2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之十三：非谓语动词

2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之十三：非谓语动词

‎2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之六：非谓语动词 ‎(一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空)‎ The truth that trees are vital to our life is not a secret. Besides 1.________ (provide) us with food, wood and most importantly, oxygen, they have one more thing — blocking out harmful bacteria from water.‎ The discovery was made by a team 2.________ (consist) of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and high school students who were seeking a natural water filter — one that would help communities in 3.________ (develop) countries that do not have access to modern water filter systems.‎ The researchers, led by Professor Rohit Karnik, decided 4.________ (turn) to trees for help because they could allow liquid 5.________ (flow) through, while blocking out air bubbles.‎ They began by 6.________ (cut) 1.5inchwide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tree. The people 7.________ (relate) then tested the wood's filtering ability by pouring water 8.________ (contain) red dye particles of different sizes through. To their amazement,‎ ‎ they found that it was effective in trapping all the particles. 9.________ (encourage), the team conducted another experiment, this time with water which contained bacteria. Sure enough, the sapwood held back 99% of the bacteria, 10.________ (allow) only 1% to flow through.‎ 答案：1.providing　2.consisting　3.developing　4.to turn ‎5．to flow　6.cutting　7.related　8.containing ‎9．Encouraged　10.allowing ‎(二)快捷技法 思考趋向1　填非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语的相应形式 思考趋向2　填非谓语动词作定语的相应形式 思考趋向3　填非谓语动词作宾语补足语的相应形式 思考趋向4　填非谓语动词作状语的相应形式 ‎[解题规则]‎ ‎1．了解句法功能，判断非谓语形式 ‎(1)作目的状语时用不定式，且只能用不定式的一般式。‎ ‎(2)作伴随状语、方式状语和结果状语时用现在分词。‎ ‎(3)作介词的宾语时用动名词。‎ ‎(4)缺少主语常用动词ing 形式。‎ ‎(5)非谓语动词作表语修饰物时用v.ing，修饰人时用v.ed 形式。‎ ‎2．非谓语动词填空的两个原则 ‎(1)主被动原则 逻辑主语与非谓语动词是主谓关系时，用现在分词‎ ing形式；是动宾关系时用过去分词ed形式。‎ ‎(2)时间先后原则 非谓语动词表示正在进行，用现在分词ing形式；表示已经完成，用过去分词ed形式；表示将来发生的动作，用不定式to do形式。‎ ‎3．利用固定搭配或用法，判定非谓语动词的形式 牢记非谓语动词的一些固定搭配和句型公式，再分析句式结构，结合语境应对非谓语动词就能迎刃而解。‎ ‎4．牢记用动词ing/to do 形式作宾语的动词(短语)‎ ‎(1)接动词ing形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有：‎ 喜欢考虑不可免(enjoy, consider, avoid)‎ 不禁放弃太冒险(cannot help, give up, risk)‎ 欣赏承认很值得(appreciate, admit, be worth)‎ 介意想象莫拖延(mind, imagine, delay, put off)‎ 允许完成是期待(allow, finish, look forward to)‎ 建议保持勤操练(suggest, keep, practice)‎ 致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to, excuse, insist on)‎ 继续成功不错过(keep on, succeed in, miss)‎ ‎(2)接不定式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有：‎ 一准备(prepare)、二决定(decide, determine)、三要求(ask, demand, request)、四希望(desire, expect, hope, wish)；提供计划(offer, plan, intend)；设法学会(manage, learn)；未能选择(fail, choose)；只好乞求(beg)；拒绝答应(refuse, promise)；假装同意(pretend, agree)。‎ ‎(3)有些动词或动词短语既可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但表示的含义不同。‎ mean forget regret try go on remember can't help ‎(一)考点练悟 下文中共有9处错误，每句中最多有两处。请找出并改正。‎ Good afternoon, Ladies and gentlemen. It is a great honor for me introduce this English speech competition. As we all know, master a foreign language is very important for us. Take part in English speech is a helpful way to learn English. Everyone wants to showing their best. When we have been preparing for it, we can improve our listening and spoken ability, developing a good habit of learn English.‎ In the process of the competition, you should pay attention to the ‎ rules making by us. First, you should make your voice hear clearly by everyone, so reading aloud is very necessary. Second, you should try your best to express yourself in English fluently. Finally, you should finish your speech in five minutes.