【英语】2018届一轮复习人教版必修1Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero学案(7)

【英语】2018届一轮复习人教版必修1Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero学案(7)

高一英语必修一导学案 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero 核心单词 ‎1. quality n. ［U,C］质，质量，品质；特性（既可用于描述物品，也用于描述人物）‎ ‎［C］性质；特性；特点 Modesty is one of his good qualities.‎ 谦虚是他的美德之一。‎ One quality of wood is that it can burn.‎ 木料的一个特点是能燃烧。‎ 常用结构：‎ high quality 优质 poor quality 劣质 average quality 一般的品质 Wine of high quality costs more than that of poor quality. ‎ 优质的葡萄酒比劣质的葡萄酒价格要高。‎ 易混辨析 quality/quantity quality 质，质量 quantity 数量；大量 For study, quality often matters more than quantity.‎ 就学习而言，质量往往比数量更重要。‎ Quantities of food were on the table. 桌上摆了大量食物。‎ There is a small quantity of water left in the bottle.‎ 瓶子里还剩下少量的水。‎ 高手过招 完成句子(原创)‎ ‎①他仔细检查家具的品质。‎ He examined carefully. ‎ ‎②他具备了一个成功商人应具有的所有品质。‎ He has of a successful businessman.‎ ‎①the quality of the furniture ‎ ‎②all the qualities ‎ ‎2. devote vt.献身；专心于 常用结构：‎ devote oneself/one’s energy/one’s time to (doing) sth.‎ 奉献/精力/时间于某事 sb. be devoted to (doing) sth. 某人献身做某事 He devoted all his life to China’s aviation.‎ 他的一生都奉献给了中国的航空事业。‎ He’s devoted his whole life to the protection of the rare animals. 他终生献身于保护珍稀动物。‎ He is devoted to helping the poor. 他致力于帮助穷困的 ‎ 联想拓展 类似于devote ... to ... 的结构中to为介词的词组还有：‎ object to 反对 attend to 办理；照顾；注意听 look forward to 期待；盼望be opposed to 反对 ‎ devote ... to 贡献给……stick to 坚持 ‎ lead to 导致pay attention to 注意到 ‎ be related to 与……有关see to 务必做到； 负责……‎ refer to 提到；指的是turn to 翻到； 求助于 高手过招 单项填空 The idea for the new machine came to Mr Baker to his invention. (2010·陕西师大附中月考)‎ A. while he was devoted B. while devoting C. while devoting himself D. while devoted 解析：选A。考查be devoted to这一结构。注意不要误选D项，因为主句的主语the idea与从句的主语Mr Baker/he不一致，因此从句中的主语和谓语动词he was不能省略。 ‎ ‎3. equal ‎ adj.相同的；平等的 vt.等于，比得上 n.同等/相等的人或物 He asked us to cut the apple into three equal pieces.‎ 他让我们把苹果切成三等份。‎ None of us can equal her in intelligence.‎ 我们中没人能在智力方面比得上她。‎ 常用结构：‎ be equal to sth./doing sth.胜任某事/ 做某事 A equals BA等于B without equal/have no equal 无与伦比/无比 Are you equal to (doing) the task?你能胜任这项工作吗？‎ Yao Ming is a basketball player without equal in China.‎ 在中国，姚明是个无与伦比的篮球运动员。‎ 高手过招 单项填空 He doubted whether she would be to the task. （原创）‎ A.equal B. similar C. familiar D. content 解析：选A。be equal to sth. 胜任，符合句意。content意为“满意的，满足的”不符句意，其他选项也均与句意不符。 ‎ ‎4. reward n.报答；酬金（为某些特殊服务提供或给予的金钱）‎ vt.酬谢，奖赏；报应；惩罚（坏人或坏事）‎ 常用结构：‎ as a reward (for) 作为（对某事的）报酬（或奖赏）‎ give/ offer a reward to sb. for sth. 为某事而给某人报酬 in reward for 为酬答……；作为奖励……‎ reward sb.(with ...)for sth. 为某事（而以……）报答……‎ 易混辨析 ‎ reward/award/prize reward表示“奖赏，酬谢”，动词只能以人或人的行为作宾语，名词表示某人因做了某事而应得到某东西。‎ award 作名词指正式或官方 “给予，颁发，授予”（奖章，奖金等），也可以指法庭裁决；作动词时可以跟两个宾语，award sb. sth.把某物授予/判给某人。‎ prize只能作名词，表示“奖赏、奖金、奖品”，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。