2018届二轮复习代词讲与练课件（46张）

2018届二轮复习代词讲与练课件（46张）

2018届 二轮复习 代词 单数 复数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 人 称 代 词 主格 I you he, she, it we you they 宾格 me you him, her, it us you them 代词分类 物 主 代 词 形容词性 my your his, her, its our your their 名词性 mine yours his, hers, its ours yours theirs 反身代词 myself yourself himself, herself, itself ours-elves yours-elves them- selves 指示代词 this, that these, those 疑问代词 what, which, who, whom, whose 关系代词 that, which, who, whose, as 连接代词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever 不定代词 all, both, either, other, another, one, each, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, some, any, none, no one, more, most 复合不定代词 someone, anyone, something, anything, nothing, everything, everyone, nobody… 相互代词 宾格 each other, one another 所有格 each other’s, one another’s 考点梳理 一、人称代词 人称代词有主格和宾格之分，主格在句中作主语、表语等成，宾格在句中作动词、介词宾语、同位语等成分，有时也可作表语。不仅指人，也可指物，有人称和数的变化。 人称代词，物主代词，反身代词 【注意】在连词 than 和 as 引导的比较状语从句中常常省略从句，只保留人称代词，人称代词作主语时要用主格，在口语中也常用宾格；但当人称代词后有动词时就必须用主格。 如： My sister speaks English as well as me/I . ( 口语中常用 me) My sister speaks English as well as I do . ( 此时只能用 I) 二、物主代词 1. 物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词 性物主代词，必须与所指的名词在人称、数和性别方面保持一致。 如： The waiters offered their food to the homeless man. 【注意】单数阳性名词和单数阴性名词连用作主语时，如果前面有 every ， each 修饰，谓语动词用单数，代词用 his 。 如： 2. 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，只能作 名词或动名词的定语。 e.g. This is our classroom. Would you mind my opening the window? Each boy and each girl wants to lend his raincoat to the soldiers. 3. 名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代 词＋名词”，可单独作主语、宾语、表 语。此外，名词性物主代词还可与名词及 of 连用，构成双重所有格。 如： This is her coat. Mine is over there. Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party. 三、反身代词 1. 反身代词通常在 enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, seat, dress, express, amuse, behave 等动词和 by, for, to, of 等介词后作宾语。 如： He was left at home by himself the whole day yesterday. 2. 反身代词可以作主语的同位语，主要起加 强语气的作用，意为“亲自，本人，亲 身”。 e.g. The teacher and pupils mended the road themselves . 3. 反身代词可以在 be, feel, look, seem 等系动 词后作表语，表示身体或精神状态处于正 常。 e.g. — You look pale. What’s wrong with you? — I’m not feeling myself today, not serious, though. 注意 (1) 反身代词本身不能单独作主语。 ( 正 ) I myself drove the car. 　我自己开车。 ( 误 ) Myself drove the car. (2) 在由 and, or, nor 连接的并列主语中，第 二个主语可用反身代词，特别是 myself 作主语。 e.g. Charles and myself saw it. (3) 在不强调的情况下， but, except, for 等介 词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词均可。 e.g. No one but myself/me is hurt. 4. 反身代词的习惯搭配 介词 + 反身代词 for oneself 为自己；亲自地 to oneself 对自己；独用 of oneself 自动地 by oneself 独自地 (2) 动词＋反身代词 dress oneself 自己穿衣 make oneself at home 不要客气 seat oneself=be seated 就坐 teach oneself 自学 come to oneself 苏醒 devote oneself to = be devoted to 致力于 enjoy oneself 过得愉快，玩得高兴 help oneself to 自行取用，请自便 accustom oneself to=be accustomed to 习惯于 amuse oneself 消遣，自娱 behave oneself 表现良好 apply oneself to sth . 致力于 explain oneself 说明自己的意图 express oneself 表达自己的思想 abandon oneself to 沉迷于，放纵 一、指示代词 指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词，表示“这个（些）”、“那个（些）”。 1. 指上文提到的事物，一般用 that ，有时也用 this ；指下文将要提到的事物，常用 this 或 these 。 如： He said I was lying, and that was unfair. (that 指代上文 He said I was lying) What I want you to remember is this ： Practise makes perfect. ( 此句中 this 指代下文，不能换为 that) 指示代词，相互代词，疑问代词和不定代词 2. that/those 可作定语从句的先行词，但 this/these 不能；其中 those 可指人，但 that 不能。 如： She has known that which she wanted to know. I admire those who are always helping others. (those 作定语从句的先行词，指人 ) 二、相互代词 相互代词是表示相互关系的代词，只有 each other 和 one another 两个词组，都表示“互相，相互”。 1. each other 和 one another 在句中可以作动词 或介词的宾语。 如： Let’s help each other and learn from each other . They looked at one another and laughed. 2. 作定语时 each other 和 one another 须用 所有格，表示“彼此的”。 如： We said hello to one another’s/each other’s family. 三、疑问代词 疑问代词是用来进行提问，构成特殊疑问句的词，包括 who, whom, whose, what, which 等。 1. 疑问代词后接 ever 的用法。 (1) whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever 表泛指，意为“无论 …… ” 。 如： You have our support, whatever you decide. Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize. I don’t want to see them, whoever they are. (2) 置于疑问代词后，用于加强语气。如： Whatever do you mean? Whoever heard of such a thing! 2. 疑问代词的单复数形式要由所代表的人或事 物的单复数形式来确定，如果不清楚代表的 人或物是复数还是单数，则谓语动词多用单 数形式。 who/what/which 作主语时，谓语动 词既可以用单数形式，也可以用复数形式。 如： What he needs most is his mother’s love. What we need are good books. 四、不定代词 1）不定代词可分为两类： a. 由body , one, thing构成的复合不定代词 人 物 某 someone / somebody something 任何 anyone / anybody anything 每个，所有 everyone / everybody everything 没有 no one / nobody nothing b. some, any, both, none, either, neither, all, one, each, many, much, another, other, more, most, few, little 等。 2 ）不定代词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表 语、同位语、定语或状语。如： One should be careful when crossing the street. Tess went and said goodbye to all her favourite cows, touching each of them with her hand. He was little or nothing of a translator. In that case, we’ll each pay half. There’s still some wine in the bottle. It was nothing like what I had imagined. 