高考英语复习题课时16 阅读理解技法1

高考英语复习题课时16 阅读理解技法1

课时16　阅读理解技法1‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解技法演练 一、拨云见日　事实细节题 ‎【精要提示】　考生要从文段中获得回答细节题的具体信息，可不必详尽阅读整篇文章，只需找出可能包含所需信息的段落，迅速划定关键词语，然后加以重点理解即可，也就是所谓的“寻读法”。考生在运用此法时，应根据文段的结构和写作顺序，有针对性地寻读，迅速锁定相关内容。‎ ‎【微情景练】‎ 快速寻读抓关键信息 Reading‎ 1‎ ‎(2015·广东卷，A)Peter loved to shop used articles.Almost a month ago，he bought a popular word game that used little pieces of wood with different letters on them.As he was purchasing it，the salesgirl said，“Oh，look，the game box hasn't even been opened yet.That might be worth some money.”‎ Peter examined the box，and，sure enough，it was completely covered in factory－sealed plastic.And he saw a date of 1973 on the back of the box.‎ ‎26．Which of the following best describes Peter's word game?‎ A．It was made around 40 years ago.‎ B．It had game boards in different sizes.‎ C．It was kept in a plastic bag with a seal.‎ D．It had little pieces of wood in different colors.‎ ‎27．What did the salesgirl probably think of Peter's word game?‎ A．Old and handy.‎ B．Rare and valuable.‎ C．Classic and attractive.‎ D．Colorful and interesting Reading 2‎ ‎(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ，A)Arriving in Sydney on his own from India，my husband，Rashid，stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.‎ During the first week of his stay，he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers，including his passport.‎ ‎ ...‎ ‎ What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?‎ A．Go shopping. B．Find a house.‎ C．Join his family. D．Take a vacation.‎ 二、高瞻远瞩　主旨大意题 ‎【精要提示】　做主旨大意题时可以通过：(1)寻找主题句，确定文 章大意。在许多情况下，尤其是在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。(2)抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在寻找各段落中心的基础上。各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。(3)抓主线和关键词，归纳文章中心。要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句隐含在段落中。‎ ‎【微情景练】‎ 通过寻找主题句、抓段落大意和抓主线，寻找答案 Reading 1‎ ‎(2014·福建卷，A)It was Mother's Day morning last year and I was doing shopping at our local supermarket with my five－year－old son，Tenyson.As we were leaving，we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on the concrete.Her husband was with her，but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock.‎ ‎...‎ The man then bent down and gave his wife the flower，telling her who it was from.Though badly hurt and shaken，the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.‎ What would be the best title for the passage?‎ A．Flower Power B．Mother's Day C．An Accidental Injury D．An Embarrassing Moment Reading 2‎ ‎(2015·天津卷，D)Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk，I went to a friend.He looked at me for a moment，and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I've ever had: Be bold and brave — and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.‎ ‎ ...‎ What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?‎ A．To encourage people to be courageous.‎ B．To advise people to build up physical power.‎ C．To tell people the ways to guarantee success.‎ D．To recommend people to develop more abilities.‎ Ⅱ.能力提升练 A ‎(2015·浙江卷，B)Graphs can be a very useful tool for conveying information，especially numbers，percentages，and other data.A graph gives the reader a picture to interpret.That can be a lot more efficient than pages and pages explaining the data.‎ Graphs can seem frightening，but reading a graph is a lot like reading a story.The graph has a title，a main idea，and supporting details.You can use your active reading skills to analyze and understand ‎ graphs just like any other text.‎ Most graphs have a few basic parts：a caption or introduction paragraph，a title，a legend or key，and labeled axes.An active reader looks at each part of the graph before trying to interpret the data.Captions will usually tell you where the data came from (for example，a scientific study of 400 African elephants from 1980 to 2005)．Captions usually summarize the author's main point as well.The title is very important.It tells you the main idea of the graph by stating what kind of information is being shown.A legend，also called a key，is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph.Many graphs，including bar graphs and line graphs，have two axes that form a corner.Usually these axes are the left side and the bottom of the graph.Each axis will always have a label.The label tells you what each axis measures.