中考英语笔记知识点初三（3）

中考英语笔记知识点初三（3）

中考英语知识点归纳-初三年级（下）‎ ‎【知识梳理】 ‎ I. 重点短语 ‎1. beg one's pardon ‎2. multiply …by…‎ ‎3. slow down 4. wear out ‎ ‎5. try on ‎ ‎6. make a decision, ‎ ‎7. a place of interest ‎ ‎8. make a mistake ‎ ‎9. drop off ‎ ‎10. make up one's mind, 11. think about ‎12. at all, ‎ ‎13. at least ‎14. by the time ‎ ‎15. carry on ‎ ‎16. never mind ‎ ‎17. from now on ‎18. come down ‎ ‎19. hands up ‎ ‎20. before long，‎ ‎21. no one，‎ ‎22. not…any ‎ longer II. 重要句型 ‎1. be busy doing sth.‎ ‎2. prefer to do sth.‎ ‎3. regard... as...‎ ‎4. be pleased with sth./sb.‎ ‎5. be angry with sb.‎ III. 交际用语 ‎1. ---How much does… cost …? 2. ---It can cost as little as … yuan and as much as … yuan. 3. ---It costs …. 4. ---It's worth …. 5. ---I don't agree with ….‎ ‎6. ---I wasn't sure whether…. 7. ---I wonder if ….‎ ‎8. ---What size …? 9. ---Have you got any other colour / size / kind? 10. ---Have you got anything cheaper? 11. ---How much are they? 12. ---How much does it cost? 13. ---How much is it? 14. ---That's a bit expensive. 15. ---Even though they're a little expensive,‎ I'll take them. 16. ---I'll think about …. 17. ---I don't think I'll take ….‎ ‎18. ---I like ….‎ ‎19. ---I don't really like ….‎ ‎20. ---Can I help you, girl? 21. ---Would you like me to look in ‎ the back?‎ ‎22. ---We can find ….‎ ‎23. ---Do you like being …?‎ ‎24. ---Can I ask you some questions? ‎ ‎25. ---Sure. 26. ---It was great. 27. ---Wow! 28. ---Yeah!‎ ‎29. ---Oh dear!‎ ‎30. ---Hands up! ‎ ‎31. ---I’ll shoot anyone who moves. ‎ ‎32. ---There’s no need to thank me. ‎ ‎33. ---Can you remember anything else ‎ about him? ‎ ‎34. ---Come down, Polly!‎ ‎35. ---There is a little traffic accident． 36. ---There's a big traffic jam. 37. ---Well, I'm sure he'll be here ‎ before long. 38. ---I'm beginning to get angry with him! 39.---Yes, we can't wait any longer. Let's go without him. 40. ---That's terrible! 41. ---That's a really bad excuse! ‎ IV. 重要语法 ‎1. 过去将来时 ‎ ‎2. 过去完成时 ‎3. 动词不定式 ‎4. 定语从句 ‎【名师讲解】‎ ‎1. think/ think/about/ think of ‎(1) think 单独使用时表示"思考"， 接that 宾语从句时意为"认为"，"觉得"。‎ I am thinking how to work out theproblem. ‎ I think she is a good student. ‎ 当宾语从句含有否定概念时，通常形式上否定think ，但意义上却是否定宾语从句。‎ I don't think he can come.‎ I don't think it will be windy.‎ ‎(2)think about 可接一个名词，动词-ing形式或由疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句，意思是"考虑……"。 ‎ I have thought about it for a long time. Please think about how to tell her the bad news. ‎ ‎(3)think of 表示"认为"， 一般用于疑问句中，与what 连用。 What do you think of the TV play? = How do you like the TV play?‎ ‎2. big/ large/ great 上述形容词都表示"大"，但侧重点及程度不同。 (1) big指具体事物的大小，强调比正常形体的标准大，既可用在普通场合， 也可用在正式场合。它可用来指人的身材高大或"长大了"，还可表示"伟大"，"重要"之意。