2018届一轮复习北师大版必修3Unit7Thesea学案(6)

2018届一轮复习北师大版必修3Unit7Thesea学案(6)

Unit 7 The Sea ‎【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着选出spirit在各句中的意思。‎ ‎1. She did not understand the spirit of the times.  ‎ ‎2. Ann’s spirits sank when she saw the mess they’d left.   ‎ ‎3. Many people believe the spirit lives on after death.‎ ‎4. Cancer destroyed the man’s body but not his spirit.  ‎ ‎5. She was one of the leading spirits of the reform movement.  ‎ ‎6. Spirits are more expensive than beer, but they get you drunk faster.  ‎ a. 精神，心灵                  b. 情绪，心境 ‎ c. （某种类型的）人        d. 本质，精髓，基本精神 e. 烈酒                           f. 灵魂 ‎【自我归纳】通过观察上面的句子，我们发现spirit在各句中的意思分别是：1→d；2→________；3→f；4→________；5→________；6→________。‎ ‎【注意】‎ ‎★ spirits意为“情绪，心境”，常用搭配：be in high / low spirits； keep one’s spirits up。‎ ‎★ spirit意为“烈酒”时，常用作复数。‎ ‎【拓展】常见的含spirit的短语有：‎ in spirit精神上，在心里 ‎ out of spirits意志消沉，没精打采；情绪不好 ‎ ‎【即学即练】翻译下面句子。‎ ‎1. 他赢得比赛后心情很好。‎ ‎_______________________________________‎ ‎2. 每个人都应服从于法律的精神。‎ ‎_______________________________________‎ ‎3. 虽然他现在生活在美国，但是在心里我觉得他和我在一起。‎ ‎_______________________________________‎ ‎4. 这位女士是个如此和蔼的人。‎ ‎_______________________________________‎ 参考答案 spirit ‎【自我归纳】b; a; c; e ‎ ‎【即学即练】‎ ‎1. He was in high spirits after winning the race.‎ ‎2. Everyone should obey the spirit of the law.‎ ‎3. Although he’s now living in America, I feel he’s with me in spirit. ‎ ‎4. The lady is such a kind spirit. ‎ persuade ‎【语境展示】阅读下面句子，注意 persuade 的意思和用法。‎ ‎1. We tried to persuade him to come out with us. ‎ ‎2. I tried to persuade him not to buy that MP4, but failed.‎ ‎3. Who persuaded you into writing that letter?‎ ‎4. Can we persuade him out of his foolish plans?‎ ‎5. I persuaded him that he must have a bright future. ‎ ‎6. How can I persuade you of my sincerity?‎ ‎【自我归纳】persuade v. 意为：①说服，劝服（常用结构：persuade sb. to do sth. = persuade sb. into doing sth. 和persuade sb. not to do sth. = persuade sb. out of (doing) sth. ）（句1~4）；② _________ （常用结构：persuade sb. that ...和persuade sb. of sth.）（句5~6）。‎ ‎【即学即练】每空填一词，使每组句子的意思相同或相近。‎ ‎1. I persuaded him to give up playing computer games.‎ ‎→ I _________ him _________ to play computer games any more. ‎ ‎→I _________ him _________ _________ playing computer games.‎ ‎2. I couldn’t persuaded myself that he was honest.‎ ‎ →I couldn’t persuaded myself ________ ________ ________.‎ 参考答案 persuade ‎【自我归纳】使相信 ‎【即学即练】1. persuaded; not; persuaded; out of 2. of his honesty ‎ apologise ‎【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳apologise的意思及用法。‎ ‎1. You should apologise to your brother.‎ ‎2. James apologised for the damage he had caused.‎ ‎3. I apologised to Mary for stepping on her foot.‎ ‎【自我归纳】 apologise是不及物动词，意为“________”。常用结构： apologise to sb.（句1）；apologise for sth.（句2）； apologise to sb. for sth.（句3）。‎ ‎【拓展】apology n. 道歉，谢罪。常用于以下结构：‎ make / offer an apology (to sb.) (for sth.)（为某事）（向某人）道歉 accept sb.’s apology 接受某人的道歉 owe sb. an apology 应该向某人道歉 ‎【即学即练】翻译下面句子。‎ ‎1. Alice apologised to the boss for being late.‎ ‎_______________________________________‎ ‎2. I feel I owe you an apology.‎ ‎_______________________________________‎ ‎3. Mr. White made a public apology for his own behavior.‎ ‎_______________________________________‎ 参考答案 apologise ‎【自我归纳】道歉 ‎【即学即练】‎ ‎1. 艾丽丝为迟到向老板道歉。‎ ‎2. 我觉得我应该向你道歉。‎ ‎3. 怀特先生为自己的行为公开道歉。‎ ban ‎【归纳】ban即可作动词又可作名词。‎ ban作动词时，意为“禁止”，常用结构：ban sth. 或ban sb. from (doing) sth.；‎ ban作名词时，意为“禁令”，常用结构：a ban on sth.。如：‎ They signed agreements banning the use of chemical weapons.‎ He was banned from the meeting.‎ Those who carry dangerous things are banned from boarding the plane. ‎ The government is considering a total ban on the sale of handguns.‎ ‎【即学即练】根据汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）。‎ ‎1. It is said that he ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (被禁止出席该会议).