高考英语二轮复习与策略第1部分专题1单项填空第2讲非谓语从句讲练

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高考英语二轮复习与策略第1部分专题1单项填空第2讲非谓语从句讲练

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 第二讲 非谓语动词 1.(2016·江苏高考,28)In art criticism,you must assume the artist has a secret message ________ within the work. A.to hide B.hidden C.hiding D.being hidden B [考查非谓语动词。句意:进行艺术评论时,你得假设艺术家在作品中藏了一个隐秘 信息。四个选项都是 hide 的非谓语动词形式,关键看 a secret message 和 hide 是什么关 系。它们是被动关系,故选 B 项 hidden 作后置定语。D 项 being hidden 虽然也表被动,但 还表进行,与语境不符。] 2.(2015·江苏高考,24)Much time ________ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. A.being spent B.having spent C.spent D.spending C [考查独立主格结构。句意:由于办公室职员在书桌前坐得太久,所以他们普遍被健 康问题困扰。time 和 spend 之间为被动关系,故用过去分词形式。] 3.(2014·江苏高考,29)The lecture ________,a lively question-and-answer session followed. A.being given B.having given C.to be given D.having been given D [考查独立主格结构的用法。句意:演讲结束后,气氛热烈的问答环节随之而来。由 短语 give a lecture 可知,the lecture 和 give 是被动关系,故排除 B 项。由 a...session followed 可知,作演讲的动作已经结束,故用 D 项 having been done 构成独立主格结构。 A 项 being given 表示“正在……”,C 项 to be given 表示“将要……”,均不符合句意。] 4.(2016·北京高考,26)________ it easier to get in touch with us,you'd better keep this card at hand. A.Made B.Make C.Making D.To make D [考查非谓语动词。句意:为了更便于联系我们,你最好将这张卡片放在身边。分析 句子结构可知,空格处作状语,且表示目的,故选 D 项动词不定式 To make。] 5.(2016·北京高考,28)________ over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 A.Ordering B.To order C.Having ordered D.Ordered D [考查非谓语动词。句意:这些书是一个多星期以前订购的,现在有望随时到货。句 中 the books 与 order 是被动关系,应用过去分词表被动和完成,故选 D 项。] 【导学号:57732002】 6.(2016·北京高考,32)Newly-built wooden cottages line the street,________ the old town into a dreamland. A.turn B.turning C.to turn D.turned B [考查非谓语动词。句意:新建的木屋排列在街道两旁,把这座古老的城镇变成了梦 幻的世界。题中动词 line(沿……排列成行)是谓语动词,所以 turn 就只能用非谓语动词形 式;句子主语 newly-built wooden cottages 与 turn 是主动关系,故用现在分词作伴随状 语。] 7.(2016·浙江高考,10)To return to the problem of water pollution,I'd like you to look at a study ________ in Australia in 2012. A.having conducted B.to be conducted C.conducting D.conducted D [考查过去分词(短语)作定语。句意:为了再讨论一下水污染的问题,我想让大家看 一项 2012 年在澳大利亚进行的研究。a study 与 conduct 之间是被动关系,故用过去分词 短语作后置定语。本题中 return to 是正式用语,表示“再讨论,重新处理(某个主题)”之 意。] 8.(2016·浙江高考,19)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do ________ with students. A.working B.work C.to work D.worked A [考查非谓语动词。句意:航海的乐趣与我现在和学生一起上课的乐趣一样多。题干 中的 do 指代前面的 have fun,have fun doing sth.做某事很开心,是固定搭配,故选 A。] 9.(2016·天津高考,4)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, ________ air conditioning unnecessary. A.making B.to make C.made D.being made A [考查非谓语动词。句意:凉爽的风通过我们卧室的窗户吹进来,没有必要吹空调了。 题中 swept 是谓语动词,所以 make 只能用非谓语动词形式;句子主语 the cooling wind 与 make 是主动关系,故用现在分词作结果状语。B 项 to make 也可以作结果状语,但表示 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 出乎意料的结果,不符合语境。] 10.(2015·安徽高考,27)________the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. A.Ignore B.Ignoring C.Ignored D.Having ignored B [考查非谓语动词。句意:忽视这两个研究结果的不同将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。 从 will be one of the worst mistakes you make 来看,will 的前面部分是主语,因此用 v.-ing 短语作主语。这里表达一般情况,因此不用完成式。] 一、非谓语动词的各种形式 非谓语动词根据其表示动作的发生时间和表示的意义可以有不同的形式。 非谓语动词 形式 不定式 一般式:to do/to be done 进行式:to be doing 完成式:to have done/to have been done 否定式:not to do v.-ing 形式 一般式:doing/being done 完成式:having done/having been done 否定式:not doing 过去分词形式 否定式:not done 二、非谓语动词的句法功能 1.非谓语动词作主语 作主语的可以是不定式和动名词。 