高考英语二轮复习专题二完型填空第二节方法运用于命题

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高考英语二轮复习专题二完型填空第二节方法运用于命题

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 第二节 方法运用于命题 完形填空的常考命题 1.记叙文 记叙文主要是记人、叙事、写景、状物一类的文章,具体地说,它是借助叙述、描写、抒情 等手段记叙社会生活中的人、事、景、物的状态及其发展过程,用以表现作者的思想,抒发 某种情感的文章形式。 近年来高考记叙文主要以叙事、记人为主,解答记叙文体的完形填空时,应着重把握以下几 点:(1)抓住文章中心思想。中心思想是文章的灵魂和统帅,其他的写作要素都紧紧围绕这一 中心进行。(2)明确叙述角度。记叙文通常有两大叙述角度:第一和第三人称。第一人称就是 从“自我参与”的角度进行叙述;第三人称就是从“旁观者”的角度客观地记人、叙事、状 物。(3)理清写作顺序。根据写作的需要作者往往采用顺叙、倒叙或插叙等方法。(4)明确写 作要素。包括事件、人物、时间、地点、原因和结果等。 (5)洞悉写作目的。只有心中有了 目的,在情节选择和细节描写上才会作出合理的安排。明晰了写作目的,就能抓住文章的主 题。 2.夹叙夹议文 该类题目的特点是:作者先叙述一个事件,然后提出自己的见解或揭示蕴含的哲理,或是作 者边叙述边议论,揭示社会现象等。文章的显著特点是首句可能在传达一个事件信息或透视 一种社会现象,而后对此进行高层次评价,或由此引发一种深层次思考,具有记叙与议论的 双重性,文情并茂,发人深思。解题时,应借助上下文乃至全文的语境揣摩作者的心境,及 其对各个角色、各个事件的态度。在答题过程中,要理清文章的脉络与结构,把作者叙述的 故事和要表达的观点结合起来分析,并且要把握好关联词语,还要把握语气、动作等细节的 描写,从而与作者达到共鸣。 3.议论文 议论文通过剖析事物来论述道理、提出主张、发表见解等。这种文体一般由三个要素组成: 论点、论据、论证。要做好议论文类的完形填空最重要的是抓住作者的论点。不同的议论文 论点的提出方式往往不同,大体有以下三种情况:(1)开门见山式。提出论点→引用具体的论 据→总结全文。(2)导入式。叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象→针对问题, 提出论点→用论据说明论点。(3)结尾式。列举生活现象→分析具体现象→得出结论。对于纯 议论形式的完形填空,要在掌握全文主旨的情况下,抓好每段的主旨句。抓住了每段的主旨 句也就把握了文章的脉络,理解文章就容易了。 4.说明文 说明文一般语言简练,按照一定的规律介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系等。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 常见的说明文有人物介绍、产品说明、解说词、实验报告、习俗介绍、节日介绍等。 说明文的文章多用现在时态,语言平实、准确;常采用客观描述;文章主题明确,层次分明。 在解答说明类完形填空时注意下面的解题技巧:(1)明确说明对象,理清段落联系:通读全文, 明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、 总结每一段说明的侧重点,理清各段之间的逻辑联系,加深对说明对象的理解。(2)弄清说明 顺序,把握作者态度:在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行有条不紊 的解说。把握了说明顺序,就能准确把握文章的脉络,加深对整篇文章的理解。常见的说明 顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、 由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象等)。另外,在理清作者思路的基础 上,还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句,把握作者的写作情感和意思。 点津 无论哪个体裁的文章,考生都应先通读全文、掌握大意,然后多种解题方法并 用,即往往是多种方法解一种题,而不是一种方法对应一种题。 记叙文 (2017·天津) At my heaviest I weighed 370 pounds.I had a very poor relationship with food: I used it to 16 bad feelings,to make myself feel better,and to celebrate.Worried about my health,I tried many different kinds of 17 but nothing worked.I came to believe that I could do nothing about my 18 . When I was 50,my weight problem began to affect me 19 .I didn’t want to live the rest of my life with this 20 weight any more. That year,I 21 a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world.A seminar leader shared her 22 story—she had not only lost 125 pounds,but also raised 25,000 for homeless children. 23 by her story,I created the As We Heal(痊愈),the World Heals 24 .My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise 50,000 25 a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger.This combination of healing myself and healing the world 26 me as the perfect solution. 27 I began my own personal weight program,I was filled with the fear that I would 28 the same difficulties that beat me before.While the 29 hung over my head,there were also signs that I was headed down the right 30 .I sent letters to everyone I knew,telling them about my project.It worked perfectly.Donations began 31 in from hundreds of people. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 Of course,I also took some practical steps to lose weight.I consulted with a physician(内科医生),I hired a fitness coach,and I began to eat small and 32 meals.My fund-raising focus also gave me new motivation to exercise 33 . A year later,I 34 my goal:I lost 150 pounds and raised 50,000!I feel that I’ve been given a second life to devote to something that is 35 and enormous. 