‎ It’s a reward for virtue.那是对美德的回报。‎ It is unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard work. 他工作很辛苦，报酬却很少，这不公平。‎ How can I reward your kindness?‎ 我如何酬谢你的好意呢？‎ Jim rewarded the boy a pound for bringing back the lost dog.‎ 男孩把吉姆丢失的狗带了回来，为此吉姆奖赏给他一英镑。 ‎ 高手过招 单项填空 ‎①Martin Luther King, a great Black leader in the movement against racial discrimination, was the Nobel Prize for peace for his outstanding contribution to world peace. (2010·11·河南洛阳月考)‎ A. rewarded B. given C. awarded D. offered ‎②They the winners with gifts of fruit and flowers. （原创）‎ A. rewarded B. awarded C. charged D. paid ‎③The girl got nothing in for her kindness, which made her very sad.‎ A. prize B. award C. medals D. reward ‎①解析：选C。句意为：反对种族歧视运动的杰出黑人领袖马丁·路德·金，因其对世界和平的突出贡献而被授予诺贝尔和平奖。award指正式或官方的“授予，颁发”。‎ ‎②解析：选A。考查固定搭配。句意为：他们送给获胜者水果和鲜花作为奖赏。reward sb. with ...用……酬劳某人。‎ ‎③解析：选D。由句意可知，应该是对做好事的报答。in reward for 为……而报答。‎ 重点短语 ‎5. out of work ‎ 失业 Jim has been out of work for several months.‎ 吉姆已经失业几个月了。‎ Mary’s cell phone has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience.‎ 玛丽的手机坏了好几天了，这给她带来了很多不便。‎ 联想拓展 in work有工作 out of breath上气不接下气 out of patience 不耐烦 out of use 没用了 out of date过时 out of order次序颠倒；出故障 out of control失控 ‎ out of danger脱离危险 ‎ out of shape变形 Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见, 心不烦。 ‎ 高手过招 用适当的介词（短语）填空 （原创）‎ ‎①Although my computer is date now, it's still use.‎ ‎②After the fourth operation, the patient has been danger.‎ ‎①out of; in ②out of ‎6. as a matter of fact ‎ 事实上 It was cold. As a matter of fact, it was freezing.‎ 天很冷。事实上，冷得要命。‎ 联想拓展 as a matter of fact=in fact/in actual fact/actually/in ‎ reality/to tell the truth 实际上；事实 to make matters worse 让事情更糟糕的是 it doesn’t matter 没有关系 高手过招 单项填空 It rained that day. , our car broke down on the way. (2010·江苏泰州一轮检测)‎ A. In fact B. Actually C. To make matters worse D. To tell the truth 解析：选C。to make matters worse让事情更糟糕的是。根据句 意可知，C项符合。 ‎ ‎7. blow up ‎ vi.爆炸；突然严峻；大发雷霆 vt. 炸毁；给……充气；放大（照片）‎ My father blew up when I didn't come home last night.‎ 我昨晚没回家，父亲大发雷霆。‎ Stop at the gas station and we'll blow up the tyres.‎ 在加油站停一下，我们要给轮胎打气。‎ 联想拓展 blow away刮走，吹走 blow down(风) 刮倒 ‎ blow off 吹掉；将（热水、蒸汽等）放出 blow out 吹熄；（电线）烧断 blow over (暴风雨等)吹散，刮倒；（坏天气）大风平息 ‎ 高手过招 单项填空 A short circuit will the fuse(保险丝). （原创）‎ A. blow up B. blow off C. blow out D. blow over 解析：选C。句意为：短路会烧断保险丝。根据句意可知，答案选C。‎ ‎8. in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中 Please telephone us when you are in trouble.‎ 遇到困难时就给我们打电话。‎ 联想拓展 have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难。其中的介词 in 在口语中通常可省略。‎ take (the) trouble to do sth. 在这一结构中，其中的冠词用不用均可，但含义稍有不同：用冠词，表示不怕费事或不怕麻烦而去做某事；不用冠词，表示尽心尽力或费尽心血而去做某事。‎ go to (the) trouble to do （of doing） sth.‎ 不辞辛劳做某事/费心做某事 give sb. trouble/put sb. to trouble麻烦某人；打扰某人 have trouble with ... 