‎ Bar Graphs A bar graph has two axes and uses bars to show amounts.In Graph 1，we see that the x－axis shows grades that students earned，and the y－axis shows how many students earned each grade.You can see that 6 students earned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on the ‎ vertical measurement.There is a lot of information we can get from a simple graph like this (See Graph 1)．‎ Line Graphs A line graph looks similar to a bar graph，but instead of bars，it plots points and connects them with a line.It has the same parts as a bar graph—two labeled axes—and can be read the same way.To read a line graph，it's important to focus on the points of intersection rather than the line segments between the points.This type of graph is most commonly used to show how something changes over time.Here is a graph that charts how far a bird flies during the first five days of its spring migration (See Graph 2)．‎ The unit of measurement for the x－axis is days.The unit of measurement for the y－axis is kilometers.Thus we can see that，on the first day，the pipit flew 20 kilometers.The line segment goes up between Day 1 and Day 2，which means that the bird flew farther on Day 2.If the line segment angled down，as between Day 4 and Day 5，it would mean that the bird flew fewer kilometers than the day before.This line graph is a quick，visual way to tell the reader about the bird's migration.‎ Pie Graphs A typical pie graph looks like a circular pie.The circle is divided into sections，and each section represents a fraction of the data.The graph is commonly used to show percentages；the whole pie represents 100 percent，so each piece is a fraction of the whole.‎ A pie graph might include a legend，or it might use icons or labels within each slice.This pie graph shows one month's expenses (See Graph 3)．‎ Food $25‎ Movies $12‎ Clothing $36‎ Savings $20‎ Books $7‎ ‎1．When used in a graph，a legend is ________．‎ A．a guide to the symbols and colors B．an introduction paragraph C．the main idea D．the data ‎2．What is the total number of students who earned a C or better?‎ A．4. B．6. C．10. D．20.‎ ‎3．The bird covered the longest distance on ________．‎ A．Day 1 B．Day ‎2 ‎ C．Day 3 D．Day 4‎ ‎4．Which of the following cost Amy most?‎ A．Food. B．Books. C．Movies. D．Clothing.‎ B ‎(2015·江阴四校联考)Stephen Hawking，who spends his career decoding (破译) the universe and even experienced weightlessness，is urging the continuation of space exploration—for humanity's sake.‎ The 71－year－old Hawking said he did not think humans would survive another 1，000 years “without escaping beyond our fragile planet”．‎ The British cosmologist (宇宙学家) made the remarks on Tuesday before an audience of doctors，nurses and employees at Cedars－Sinai Medical Center，where he toured a stem cell laboratory that's focused on trying to slow the progression of Lou Gehrig's disease.‎ Hawking was diagnosed with the neurological disorder (神经障碍) 50 years ago while he was a student at Cambridge University.He recalled how he became depressed and at the beginning didn't see a point in finishing his doctorate.But he continued to dig into his studies.“If you understand how the universe operates，you control it in a way，” he said.‎ Well－known for his work on black holes and the origins of the ‎ cosmos，Hawking is famous for bringing esoteric(只有内行才懂的) physics concepts to the masses through his best－selling books，including A Brief History of Time，which sold more than 10 million copies worldwide.Hawking titled his hourlong lecture to Cedars－Sinai employees A Brief History of Mine.‎ Hawking has survived longer than most people with Lou Gehrig's disease，also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)．ALS attacks nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord that control the muscles.People gradually have more and more trouble breathing and moving as muscles weaken and waste away.There's no cure and no way to reverse the disease's progression.Few people with ALS live longer than a decade.‎ Hawking receives around－the－clock care，can only communicate by twitching(抽动) his cheek，and relies on a computer fixed to his wheelchair to convey his thoughts in a distinctive robotic monotone.