语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要讲述了自己深受体重的困扰,后来决心改变 自己,通过创办一个项目,在使自己的体重降下来的同时,还募集了很多资金,帮助 了别人。 16.A.add B.mix C.kill D.share 答案 C 解析 可用巧用上下文解答该题。根据下文中的“to make myself feel better”可知,此 处应填 kill,表示“用这种方式来消除负面情绪(kill bad feelings)”。add 增加;mix 混 合;kill 终止,结束;share 分享。 17.A.diets B.drinks C.fruits D.dishes 答案 A 解析 可用巧用上下文解答该题。根据上文提到的“weighed 370 pounds”以及 food,health 可知,此处是说“我尝试了很多不同的节食方法”。diet 节食;drink 饮料;fruit 水果; dish 菜肴。 18.A.height B.ability C.wisdom D.weight 答案 D 解析 可用巧用上下文解答该题。上文提到尝试了很多不同的节食方法,下文接着提到 weight problem,所以此处表示“我对自己的体重束手无策”。height 身高;ability 能力; wisdom 智慧;weight 体重。 19.A.temporarily B.recently C.seriously D.secretly 答案 C 解析 可用巧用上下文解答该题。根据后句“I didn’t want to live the rest of my life...”可知,体重问题开始严重地影响了“我”。temporarily 暂时地;recently 最近; seriously 严重地;secretly 秘密地。 20.A.ideal B.extra 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 C.normal D.low 答案 B 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。上文提到“我不想度过我的余生”,所以此 处应填 extra,表示“带着这些额外的体重”。ideal 理想的;extra 额外的;normal 正常的; low 低的。 21.A.attended B.organized C.recommended D.mentioned 答案 A 解析 可用巧用上下文解答该题。根据下文中的“we were asked to”可知,此处应是“我 参加了一个培训会”。attend 参加;organize 组织;recommend 推荐;mention 提及。 22.A.folk B.success C.adventure D.science 答案 B 解析 可用巧用上下文解答该题。根据下文中的“she had not only lost 125 pounds,but also raised 25,000”可知,分享的应是一个成功故事。folk 民间音乐;success 成功; adventure 冒险;science 科学。 23.A.Surprised B.Amused C.Influenced D.Disturbed 答案 C 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。根据上下文可知,受一位培训会领导者成功故事 的影响,作者创办了一个项目。surprise 使惊讶;amuse 逗笑;influence 影响;disturb 打扰。 24.A.project B.business C.system D.custom 答案 A 解析 可用巧用上下文解答该题。根据上文中的“we were asked to create a project”可 知,此处应填 project。project 项目;business 生意;system 系统;custom 风俗。 25.A.in search of B.in need of C.in place of D.in support of 答案 D 解析 可用巧用上下文、固定搭配法解答该题。募集 5 万美元来支持一个 30 年前成立的旨在 消除饥饿的运动。in search of 寻找;in need of 需要;in place of 代替;in support of 支持。 26.A.scared B.considered C.confused D.struck 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 答案 D 解析 可用巧用上下文、固定搭配法解答该题。这种治愈自己与治愈世界的结合,在“我” 看来是个完美的解决方法。scare 吓唬;consider 考虑;confuse 使困惑;strike 突然出现(在 脑海里)。strike sb.as sth.给某人以某种印象,让某人觉得。 27.A.As B.Until C.If D.Unless 答案 A 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。当“我”开始执行自己的个人减肥计划时, “我”充满了恐惧。此处用 as 引导时间状语从句。as 当……的时候;until 直到……为止; if 如果;unless 除非。 28.A.get over B.run into C.look for D.put aside 答案 B 解析 可用巧用上下文、固定搭配法解答该题。根据空前的 fear 和空后的 beat me before 可知,此处表示“遇到同样的困难”。get over 解决,克服;run into 遇到;look for 寻 找;put aside 把……放下,不考虑。 29.A.excitement B.joy C.anger D.fear 答案 D 解析 可用词汇复现法解答该题。根据上文中的“I was filled with the fear”可知,此 处应填 fear。excitement 兴奋;joy 喜悦;anger 愤怒;fear 恐惧。 30.A.row B.hall C.path D.street 答案 C 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。根据下文中的“It worked perfectly.”可 知,在“我”被恐惧笼罩的同时,也有了“我”朝着正确的路线前进的迹象。row 排,行; hall 大厅;path 路线,道路;street 街道。 31.A.breaking B.flooding C.jumping D.stepping 答案 B 解析 可用巧用上下文、固定搭配法解答该题。数以百计的人的捐款如潮水般涌来。break in 破门而入;flood in 涌入;jump in 突然插话;step in 走进,介入。 32.A.heavy B.full C.expensive D.healthy 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 答案 D 解析 可用巧用上下文解答该题。“我”也开始采取一些切实可行的措施来减肥。“我”咨 询内科医生,雇用健身教练,开始吃少量而有益健康的食物。heavy 重的;full 满的;expensive 昂贵的;healthy 有益健康的。 33.A.regularly B.limitlessly C.suddenly D.randomly 答案 A 解析 可用巧用上下文解答该题。“我”对筹款的关注也给了“我”新的动力去经常锻炼。 regularly 经常;limitlessly 无限地;suddenly 突然;randomly 随意地。 34.A.set B.reached C.missed D.dropped 答案 B 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。