非谓语动词 用法 不定式 往往表示一次性的、具体的动作 常用 it 作形式主语,而把不定式后置 动名词 表示一般或抽象的行为 有时也可用 it 作形式主语,但仅限于几个句型 ①It is a great honor to be invited to speak here. ②Playing the piano is my hobby. It is no good telling him the news. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 注意:it 作形式主语代替动名词常出现在 It is no use/good doing...,It is useful doing...,It is a waste of time doing...等句式里。 2.非谓语动词作宾语 作宾语的可以是不定式和动名词,但是不定式一般不作介词的宾语 (1)介词后常常接 v.-ing 形式作宾语 After being painted and furnished,the house will be used for a nursery. (2)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语 decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish; refuse,manage,care,pretend; offer,promise,choose,plan; agree,ask/beg,help 请牢记下面的口诀: 决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。 此外,afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten 等也要用不定式作宾语。 (3)下列动词或词组只能用动名词作宾语 consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardon; admit,delay/put off,fancy(想象,设想); avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice; deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate; forbid,imagine,risk; can't help(禁不住),mind,allow/permit,escape 请牢记下面的口诀: 考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡。 此外,be used/accustomed to,lead to,devote to,go back to,stick to,object to,get down to,pay attention to,can't stand(无法忍受),give up,feel like,insist on,thank you for,apologize for,be busy(in),have difficulty/trouble(in),have a good/wonderful/hard time(in),spend time(in)等短语后也要用动名词作宾语。 (4)下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别: mean to do sth.打算做某事 doing sth.意味着做某事 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做) doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做) regret to do sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾(未做) doing sth.对做过的事表示后悔(已做) try to do sth.尽力去做某事 doing sth.试着做某事 go on to do sth.继续做另一件事 doing sth.继续做原来做的事 remember to do sth.记着去做某事(未做) doing sth.记着做了某事(已做) (5)动词 want,need,require 意为“需要”时,后面跟 v.-ing 的主动式或动词不定 式的被动式作宾语,意义相同。 The flowers need/want/require watering/to be watered. (6)跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可且意义差别不大的动词 like,love,prefer,hate, begin,start,intend,continue 等。 She started playing(to play)the violin when she was four. 3.非谓语动词作表语 作表语的可以是不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。 非谓语动词 用法 不定式 表示某一特定行为,尤其是将来的或有待实现的行为 动名词 不强调动作,只说明动作的名称或主语的内容 现在分词 表示主语具有的特征 过去分词 表示主语的感受或所处的状态 My wish is to be a scientist. The most important thing is to put the theory into practice. What she likes is watching the children play. The reason he gave was very convincing. He is shocked at what happened to his son. 4.非谓语动词作补足语 作补足语的可以是不定式、现在分词和过去分词。 非谓语动词 用法 不定式 表示动作的全过程或经常性、反复性的动作 现在分词 表示一个主动、正在进行的动作 过去分词 表示一个被动或完成的动作 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 The mother urged the little boy to go to bed. I caught him reading my private letters. He went home happily with his homework finished. 注意:大多数动词后用带 to 的不定式作补足语,但表示“看、听、感觉”意义的动词 及使役动词 have,make,let 后用不带 to 的不定式作补足语。 5.非谓语动词作定语 作定语的可以是不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。 非谓语动词 用法 不定式 一般位于被修饰词之后,表示发生在谓语动词之后的动作,若表示已经发生 的动作,名词前多用形容词、分词、序数词等修饰 动名词 一般位于被修饰词之前,说明被修饰词的用途 现在分词 表示主动、正在进行的意义 过去分词 表示被动、完成的意义 Are you going to attend the meeting to be held in the hall? There is much that can be done about the problem arising from carelessness. Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. 