‎ I am sure the English speech competition will be a great success and that the audience will feel satisfying with our performance. Thank you!‎ 答案：第二句：introduce前加to 第三句：master前加to 第四句：Take→Taking 第五句：showing→show 第六句：spoken→speaking; learn→learning 第七句：making→made 第八句：hear→heard 第十一句：satisfying→satisfied ‎(二)快捷技法 思考趋向 解题规则 ‎1.理清to的两种命题方式：注意不定式符号to的多余或缺失； 介词to后是否跟了v.ing形式。‎ ‎1. 看牢一个简单单词——to ‎①多余：感官动词和使役动词(get除外)后面跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。‎ ‎②缺失：有些动词，如want, decide, plan等后应接带to的不定式宾语。‎ ‎2.注意to的介词用法：有些动词短语中的to是介词，后需接动词ing形式，如look forward to, be/get/become used to, be devoted to, pay attention to, when it comes to, stick to等。‎ ‎2.掌握介词标志 介词就是标志，后接动名词形式。‎ ‎3.检查“情感类”分词形容词是否错用 检查“情感类”分词形容词在作定语或表语时是否把过去分词和现在分词形式误用。‎ 看到非谓语动词修饰人，则多使用动词ed形式作定语；看到非谓语动词修饰物，多使用动词ing形式作定语，但看到smile, face, tears, look等，多使用动词ed形式作定语。‎ ‎[课堂应用体验]‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 ‎(2019·洛阳市第二次统考)My mom was a nurse and often took me along to visit the __1__ (family) she was caring for, including one who had a series of strokes (中风) and was bedridden. One afternoon Mom told me that we needed to visit the woman __2__ (give)her medications, and that we would stop at a store __3__ the way. I thought we would stop at a drugstore, but we pulled up to a shopping mall.‎ My mom __4__ (head) to the perfume (香水) counter and bought the most expensive bottle they offered. She also bought a beautiful ‎ nightdress. When I asked her who they were for, she said they were for her patient. She __5__ (far) explained although this woman was old and bedridden, she was still a lady, and __6__ old deserved to be treated with respect and grace. When __7__ (care) for someone, we should look past the disability or the illness and look into the soul of the human, so we can connect them with sympathy. I soon realized that my mom's greatest __8__ (strong) was taking care of those who cannot advocate for __9__ (they) and need trustworthy care providers. That's __10__ I wanted to become a doctor.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。妈妈经常带“我”去看望她的病人。她不仅关心病人的身体，还关心病人的心理健康。在妈妈的影响下，“我”想成为一名医生。‎ ‎1．families　考查名词的单复数。根据下文中的“including one”并结合语境可知，病人不止一个，涉及不同的家庭，故填families。‎ ‎2．to give　考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式，故填to give。‎ ‎3．on　考查介词。on the way意为“在路上”，为固定用法，故填on。‎ ‎4．headed　考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“bought”可知，此处描述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填headed。‎ ‎5．further　考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，“我”不明白妈妈为什么这么做，所以妈妈进一步解释给我听。故填further。‎ ‎6．the　考查冠词。“the＋某些形容词”表示一类人，the old表示“老年人”。故填the。‎ ‎7．caring　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为分词短语作时间状语，care和其逻辑主语we是主谓关系，应用现在分词，故填caring。‎ ‎8．strength　考查词性转换。根据前面的形容词最高级“greatest”和空后的“was”可知，空处应用名词，故填strength。‎ ‎9．themselves　考查代词。此处作for的宾语，表示“为他们自己”，故填themselves。‎ ‎10．why　考查名词性从句。句意：那就是我想要成为一名医生的原因。That's why ...表示“那就是……的原因”。故填why。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎(2019·福建省质量检查)As everybody know, parents are worried too much about their child, especially when the young meet with challenges. So do my parents. They are even more nervous than I when a important test is coming. I have been thinking about talked to them. I'll let them know I have a goal and will work hard to achieve them. When they are convincing that I'll be responsible for that what I should do, they surely won't feel worried. Please keep in mind that our parents love us unconditional. I hope my thought can be helpful to you in dealing the relationship with your parents.‎ 答案：第一句：know→knows；child→children 第二句：do→are 第三句：a→an 第四句：talked→talking 第五句：them→it 第六句：convincing→convinced；去掉第二个that 第七句：unconditional→unconditionally 第八句：dealing后加with