联系第四段中的“My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise 50,000...”和本段中的“I lost 150 pounds and raised 50,000!”可知,“我”实现了“我”的目标。set 树立,创立;reach 实现,达到;miss 错过,怀念;drop 停止,放弃。 35.A.stressful B.painful C.meaningful D.peaceful 答案 C 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。通读整篇文章可知,作者本人通过减肥这件 事,身心发生了很大的变化,所以此处是作者的感悟:“我”感觉自己被给予了第二次生命 来做有意义的大事。stressful 压力重的;painful 令人痛苦的;meaningful 有意义的; peaceful 宁静的。 夹叙夹议文 (2016·全国Ⅲ) When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.That meant 41 Miller King,who was the best 42 at our school. Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out.I carried my football everywhere for 43 . Just before September,Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm.I went to see him after he came back from 44 .He looked very 45 ,but he didn’t cry. That season,I 46 all of Miller’s records while he 47 the home games from 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 the bench.We went 10-1 and I was named the most valuable player, 48 I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s 49 . One afternoon,I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller 50 going over a fence—which wasn’t 51 to climb if you had both arms.I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept 52 from.But even that challenge he accepted.I 53 him move slowly over the fence.When we were finally 54 on the other side,he said to me,“You know,I didn’t tell you this during the season, but you did 55 .Thank you for filling in for 56 .” His words freed me from my bad 57 .I thought to myself,how even without an arm he was more of a leader.Damaged but not defeated,he was 58 ahead of me.I was right to have 59 him.From that day on,I grew 60 and a little more real. 语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,主要讲述了作者想成为校足球队的明星,通过帮助 受伤的 Miller King,使自己真正得到了成长。 41.A.cheering for B.beating out C.relying on D.staying with 答案 B 解析 可用巧用上下文解答该题。根据后半句“他是足球队中最优秀的球员”可知,要想成 为足球队的明星就要打败他。故选 B。 42.A.coach B.student C.teacher D.player 答案 D 解析 可用巧用上下文解答该题。根据语境此处应是足球队队员。故选 D。 43.A.practice B.show C.comfort D.pleasure 答案 A 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。因为赛季要开始了,所以作者为了达到目标 到处练习。故选 A。 44.A.school B.vacation C.hospital D.training 答案 C 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。因为 Miller 被车撞了,所以当他从医院回来 的时候,作者去看他。故选 C。 45.A.pale B.calm 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 C.relaxed D.ashamed 答案 A 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。因为刚从医院回来,身体还未康复,所以脸 色苍白。故选 A。 46.A.held B.broke C.set D.tried 答案 B 解析 可用巧用上下文、固定搭配解题法解答该题。根据下一句内容判断作者打破了纪录, 故用 break。break records 为固定搭配,意为“打破纪录”。故选 B。 47.A.reported B.judged C.organized D.watched 答案 D 解析 可用立体逻辑法解答该题。Miller 出车祸后不能像往常一样踢球,因此只能坐在凳子 上观看比赛。故选 D。 48.A.and B.then C.but D.thus 答案 C 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。前半句“作者被评为最有价值球员”和后一 句“作者常做梦受谴责”这两句话之间是转折关系。故选 C。 49.A.decision B.mistake C.accident D.sacrifice 答案 C 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。根据上文可知,此处应是 Miller 遭遇车祸受 伤的事故。故选 C。 50.A.stuck B.hurt C.tired D.lost 答案 A 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。Miller 因为失去了右臂,他过篱笆时被卡住 了。故选 A。 51.A.steady B.hard C.fun D.fit 答案 B 解析 可用立体逻辑法解答该题。对于有两个胳膊的正常人来说,越过篱笆应该不是一件困 难的事。故选 B。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 52.A.praise B.advice C.assistance D.apology 答案 C 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。因为 Miller 和作者两个人之间的竞争,所以 作者认为 Miller 并不想得到他的帮助。故选 C。 53.A.let B.helped C.had D.noticed 答案 B 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。