注意:名词 ability,chance,way 等及有序数词修饰的名词后多用不定式作定语。作 定语的不定式若是不及物动词其后需搭配适当的介词。 6.非谓语动词作状语 作状语的可以是不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 非谓语 动词 用法 不定式 一般式表示的动作与句子主语是主动关系,且含有将来意义 可表示原因、目的、结果等 表示目的可置于句首,表示原因、结果置于句末 表示结果时一般含有出人意料之意,和前句之间往往有因果关系 现在分 词 分词表示的动作与句子主语是主动关系,且含有进行意义 可表示时间、原因、结果、伴随等 表示结果置于句末,其他情况置于句末、句首均可 表示结果时含有“顺其自然而产生”之意,和前句之间往往有因果关系 过去分 词 分词表示的动作与句子主语有被动关系,且含有完成意义 可表示时间、原因、方式、条件等,置于句首、句末均可 To pass the College Entrance Examination,we must work hard. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 I was surprised to find him here. Being busy,she didn't reply to her father's letter. Having been told the meeting was cancelled,I went home after work. The plane crashed,killing all the people on board. Born into a poor family,he had only two years of schooling. Encouraged by his teacher , he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties. 注意:only/just to...表示意想不到的结果;too...to...“太……而不能……”; so/such...as to...“如此……以至于……”;enough(for sb.)to“(对某人来说)足够做 某事”等是几种常用不定式表示结果的结构。 三、非谓语动词的独立结构 非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致,即句子的主语必须是非谓语动 词所表示的动作的执行者或承受者。但有时候无论非谓语动词采用哪种形式都不能使其逻辑 主语与句子的主语一致,此时非谓语动词需带有自己的主语,即构成“名词/代词+不定式/ 现在分词/过去分词”形式的独立结构。 1.名词/代词+to do 动作没有发生,表示动作即将发生。 With so much homework to do,Tom looks sad. 2.名词/代词+v.-ing 形式 两者之间是主动关系,或表示动作正在进行。 The students seating themselves,the professor began his lecture. 3.名词/代词+v.-ed 形式 两者之间是被动关系,或表示动作已结束。 Her glasses broken,she couldn't see the road clearly. 1.(2016·江苏盐城市三模)Our car________engine trouble,we stopped for the night at a roadside rest area. A.developed B.being developed C.having developed D.to develop C [考查非谓语动词。句意:由于我们的小汽车的发动机已经出毛病了,我们在路边的 休息区停下住了一夜。develop 后有宾语 engine trouble,our car 是 develop 的动作执行 者,且动作先于主句谓语动词发生,应用现在分词的完成时构成独立主格结构。故选 C。] 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 2.(2016·泰州市二模)—Johnson is said to be the first young teacher________to professor in your university this year. —Exactly.________of his own competence is an important factor in his success. A.promoted;Convincing B.to have been promoted;Convincing C.promoted;Convinced D.to have been promoted;Being convinced D [考查非谓语动词。句意:——约翰逊据说是今年你们大学晋级教授的第一位年轻教 师。——是的。他对自己能力的自信心是他成功的一个重要因素。teacher 被 the first 修 饰,一般只能用不定式作定语,排除 A 和 C。be convinced of sth. 对……有信心,第二 空应用动名词短语作主语,故选 D。] 3.(2016·南通、扬州、淮安、泰州三次调研)—What did David demand in the meeting just now? —________a chance to join the Debating Club. A.Being offered B.Having been offered C.To be offered D.To have been offered C [考查非谓语动词。句意:——刚才在会上大卫要求什么?——提供一个参加辩论俱 乐部的机会。答语是回答的 what,将答语变成:David demanded to be offered a chance to join the Debating Club in the meeting just now.。demand 后跟不定式作宾语,句 子的主语 David 是 offer 的动作承受者,应用不定式的被动式作宾语,由于 offer 动作在将 来发生,应用不定式的被动式。故选 C。] 4.(2016·南通市二次调研)—A new bridge is reported ________across the river in your hometown. —Yes,and it brings us great convenience. A.to be building B.to be built C.to have built D.to have been built D [考查非谓语动词。句意:——据报道你的家乡已经建起一座新的横跨大河的大桥。 ——是的,它给我们带来了很大的方便。be reported 后跟不定式的不同形式,表达不同含 义。根据题干,桥已经被建成,且桥是 build 的动作承受者,应用不定式的被动完成式。故 选 D。] 5.(2016·南通市二次调研)All the photos in the report are provided by the Students' Union,unless otherwise________. A.noted B.being noted C.to be noted D.having been noted 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 A [考查非谓语动词。句意:如果没有特别说明,报道中的所有照片都由学生会提供。 当句子的主语与状语从句的主语一致时,一般可采用连词与分词连用的方式。