英语计划总结之被动语态考点大盘点

英语计划总结之被动语态考点大盘点

英语计划总结之被动语态考点大盘点 ‎ ‎　　一、考查被动语态的概念和构成 ‎　　解答被动语态题目时，首先要判断主语和动作的关系。如果主语是动作的执行者，就用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，就用被动语态。‎ ‎　　被动语态的基本结构为：助动词be+动词的过去分词。助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化，其变化规则与连系动词be完全一样。例如：‎ ‎　　Chinese ______（speak） by more and more people in the world.‎ ‎　　【解析】句意为：世界上越来越多的人说汉语。主语Chinese与动词speak之间为被动关系，句子的主语是动作的承受者，应使用动词的被动语态is spoken.‎ ‎　　二、考查各种时态的被动语态 ‎　　被动语态试题对时态考查的热点主要集中在一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时及现在进行时上。‎ ‎　　1）一般现在时 ‎　　一般现在时的被动语态表示经常性、习惯性的被动动作，其基本结构为：am／is／are +done（动词的过去分词）。常用now， today， every day， often， usually， always， seldom，‎ ‎ never等做时态标志词。例如：‎ ‎　　Hong Kong ______ to be a good place for eating today. （2010年河北卷）‎ ‎　　A. knows B. knew ‎　　C. is known D. was known ‎　　【解析】题意为：众所周知，如今香港是个吃美食的好地方。由today（如今）以及主语Hong Kong和动词know之间的被动关系可知，要用一般现在时的被动语态，选C。‎ ‎　　If the question ______ incorrectly，______ question will be given to you. （2009年安顺卷）‎ ‎　　A. is answered； other B. answers； other ‎　　C. is answered； another D. answer； another ‎　　【解析】if引导的条件状语从句，主句为将来时，从句要用一般现在时；主语question与动词answer之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，排除B和D；另外，表示泛指的“又一个，另一个”要用another，选C。‎ ‎　　2）一般过去时 ‎　　一般过去时的被动语态表示过去某一时刻的被动性动作，其基本结构为：was／were＋done。常用yesterday， last year（month， week， …）， ten years ago等过去时间状语做时态标志词。例如：‎ ‎　　Last month a new law ______ in China to stop people from smoking in public places. （2010年盐城卷）‎ ‎　　A. is passed B. passes ‎　　C. had passed D. was passed ‎　　【解析】主语a new law与动词pass之间为被动关系，而且动作发生在last month，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，答案为D。‎ ‎　　—Look，what an old palace! It looks so great!‎ ‎　　—Yeah，it ______ nearly 800 years ago. （2010年通化卷）‎ ‎　　A. was building B. was built ‎　　C. has built D. is built ‎　　【解析】主语it（代指an old palace）与动词build之间是被动关系，根据句意提示“它是差不多800年前被建造起来的”，要用一般过去时的被动语态，答案为B。‎ ‎　　3）一般将来时 ‎　　一般将来时的被动语态表示将来某一时刻的被动性动作，常用表示将来的tomorrow， next year（month， week， …）， in a few year's time等时间状语做时态标志词，其基本结构为：shall／will be＋done。例如：‎ ‎　　Another new railway station ______ in Changsha in 2011. （2010年长沙卷）‎ ‎　　A. was built B. buildC. will be built ‎　　【解析】in 2011是表示将来的时间状语，主语railway station 与动词build之间为被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态，选C。‎ ‎　　Tomorrow there's a programme about our school on TV，then it ______ by millions of people. （2010年沈阳卷）‎ ‎　　A. will see B. saw ‎　　C. will be seen D. was seen ‎　　【解析】主语it（代指a programme）与动词see之间为被动关系，时间状语为tomorrow， 选C。‎ ‎　　4）现在完成时 ‎　　现在完成时的被动语态表示到目前为止已经完成的某个被动性动作，其基本结构为：have／has been＋done。