‎ Despite his diagnosis，Hawking has remained active.In 2007，he floated like an astronaut on an aircraft that creates weightlessness by making parabolic(抛物线的) dives.“However difficult life may seem，there is always something you can do and succeed in，” he said.‎ Dr.Robert Baloh，director of Cedars－Sinai's ALS program who invited Hawking，said he had no explanation for the physicist's long life.Baloh said he had treated patients who lived for 10 years or more.“But 50__years__is__unusual，to__say__the__least，” he said.‎ In 2009，President Barack Obama awarded Hawking the Presidential Medal of Freedom for his work.‎ ‎5．What's the main idea of the passage?‎ A．Hawking's disease. B．Hawking's achievements.‎ C．Hawking's life. D．Hawking's research.‎ ‎6．Which of the following shows the right order of what happened to Hawking?‎ a．Hawking made remarks about humans' survival at Cedars－Sinai Medical Center.‎ b．Hawking was diagnosed with a terrible disease.‎ c．Hawking floated like an astronaut on an aircraft.‎ d．Hawking was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.‎ A．bcda B．bacd C．bcad D．bdca ‎7．By saying “50 years is unusual，to say the least”，the doctor means ________．‎ A．50 years is a long time B．Hawking has lived too long C．he didn't expect Hawking's long life D．he couldn't explain why Hawking lived so long ‎8．In spite of his disease，Hawking can do the following things EXCEPT ________．‎ A．continue to dig into his studies B．control the universe C．make the public understand difficult physics concepts easily D．communicate with others via a computer C ‎(2015·连云港一模)Farming wasn't exactly a profession likely to be successful when Linda Neunzig started Ninety Farms near Arlington about 12 years ago.Today Linda's 52－acre farm，like most，isn't making enough for her to raise her family.‎ So why then is Linda more optimistic than ever? She can tell you in one word：local.‎ ‎“People want local food，and they're willing to pay for the freshness，the taste and the quality，” Linda said of her locally grown vegetables and meat sold primarily to the restaurants.“They're buying more and more local.”‎ All kinds of factors are driving the buy－local view，said Mary Embleton，executive director of the Cascade Harvest Coalition(联盟)，which represents about 250 farm members.‎ ‎“Certainly health and nutrition，”Mary said.“We know whole fruits and vegetables are better than processed ones in general.”‎ Frustration with large－scale farming in recent years，including incidents involving animal diseases such as mad cow，has pushed ‎ consumers to explore their local food supply.‎ The distance food travels，called food miles，and the fuels used are other factors.‎ ‎“People are concerned with protecting the environment and air quality，”Mary said，“Having a healthy farm division adds to environmental quality.”‎ Government leaders have been watching the buy－local trend take shape too.‎ Snohomish County Executive Aaron Reardon has made financial success for farmers and，in turn，farmland preservation，which has been considered most important during the past three years.He hired long－time county employee John Roney to fill a new agricultural coordinator (协调员) position so the county would have full－time contact with farmers.He also started Focus on Farming Conference to connect with farmers.‎ Linda，in addition to running her farm with some outside help，is joining the county effort too，working full－time as a project coordinator.‎ Other groups are also working with farmers，including the Northwest Agriculture Business Center，formed in 2005 to serve five counties.The Haggen grocery store chain has worked with the center to help farmers sell and market their goods.‎ Roney hopes the future of local farming can include not just farm tourism and local food at schools，but crops for making biodiesel (生物柴油) fuel，food－processing facilities for local products.‎ ‎“Americans are used to a cheap food supply.The question might be，‘What are you willing to pay for food？’” Roney said.“Would you rather have the ability to produce food to feed the people of this area or do you want everything to be either houses or wetlands？”‎ ‎9．Which of the following is the best title for this passage?‎ A．Fresh from a farm B．How to get cheap fresh vegetables C．