【英语】2018届二轮复习定语从句的主从句关系含义分析（3页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习定语从句的主从句关系含义分析（3页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 定语从句的主从句关系含义分析 英语定语从句主要表示定语意义，起限制或确定的作用。但在翻译过程中，可有许多非定语的意义，而译成某种状语从句，或相当于并列分句或独立句。‎ A表示“原因”意义 表示“原因”的定语从句，其意义与原因状语从句雷同，可译为“因为”、“由于”等。‎ 例如 : ‎ The tribunes, who feared that Caesar might win the people's support and seize the sole power, did not want them to be too favourable to him. (=The tribunes did not want the people to be too favourable to Caesar, because they feared he might win the people's support and seize the sole power.)‎ 护民官们因为担心凯撒会博得人民的拥戴，从而大权独揽，所以不愿意人民对他过分地表示好感。‎ When Hitler came to power in Germany, Einstein, who was a Jew, found the doors of study closed to him. ‎ ‎( = … Einstein found the doors of study closed to him because he was a Jew.)‎ 当希特勒在德国上台时， 爱因斯坦发现科学研究的大门对他是关闭的， 因为他是个犹太人。 ‎ B表示“结果”意义 表示“结果”的定语从句，可转换为such …that，that等引导的结果状语从句，常可译为“因此”、“所以”等。‎ 例如 :‎ ‎…North China was hit by an unexpected heavy rain which caused severe flooding· ‎ ‎(=... North China was hit by such an unexpected heavy rain that it caused severe flooding. )华北遭受了一场意外的大雨，结果引起了严重的水灾。‎ The league member saved a child, for which he was praised (=The league member saved a child that he was praised.共青团员救了一个孩子，因此他受到了表扬。‎ C表示“目的”意义 这类从句略似于in order to，in order that或带to不定式等表示的目的状语，汉语可译为“以便"等。‎ 例如 :‎ Envoys were sent who should promote friendly relations with other countries. ‎ ‎(= Envoys were sent so that friendly relations with other countries might be promoted.)派出使节以便促进与其他国家的友好关系。‎ They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. (= They set up separate state of their own in order that they might be free to keep Negroes as slaves there. )他们建立起一个单独的国家以便在那里可随意地，把黑人当作奴隶。‎ D表示“条件”意义 这类定语从句通常表示一种先决条件，汉语可译为“如果”、“只要”等。‎ 例如 :They said the clothes made of this magic cloth would be invisible to anyone who was unfit for the office he held. (= be invisible to him if anyone was unfit for the office he held.)他们说用这种魔布缝制的衣服，如果哪个人不称职，他就看不见。‎ A suggestion which will do a lot of good to the majority of the people is likely to be supported and accepted. (=If a suggestion will do a lot of good to the majority of the people, it is likely to… ) 如果一个建议会给大多数人带来许多益处的话，它就可能得到人们的支持，并被采纳。‎ E表示"让步”意义 这类定语从句在意义上相当于一个让步状语从句，常可译为“虽然"、"尽管"等。‎ 例如 :‎ This technique will help to minimize any increases in product costs which are inevitable in the present circumstances. ‎ ‎(=This technique will help to minimize any increases in product costs though they are inevitable…)‎ 这处技术将有助于使产品成本的增加数减至最小，虽然产品成本的增加在目前情况下是不可避免的。‎ Carl, who now holds an important position in a large chemical works, still remembers one afternoon in his first year when the professor took the students to the chemistry lab. (= Although he now holds an important position in a large chemical works, Carl still remembers….)‎ 卡尔现在虽然在一家大化工厂担任重要职务，但他至今还记得在他上大学一年级时有一天下午教授把学生带到化学实验室去。‎ F表示“对比”或“转折”意义 这类定语从句在意义上相当于并列连词but或while连接的并列分句。‎ 例如 :‎ Envoys were sent who should promote friendly He is a scholar, which I’m not. ‎ ‎(= He is a scholar while I'm not.)他是个学者，然而我却不是。‎ Trams, which disappeared from Britain many years ago, are still used in several European cities. (= Trams disappeared from Britain many years ago, but they are…)‎ 有轨电车多年前就在英国销声匿迹了，现在欧洲大陆上有几个城市却还在使用。‎ The day, which opened brightly, closed with a storm. (= The day opened brightly but closed with a storm.)这天清晨阳光灿烂，黄昏时却大风大雨。‎ G表示“叙述”、“补充”和“评注”等意义 这类定语从句在意义上相当于并列连词and连接的并列分句或独立的简单句。其从句一般都是非限制性的。‎ 例如 :He drew out two handfuls of golden sovereigns and handed them to John West, who passed them to Piggy. (=…to John West John West passed them to Piggy.)‎ 他从口袋里掏出两把价值一镑的金币，交给约翰·威斯特，约翰·威斯特就把这钱交给皮吉。‎ I threw the ball to Tom, who threw it to Ann. ( = I threw the ball to Tom and he threw it to Ann.)我把球扔给汤姆，汤姆又扔给安.‎ 以上两句都是表示"继续叙述"的意义，即作者把故事继续讲下去。再看其他几句：‎ These books, which are only a small part of my collection, I picked up in France(=These books I picked up in France. They are only a small part of my collection.)这些书是我在法国买的，它们在我的藏书中只占一小部分。‎ Bertrand Russell, whose philosophical writings made a profound impact on philosophers all over the world, died in 1970. (=Bertrand Russell died in 1970. His philosophical writings made a profound impact on philosophers all over the world. )‎ 伯特兰德·罗素死于1970年，他的哲学著作对全世界的哲学家都有深刻的影响。‎ 以上两句中的非限制性定语从句都是用于补充情况，即提出更多的有关事实。以下几句中的定语从句都是用于附加评注，即对前述事实提出说话者自己的看法。请比较：‎ He was ill in bed, which explains why he didn't tum up last night. (=He was ill in bed. This explains why…)他患病在床，这就是他昨天晚上没有来的原因。‎ He blamed me for everything, which I thought very unfair. (= he blamed me for everything. l thought this very unfair.)他把一切问题都归罪于我，我认为这很不公平。‎ He has given in his resignation, which was the best thing he could do in the circumstance. (= He has given in his resignation. This was the best thing…)他已经提出辞呈，这在当时情况下是最好的办法。‎ 由此可见，我们在阅读和翻译的过程中，不能机械地从形式上进行理解，而应该从意义上来考虑，要善于从字里行间发现定语从句和主句之间的逻辑关系。‎