句中常出现already， up to now，since＋时间点等时态标志词。例如：‎ ‎　　—Can you sing this English song?‎ ‎　　—Of course， I can. It ______ many times on the radio. （2010年南京卷）‎ ‎　　A. taught B. has taught ‎　　C. is taught D. has been taught ‎　　【解析】主语it（代指this English song）与动词teach之间为被动关系，要用被动语态。再由many times可知应用现在完成时，表示“这首歌已经教了很多遍”，选D。‎ ‎　　5）现在进行时 ‎　　现在进行时的被动语态表示目前正在被进行的动作，其基本结构为：is／am／are＋being＋done。常用now， atpresent， at the moment等时态标志词。例如：‎ ‎　　The World Expo （世博会）______ in Shanghai now. （2010年滨州卷）‎ ‎　　A. being had B. is having ‎　　C. is holding D. is being held ‎　　【解析】句意为：世博会正在上海举行。由时间状语now以及主语the World Expo与动词hold之间为被动关系可知，要用现在进行时的被动语态，选D。‎ ‎　　三、考查情态动词的被动语态 ‎　　含情态动词的被动语态常表示具有特定感情 色彩的被动性动作，其基本结构为：情态动词（can， may， must， should等）＋be＋done。‎ ‎　　—It's difficult for the village children to cross the river for school ‎　　—I think a bridge ______ over the river.（2010年眉山卷）‎ ‎　　A. should be built B. is being built ‎　　C. has been built D. was built ‎　　【解析】句意为：对村里的孩子们来说，要穿越那条河来上学是困难的。我认为应该要在河上建造一座桥。主语bridge与动词build之间为被动关系，应用含情态动词should的被动语态，答案为A。‎ ‎　　四、考察被动语态的特殊结构 ‎　　1）sell， write，read， wash， cook，clean，be worth doing等词的主动形式常用来表示被动意义。例如：‎ ‎　　This kind of sweater sells well.‎ ‎　　这种式样的毛衣卖得很好。‎ ‎　　This book about movies is worth reading.‎ ‎　　这本关于电影的书值得一读。‎ ‎　　2） look， sound， taste， smell等系动词用主动结构表示被动意义。例如：‎ ‎　　Coffee tastes great.咖啡尝起来好极了。‎ ‎　　Uniforms look ugly on us.我们穿着制服很难看。‎ ‎　　3）动词see， make， feel， watch， hear， notice， have等在主动句中，用不定式作宾语补足语时，应省略不定式符号to，但变为被动句时则要加上to。例如：‎ ‎　　The little boy ______ by the big one this morning. （2010年阜康卷）‎ ‎　　A. was made to cry B. was made cry ‎　　C. made to cry D. made cry ‎　　【解析】由“by the big one”可知该题要用被动语态，动词短语make sb. do sth.变成被动语态时，省略的不定式符号to要补上，答案为A。‎ ‎　　【好题精练】‎ ‎　　1. Every year lots of trees ______ to make our country more beautiful.‎ ‎　　A. is planted B. was planted ‎　　C. are planted D. were planted ‎　　2. A number of new houses ______ in Wenchuan last year.‎ ‎　　A. built B. are built ‎　　C. were built D. will be built ‎　　3. —Some of the plastic bags can't ______ after June 1.‎ ‎　　—Yes， people will use environment bags instead.‎ ‎　　A. useB. be useC. be usedD. are used ‎　　4. —Look at the sign on the right.‎ ‎　　—Oh， parking ______ here.‎ ‎　　A. doesn't allow B. isn't allowed ‎　　C. didn't allow D. wasn't allowed ‎　　5. Little Mermaid（美人鱼）______ to Shanghai and visi- tors can see it there now.‎ ‎　　A. has moved B. has been moved ‎　　C. will move D. was moved ‎　　6. —Do you believe there are aliens?‎ ‎　　—I'm afraid not. I don't think aliens ______ in space.‎ ‎　　A. can find B. can be found ‎　　C. can be founded D. can't be found