‎ ‎2. There is ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (彻底禁止吸烟) in public places.‎ 参考答案 ban ‎【即学即练】1. was banned from attending the meeting 2. a total ban on smoking get into trouble ‎【归纳】get into trouble意为“遇到麻烦，陷入困境”，相当于run into trouble。如：‎ Tom got into trouble for not doing his homework. ‎ The boy got into trouble when he left home to live in London. ‎ Their marriage ran into trouble because of her husband’s heavy drinking. ‎ ‎【拓展】常见的含trouble的短语有：‎ ‎★ be in trouble意为“有麻烦，有困难，出事”。如：‎ I knew we were in trouble when the elevator stopped suddenly.‎ ‎★ ask / look for trouble意为“自找麻烦，自寻烦恼，自讨苦吃”。如：‎ Don’t ask for trouble until trouble troubles you.‎ Drunken youths hang around outside looking for trouble. ‎ ‎★ take trouble to do sth.意为“尽心尽力地做，费力地做”。如：‎ They took a lot of trouble to make all the arrangements for the party. ‎ ‎★ take the trouble to do sth.意为“不辞劳苦地做，不厌其烦地做”。如：‎ The teacher took the trouble to learn all our names on the first day.‎ ‎【即学即练】翻译下面句子。‎ ‎1. If I don’t get this finished in time, I’ll be in trouble. ‎ ‎_______________________________________‎ ‎2. I hope you won’t get into trouble because of what I said to your dad. _______________________________________‎ ‎3. Driving after drinking is looking for trouble. ‎ ‎_______________________________________‎ ‎4. They take a lot of trouble to find the right person for the right job. _______________________________________‎ 参考答案 get into trouble ‎【即学即练】‎ ‎1. 我如果不按时把这完成就要倒霉了。‎ ‎2. 我希望你不会因为我跟你爸爸说的话而陷入麻烦。‎ ‎3. 酒后驾车是自找麻烦。‎ ‎4. 他们竭力寻找做这项工作的合适人选。‎ ‎ SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS ‎ ‎1. In 982 AD, when a man called Eric the Red decided to set sail further west, there were as many as 10,000 Vikings living in Iceland. (P8)‎ ‎【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。when引导时间状语从句，其中called Eric the Red作定语修饰man；there were ... in Iceland是主句，living in Iceland作定语修饰________。as many as意为“和……一样多，多达”。‎ ‎【句意】公元982年，在冰岛生活的北欧海盗多达一万人，就在此时，一个叫红发埃里克的人决定向西远航。‎ ‎【仿写】上周日，当一位名叫琳达的年轻获奖者到达这座城市时，机场有多达20名记者等在那里。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2. According to the old stories of Iceland and Norway, Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder, for which he got into trouble. (P8)‎ ‎【分析】本句是一个复合句。主句为Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland； because he had committed a murder是________从句；for which he got into trouble是“介词+ which”引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代he had committed a murder。‎ ‎【句意】根据冰岛和挪威的古老传说，红发埃里克因犯谋杀案而惹上麻烦，被迫离开冰岛。‎ ‎【仿写】‎ ‎① 比尔由于身体不好而被迫辞职了。 ‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎② 乔治赢得了一件价值3000美元的奖品，为此他激动得睡不着。 ‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3. Biarni was hoping to join his father who was with Eric, but he was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land, from where he eventually reached Greenland. (P8) ‎ ‎【分析】本句是一个由but连接的并列复合句。前一分句中含有一个由who 引导的定语 从句，修饰先行词________；后一分句中含有一个由from where引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词________。  ‎ ‎【句意】比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但大风将他吹离航线，刮到一个不知名的 地方。从那里他最终抵达格陵兰岛。‎ ‎【仿写】汤姆希望拜访住在一个远方小镇上的姑姑，但是他却迷了路，发现自己到了一个不 知名的农场。从那里他最终到达了那个镇上。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎4. Leif followed Biarni’s directions and sailed to what is believed to be the coast of present-day Canada. (P8)‎ ‎ 【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。followed 和sailed 是并列谓语；what引导的句子作介词to的宾语，what在宾语从句中作________。 ‎ ‎【句意】利夫依照比阿尼的指点，据说航行到了现在的加拿大海岸。‎ ‎【仿写】游客们依照一位老人的指点，到达了据说是当地最好的旅店。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________‎ 参考答案 ‎1. 【分析】Vikings ‎ ‎ 【仿写】Last Sunday, when a young prize winner called Linda was arriving in this city, there were as many as 20 reporters waiting for her at the airport. ‎ ‎2.【分析】原因状语  ‎ ‎【仿写】‎ ‎① Bill was forced to quit because of ill health.          ‎ ‎② George won a prize worth $3,000, for which he was too excited to go to sleep.