如： ‎ Can you lift up this big stone? On the last day I made a big decision.‎ ‎(2) large特别强调远远超过标准的大，指体积、面积、容积、数量之大。如： A whale is a large animal. A large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.‎ ‎(3) great除了表示数量体积之大外，又指抽象的程度，意味着伟大性，重要性，优越性；常用于抽象或无形的东西；用于有形的东西时，常带有"伟大"，"大得令人吃惊"等意思，含有一定的感情色彩。如：‎ China is a great country with a long ‎ history. ‎ He was one of the greatest scientists.‎ ‎3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay ‎ ‎(1) cost表示"花钱"，花费，付出（只能用于钱、精力、生命等；主语必须是物。）‎ The book cost me five yuan. ‎ ‎(2) take的主语是动词不定式, 通常用it做形式主语。 It took me five yuan to buy the book.. ‎ ‎(3) spend，在主动语句中主语是人 I spent five yuan on (for) the book.或I ‎ spent five yuan (in) buying the book. ‎ ‎(4) pay的主语是人。 I paid five yuan for the book. ‎ ‎4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low 这四个词在谈论到价格的高低时，要注意使用。expensive与high涉及到价格"高"，而cheap 与low涉及到价格"低"。 (1) expensive昂贵的，花钱多的。这个单词若谈到"价格高，货贵"时，其主语不能是价格，必须是货物、物品本身。如： This watch is expensive. 这只表很贵。 These glass-products are not expensive. 这些玻璃制品不是很值钱。‎ 注意：cheap表示"价廉"，"便宜的"，其主语也不能是价格，必须是物品本身。如： The cheap table was bought from him. 这张便宜的桌子是他卖给我们的。 This cloth doll is very cheap. 这只布娃娃很便宜。‎ ‎(2)high在表示价格时，含义是"高"，low在表示价格时，含义是"低"，这两个词不能用于物品本身，只能用在价格上。如：‎ The price of this watch is very high. 这只表的价格太高了。‎ The price of this book is not low for me.这本书的价格对我来说是不低。‎ 下面我们试看几个句子的正误对照： The price of this computer is expensive. (宜改为：This computer is expensive. 或The price of this computer is high. ) The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy. (宜改为：This pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 The price of this pen is not low for him. )‎ ‎5. alone/ lonely lonely 与alone的意思比较接近，但在使用时有所区别：‎ ‎(1)lonely用作形容词，意思是"孤单的；寂寞的"。可指心灵上的寂寞，也可指偏僻的地点。在句中既可作表语，也可作定语。‎ ‎(2)alone 可作形容词和副词，意思是"单独；独自"，不指心理上寂寞的感觉。 She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely. 她被带到一个荒岛上，自己居住，但她从不感到寂寞。‎ ‎6. before long/ long before ‎(1)before long 作“不久以后”讲，切不要按字面译为“长时间以前”或“好久以前”如：‎ We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我们希望不久（以后）就把实验做完。‎ ‎(2)long before 作"很久以前"讲。原意为"……以前很久"，故也可译为"老早"。long before 跟before long 不同，前者在其后面可以接名词或一个从句；当上下文明确时，名词或从句还可以省略。before long 则没有上述搭配用法。 They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before. ‎ 我们昨天开始做实验，但我们在那以前很久就已经做准备了。‎ ‎7. as/ when/ while ‎(1)as 是连词，意思是"当……的时候，一面……一面"，（强调同时，一般连续时间不长），如：‎ As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in. 正当我们谈论"泰坦尼克号"这部电影时，教师进来了。‎ The students sing as they go along. 学生们边走边唱。‎ ‎(2)when和as一样都是连词，注意它们的不同。如when"当……的时候"（一般表示动作紧接着发生）；"那时"（等立连词，前有逗号分开）‎ I stayed till sunset, when it began torain. 我一直呆到太阳下山，那时天开始下雨了。‎ ‎(3)while是"当……时候；和……同时"（强调同时发生，一般连续时间较长）‎ While I was watching TV, he was reading. 当我在看电视的时候，他正在看书。