模拟演练08江苏高考英语3500词汇复习与检测解析版

模拟演练08江苏高考英语3500词汇复习与检测解析版

一、单项填空(从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项)‎ ‎1.A huge amount of environmental damage has been _______ by the destruction of the rainforests.‎ A. brought in B. brought up C. brought about D. brought down ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】bring in收获，得到，引进；bring up提出，抚养，教育；bring about引起，实现，导致，带来；bring down降低。句意：对热带雨林的破坏给环境带来了很大的危害。‎ ‎2.The two Chinese scientists have made a wonderful discovery, which marks a major _______ in the basic research in the field.‎ A. boom B. business C. burden D. breakthrough ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】繁荣，景气；business事务，事情；burden重担，重负，责任，义务；breakthrough突破。句意：这两个中国科学家做出重大发现，这标志着这个领域的重大突破。‎ ‎3.The government has taken measures to _______ the prices of daily necessities to keep the market stable. ‎ A. blow down B. break down C. bring about D. bring down ‎【答案】D ‎4.It was at that moment that I noticed the car was _______ up and down as if someone were jumping on it A. booming B. bouncing C. brushing D. braking ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】bounce弹起，bounce up and down上下颠簸。句意：就在那个时候我注意到那辆车在上下颠簸，好像有人在车上蹦跳似的。boom隆隆响；brush轻擦，掠过(某人/ 某物)；brake刹车。‎ ‎5.—Do you believe that difficult situations or hard experiences _______ the best qualities of a man?‎ ‎—There is no doubt about that.‎ A. bring in B. bring out C. bring forward D. bring up ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】bring in 引进；bring out使显出；bring forward 提出；bring up提出。句意：“你相信困难的处境或者艰苦的经历能显现出一个人好的品质吗？”“我深信不疑。”‎ ‎6.A government spokesperson on Friday called for China’s 500 million Internet users to _______ unconfirmed online rumors.‎ A. boycott B. bear C. advocate D. ban ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】boycott(联合)抵制；bear忍受，容忍；advocate提倡，拥护；ban禁止，取缔。句意：政府发言人周五要求中国5亿互联网用户联合抵制网络谣言。‎ ‎7.He is very aware of what topics he should and should not _______ at the conference.‎ A. bring back B. bring about C. bring up D. bring in ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】bring back送还，带回，使恢复；bring about引起，实现，导致，带来；bring up提出；bring in引进。句意：在会议上，他很清楚自己应该和不应该提出什么样的话题。‎ ‎8.We all _______ a sigh of relief when the news came whether no one was injured in the accident. ‎ A. balanced B. bore C. breathed D. blessed ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】breathe a sigh of relief：松了一口气，松了口气，宽慰地舒一口气。句意：当听到事故中没有人受伤的消息传来，我们大家都松了一口气。‎ ‎9.Here we found little snow, as most of it seemed to have been _______ the mountain.‎ A. blown up B. blown down C. blown off D. broken down ‎【答案】C ‎10.When the reached the top of the hill, they _______ so they had to stop for a rest.‎ A. held their breath B. got their breath back C. lost their breath D. out of breath ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】hold one’s breath屏住呼吸；get one’s breath back喘过气来；lose their breath喘不过气来；out of breath上气不接下气(不可以作谓语)。句意：当他到达山顶的时候，他们喘不过气来，因此他们不得不停下来休息一会。‎ ‎11.Curiosity is part of children’s nature. They always insist on getting to the _______ of everything.‎ A. brand B. background C. basis D. bottom ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】get to the bottom of“弄清……的底细”，符合语境。句意：好奇心是孩子们的天性，他们总喜欢刨根问底。‎ ‎12.At least 30 percent of the government speeches abandon _______ tones and embraced the most popular cyber words developed by Chinese netizens in the past year.‎ A. broken B. bureaucratic C. blind D. broad ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】broken违反的，不守约的，(语言)拙劣的，结结巴巴的；bureaucratic官僚的；blind盲目的；broad概括的。句意：至少百分之三十的政府演讲摒弃了官腔并接受中国网民在过去的一年中开发的最流行的网络词汇。