高考北京卷英语试题解析正式原卷

高考北京卷英语试题解析正式原卷

绝密★启用前 ‎ 2016年普通高等学校全国招生统一考试（北京卷）‎ 英 语 本试卷共16页，共150分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。‎ 第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）‎ 第一节 单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，共 15 分）‎ 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ 例：It’s so nice to hear from her again ________, we last met more than thirty years ago.‎ A. What’s more B. That’s to say ‎ C. In other words D. Believe it or not 答案是D。‎ ‎21. Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.‎ A. works B. has worked C. was working D. would work ‎22. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.‎ A. whose B. why C. where D. which ‎23. —Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?‎ ‎—The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours.‎ A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting ‎24. Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.‎ A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever ‎25. I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.‎ A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read ‎26. ________ it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.‎ A. Made B. Make C. Making D. To make ‎27. My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, ________ he’s in his nineties.‎ A. as long as B. as if C. even though D. in case 14‎ ‎28. ________ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.‎ A. Ordering B. To order C. Having ordered D. Ordered ‎29. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.‎ A. what B. that C. whether D. why ‎30. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the end.‎ A. rewarded B. were rewarded C. will reward D. will be rewarded ‎31. I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.‎ A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t ‎32. Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ________ the old town into a dreamland.‎ A. turn B. turning C. to turn D. turned ‎33. I really enjoy listening to music ________ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.‎ A. because B. before C. unless D. until ‎34. Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ me, I could have helped.‎ A. told B. had told C. were to tell D. would tell ‎35. I am not afraid of tomorrow, ________ I have seen yesterday and I love today.‎ A. so B. and C. for D. but 第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A Race Against Death It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.‎ On the 20th of that month, Dr. Welch 36 a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious(传染的) disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be 37 if it struck the town. Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. 38 , the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage.‎ How could the medicine get to Nome? The town’s 39 was already full of ice, so it couldn’t come by ship. Cars and horses couldn’t travel on the 40 roads. Jet airplanes and big trucks didn’t exist yet.‎ 14‎ ‎ 41 January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were 42 . Nome’s town officials came up with a(n) 43 . They would have the medicine sent by 44 from Anchorage to Nenana. From there, dogsled(狗拉雪橇) drivers—known as “mushers”—would 45 it to Nome in a relay(接力).‎ The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. 46 he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannon’s face was black from the extreme cold.‎ On January 31, a musher named Seppala had to 47 a frozen body of water called Norton Sound. It was the most 48 part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could sometimes break up without warning. If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy water below. He would 49 , and so would the sick children of Nome. But Seppala made it across.‎ ‎ A huge snowstorm hit on February 1. A musher named Kaasen had to brave this storm. At one point, huge piles of snow blocked his 50 . He had to leave the trail (雪橇痕迹)to get around them. Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to 51 the trail again. The only hope was Balto, Kaasen’s lead dog. Balto put his nose to the ground, 52 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. If Balto failed, it would mean disaster for Nome. The minutes passed by. Suddenly, Balto began to 53 . He had found the trail.‎ ‎ At 5:30 am on February 2, Kaasen and his dog 54 in Nome. Within minutes, Dr. Welch had the medicine. He quickly gave it to the sick children. All of them recovered.‎ ‎ Nome had been 55 .‎ ‎36. A. examined B. warned C. interviewed D. cured ‎37. A. harmless B. helpless C. fearless D. careless ‎38. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However ‎39. A. airport B. station C. harbor D. border ‎40. A. narrow B. snowy C. busy D. dirty ‎41. A. From B. On C. By D. After ‎42. A. tired B. upset C. pale D. sick ‎43. A. plan B. excuse C. message D. topic ‎44. A. air B. rail C. sea D. road ‎45. A. carry B. return C. mail D. give ‎46. A. Though B. Since C. When D. If 14‎ ‎47. A. enter B. move C. visit D. cross ‎48. A. shameful B. boring C. dangerous D. foolish ‎49. A. escape B. bleed C. swim D. die ‎50. A. memory B. exit C. way D. destination ‎51. A. find B. fix C. pass D. change ‎52. A. pretending B. trying C. asking D. learning ‎53. A. run B. leave C. bite D. play ‎54. A. gathered B. stayed C. camped D. arrived ‎55. A. controlled B. saved C. founded D. developed 第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）‎ 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A December 15, 2014‎ Dear Alfred，‎ ‎ I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.‎ ‎ Growing up, I had people telling me I was too slow, though, with an IQ of 150+ at 17, I’m anything but stupid. The fact was that I was found to have ADHD(注意力缺陷多动障碍). Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.‎ ‎ However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed. In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website. Moreover, I completed the senior course of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses.‎ ‎ While I was exploring my curiosity, my disease got worse. I wanted to go to college after high school, but couldn’t. So, I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the online computer courses of your training center.‎ ‎ Since then, I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics. Currently, I’m learning your Probability course. I have hundreds of printer paper, covered in self-written notes from your videos. This has given me a purpose.‎ ‎ Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public, I could work alone, but 14‎ ‎ still have a team to talk to. Luckily, I discovered the job—Data Analyst—this month and have been going full steam ahead. I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession, without going to college, and be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors.‎ ‎ Thank you. You’ve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time, I feel good about myself because I’m doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good. I feel whole.‎ This is why you’re saving my life.‎ Yours,‎ Tanis ‎56. Why didn’t Tanis go to college after high school?‎ A. She had learned enough about computer science.‎ B. She had more difficulty keeping focused.‎ C. She preferred taking online courses.‎ D. She was too slow to learn.‎ ‎57. As for the working environment, Tanis prefers _________.‎ A. working by herself B. dealing with the public C. competing against others D. staying with ADHD students ‎58. Tanis wrote this letter in order to _________.‎ A. explain why she was interested in the computer B. share the ideas she had for her profession ‎ C. show how grateful she was to the center D. describe the courses she had taken so far B Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)‎ Natalie Doan, 14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.‎ 14‎ On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridge closed.‎ When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.‎ In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.‎ ‎“My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says. “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”‎ Natalie’s choice was to help.‎ She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick’s collection was replaced.‎ In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-needed supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.‎ Today, the scars(创痕) of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”‎ ‎59. When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found _________.‎ A. some friends had lost their lives B. her neighborhood was destroyed C. her school had moved to Brooklyn D. the elderly were free from suffering ‎60. According to Paragraph 4, who inspired Natalie most?‎ 14‎ A. The people helping Rockaway rebuild.‎ B. The people trapped in high-rise buildings.‎ C. The volunteers donating money to survivors.‎ D. Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.‎ ‎61. How did Natalie help the survivors?‎ A. She gave her toys to other kids.‎ B. She took care of younger children.‎ C. She called on the White House to help.‎ D. She built an information sharing platform.‎ ‎62. What does the story intend to tell us?‎ A. Little people can make a big difference.‎ B. A friend in need is a friend indeed.‎ C. East or west, home is best.‎ D. Technology is power.‎ C California Condor’s Shocking Recovery California condors are North America’s largest birds, with wind-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.‎ In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖). Since 1992, there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.‎ Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.‎ So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was 14‎ ‎ introduced, 66% of set-freed birds died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.‎ ‎ Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011. ‎ ‎ Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them. ”‎ ‎63. California condors attract researchers’ interest because they _________.‎ A. are active at night B. had to be bred in the wild C. are found only in California D. almost died out in the 1980s ‎64. Researchers have found electrical lines are _________.‎ A. blocking condors’ journey home ‎ B. big killers of California condors C. rest places for condors at night D. used to keep condors away ‎65. According to Paragraph 5, lead poisoning _________.‎ A. makes condors too nervous to fly ‎ B. has little effect on condors’ kidneys C. can hardly be gotten rid of from condors’ blood D. makes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds ‎66. This passage shows that _________.‎ A. the average survival time of condors is satisfactory B. Rideout’s research interest lies in electric engineering C. the efforts to protect condors have brought good results 14‎ D. researchers have found the final answers to the problem D Why College Is Not Home ‎ The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.‎ ‎ For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.‎ ‎ To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself bother intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.‎ ‎ Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.‎ Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.‎ ‎ It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.‎ 14‎ Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.‎ ‎67. What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?‎ A. Sympathetic. B. Disapproving.‎ C. Supportive. D. Neutral.‎ ‎68. The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means _________.‎ A. change B. choice C. text D. extension ‎69. According to the author, what role should college play?‎ A. To develop a shared identity among students.‎ B. To define and regulate students’ social behavior.‎ C. To provide a safe world without tension for students. ‎ D. To foster students’ intellectual and personal development.‎ ‎70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?‎ I: Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点) C:Conclusion 14‎ 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分） ‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ The Science of Risk-Seeking Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.‎ The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 72 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.‎ So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one Killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 73 ‎ No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 74 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.‎ ‎ 75 For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.‎ ‎ As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.‎ A. It all depends on your character.‎ B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.‎ C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.‎ D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.‎ E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.‎ F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.‎ G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.‎ 第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分） ‎ 14‎ 第一节（15分）‎ ‎ 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim 在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：‎ ‎1. 该人物是谁； ‎ ‎2. 该人物的主要贡献； ‎ ‎3. 该人物对你的影响。 ‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 词数不少于50；‎ ‎2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 ‎ Dear Jim, ‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua 第二节 （20 分）‎ 假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华。你班同学参加了学校的“地球日”系列活动。请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，以“Actions for a Greener Earth”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍活动的全过程。‎ 注意：词数不少于60。‎ 提示词：地球日Earth Day 14‎ 14‎ 学科网高考一轮复习微课视频手机观看地址：http://xkw.so/wksp 14‎