根据上一句“But even that challenge he accepted.”可知,Miller 接受了帮助。故选 B。 54.A.dropped B.ready C.trapped D.safe 答案 D 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。根据语境,此处指当他们安全越过篱笆的时 候。故选 D。 55.A.fine B.wrong C.quickly D.normally 答案 A 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。根据语境,此处指作者在比赛中做得很好。 故选 A。 56.A.us B.yourself C.me D.them 答案 C 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。因为 Miller 受伤了,作者代替了他,此处是 Miller 说的感谢作者的话。故选 C。 57.A.memories B.ideas C.attitudes D.dreams 答案 D 解析 可用巧用上下文、复现法解答该题。根据上文可知,此处指 Miller 使作者从最初的那 些不好的梦中解脱了出来。与上文中的“had crazy dreams”互应。故选 D。 58.A.still B.also C.yet D.just 答案 A 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。作者虽然打破了 Miller 创造的纪录,但在作 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 10 者心中,他仍领先于作者。故选 A。 59.A.challenged B.cured C.invited D.admired 答案 D 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。此处指作者一直钦佩 Miller。故选 D。 60.A.healthier B.bigger C.cleverer D.cooler 答案 B 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。通过帮助受伤的 Miller,使自己真正得到了 成长。故选 B。 议论文 (2015·安徽) In our modern world,when something wears out,we throw it away and buy a new one.The 36 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 37 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before. How did we 38 a throwaway society?First of all,it is now easier to 39 an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 40 modern manufacturing (制 造 业 ) and technology , companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.Products are plentiful and 41 . Another cause is our 42 of disposable (一次性的) products.As 43 people, we are always looking for 44 to save time and make our lives easier.Companies 45 thousands of different kinds of disposable products:paper plates,plastic cups, and cameras,to name a few. Our appetite for new products also 46 to the problem.We are 47 buying new things.Advertisements persuade us that 48 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.The result is that we 49 useful possessions to make room for new ones. All around the world,we can see the 50 of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.To 51 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52 ,more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 53 ,this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem. Maybe there is another way out.We need to repair our possessions 54 throwing 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 11 them away.We also need to rethink our attitudes about 55 .Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment. 语篇解读 本文是议论文,主要讲的是堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响,造成这种 现象的原因及解决问题的办法。 36.A.key B.reason C.project D.problem 答案 D 解析 可用巧用上下文、词汇复现法、立体逻辑法解答该题。联系下文的“countries around the world have growing mountains of rubbish”可知,堆积如山的垃圾已经成了社会问题 (problem)了。key 关键;reason 原因;project 工程。 37.A.gifts B.rubbish C.debt D.products 答案 B 解析 可用巧用上下文、词汇复现法解答该题。根据下文中的“because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before”可知,因为人们扔的垃圾越来越多,垃圾已经堆积如 山。故选 B。文章倒数第二段中“Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.”也 是提示。 38.A.face B.become C.observe D.change 答案 B 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。由空后的 a throwaway society 及下文中的 几个原因可知,此句意为:我们是如何成为(become)一个一次性社会的?face 面对;observe 观察;change 变化。 39.A.hide B.control C.replace D.withdraw 答案 C 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。结合空前的 easier to 和下文的“than to spend time and money to repair it”可知,替换(replace)一件东西比花时间和金钱修理 它要容易得多。hide 藏;control 控制;withdraw 撤回,退出。 