‎ ‎13.The government had to _______ private houses to make room for new blocks of apartments.‎ A. blow up B. break up C. break down D. blow off ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】blow up(使)爆炸，炸掉，毁掉，炸毁，破坏，充气；break up分手；break down抛锚，出故障，失败，分解，中断；blow off吹掉。句意：政府不得不炸掉私人住宅为新公寓楼让出空间。‎ ‎14.It is beyond awkward when everyone around you _______ laughing at a joke that you do not find funny, especially if it’s a joke told in a foreign language. ‎ A. breaks out B. bursts out C. bursts into D. breaks into ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎15.Witnesses said the security forces use tear gas to _______ protests by about 200 people in Teheran, although this can’t be independently confirmed.‎ A. break out B. break down C. break up D. break through ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】break up“解散，驱散”，符合语境。句意：目击者说，安全部队使用催泪瓦斯驱散德黑兰参加抗议活动的200多人，尽管消息还没有得到可靠证实。学*科网 ‎16.When we go against what the inner voice say we feel guilty and are _______ by it throughout our lives.‎ A. bored B. buried C. blocked D. bothered ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】bother“麻烦，烦恼”，符合语境。句意：当我们违心的做了某件事情时，我们会有一种负罪感，并且在一生当中还会时时为这种感觉所烦恼。‎ ‎17.The international community should make every effort together to _______ the barriers of fear and unfriendliness which divide the two countries.‎ A. break out B. break down C. break through D. break into ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】break down“化解”，符合语境。句意：国际社会应该尽一切努力化解产生分歧的这两个国家之间的恐惧和敌对的障碍。‎ ‎18.The early warning of floods, _______ over the radio and on TV, spread quickly through the area.‎ A. brought B. burst C. broadcast D. backed ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】broadcast(broadcast, broadcast)“广播，报道”，符合语境。句意：关于洪水的早期警报，通过广播和电视的播送，快速地在这一区域传播开来。‎ ‎19.Modern forms of transportation and communication have done much to _______ the isolation(隔离)of life in Alaska.‎ A. break down B. break out C. break into D. break through ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】break through“突破”，符合语境。句意：现代形式的通讯和运输大大突破了阿拉斯加的孤立生活状态。‎ ‎20.—Do you like your new job, George?‎ ‎—Yes, everything is great and being able to walk to work is an added _______ for me.‎ A. bargain B. budget C. bonus D. balance ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】bargain便宜货；budget预算；bonus意外收获；balance平衡。句意：“乔治，你喜欢你的新工作吗？”“是的，一切都很好，能够步行去上班是这份新工作额外的好处。”‎ ‎21.The best way to deal with complex problems is to _______ them _______ into smaller problems.‎ A. break, down B. break, in C. break, out D. break, through ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】break...down into...“把……分解成……”，符合语境。句意：处理复杂问题的传统方法就是把他们分成小问题，更容易处理这些问题。‎ ‎22.Life is like a cup of tea. It won’t be _______ for a life time but for a short while anyway.‎ A. brilliant B. brief C. boring D. bitter ‎【答案】D ‎23.According to a recent survey, homework is what students most often _______ for their lack of sleep.‎ A. blame B. beg C. bid D. ache ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】blame...for sth.“因为某事怪罪”，符合语境。句意：根据最近的一项调查，家庭作业是学生最常因缺乏睡眠而归罪的原因。‎ ‎24.Many media seem to transform the wrong concept that being slim is being beautiful, so many teenagers are going on a diet _______ blindly.‎ A. bitterly B. blindly C. awfully D. badly ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】blindly“盲目地”，符合语境。句意：很多媒体似乎在传送错误的概念，身材苗条就是美，所以很多年轻人在盲目地节食。‎ ‎25.The professor could tell by the _______ look in Maris’s eyes that she didn’t understand a single word of his lecture. ‎ A. bored B. blank C. basic D. blonde ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】blank“茫然的，无表情的“，符合语境。