有……病痛；同……闹纠纷 We had no trouble (in) finding his office.‎ 我们没费吹灰之力就找到了他的办公室。‎ He took the trouble to show me the way to the station.‎ 他不嫌麻烦地为我去火车站而指路。‎ He went to the trouble of finding out when our train was leaving. ‎ 他费心为我们打听到了我们乘坐的火车的开车时间。‎ I don’t like giving trouble to people I don’t know.‎ 我不愿意给我不认识的人添麻烦。‎ The man often has trouble with his wife.‎ 这个男人经常与他的妻子闹矛盾。 ‎ 高手过招 单项填空 Even an experienced climber can to reach the summit.‎ ‎(2010·河南郑州一轮检测)‎ A. get into trouble B. make trouble ‎ 1. ask for trouble D. take trouble over 解析：选A。句意为：即使是一个很有经验的登山者，想要到达顶峰也有可能遇到困难。句中的can表示“有可能”。get into trouble 陷入困境，因做某事而招致惩罚，危险等；ask for trouble 自找麻烦，自讨苦吃；make trouble 引起麻烦；take trouble over sth. 在某事上费心思。根据句意选A。 ‎ ‎9. turn to ‎ 求助于；依赖；翻到；询问 We have to turn to some bigger companies for technical help. ‎ 我们不得不向一些更大的公司寻求技术援助。‎ 联想拓展 turn against背叛 turn down（音量）关小；拒绝 turn in上交 turn ...into ...(使……)成为……‎ turn off关掉(水源、 煤气、 电灯等)；避开(问题等)‎ turn on打开(水、 煤气、 电灯、无线电等)‎ turn over(使)打翻/翻身/翻动/翻耕(土地)/转危为安 turn up开大；出现；找到 by turns轮流；交替 in turn依次；轮流 turn out证明是；结果是 Nobody will turn against his country.‎ 没有人会背叛自己的国家。‎ Please turn down the television.‎ 请把电视机的音量调小点儿。‎ He turned down my suggestion without hesitation.‎ 他毫不犹豫地拒绝了我的建议。‎ The child picked up a purse and turned it in to the policeman. ‎ 那个孩子捡到了一个钱包，然后把它交给了警察。‎ The farmers are turning waste land into rice fields.‎ 农民们正把荒地变成肥沃的田地。‎ Don't forget to turn all the lights off before you go to bed. ‎ 在你上床之前，不要忘记把所有的灯都关上。‎ The man turned over and went to sleep again when the telephone rang.‎ 当电话铃响的时候，那个人翻了个身，又睡着了。‎ 高手过招 ‎(1)单项填空 ‎①In the new city there wasn’t a single person the poor boy could turn for help.(2010·辽宁本溪月考)‎ A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom ‎②We had a good many anxious moments, but everything all right in the end.(2010·江苏南京一轮)‎ A. turned down B. turned on C. turned out D. turned to ‎(1)①解析：选D。turn to sb. for help为固定搭配，意思是“求助于”某人。‎ ‎②解析：选C。turn out 在句中的意思是“变得；证明是；结果是”，为连系动词；turn down调低；拒绝；turn on打开；turn to参考；转向；求助于。‎ ‎(2)用与turn搭配的适当介词填空 （原创）‎ ‎①The key you lost has turned .‎ ‎②Nothing could make the brave man turn his motherland.‎ ‎③Don't rush. Please wait in line and get on the bus turn.‎ ‎④He asked his teacher to give him the chance one more time but his teacher turned him .‎ ‎⑤Be sure to turn the lights when you leave the classroom.‎ ‎(2)①up ②against ③in ④down ⑤off ‎10. lose heart ‎ 丧失勇气或信心 He failed many times, but he didn’t lose heart.‎ 他失败了许多次，但他并没有失去信心。‎ No matter what you do, never lose heart.‎ 不管你做什么，千万不要失去信心。‎ lose one’s job失业 ‎ lose one’s balance失去平衡 lose one’s breath上气不接下气 lose one’s heart (to sb./sth.)爱上 lose one’s life丧生; 遇害 lose face丢脸; 受屈辱 lose hope失去希望 高手过招 翻译句子 ‎①不要失去信心，一切都会好起来的。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎②她喜欢上了一位年轻士兵。‎ ‎①Don’t lose heart, all will turn out well. ‎ ‎②She lost her heart to a young soldier.