高考英语一轮复习精讲精练学案系列选修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions

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高考英语一轮复习精讲精练学案系列选修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions Ⅰ.重要单词聚焦 ‎1. n.  专利,证书,专利权 ‎2. vi.& vt. 显示……的差别;使……有所不同;辨别 ‎3. n. 产品 ‎4. adj. 突然的;意外的 ‎5. adj. 便利的;方便的;就近的 ‎6. n. 小心;谨慎 ‎7. n. 预料;期待;期望 patent distinguish product abrupt convenient caution expectation ‎8. vt. 抓住;捉住;夺 ‎9. n. 认出;认可;承认 ‎10. n. (评判的)标准;尺度 ‎11. n. 文件;档案;文件夹 ‎12. adj. 熟的;成熟的 ‎13. adj. 冰冻的;严寒的 ‎14. vt. 忍受;忍耐;负担 ‎15. n. 堵塞;阻塞;果酱 ‎16. vt. 轻打;轻拍;轻敲 ‎ n. 轻轻的敲击(声);(水)龙头 seize recognition criterion file ripe freezing bear jam tap ‎17. n. (水或气)流;电流 ‎     adj. 现在的;当前的 ‎18. adj. 稳固的;稳定的;安定的 ‎19. vt. 联想;联系 ‎20. adj. 实际的;实践的;实用的 current stable associate practical Ⅱ.重点短语扫描 ‎1.call 给……打电话 ‎2.now then 偶尔;有时 ‎3.set 开始;着手 ‎4.dive 迅速把手伸入;一心投入 ‎5.set (to do) 开始(做)‎ ‎6. on 不挂断;稍等;紧紧握住 ‎7.out of 次序颠倒;发生故障 ‎8.get 设法联系上(尤指打通电话);‎ ‎ (设法)做完;通过 up and about into out hang order through ‎9.ring 回复电话 ‎10.ring 挂断电话 back off Ⅲ.课文原句突破 ‎1.Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.‎ ‎[信息提取] distinguish oneself使自己扬名。‎ ‎[例句仿写] 这个人因智慧而扬名。‎ The man________ ________ ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎【答案】 distinguished himself by his wisdom ‎2.I’m sorry,but this phone is out of order.‎ ‎[信息提取] be out of order坏了,有毛病。‎ ‎[例句仿写] 咱们的冰箱又坏了,我们别修它了,最好买一个新的。‎ Our refrigerator________ ________ ________ ________ ________.We’d better buy a new one________ ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎【答案】 is out of order again;instead of repairing it ‎3.But once picked up,they tried to bite me.‎ ‎[信息提取] once picked up为“连接词+过去分词”结构,相当于once they were picked up。once引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎[例句仿写] 一旦打开,这些食物就必须在三天内吃完。‎ ‎________ ________,the food must be eaten up within three days.‎ ‎【答案】 Once opened ‎4.The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.‎ ‎[信息提取] unless连词,意为“除非,如果不……”。‎ ‎[例句仿写] 如果你不马上走,就会迟到的。‎ ‎________ ________ ________ ________ ________,you will be late.‎ ‎【答案】 Unless you go at once distinguish ‎(1)vi.& vt.辨别;显示……的差别 You should learn to distinguish between right and wrong.‎ 你应学会明辨是非。‎ The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other.这对孪生儿长得很像,没有人能分辨得出哪个是哪个。‎ ‎(2)distinguish oneself引人注目,出名 He distinguished himself by bravery.‎ 他以勇猛出名。‎ Yao‎ Ming has already distinguished himself as an athlete.‎ 作为运动员姚明已享有盛名。‎ He is distinguished for his knowledge of economics.‎ 他在经济学方面的知识是卓越的。‎ ‎1.Color blind people often find it difficult to________between blue and green.‎ A.separate     B.distinguish C.compare D.contrast ‎【解析】 句意为:色盲的人经常感到很难区分蓝色和绿色。separate分离,分开,但与between不能连用。distinguish between分辨,辨别;compare (to/with)比较,对照;contrast (with) 形成对比。‎ ‎【答案】 B convenient adj.方便的,便利的 Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?‎ 你明天开始工作方便吗?‎ Please come whenever it is convenient to you.‎ 方便的时候请随时来。‎ They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.‎ 它们突然消失在附近的一个墙洞中。‎ convenience n.方便,便利,适宜,省事 at one’s convenience在方便的时候,在适宜的地方 convenience food方便食品 for convenience为了方便 Come by to pick me up at your convenience.‎ 在你方便的时候,请来接我。‎ ‎2.Our new house is very________for me as I can get to the office in five minutes.‎ A.adaptable B.comfortable C.convenient D.available ‎【解析】 句意为:我们的新居很便利,从家到办公室只需五分钟。convenient表示“方便的”,符合题意。A.adaptable表示“能适应的,适应性强的”;B.comfortable表示“舒适的”;D.available表示“可获得的,可得到的”。‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎3.Come and see me whenever________.