。 【54 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机 会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。 A. life 生活；B. time时间；C. reply回答；D. history历史。根据 Then when they come to other doors in life 可知这里意思是在生活中遇到比喻的门。故选 A。 【55 题详解】 考查短语辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会， 他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。 A. by comparison with与……相比；B. in addition to除……之外；C. regardless of不管；D. instead of而不是。对孩子们撒谎，今后，孩子们面对生活中的“门”时，会观望，而不是打开“门”。 故选 D。 【56 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机 会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。 A. get hold of抓住；B. stare at凝视；C. knock on敲击（门、窗）；D. make use of利用。孩子们 遇到机会，不是马上抓住它，而是在考虑很多问题。由此可知，孩子们在凝视着“机会”。 故选 B。 【57 题详解】 - 22 - 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也就是说，假如它不是一个真的机会，将会怎么样？A. real真的； B. typical典型的；C. similar相似的；D. limited有限的。孩子们面对机会，犹豫不前，是在质 疑机会的真实性。故选 A。 【58 题详解】 考查名词短语词义辨析。句意：但是，底线是我不应该对我的孩子们撒谎。A safety rule安全 守则；B. comfort zone舒适带; C. bottom line底线；D. top secret绝密的。根据 I shouldn't lie to my kids.可知这是我的底线。故选 C。 【59 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我应该只是接受重复的说：“不，我们现在不能去外面。”A. delay 推迟；B. regret后悔；C. enjoy享受；D. accept接受。当我告知孩子们真相时，我也不得不重 复的说：“不，我们现在不能去外面。”这是一个现实，我只能接受。故选 D。 【60 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，当他们遇到生活中的其他门时，或真实或比喻，他们将毫 不犹豫的打开它们，然后走过去。A. hurry匆忙；B. decide决定；C. hesitate犹豫；D. intend 打算。根据 and walk through.可知当告知孩子们真相时，孩子们将不再犹豫，大踏步向前走。 故选 C。 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess ___61___ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is ___62___ (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ___63___ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular ___64___ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so ___65___ the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 ___66___ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it ___67___ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ___68___ (construct)＂ Data about the moon’s composition, such as how - 23 - ___69___ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether ____70____ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. 【答案】61. touched 62. extremely 63. where 64. interest 65. than 66. to find 67. means 68. is constructed 69. much 70. its 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家，文章主要介绍了中国无 人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。 【61 题详解】 .考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神—— 上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语 last week可知应使用一般过 去时，故填 touched。 【62 题详解】 考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词 challenging，应使用 extreme的副词形式，故填 extremely。 【63 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可 以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是 a spot， 关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用 where引导。故填 where。 【64 题详解】 考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词 particular可知，空处应 填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填 interest。 【65 题详解】 - 24 - 考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级 more so可知， 此处填介词 than，表示“比……更”。故填 than。 【66 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯 盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填 to find。 【67 题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家 Carle Pieters 说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是 it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形 式 means，故填 means。 【68 题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语 construct 与主语 the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时， 主语 the moon是单数，故填 is constructed。 【69 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决 定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用 much修饰，故填 much。 【70 题详解】 考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词 plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词 its，故填 its。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分 35 分) 第一节 短文改错(共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分) 71.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 - 25 - 注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改 10处，多者(从第 11处起)不计分。 Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook. My mom told me how to preparing it. First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside. Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove， I waited patiently unless the oil was hot. Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together. ＂Not that way，＂ my mom tried to stop us but failed. She was right. It didn’t tum out as I had wished. 【 答 案 】 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者做西红柿炒鸡蛋的过程。 【详解】1.考查形容词。句意：今天我自己尝试做一道简单的菜。根据名词 dish可知，此处应 用形容词作定语，故将 simply改为 simple。 2.考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词 fry与 tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所 以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将 frying改为 fried。 3.考查情态动词用法。句意：并且我认为它一定很简单。must是情态动词，后接动词原形，to 多余，故将 to去掉。 4.考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知，“how+不定式” 作 told的宾语，to是不定式符号，后应接动词原形，故将 preparing改为 prepare。 5.考查连词。句意：首先我把西红柿切成块，并把它们放在一边。I cut the tomatoes into pieces - 26 - 与 put them aside之间是并列关系，应使用 and连接，故将 but改为 and。 6.考查名词复数。句意：下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里，然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可 数名词，意为“筷子”，通常以复数形式出现，故将 chopstick改为 chopsticks。 7.考查介词。句意：之后我把油倒进一个平底锅，然后开火。根据 I poured oil into a pan及常 识可知，把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子，所以此处应使用短语 turn on，故将 off改为 n。 8.考查连词。句意：我耐心等待，直到油烧热。此处是指“直到”油烧热，应使用 until/till引 导时间状语从句，故将 unless改为 until/till。 9.考查冠词。句意：然后我把西红柿和打好的鸡蛋一起放进平底锅。此处特指上文提到的 pan， 所以其前应加定冠词 the，故在 pan前 the。 10.考查代词。句意：“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我，但是失败了。根据上文可知，是 作者一个人做菜，此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”，应使用第一人称单数的宾格，故将 us改为 me。 第二节 书面表达(满分 25 分) 72.你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容 包括: 1. 人物简介； 2. 尊敬和爱戴的原因。 注意: 1. 词数 100左右； 2. 短文题目和首句已为你写好。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ 【答案】The person I respect We have a lot of respectable people around us. They may be our teachers, parents or one of our elders. As for me, my father is the person I respect most. My father is a teacher who loves his work and his students very much. He works very hard every day but he will also spare some time to accompany me and share many funny things with me about his work. When I come across the problems of learning in my study, my father will listen to me patiently - 27 - and encourage me to overcome the difficulties bravely. He achieved a lot in his work, respected by his students. So, in my mind my father is the person I respect most and I love him deeply. 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求学生以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文。 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。 结构：总分法。 要求： 1.人物简介： 2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。 第二步：列提纲（重点短语） As for me；spare some time；listen to me patiently; 第三步：连词成句 1.As for me, my father is the person I respect mostly. 2.He works very hard every day but he will also spare some time to accompany me and share many funny things with me about his work. 3.My father will listen to me patiently and encourage me to overcome the difficulties bravely. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇 1.表示文章结构顺序：介绍人物；阐述原因 2.表示并列补充关系：As for; and; but; So 第五步：润色修改 【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯。复 合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多的高端句式，如定语从句：My father is a teacher who loves his work and his students very much；非谓语动词：He achieved a lot in his work, respected by his students；时间状语从句：When I come across the problem of learning in my study, my father will listen to me patiently and encourage me to overcome the difficulties bravely…等。文章思路清 晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然。为文章增色添彩。 - 28 -