‎ While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。 ‎ ‎8. beat/win/ hit ‎ ‎(1)beat 是动词，意思是"连续地打; 打败; 敲打"。beat后可接人或队名。意思是"击败对手"。如：‎ ‎ I can beat you at swimming. ‎ ‎(2)win意思是"赢得某个项目"，后面常接"match, game"。如： He won a game. 他胜一局。 We won a match. 我们比赛得胜。‎ ‎(3)hit意思是"击中"（有时可表示"打一下"）。如： The mother hit her child out of anger. 妈妈生气，打了她孩子一下。‎ ‎9. keep doing/keep on doing ‎(1)keep doing侧重表示"持续不停地做某事"或"持续某种状态"。如：‎ The girl kept crying all the time. 那个女孩一直在哭。‎ The baby kept sleeping about four hours. 这个婴儿连续睡了大约四个小时。‎ ‎(2)keep on doing 表示"总不断做某事"，不表示静止状态。不能与sitting, sleeping, lying, standing这类词连用。如： It kept on raining for seven days. Don't keep on asking such silly questions. ‎ ‎10. get/ turn/ become 这三个词都可作系动词用，表示状态的变化，后跟表语，但三个词的用法稍有不同。get强调情感、气候和环境的变化；turn强调色彩的变化；而become则强调职务、职称等的变化。如： ‎ The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter．冬天的白天越来越短。 She couldn't answer the question and her face turned red．她回答不出问题，脸红了。 When did you become a teacher? ‎ ‎– Ten years ago.你什么时候当的老师？--十年前。‎ ‎11. steal / rob 从意思上讲steal表示偷窃的意思。而rob表示抢劫的意思；从搭配上来讲，steal用steal sth from sb/sth ;而rob则用rob sb/sth of sth， 例如：‎ He stole money from the rich to give it to the poor.They robbed the bank of one million dollars.‎ ‎12. see/look/watch/notice在英语中，see，look，watch，notice都有“看”的意思，要注意他们的区别。see意为“看到”，表示视觉器官有意识或无意识地看到物体，强调“看到”的结果。look意为“看”，表示有意识地观看，强调“看”的动作。watch意为“观看，注视”，指以较大的注 意力观看。notice意为“看到，注意到”，指有意识的注意，含有从不注意到注意的变化的意义。例如：‎ What can you see in the picture？在图画中你能看到什么？‎ Look! How happily they are playing！看！他们玩得多高兴啊！‎ He’s watched TV for over two hours．他看了两个多小时的电视。‎ He noticed a purse lying on the road．他注意到地上有个钱包。‎ ‎13. shoot/ shoot at shoot是及物动词，意思是“射中，射死”，宾语多为人或动物等。而shoot at是一个动词词组，意为“向……射击”，至于射中或射死与否不得而知。如：‎ The man shot five birds in the forest．那个人在森林里射死（中）了五只鸟。‎ The hunter shot at the bear．猎人朝熊射击了。‎ They shot at the she－wolf， but didn't shoot her．他们向那只母狼射击，但是没有射中／死。‎ ‎14. escape/ run away ‎(1)escape作“逃跑”、“逃脱”或“逃避”讲时，往往会有成功之意。如：‎ The old man escaped death．那个老人死里逃生。‎ The thief escaped from prison．那个小偷越狱了。 ‎ ‎(2)run away作“逃跑”、“跑走”讲时，往往强调动作。如：Don't let him run away． 别让他跑了。口语中escape和run away可以互用。‎ ‎15. so that.../ so... that...‎ ‎(1) so that....为了，以便 。引导一个目的状语从句，从句中往往有情态动词。也可引导一个结果状语从句。如：‎ I left at 5:00 so that I could catch the early bus. Speak loudly, so that they can hear what you say. He didn't study English so that he lost a chance to work in a foreign company.‎ ‎(2) so... that....既可引导一个结果状语从句，也可引导一个目的状语从句。 如：The classroom was so noisy that I could hardly study. I got up so early in the morning that I could catch the train.‎ ‎【考点扫描】‎ ‎1. 过去将来时； ‎ ‎2. 过去完成时；‎ ‎3. 动词不定式；‎ ‎4. 定语从句；‎ ‎5. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；‎ ‎6. 本单元学过的交际用语。‎