句意：教授从玛丽茫然的眼神可以看出她根本听不懂他的演讲。‎ ‎26.Beijing has struggled with smog for years, which has _______ the sun and affected the health and quality of life of millions.‎ A. blown off B. left behind C. broken off D. blocked off ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎27.China Business Daily reported the 60% discounts on some Beijing-shanghai flights have now slipped back to 20% when _______ one day in advance.‎ A. bought     B. broadened       C. budgeted     D. booked ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】book“预定”，符合语境。句意：如果提前一天预订，从北京到上海的机票折扣从百分之60下降到百分之20。‎ ‎28.Nowadays more and more people regard traveling as part of their life, and Chinese transport has been strengthened for the holiday travel _______.‎ A. burden B. bounce C. budget D. boom ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】boom“繁荣，迅速发展”，符合语境。句意：现在越来越多的人把旅游当成生活的一部分，为了让假日旅游迅速发展，中国的交通也被进一步加强了。‎ ‎29.What makes the books so important is that because they appeal to readers of all ages, they create a special literary _______ between parents and children.‎ A. border B. brand C. boundary D. bond ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】bond“关系，纽带”，符合语境。句意：让这些书重要的是因为他们吸引了各个年龄段的读者，在父母和孩子之间创立了一种特殊的文学关系。‎ ‎30.At that time, all of us were trying to maintain a tight _______, and spending had to be kept to minimum for economic survival.‎ A. burden B. business C. budget D. bonus ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】根据spending一词可知，前面提到的应是开支预算，故要用budget。句意：当时我们所有的人都在努力压缩开支，为了在经济危机中生存下来，花销必须做到最少。‎ ‎31.Personally speaking, Chinese parents should encourage children more, getting their confidence to _______. ‎ A. break up B. bump up C. build up D. bring up ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】build up“逐步建立，增进”‎ ‎，符合语境。句意：就我个人而言，中国的父母们应该更多地鼓励孩子们，帮助他们逐步建立起自信心。‎ ‎32.A short man appeared suddenly in the doorway, and Dave had to pull up sharply so as to avoid _______ him.‎ A. bursting into B. bumping into C. breaking into D. bringing into ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】bump into“撞上，碰上”，符合语境。句意：一个矮个子男人突然出现在门口，为了不撞到他，戴维不得不快速停下来。‎ ‎33.Nowadays senior high school students are _______ too many expectations, which is making them less and less confident.‎ A. bent on B. burdened with C. beneficial to D. buried in ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】be burdened with“负担着……”，符合语境。句意：如今的高中生背负着太多的期望，使他们越来越不自信了。‎ ‎34.Don’t be afraid of difficulties. They can help you accumulate experience, and experience can, in return, _______ your horizons.‎ A. bounce B. broaden C. burden D. boom ‎【答案】B ‎35.The development of technology and many people’s _______ need make to clone or not to clone a human being no long an academic question but a real problem many governments face.‎ A. boiling B. boring C. burning D. born ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】burning“急切的，(欲望等)炽烈的，强烈的”，符合语境。句意：技术的发展和人们的强烈需求使得是否克隆人类不再是一个学术上的问题，而是一个很多政府面对的难题。‎ 二、完形填空(从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项)‎ The room in the workhouse where the boys were fed was a large stone hall, and at one end the master and two women served the food. This ___1___ a bowl of thin soup three times a day, with a piece of bread on Sundays. The boys ate ___2___ and were always hungry. The bowls never needed ___3___. The boys polished them with their spoons until they ___4___. After three months of this slow starvation, one of the boys told the others that so hungry was he ___5___ one night he might eat the ___6___ sleeping next to him. He had a wild ___7___ eye, and the other boys ___8___ him. After a long ___9___, they decided that one of them should ask for more food after supper that evening, and Oliver was ___10___.