‎ ‎3. 【分析】 father; land ‎ 【仿写】 Tom was hoping to visit his aunt who was living in a remote small town, but he got lost and found himself in an unknown farm, from where he finally reached the town. ‎ ‎4.【分析】主语 ‎【仿写】 The travelers followed an old man’s directions and arrived at what is believed to be the best local hotel.  ‎ GRAMMAR ‎ 关系副词或“介词+ which / whom”引导的定语从句 ‎ 前面我们学习了关系代词引导定语从句的情况，本期我们来学习关系副词和“介词+ which / whom”引导定语从句的情况。‎ 一、关系副词在从句中作状语，其作用相当于“介词+ which”。‎ ‎1. 关系副词when指代时间，在从句中通常作时间状语，也可用“介词+ which”来替 换。如：‎ The attacks continued up to the day when the agreement was signed. ‎ ‎= The attacks continued up to the day on which the agreement was signed.‎ ‎2. 关系副词where指代地点，在从句中通常作地点状语，也可用“介词+ which”来替 换。如：‎ Mozart’s birthplace and the house where he composed “The Magic Flute” are both now ‎ museums. ‎ ‎= Mozart’s birthplace and the house in which he composed “The Magic Flute” are both now ‎ museums.‎ 注意：当先行词（如situation, stage, point等）表达“地步、境地、形势”等抽象概念，且在定语从句中作状语时，用where引导。如：‎ You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.‎ Their youngest child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.‎ I had reached a point in my career where I needed to decide which way to go.‎ ‎3. 关系副词 why指代原因，在从句中通常作原因状语，也可用for which来替换。如：‎ I’d like to know the reason why you’re so late.‎ ‎= I’d like to know the reason for which you’re so late.‎ 二、“介词+ whom”也可引导定语从句。有些介词也可放在从句的末尾，此时可用who代替whom。如：‎ Students for whom English is a second language should consider taking the course.‎ The person to whom this letter was addressed died three years ago.‎ ‎= The person who / whom this letter was addressed to died three years ago.‎ 注意：“介词+ which / whom”引导定语从句时，介词的选择取决于从句中谓语动词的固定搭配、先行词的习惯搭配或句子要表达的意思。‎ ‎【即学即练】‎ I.‎‎ 从括号内选择正确的选项填空。‎ ‎1. We had reached the point ________ (where / which) there was no money left. ‎ ‎2. Sales director is a position ________ (why / where) communication ability is just as important as sales skills.  ‎ ‎3. The reason ________ (where / why) this town is a natural place for making movies is that the sun shines here everyday. ‎ ‎4. Occasions are quite rare ________ (when / where) I have the time to spend a day with my kids. ‎ II. 用适当的介词填空。‎ ‎1. King Henry VIII is someone ________ whom you’ve probably heard. ‎ ‎2. ‎0℃‎ is the temperature ________ which water starts to freeze.‎ ‎3. This is a stage ________ which many famous people have performed. ‎ ‎4. Mike was a man ________ whom we had absolute trust. ‎ III. 从方框内选出可以替代下面各句中画线部分的单词。‎ where, that, when, whom, why ‎1. Computers are the things which changed the modern world. ________‎ ‎2. The woman who I spoke to in the shop used to live next door. ________‎ ‎3. They say he wanted to retire but the reason for which he left so suddenly is unknown. ________‎ ‎4. Here’s the store cupboard in which all cleaning materials are kept. ________‎ ‎5. “Visiting hours” means the time during which you can visit someone in hospital. ________‎ IV. 用适当的单词完成下面对话。‎ A: Wow! Here’s a photograph 1. ________ I haven’t seen for years.‎ B: Who is it?‎ A: It’s my great-grandmother 2. ________ son was my grandfather. This is her with the man 3. ________ asked her to marry him.‎ B: You mean your great-grandfather? ‎ A: No. Before that, there was someone else 4. ________ asked her to marry him, before the war. ‎ B: What happened?‎ A: She never told me the reason 5. ________ they didn’t get married, but this photo was taken in 1939, 6. ________ the Second World War was just starting, so I guess he never came back. I think this photo was taken at the place 7. ________ they probably said goodbye for the last time. ‎ 参考答案 ‎【即学即练】‎ I. 1. where  2. where  3. why  4. when ‎ II. 1. of / about 2. at 3. on 4. in ‎ III. 1. that 2. whom / that 3. why / that 4. where 5. when / that ‎ IV. 1. that / which 2. whose 3. who / that 4. who / that 5. why 6. when 7. where ‎