‎ A.you are convenient ‎ B.you will be convenient C.it is convenient to you ‎ ‎ D.it will be convenient to you ‎【解析】 “如果你方便的话”应用if it is convenient to/for you。‎ ‎【答案】 C bear (bore,borne)vt.‎ ‎(1)负担,承担 I doubt if that chair will bear your weight.‎ 我怀疑那把椅子能否承受得了你的体重。‎ Who will bear the responsibility/expense?‎ 谁要负担这责任/费用呢?‎ ‎(2)忍受,忍耐 He can’t bear being laughed at.‎ ‎=He can’t bear to be laughed at.‎ 他无法忍受遭人嘲笑。‎ ‎(1)stand,bear,tolerate,put up with意为“忍耐,容忍”。‎ He can’t stand/bear/put up with hot weather.‎ 他不能忍受炎热的天气。‎ She can’t stand being kept waiting.她无法忍受久等。‎ ‎(2)bear sth.in mind牢记 You must bear it in mind that your parents hope to depend on you to become a good doctor.‎ 你要记住你的父母指望你成为一名好医生。‎ ‎4.—Why did Bob cry?‎ ‎—He couldn’t bear________like that before the whole class.‎ A.making fun of B.being made fun of C.to be laughed at D.being made fun ‎【解析】 动词bear后跟v.ing形式作宾语,且此处应该使用被动形式。‎ ‎【答案】 B associate vt.联想,联系 ‎①I’ve never associated you with this place.‎ 我从未把你和这个地方联系在一起。‎ ‎②I wouldn’t want to be associated with Mckey’s project.‎ 我不想和麦基的计划有任何瓜葛。‎ ‎③I don’t like these young men you’re associating with.‎ 我不喜欢你结交的这些年青人。‎ association n.联合;联想;交往;协会;团体 in association with...与……合伙/合作 ‎④I am working in association with him.‎ 我和他一同工作。‎ ‎⑤My association with him goes back to our days in high school.‎ 我和他的交往可以追溯至高中时代。‎ ‎5.He wished to forget everything________with his former life and start a new life.‎ A.joined B.associated C.buried D.carried ‎【解析】 句意为:他希望忘记跟他过去生活有联系的一切东西,开始新的人生。be associated with...表示“和……有联系”,此处作后置定语,符合语意要求。‎ ‎【答案】 B call up ‎(1)使人想起,使回忆起 The sound of happy laughter called up memories of his childhood.这笑声使他回忆起童年时代的情景。‎ The music calls up memories of my childhood.‎ 音乐引起我对童年的回忆。‎ ‎(2)打电话 I tried to call you up last night,but no one answered the phone.‎ 我昨晚曾打电话给你,但没人接。‎ ‎(3)召集,征召……入伍 When the war broke out,they were at once called up.‎ 战争一爆发,他们立即就被征召入伍了。‎ ‎(1)ring/call back回复电话 ‎(2)ring off挂断电话 ‎(3)give sb.a ring给某人打电话 ‎(4)sb.be wanted on the phone有某人的电话 ‎(5)answer the phone接电话 ‎(6)hang/hold on不挂断电话 ‎6.Your letter________the days ________we worked together on the farms fifteen years ago.‎ A.calls up;which B.call in;when C.calls up;when D.calls in;that ‎【答案】 A set out开始,着手(后接不定式);出发,动身 They set out to work as soon as they arrived.‎ 他们一到就干了起来。‎ She is going to set out for France at five o’clock in the morning.‎ 她准备早上五点钟出发去法国。‎ 辨析:set out,set off,set about与set up ‎(1)set out表示“开始做某事”,多跟不定式。‎ He set out to wash his car.他开始洗车。‎ ‎(2)set off表示“启程,开始”,多指开始踏上征程,常常和on,for等搭配。‎ If you want to catch that train,we’d better set off for the station immediately.你要是想赶上那班火车,咱们最好马上动身去火车站。‎ ‎(3)set about表示“开始,着手做某事”,多跟doing结构。‎ You must set about your work at once.你必须立即开始工作。‎ The girl has set about cleaning the room.‎ 小女孩已开始打扫房间。‎ ‎(4)set up不能表示“开始”,而表示“搭建,建立,使恢复”等意义。‎ A fund will be set up for the dead men’s families.‎ 抚恤死难工人家属的基金会即将建立起来。‎ ‎7.After breakfast,my classmates and I set out________Hong Xing Farm and received a warm welcome.‎ A.to B.on C.for D.towards ‎【解析】 set out for出发到……地方。‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎8.The moment she came back from work,she________to clean the kitchen thoroughly.‎ A.set out B.set about C.set off D.set up ‎【解析】 考查动词短语含义。set out to do sth.着手做某事;set about doing sth.着手做某事;set off出发,动身,使爆炸;set up成立。‎ ‎【答案】 A get through ‎(1)完成 She’s got through a lot of work.她完成了许多工作。‎ ‎(2)通过 He got through his final exams easily.‎ 他轻易地通过了期末考试。‎ ‎(3)到达 The message got through to us at last.‎ 这条消息终于送到了我们这儿。‎ ‎(4)接通电话 I called all day,but I just couldn’t get through.‎ 我打了一天的电话,可就是打不通。‎ ‎(5)度过(时间)‎ I can’t think how they will get through the time.