‎ The evening arrived; the soup was served, and the bowls were ____11____ again in a few seconds. Oliver went ‎ up to the master, with his bowl in his hand. He felt very ___12___, but also ___13___ with hunger.‎ ‎“Please, sir, I want some more.”‎ The master was a fat, healthy man, but he turned very pale. He looked at the little boy in front of him with ___14___. Nobody else spoke.‎ ‎“What?” he asked at last, in a ___15___ voice.‎ ‎“Please, sir,” replied Oliver, “I want some more.”‎ The master ___16___ him with the serving spoon, then seized Oliver’s arms and ___17___ for the beadle(执事). The beadle came quickly, heard the terrible news, and immediately ran to tell the board.‎ ‎“He asked for me?” Mr Limbkins, the fattest board member, asked in ___18___. “Is this really true?”‎ ‎___19___, Oliver was led away to be locked up, and a(n) ___20___ of five pounds was offered to anybody who would take him away and use him for work.‎ 语篇解读：本文是英国作家狄更斯于1838年出版的长篇写实小说《雾都孤儿》的一部分，文章描述了主人公奥利弗在孤儿院的悲惨经历。‎ ‎1.A. belonged to B. accounted for C. consisted of D. turned to ‎【答案】C ‎2.A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】A. everything所有东西；B. anything任何东西；C. nothing没有东西；D. something某样东西。句意：孩子们把碗里的东西吃得一干二净，还是饥肠辘辘。男孩子们把所有食物吃完，故选A。‎ ‎3.A. cleaning B. buying C. changing D. washing ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】A. cleaning清洁；B. buying买；C. changing改变；D. washing洗。联系下句The boys polished them with their spoons(孩子们用勺子把碗刮得锃亮)，可知“碗从不需要刷洗”，故选D。‎ ‎4.A. finished B. shone C. slept D. starved ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】A. finished完成；B. shone闪亮；C. slept睡觉；D.‎ ‎ starved饥饿。句意：孩子们用勺子把碗刮得锃亮。根据句意可知选B。学*科网 ‎5.A. that B. until C. when D. before ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：这样缓慢的挨饿持续了三个月后，一天，一个男孩跟别的男孩子说他太饿了，没准哪天晚上他会吃了睡在他边上的人。本题考查固定结构so…that…如此……以至于。故选A。‎ ‎6.A. master B. boy C. bowls D. spoons ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】A. master主人；B. boy男孩；C. bowls碗；D. spoons勺子。这里的意思是一个男孩跟别的男孩子说他太饿了，没准哪天晚上他会吃了睡在他边上的男孩。故选B。‎ ‎7.A. big B. angry C. hungry D. bad ‎【答案】C ‎8.A. believed B. hated C. feared D. trusted ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】A. believed相信，认为；B. hated讨厌；C. feared害怕；D. trusted信任。句意：他那饥饿得发狂的眼神，让别的男孩相信了他的话。故选A。‎ ‎9.A. quarrel B. bargain C. argument D. discussion ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】A. quarrel争吵；B. bargain讨价还价，便宜货；C. argument争论；D. discussion讨论。句意：经过长时间的商量，他们决定必须有一个人在当天晚饭后，去请求多给点儿吃的。根据句意可知选D。‎ ‎10.A. chosen B. determined C. elected D. recognized ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】A. chosen选择；B. determined决定；C. elected选举；D. recognized识别，辨认。联系下文，奥利弗去向主人要吃的，可知他被选中了。故选A。‎ ‎11.A. available B. empty C. blank D. broken ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】A. available可用的；B. empty空的；C. blank空白的；D. broken坏了的。句意：天黑了，开晚饭后，没有几秒钟，孩子们的碗就又一干二净了。故选B。‎ ‎12.A. frightened B. shy C. brave D. worried ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】A. frightened害怕的；B. shy害羞的；C. brave勇敢的；D. worried担心的。奥利弗站了起来，手里捧着碗，心惊胆战地朝管事的走了过去。根据语境可知选A。‎ ‎13.A. pleased B. hopeful C. exhausted D. desperate ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】A. pleased高兴的；B. hopeful怀有希望的；C. exhausted疲惫的；D. desperate绝望的，铤而走险的，孤注一掷的。因为极度饥饿，即使害怕也要铤而走险。故选D。‎ ‎14.A. amusement B. amazement C. intension D. appreciation ‎【答案】B ‎15.A. calm B. clear C. faint D. cautions ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】A. calm镇静的；B. clear清楚的；C. faint无力的，微弱的，无勇气的；D. cautions小心的，谨慎的。