3 ）复合不定代词构成的固定短语： anything but 根本不，一点也不 nothing but 只不过 do nothing but 只有，除 …… 之外什么事也不做 have something/nothing to do with 与 …… 有 / 无关 something of 有点，有几分 易混淆点辨析 一、全部否定与部分否定 由 some 和 any 构成的不定代词的用法与 some 和 any 的用法基本一致。 all, both, everyone, everybody, everything 以及“ every+ 名词”都表示全部肯定； no one, none, nobody, nothing, not...any 以及“ no+ 名词”都表示全部否定； 但当 not 出现在含有全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管 not 在它们之前还是在它们之后都表示部分否定。此外 not 与总括性副词如 everywhere, always, wholly, altogether 等连用时也表示部分否定。 e.g. All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem. (all 表示 全部肯定， none 表示全部否定 ) Such a thing can’t be found everywhere . (“not ＋ everywhere” 表示部分否定 ) The exam is very easy, but not all of the students can pass it. (“not ＋ all” 表示部分否定 ) 二、 both, either, neither, each, all, none both 表示两者都，具有肯定含义； either 表示两者中的任何一个； neither 表示两者都不； each 表示两者或两者以上的每一个； all 表示全部，指三者或三者以上的人或物，也可笼统地表示“一切，所有”； none 表示三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定，与 of 连用或用来回答 how many / much 的提问。 【考例】 It’s an either-or situation — we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do _____.  (2013 新课标全国卷 II) A. others                         B. either C. another                      D. both D 三、 another, other, the other, others, the others another 泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中不确定的另一个； other 表示“另外的人 / 物，别的人 / 物”； the other 指两者中的另一个； others = other + 名词，泛指“别的人或物”； the others 指“一定范围内其余的人或物”，如果被指代的名词是不可数名词，则用 the rest 。 【考例】 In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in _____, knives and forks.  ( 福建 2014) A. another                   B. others C. both                         D. all B 四、 much, many, (a) few, (a) little 修饰或代替 肯定 否定 可数名词复数 many a few few 不可数名词 much a little little 1. 【 2015· 浙江 】 12. How would you like _____ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? A. them B. one C. those D. it 【解析】句意：当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时，突然有个人进来，一声不吭的关掉电视，你会怎么样？ it 作形式宾语，指代 if 后面的句子。 真题再现 2. 【 2015· 天津 】 2. The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some larger schools. A. that B. one C. it D. this 【解析 】 句意：这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词 the quality of education ，故用代词 that 。代词 it 和 one 都代指可数名词单数。故选 A 。 3. 【 2015· 陕西 】 13. To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against ______. A. another B. the other C. other D. either 【解析 】 句意：为了让自己暖和起来，这个水手坐在火前面一只光脚搓着另一只脚。因为人有两只脚，一只是 one ，另外一只是 the other ，所以选 B 。 4. 【 2015· 重庆 】 2. The meeting will be held in September, but ____ knows the date for sure. A. everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody 5. ... I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with    63   (it) choking smog. （ 2015 新课 标全国卷 I 第三部分） 6. If it’s a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.  （四川 2014 短文改错） 7. I was eager to see him, but outside her room I stopped.  （辽宁 2013 短文改错） its you his 8. The fruits are small in size ... There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. （ 2014 新课标全国卷 I 短文改 错） 9. On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68. ___ (it) mother. （ 2016 新课标全 国卷 I ） 10. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden _____ view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books. （ 2016 新课标全国 卷 II ） many its our 11. I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by ________ (I). （ 2016 新课标全国卷 III ） 12. In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from _____ in the UK. （浙江 2016 ） 13. Every time he arrived home at the end of the day, we’d greet ___ at the door. （浙江 2016 ） myself that him I. 选用下面合适的代词并用其正确形式填（每个单词限用一次）。 whoever, one, it, much, either, nothing, that, another, which, others, those, none 1. There is only a copy of the book in the library, so I decide to buy ___ in the bookstore.  2. The manager didn’t make ____ clear where the meeting would be held. 3. —Would you like tea or coffee? —________. I really don’t mind. 巩固练习 one it Either whoever, one, it, much, either, nothing, that, another, which, others, those, none 4. ________ wants to stay in the European Union must have a child with the nationality of one of the EU member states. 5. Mark whispered so softly that ____ but Julie heard him. 6. They had gone to a great deal of expense for ________. Whoever nothing none whoever, one, it, much, either, nothing, that, another, which, others, those, none 7. This result is only slightly different from ________ obtained in the US. 8. That first hot dog tasted so good I’d like ________. 9. The museum, ______ we visited during the trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. 10. The cells of the body, especially ______ of the brain, can live only minutes without circulating blood. that another which those whoever, one, it, much, either, nothing, that, another, which, others, those, none 11. The couple had one biological child and adopted three ________. 12. We saw a film but I don’t remember ________ of it. others much