‎ 重点句型 ‎11. ...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。‎ only 修饰的时间、条件、方式状语等放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。‎ Only then did she realize she had made mistakes.‎ 直到那时她才意识到她所犯的错误。‎ Only when he came back did I go to bed.‎ 当他回来的时候，我才上床睡觉。‎ 温馨提示 only 放在句首修饰状语时，主句部分要倒装，修饰主语、宾语时，则不倒装。‎ Only you understand me.只有你了解我。 ‎ 高手过招 单项填空 ‎ I failed in the final examination last term and only then the importance of studies.(2010·山东青岛二中月考)‎ A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize 解析：选D。only then位于句首时句子用倒装结构，realize的动作在fail之后发生，故选过去时。‎ ‎12. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.‎ 他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。‎ should have done 本应该做某事（但实际上并没有做）/对过去已发生的事情的推测。ought to= should 但在语气上比should要强。‎ 温馨提示 情态动词+have done的用法小结：‎ must+have done 表示对过去情况的推测，只用于肯定句中，意为“一定……”，其否定的意义用can’t+have done表示。‎ can/could have done 对过去已发生的情况的推测，用于疑问句或否定句中。‎ could+have done本来有能力做而实际上没有做 needn’t+have done本来不必做的事，实际上却做了 might have done本来可以做而实际上未做。‎ may (might)+have done表示对过去的推测，多用在陈述句，意为“也许；可能……”。用might 比用 may 语气更加委婉。 ‎ would+have done 用于虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反。‎ He ought not to have taken the old clothes away.‎ 他不该把旧衣服带走。（事实上已带走。）‎ The street is wet. It must have rained last night.‎ 路面是湿的，昨天晚上肯定下雨了。‎ If I could have stopped, there wouldn’t have been an accident.‎ 如果我能够停下来，事故就不会发生了。‎ I needn’t have gone to the office yesterday.‎ 昨天我没必要去办公室。‎ Please don’t do that. You might both have been caught and killed!‎ 请不要那样做。你们俩很有可能被抓住然后被杀掉！ ‎ 易混辨析 ‎ should/ought to ‎①两者均有“应该”之意，should多表示说话人主观建议，ought to多表示道义和责任。‎ Doctors and nurses should take good care of patients.‎ 医生和护士应该仔细照顾病人。‎ You shouldn’t drink and drive.‎ 你不该喝了酒还开车。‎ You ought to be blushed at your conduct.‎ 你应该为你自己的行为感到羞愧。‎ ‎②两者均可表示预测，意为“应该会，可能”。‎ We should/ought to arrive there before dark.‎ 我们应该会在天黑前到达那里。‎ It’s twelve o’clock now. She should/ought to have already got there.‎ 现在已经12点了。她应该已经到那里了。‎ 联想拓展 should的其他用法：‎ ‎①虚拟从句中，表示“假如；万一”；‎ If you should change your mind, do let we know.‎ 如果你想要改变主意，让我们知道。‎ In case you should need any help, here is my number.‎ 假如你需要任何帮助，给我打电话，这是我的电话号码。‎ ‎②应该，必须 She recommended that/she (should) take some time off.‎ 她建设应该休假。‎ ‎③表示惊讶，遗憾。‎ It’s strange that she should have done such a thing.‎ 她能做好这样的事情，真让人觉得奇怪。 ‎ 高手过招 单项填空 ‎①—I missed the first part of the film. It was really a pity. ‎ ‎—You home half an hour earlier.(2010·福建厦门一轮检测)‎ A. should have left B. must have left ‎ C. should leave D. must leave ‎②—Do you think he is lazy?‎ ‎—I so once, but I don’t now.(2010·浙江杭州一轮检测)‎ A. may have thought B. can have thought C. may think D. might think ‎①解析：选A。第一句句意为：我错过了这部电影的第一部分，真遗憾。根据第一句，答句的句意应为：你本应该提前半小时出家门。故选A。‎ ‎②解析：选A。从答语可知，空格处的意思是“曾经这样想过”，即对过去情况作推测，故应用“情态动词＋动词完成时”；又因为 can 表推测时不用于肯定句中，故选A。‎