Modern agriculture in America D．A project coordinator ‎10．People want to buy local food due to the following factors EXCEPT ________．‎ A．quantity and cost B．health and nutrition C．food miles and fuels D．animal diseases ‎11．How does the government assist in developing this buy－local tendency?‎ A．Mary Embleton works for the Cascade Harvest Coalition，representing about 250 farm members.‎ B．Aaron Reardon has held Focus on Farming Conference to connect with farmers in Snohomish County.‎ C．John Roney has hired agricultural coordinators to ensure full－time contact with farmers.‎ D．Linda Neunzig has started Ninety Farms near Arlington with some outside help.‎ ‎12．Those groups that work with farmers do NOT include ________．‎ A．the Haggen grocery store chain B．the Northwest Agriculture Business Center C．the Cascade Harvest Coalition D．Ninety Farms ‎13．What can be predicted about the future of local farming?‎ A．Farms will be turned into either houses or wetlands.‎ B．Local farming will be expanded into large－scale farming.‎ C．Farm tourism，fuel－making and food－processing will be further developed.‎ D．Cheap food supply will be replaced with high－quality but expensive supplies.‎ ‎14．About local farming，the author feels ________．‎ A．worried B．doubtful C．certain D．hopeful 课时16　阅读理解技法(1)‎ 阅读理解技法演练 一、Reading 1‎ ‎26．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句话And he saw a date of 1973 on the back of the box.可知，盒子上的日期是1973年，故距现在大约是40年了，所以选A。]‎ ‎27．B　[推理判断题。根据第一段the salesgirl said，“Uh，look，the game box hasn't even been opened yet.That might be worth some money.”女售货员说这个游戏盒未曾打开过，很罕见，可能会值一些钱，有价值。故选B。]‎ Reading‎ 2‎ ‎　B　[事实细节题。根据文章第一段中“...stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.”可知作者到达悉尼计划要做的事情就是为“我和孩子”找房子，故B项正确。]‎ 二、Reading 1‎ ‎　A　[主旨大意题。尽管老人受伤严重，但是仍然向作者的儿子露出了微笑。所以最好的题目应该是鲜花的力量，故选A项。]‎ Reading‎ 2‎ ‎　A　[目的意图题。第一段点明文章的主旨：Be bold and brave，后面的段落对这一中心话题详细论述，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是激励人们要大胆、勇敢。]‎ 能力提升练 ‎【语篇解读】　‎ 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是不同类型的图表所提供的消息是不同的，根据图表我们可以从中快速地获得所需要的信息。‎ ‎1．A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的A legend...is a guide to symbols and colors used in the graph可知答案为A。选项与原文用词完全一致。]‎ ‎2．D　[数字计算题。根据Graph 1可知，成绩为A的6人，成绩为B的10人，成绩为C的4人，共计20人。]‎ ‎3．C　[细节理解题。根据Graph 2可知，第三天鸟儿飞行的距离最大，为70公里。]‎ ‎4．D　[细节理解题。根据Graph 3可知，衣服的花销所占比例最大为$36。]‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文介绍了霍金对生活的积极态度、他的研究及所取得的成就。‎ ‎5．C　[考查主旨大意。A、B、D都是文章陈述的一部分，作为文章大意有些片面，C项是对文章的全面概括。]‎ ‎6．A　[考查细节理解。通读全文后可知，霍金发表有关人类生存的观点是在今年；被诊断患有重病是在50年前；像宇航员一样在航空器中飘浮是在2007年；被授予总统勋章是在2009年。故选A项。]‎ ‎7．D　[考查句意理解。根据上文中的“Dr.Robert Baloh，director of Cedars－Sinai's ALS program who invited Hawking，said he had no explanation for the physicist's long life.”可推知，此处表示霍金得了这种病后还能活50年是不寻常的，他无法解释这是为什么，故选D。]‎ ‎8．B　[考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“‘If you understand how the universe operates，you control it in a way，’ he said.”他说：“如果你明白了宇宙的运转方式，在某种程度上你就能控制它。”可知，B项“控制宇宙”与文章表述不符，过于绝对。]‎ ‎【语篇解读】　一提到农业，人们会想到菜篮中的蔬菜和肉制品。这些蔬菜和肉制品来自哪里呢？是来自本地还是来自其他大型农场？读了这篇文章，你可以了解美国农业的一种新趋势，以及这种趋势给人们生活带来的变化。‎ ‎9．A　[考查标题判断。本文主要讲的是美国农业的一种新趋势，推崇从本地采购新鲜的蔬菜和肉制品，这种趋势给人们的生活带来了新的变化，故A项最适合作本文标题。]‎ ‎10．A　[考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“All kinds of factors are driving the buy－local view”及第五段中的“Certainly health and nutrition”可知，B项正确；从第六段中的“...animal diseases such as mad cow，has pushed consumers to explore their local food supply”不难看出，D项正确；从第七段中的“The distance food travels，called food miles，and the fuels used are other factors.”可知C项正确。只有A项文章中没有提到，故答案为A。]‎ ‎11．B　[考查细节理解。从文章第九段“Government leaders have been watching the buy－local trend take shape too.”和第十段中的“Snohomish County Executive Aaron Reardon has made financial success for farmers”“He also started Focus on Farming Conference to ‎ connect with farmers.”可知，答案是B项。]‎ ‎12．D　[考查细节理解。从第一段第一句可知，Ninety Farms是Linda的农场的名字，不是与农民合作的团体，故选D项。]‎ ‎13．C　[考查推理判断。从文章倒数第二段中的“Roney hopes the future of local farming can include not just farm tourism and local food at schools，but crops for making biodiesel (生物柴油) fuel，food－processing facilities for local products.”不难推断出未来当地农业发展的前景，所以C项正确。]‎ ‎14．D　[考查作者态度。纵观全文尤其是第二段中的“So why then is Lina more optimistic than ever？”可推知，这种地方农业的新趋势以及这种趋势给人们生活带来的变化是让人们感到充满希望的，所以D项正确。]‎