句意：“什么？”他最后用无力的声音问道。联系四个选项，用faint最恰当。故选C。‎ ‎16.A. treated B. greeted C. hit D. warned ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】A. treated对待，治疗；B. greeted问候；C. hit打；D. warned警示，警告。联系下句then seized Oliver’s arms可知管事的用盛粥的勺子向奥利弗打去。故选C。‎ ‎17.A. sent B. shouted C. asked D. begged ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】A. sent派遣，派送；B. shouted呼喊；C. asked问；D. begged祈求。下句执事立刻来了，可知管事的大声呼喊执事。故选B。‎ ‎18.A. curiosity B. frustration C. sadness D. horror ‎【答案】D ‎19.A. Therefore B. However C. Besides D. Eventually ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】A. Therefore因此；B. However但是，然而；C. Besides另外；D. Eventually最终。句意：最后，奥利弗被带走，锁在一间屋子里。根据句意可知选D。‎ ‎20.A. punishment B. reward C. award D. bonus ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】A. punishment惩罚；B. reward报酬，奖赏；C. award奖品，裁定；D. bonus红利，奖金，额外津贴。句意：5英镑的奖励给任何把这孩子领去干活的人。故选B。‎ 三、任务型阅读(请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填上一个最恰当的词)‎ When it’s Not Quite a Wonderful Life A 2011 study by researchers might make you think twice about holiday difficult emotions. They followed dozens of bus drivers for two weeks, looking to see when they flashed fake versus sincere smiles at their passengers. The results showed that on days when the drivers tried to put on an act and pretend to be in a good mood, their actual moods got worse. This was especially true for women. And another research suggests that people who really want to be happy actually obtain less happiness from positive experiences, apparently because their expectations are too high. Again and again, trying to gain happiness despite no preference seems to have the opposite result.‎ The results of the bus-driver study can be explained by researchers Oliver John and James Gross, who found that negative feelings like sadness or anger only intensify when we try to suppress(压制)them. That’s because we feel bad about ourselves when our outward appearance contradicts how we truly feel inside. What’s more, when we suppress emotions like sadness, we deny them the important function they serve. If we don’t recognize sadness we might not take the necessary steps to improve the situation. Expressing our sadness can also get comfort and compassion from those who care about us, strengthening our bonds.‎ Recently, scientists have also been paying special attention to the benefits of mindfulness. When you respond mindfully to an emotional trigger(诱因), you pause rather than reacting, and then you can escape getting troubled by thoughtfulness. Rather than scold yourself, you simply notice what you’re feeling without judging that response as right or wrong. Studies suggest that a mindful response to a negative event reduces the amount of sadness we experience, is associated with less depression and anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits, such as lowering our heart rates.‎ Unavoidably, the holidays will bring a mix of highs and lows. Perhaps the most important lesson to keep in mind is that this variety of emotions might be the best thing possible for your overall well-being.‎ That was the key insight from a study published in 2014 by a team of researchers from Yale University. Their survey of more than 37,000 people found that, after experiencing a greater variety and abundance of emotions consistently linked to lower depression, people took less medication, visited doctors less frequently, spent fewer days in hospitals, practiced better dietary and exercise habits, and smoked less.