photos 是 note 的动作承受者,故用过去分词。因动作已经发生,表示现在的状态,采用过去分词。故选 A。] 6.(2016·启东中学高三下学期调研)Much disappointed as he is________in the job interview,he still keeps his confidence. A.to have failed B.failed C.having failed D.failing A [考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管他很失望在工作面试中失败,但是他仍然保持充足的 自信心。根据词组 be disappointed to do sth.因为某事很失望。由于 fail 的动作先于 be disappointed 发生,应用不定式的完成式。故选 A。] 7.(2016·苏、锡、常、镇四市调研)—Why are you so familiar with my close friend Nipple? —Yeah,I happen,believe it or not,________him in a packed trip. A.to meet B.to be meeting C.to have met D.to be met C [考查非谓语动词。句意:——你为什么对我亲密的朋友 Nipple 那么熟悉?——耶, 信不信由你,我碰巧在一次背包旅行中遇见的他。happen 碰巧,后跟不定式作宾语,meet 的动作先于 happen 发生,应用不定式的完成式。故选 C。] 8.(2016·江苏宿迁市三模)Mr.Mathew,fully________of his son's innocence,began to seek new evidence which would persuade the police to reopen their investigation. A.convincing B.convinced C.to convince D.to be convinced B [考查非谓语动词。句意:Mathew 先生完全相信他儿子是无罪的,开始搜寻以说服 警察重新调查的新证据。be convinced of 确信,此处是非谓语动词作原因状语,Mr.Mathew 是 convince 的动作承受者。故选 B。] 【导学号:57732003】 9.(2016·江苏宿迁市三模)With the 2022 World Cup final in Qatar________on December 18,the public fixed sights on the Arab nation,causing the concern of the intense summer heat. A.taking place B.having taken place C.to take place D.to have taken place C [考查非谓语动词。句意:2022 年的世界杯将在 12 月 18 日在卡塔尔举行,公众都 将目光关注在阿拉伯民族身上,这引起了人们对夏季酷热的担心。take place 为不及物动 词词组,表示动作在将来发生应该用不定式的一般式。故选 C。] 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 10 10.(2016·南京市、盐城市二模)Flocks of customers joined Alibaba Singles Day, Hong Kong,the U.S.and Russia________the top three outside. A.claimed B.to be claimed C.claiming D.being claimed C [考查非谓语动词。句意:成群的顾客加入了阿里巴巴的光棍节,香港、美国和俄罗 斯成为(大陆)以外的前三甲。Hong Kong,the U.S.and Russia 是 claim 的动作执行者, 应用现在分词短语与修饰词构成独立主格结构。故判断选 C。] 11.(2016·淮安市二次调研)The three travelers finally reached the home of Bertha's mother around dusk,________ 65 miles in less than 12 hours. A.covering B.having covered C.to cover D.to have covered B [考查非谓语动词。句意:三位旅行者最后大约在黄昏时到了 Bertha 的母亲的家, 在不到十二小时里走了六十五英里。cover 与 three travelers 是主动关系,并且发生在句 子谓语动词动作之前,应用现在分词的完成时,故选 B。] 12.Betty________to be a teacher at the school,but the fates seemed to decide otherwise. A.hoped B.had hoped C.has hoped D.has been hoping B [考查非谓语动词。句意:贝蒂原来希望成为一名学校的教师,但命运似乎对她另有 安排。英语中过去完成时 had hoped,had wanted,had wished,had expected 等结构,表 示“本来希望(或想要),但实际没有发生”的意思。] 13.(2016·南通市二模)The local government has already collected three million dollars,________for the environment improvement. A.intended B.intending C.to intend D.to be intended A [考查非谓语动词。句意:当地政府已收集三百万美元打算改善环境。three million dollars 和 intend 是被动关系,用动词的过去分词形容词化,短语 be intended for sth. 打算……,故选 A 项。] 14.(2016·南通市二模)Who do the passengers on board think it is up to ________ a final decision about such a matter? A.make B.making C.to make D.to be making C [考查非谓语动词。句意:车上的乘客认为该由谁对于这样的事情做出最后的决定? It is up to sb.to do sth.由某人来决定做某事。排除 A、B,表示将要发生的动作,而不 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 11 表示正在进行的动作,并且 who 是 more 的执行者所以要用不定式的主动式,故选 C 项。] 15.(2016·南京市三模)Acceptance is not about liking a situation.It is about acknowledging all that has been lost and ________ to live with that loss. A.learning B.learned C.to learn D.having learned A [考查非谓语动词。句意:接受不是喜欢一种状况。它是关于承认所有已经失去的和 学会带着那种损失生活下去。题干中 acknowledging 和 learning 作 about 的并列宾语,故 选 A。]
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