40.A.Thanks to B.As to C.Except for D.Regardless of 答案 A 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 12 解析 可用立体逻辑法解答该题。“modern manufacturing(制造业) and technology”是 “companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively”的原因,因此 用 thanks to“多亏,由于”。as to 至于;except for 除了;regardless of 不管,不考虑。 41.A.safe B.funny C.cheap D.powerful 答案 C 解析 可用巧用上下文、词汇复现法、立体逻辑法解答该题。结合前文的 quickly and inexpensively 可知此处是指“产品充足,价格便宜(cheap)”。safe 安全的;funny 有趣的; powerful 强有力的。 42.A.love B.lack C.prevention D.division 答案 A 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。从下文“we are always looking for ways to save time and make our lives easier”可知,我们对于一次性产品的喜爱(love)是我们制 造太多垃圾的另一个原因。lack 缺乏;prevention 阻止;division 分开,分割。 43.A.sensitive B.kind C.brave D.busy 答案 D 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。从下文的“to save time and make our lives easier”可知,我们是一些忙碌的(busy)人。sensitive 善解人意的;kind 善良的;brave 勇敢的。 44.A.ways B.places C.jobs D.friends 答案 A 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。上文讲到一次性产品的使用,因此我们总是 寻找能节省时间和让我们的生活变得更容易的方式(ways)。place 地方;job 工作;friend 朋友。 45.A.donate B.receive C.produce D.preserve 答案 C 解析 可用固定搭配解题法、立体逻辑法解答该题。由主语 Companies 可知,工厂应该是生 产(produce)大量的一次性产品。donate 捐赠;receive 收到;preserve 保存。 46.A.adapts B.returns C.responds D.contributes 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 13 答案 D 解析 可用固定搭配解题法、立体逻辑法解答该题。联系空前的“Our appetite for new products also”可知,我们对新产品的渴望也导致了这个问题。contribute to 为固定搭配, 意为“是……的原因,促成,导致”符合语境。adapt 适应;return 返回;respond 回答, 回应。 47.A.tired of B.addicted to C.worried about D.ashamed for 答案 B 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。结合“Our appetite for new products”可 知,我们是对购买新的东西上瘾(be addicted to)了。be tired of 厌倦;be worried about 担心;be ashamed for 羞愧于。 48.A.newer B.stronger C.higher D.larger 答案 A 解析 可用巧用上下文、词汇复现法解答该题。上句中的 new things 及空后的“with the latest products”都暗示该空填 newer。广告说服我们,越新的越好……。strong 强壮的; high 高的;large 大的。 49.A.pick up B.pay for C.hold onto D.throw away 答案 D 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法、词汇复现法解答该题。联系后文的“to make room for new ones”及下一段首句中的“this throwaway lifestyle”可知,我们常常是扔掉(throw away)还有用的物品,去给新的东西腾出地方。pick up 捡起,收听,学会;pay for 支付; hold onto 抓住不放。 50.A.advantages B.purposes C.functions D.consequences 答案 D 解析 可用立体逻辑法解答该题。从下文的“Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.” 可 知 , 在 全 世 界 我 们 都 可 以 看 到 这 种 一 次 性 的 生 活 方 式 所 带 来 的 后 果 (consequences)。advantage 好处;purpose 目的;function 功能。 51.A.show B.record C.decrease D.measure 答案 C 解析 可用立体逻辑法解答该题。结合下文的“more governments are requiring people to 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 14 recycle materials”可知,这样做是为了减少(decrease)垃圾的数量。show 展示;record 记录;measure 测量。 52.A.technology B.environment C.consumers D.brands 答案 B 解析 可用立体逻辑法解答该题。减少垃圾,回收利用的目的就是保护环境(environment)。 53.A.However B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.Meanwhile 答案 A 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。上一句为减少垃圾,保护环境的措施,空后 为“this is not enough to solve(解决) our problem”,由此可知,空前后为转折关系, 故用 however。otherwise 否则;therefore 因此;meanwhile 同时。 54.A.by B.in favour of C.after D.instead of 答案 D 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。从空前的“We need to repair our possessions”可知,我们需要修理我们的物品再用,而不是(instead of)扔掉它们。by 通 过;in favour of 支持;after 在……之后。 55.A.spending B.collecting C.repairing D.advertising 答案 A 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。结合上文“Our appetite for new products” 及下文“Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits...”可知,我们 也需要重新考虑我们的消费(spending)态度了。collect 收集;repair 修理;advertise 做 广告。 