‎ In other words, sadness, anger, and other difficult emotions are like so many other parts of the holidays, they’re nothing to fear. Just make sure you’re balancing them with lighter experiences.‎ When it’s Not Quite a Wonderful Life Main Content Detailed information Research findings about negative feelings ‎●A study on bus drivers shows pretending to be in a good mood leads to an ‎ ‎1______ result.‎ ‎●Another research suggests the 2______ expectations we have, the less happiness we obtain.‎ ‎●Two other researchers found suppressing negative feelings only intensify them, due to the 3______between outward appearance and inward feelings.‎ ‎●If we 4______ the function negative feelings serve, we won’t recognize them or take measures to improve the situation.‎ ‎●Expressing negative feelings makes us feel comforted and sympathized, thus betters our relationship.‎ A 5______ to dealing with negative feelings: a mindful response to them The 6_______ of mindfulness:‎ ‎●When we respond mindfully to an emotional trigger, we pause rather than reacting.‎ ‎●We simply notice what we’re feeling without judging that response as right or wrong, instead of 7______ ourselves.‎ The benefits of mindfulness:‎ ‎●It 8______ us from trouble.‎ ‎●It reduces the amount of sadness, depression and anxiety.‎ ‎●It brings in physiological benefits, such as lowering our heart rates.‎ A correct attitude towards negative feelings ‎●A study published in 2014 found experiencing various emotions results in less medication, fewer doctor 9______, fewer days in hospitals, less smoking and better dietary and exercise habits. In other words, it does good to our overall well-being.‎ ‎●Consequently, we should not fear negative feelings. Just be sure to 10______ them with lighter experiences.‎ 语篇解读：我们对情绪的期望值越高，往往效果更差。那些消极的情绪并不可怕，我们不必隐藏不必假装，只需积极回应平衡情绪。学*科网 ‎1.【答案】opposite/opposing ‎2.【答案】higher ‎【解析】信息归纳题。根据第一段And another research suggests that people who really want to be happy actually obtain less happiness from positive experiences可知对快乐的期望值越高，得到的快乐越少。故填higher。‎ ‎3.【答案】contradiction ‎【解析】信息转换题。根据第二段That’s because we feel bad about ourselves when our outward appearance contradicts how we truly feel inside.可知抑制消极情绪只会使它们加强，这是因为外表和内心所想之间的矛盾。故填“矛盾”contradiction。‎ ‎4.【答案】deny/refuse/reject ‎【解析】信息查找或信息转换题。根据第二段when we suppress emotions like sadness, we deny them the important function they serve.可知当我们抑制消极情绪时，我们就否认了其重要功能。表示“否定，否认”，故填deny/refuse/reject。‎ ‎5.【答案】solution ‎【解析】信息归纳题。根据第三段Studies suggest that a mindful response to a negative event reduces the amount of sadness we experience可知留心的回应是解决消极情绪的一种方法，故填solution。‎ ‎6.【答案】interpretation/meaning/explanation ‎7.【答案】scolding/blaming ‎【解析】信息转换题。根据第三段Rather than scold yourself, you simply notice what you’re feeling without judging that response as right or wrong.可知不用责备自己，只需注意自己的感觉。故填scolding/blaming。‎ ‎8.【答案】saves/frees ‎ ‎【解析】信息归纳题。根据第三段When you respond mindfully to an emotional trigger(诱因) , you pause rather than reacting, and then you can escape getting troubled by thoughtfulness.可知思考能帮我们远离麻烦，故填saves/frees。‎ ‎9.【答案】visits ‎【解析】信息转换题。根据倒数第二段after experiencing a greater variety and abundance of emotions consistently linked to lower depression, people took less medication, visited doctors less frequently, spent fewer days in hospitals, practiced better dietary and exercise habits, and smoked less.中的visited doctors less frequently可知填visits。‎ ‎10.【答案】balance ‎【解析】信息转换题。根据最后一句Just make sure you’re balancing them with lighter experiences.可知要平衡不良情绪和经历之间的关系，故填balance。‎