‎ 我想像不出这段时间他们将怎样度过。‎ get across被理解;使人了解 get down to认真地静下心(工作)(to为介词)‎ get over克服 get on进展,进步 get in收获 ‎9.(2009年四川卷)—Have you________?‎ ‎—No.I had the wrong number.‎ A.got in B.got away C.got off D.got through ‎【解析】  句意为:——你打通电话了吗?——没有。我拨错号码了。get in进入,抵达,收获;get away走开,逃脱;get off(从……)下来,出发,下班,逃脱惩罚;get through 完成,度过,通过,讲清楚,打通电话。‎ ‎【答案】 D Remember to include one change to your invention in case it doesn’t work the first time. ‎ 记住对你的发明要有变化的余地以防它第一次不起作用。‎ in case ‎ ‎(1) conj.在……的情况下,万一……的话;以防,免得;in case后接从句时,从句中的谓语动词常用一般现在时态,偶尔也用should+v.。‎ In case anything important happens,please call me up.‎ 万一发生什么重要的事情,请打电话给我。‎ Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting.‎ 坐出租车去,免得开会迟到。‎ ‎(2)adv.以防万一,免得 You’d better carry some money in case.‎ 你最好带些钱,以防万一。‎ It may rain.You’d better take your umbrella in case.‎ 天可能下雨,你最好带上伞以防万一。‎ ‎(1)in case of 在……情形时,万一,以防……‎ In case of fire,ring the bell.万一发生火灾,请按铃。‎ I will take a raincoat with me in case of rain.‎ 我将随身带件雨衣以防下雨。‎ ‎(2)in any case 无论如何,反正,不管怎样 In any case,do your best.无论如何,要尽力而为。‎ ‎(3)in no case 决不,在任何时候都不 In no case should you be allowed to do such a foolish thing again.你决不应该再做那样的蠢事。(注意此句要用部分倒装)‎ ‎(4)in that case作“在那种情况下,假使那样的话”“如果那样”解时相当于if that happens。‎ It may rain this evening.In that case,we’ll have to stay at home.今天晚上可能下雨。如果是那样,我们就只好呆在家里了。‎ ‎10.I shall stay in the hotel all day______there is news of the missing child.‎ A.in case B.no matter C.in any case D.ever since ‎【答案】 A ‎11.Leave your key with a neighbor________you lock yourself out one day.‎ A.ever since B.even if C.soon after D.in case ‎【解析】 句意为:留一把钥匙给你的邻居以防哪天忘了带钥匙进不了门。根据句意和行文逻辑此处为以防万一之意,故选in case。ever since自……以来;even if 即使;soon after 在……之后不久,均不合题意。‎ ‎【答案】 D ‎12.Some parents don’t allow their children to go online________they are affected by something unhealthy.‎ A.for fear that B.unless C.in only D.in case ‎【解析】 in case,for fear that引导目的状语从句。词义为“以防……,以免……”。须指出的是in case引导的从句,谓语动词用一般时表示将来时。for fear that其从句谓语动词前需有may,might,will或would。‎ ‎【答案】 D Prepared with these findings,I decided on three possible approaches.‎ 有这些发现作准备,我决定了三种可能的方法。‎ Prepared with these findings为过去分词短语作状语,相当于谓语动词为被动的状语从句,该动作和主句的主语之间存在着逻辑动宾关系。‎ ‎①Although built thirty years ago,the house looks very beautiful.‎ 尽管这座房子是30年前被建造的,但它看起来依然很漂亮。‎ ‎②Given more time,he can do it better.‎ 如果给予他更多的时间,他会把它做得更好。‎ ‎③Seen from the top of the hill,the park looks more beautiful.=When it is seen from the top of the hill,the park looks more beautiful.从山上往下看,这座公园看起来更加漂亮。‎ ‎④Encouraged by the progress he has made,he works harder.=As he is encouraged by the progress he has made,he works harder.‎ 由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞,他工作更努力了。‎ ‎⑤He began to cry as if bitten by a snake.=He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake.他大叫起来,好像被蛇咬了。‎ ‎13.(2010届保定一中月考)Bought by his father and________to serve as his maid,the young girl fell in love with him.‎ A.intending B.to intend C.being intended D.intended ‎【解析】 考查非谓语动词。语意表示“这个女孩是他的父亲买来打算给他当女仆的”,此处是intend sb.to do sth.的被动语态,用其过去分词作状语。注意,英语中一般不用现在分词的被动语态作状语。‎ ‎【答案】 D Follow it up,explore all around it,and before you know it,you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.‎ 跟随它,在它的周围探索,那么在你知道它之前,你将有值得考虑的某些东西占用你的大脑。‎ ‎“祈使句+and/then/or/otherwise+陈述句”结构的用法 ‎①Work harder and/then you will succeed in your studies.‎ ‎=If you work harder,you’ll succeed in your studies.‎ ‎=Working harder,you will succeed in your studies.‎ 如果你更加努力学习,在学习上你就会成功。 ‎ ‎②Study hard,or/otherwise you’ll fall in your exams.‎ ‎=If you don’t study hard,you’ll fail in your exams.