说明文 (2015·重庆) Imagine the first days in a new time zone.Slow to respond to the 28 ,your body clock is confused.You’re sleepy all day,but when it’s time for bed,you can hardly fall asleep.Obviously you’re 29 jet lag(时差反应). Travelers have traditionally fought this 30 with sleeping pills or alcohol.There are actually healthier ways that can work just as 31 . 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 15 For example,the moment you get on the airplane,start 32 your biological clock to the destination’s time.If it’s daytime in your destination,try to stay 33 .Walking around the cabin(客舱) can be of help.When it’s nighttime,try to sleep.In that case,eat before the flight, 34 an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping.These tips will help you start a new 35 of sleep and wakefulness. 语篇解读 本文为说明文,介绍了时差反应及几种实用的应对方法。 28.A.flight B.change C.demand D.climate 答案 B 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。根据空前面的 a new time zone 和下文黑白 颠倒的细节可知,到新的时区环境等都发生了变化。 29.A.suffering from B.working on C.looking into D.leading to 答案 A 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。suffer from 遭受;work on 从事;look into 调查;lead to 导致。很明显,上文提到的不良反应是因为遭受到时差反应。 30.A.danger B.problem C.waste D.fear 答案 B 解析 可用立体逻辑法解答该题。旅行者传统上会用安眠药和酒精来解决这个问题。 31.A.briefly B.slowly C.suddenly D.effectively 答案 D 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。除了用安眠药和酒精,还有一些方法更健康 而同样有效。briefly 简要地;slowly 慢慢地;suddenly 突然地;effectively 有效地。 32.A.checking B.sending C.adjusting D.stopping 答案 C 解析 可用立体逻辑法解答该题。句意为:当你登上飞机的时候,你就要把生物钟调整到目 的地的时间。adjust 调整,符合句意。 33.A.awake B.alone C.hungry D.calm 答案 A 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 16 解析 可用立体逻辑法解答该题。句意为:如果你的目的地的时间是白天,你就应该保持醒着。 34.A.though B.so C.while D.or 答案 D 解析 可用立体逻辑法解答该题。句意为:上飞机前应吃饭,否则空着肚子会让你睡不着。 or 否则,符合句意。 35.A.understanding B.cycle C.research D.trend 答案 B 解析 可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。句意为:这些方法能够帮你建立一个新的睡 眠和清醒的循环。understanding 理解;cycle 循环;research 研究;trend 倾向。故选 B 项。 跟踪训练 1 (2017·河东区二模) I was only eight years old when the Second World War ended,but I can still remember something about the victory celebrations.It was in the small town 1 I lived on the day when the war in Europe 2 .We had not suffered much from the war there, though,like most children of my age.I often saw 3 houses in the streets and the very big army lorries 4 through.But both at home and at school I had become 5 to the phrases “before the war”and “when the war is over”.“Before the war”, obviously, 6 had been better,though I was too young to understand why, 7 there had been no bombs then,and people had eaten things like ice cream and bananas, which I had 8 heard of.When the war was over we would go back to London,but this meant very 9 to me.I did not remember what London was like. What I remember now 10 V-Day was the afternoon and the evening.Some boys and girls were collecting 11 and building an enormous bonfire.We stood and watched them for a time,and then I went home and 12 myself in with my key and waited for my parents to come back from work. It was May and still broad 13 when my mother arrived,and my father came in about an hour later.After dinner I said I wanted to 14 the bonfire,so when it got dark my father took me to the end of the street.The bonfire was very 15 , 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 17 and somehow people had collected some old clothes to 16 “Hitler” with the moustache they had put on top of it.Just as we arrived,they set light to it.The flames 17 soon.Everyone was cheering and shouting. I stood beside my father until the 18 started to go down,not knowing what to say.He said nothing,either.He had 19 in the First World War and remembered everything he had experienced.At last he said,“Well,that’s it,son.Let’s hope that this time it really will be the 20 one.” 