‎ ‎=You will fail in your exams unless you study hard.‎ 如果你不刻苦学习,你就会考不及格。‎ ‎14.(2009年江南十校测试)—Can you help me?‎ ‎—Yes.________your teacher’s advice,in my opinion,and everything will be OK.‎ A.Follow B.Following C.To follow D.Followed ‎【解析】 此题考查句型“祈使句+and+一般陈述句”,in my opinion在句中作插入语。‎ ‎【答案】 A Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1.The twin brothers are so much alike that it is difficult for us to________(辨别) one from the other.‎ ‎【答案】 distinguish ‎2.Would it be________(便利) for you to pick me up at 2 p.m.and take me to the railway station?‎ ‎【答案】 convenient ‎3.I let my parents down.In other words,I didn’t live up to their________(期望) of me.‎ ‎【答案】 expectation ‎4.When the couple turned forty,they were laid off.With no________(稳定的) income they ‎ found they were really badly off and could hardly make ends meet.‎ ‎【答案】 stable ‎5.My father always comes up with a________(实际的) solution to my problem.Every time I take his advice,I will solve my problem.‎ ‎【答案】 practical Ⅱ.选词填空 ring back;hang off;set about;get through;hang on ‎1.Come and________________doing your work:you’ve wasted lots of time.‎ ‎【答案】 set about ‎2.He’s not in;why don’t you________________after 6 o’clock?‎ ‎【答案】 ring back ‎3.Jerry asked John,who was talking with him on the phone,to________________while he ran for a pencil and a sheet of paper.‎ ‎【答案】 hang on ‎4.I will have to________________now;I smell something burning in the kitchen.‎ ‎【答案】 hang off ‎5.I tried phoning her office,but I couldn’t________________.How could I give her the important information?‎ ‎【答案】 get through Ⅲ.巧思妙解 ‎1.—The boss said we had only three days to finish the work.‎ ‎—Don’t worry.We have already________two thirds of it.‎ A.got down B.got through C.given in D.given away ‎【解析】 get through完成(工作)。 ‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎2.(2007年天津卷)Hardly could he________this amount of work in such a short time.‎ A.get through B.get off C.get into D.get down ‎【解析】 考查动词短语。句意为“在这么短的时间内他几乎完不成这么多工作”。get ‎ through有完成之意,符合句意。get off 下车;get into进入,陷入;get down“下车,吞下,写下”都与句意不搭配。‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎3.(2009年河南信阳模拟)The earthquake has destroyed most houses in the village.How are they going to________the winter?‎ A.get on B.get across C.get over D.get through ‎【解析】 get on进展,进步;get across被理解;get over克服;get through度过,通过。由句意可知D为正确选项。‎ ‎【答案】 D ‎4.—It’s a good idea,but who’s going to________the plan?‎ ‎—I think Tom and Grey will.‎ A.get through B.carry out C.go through D.carry on ‎【解析】 get through通过;carry out执行;go through经历;carry on进行。‎ ‎【答案】 B Ⅳ.语法专练 本单元语法—过去分词 ‎1.The performance of the host,________to please the audience and draw their attention,was greeted with a cold silence,however.‎ A.had intended B.intended C.intending D.to intend ‎【解析】 分词短语作非限制性定语,排除A;逻辑主语the performance与intend是被动关系,故用过去分词。‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎2.The Olympic Games,________in 776BC,didn’t include women players until 1912.‎ A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing ‎【答案】 C ‎3.The murderer was brought in,with his hands________behind his back.‎ A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied ‎【答案】 D ‎4.Most of the artists________to the party were from South Africa.‎ A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited ‎【答案】 A ‎5.(2009年浙江金华十校联考)________in her most beautiful skirt,the girl tried to make herself________at the party.‎ A.Dressed;noticed B.Dressing;noticed C.Dressed;noticing D.Dressing;being noticing ‎【答案】 A
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