语篇解读 作者回忆了二战结束时,居住在小镇上的人们举行的庆祝活动。 1.A.which B.that C.where D.what 答案 C 解析 定语从句已经完整,但缺少地点状语,应使用关系副词 where 引导,故选 C。 2.A.started B.ended C.heard D.continued 答案 B 解析 根据前面的“庆祝胜利”可知是战争“结束”的那一天,故本题答案为 B。 3.A.bombed B.rebuilt C.crowded D.enlarged 答案 A 解析 根据句意“我经常看到街上有被炸弹炸过的房子”,可知本题答案为 A。 4.A.putting B.looking C.passing D.reading 答案 C 解析 根据句意“我经常看到街上有被炸弹炸过的房子和非常大的军用卡车通过”,可知本 题答案为 C。 5.A.engaged B.related C.used D.devoted 答案 C 解析 句意为:但是不管是在家里还是在学校我都已经习惯了“战前”与“战后”这两个短 语。be/become used to 习惯于。故本题答案为 C。 6.A.food B.things C.news D.houses 答案 B 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 18 解析 句意为:虽然我太小无法理解为什么,但是很明显,“战前”形势要好很多,除了那 时候没有炸弹,人们还可以吃到我只听说过的冰淇淋和香蕉。根据句意可知本题答案为 B。 7.A.except that B.now that C.for fear that D.in order that 答案 A 解析 参考上题解析。except that 除了……之外,符合语境。 8.A.never B.hardly C.already D.only 答案 D 解析 参考上题解析。only 只,仅仅。故选 D。 9.A.much B.little C.great D.important 答案 B 解析 句意这:战争结束后我们要返回到伦敦,但是这对我而言意义不大。我都不记得伦敦 是什么样子了。故本题答案为 B。mean a lot/little to sb.对某人意义重大/意义不大。 10.A.for B.on C.about D.during 答案 C 解析 根据句意“关于胜利日现在我记得的就是那个下午和晚上”,可知本题答案为 C。 11.A.money B.wood C.information D.clothes 答案 B 解析 根据句意“一些男孩和女孩在捡柴,堆起一堆巨大的篝火”,可知本题答案为 B。 12.A.showed B.allowed C.let D.called 答案 C 解析 根据句意“然后我就回家,用钥匙开门让自己进去”,可知本题答案为 C。let sb.in 让某人进去。 13.A.early B.daylight C.dark D.warm 答案 B 解析 根据句意“已经五月份了,当我妈妈回家的时候仍然是大白天”,可知本题答案为 B。 后文中的“when it got dark”也是提示。 14.A.disappear B.light 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 19 C.find D.see 答案 D 解析 根据句意“晚饭之后我说我想看篝火”,可知本题答案为 D。 15.A.far B.hot C.dangerous D.high 答案 D 解析 句意为:篝火很高,并且不知怎么地人们找了一些旧衣服给放在火上方留着胡子的“希 特勒”穿上。故本题答案为 D。 16.A.draw B.paint C.write D.dress 答案 D 解析 参考上题解析。dress sb.给某人穿衣,符合语境,故选 D。 17.A.disappeared B.rose C.happened D.came 答案 B 解析 根据句意“火焰很快升起来了”,可知本题答案为 B。 18.A.sun B.moon C.fire D.noise 答案 C 解析 根据句意“我站在父亲旁边直到火慢慢熄灭”,可知本题答案为 C。 19.A.fought B.worked C.grown D.changed 答案 A 解析 根据句意“他参加了第一次世界大战,记得他所经历的一切”,可知本题答案为 A。 20.A.best B.first C.last D.worst 答案 C 解析 根据句意“让我们希望这将是最后一场战争吧”,可知本题答案为 C。 2 (2016·天津高考压轴卷) Speaking Up I never looked up when my friends were talking and joking about the mentally challenged boy a few tables away.It didn’t even cross my mind that he might feel 21 when people whispered about him.So I just let them talk. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 20 Then came the day when I learned my little brother Martin’s testing for autism(自 闭症) came out positive(阳性).I had never thought about him like that.I broke 22 , crying. Everything had just changed.He was no longer a(n) 23 little boy. Over time,I was able to accept his 24 a little more.We had to 25 because Martin needed treatment.So Martin and I both started at a new school.One day,I was standing in the bus line waiting when a “short” bus (for the mentally challenged) came and 26 up some kids.The children in the other line started making 27 about the kids on that bus and I felt a 28 feeling in my heart.I said quietly that those comments weren’t very nice, 29 no one listened. My family moved again.In the new school I got a 30 to speak up pretty soon.That day,in a band class,my teacher 31 our playing to make some comments, “...Guys,you’re playing like the kids on the short bus!Come on!”The entire room was laughing loudly.I felt very 32 .Then,I raised my hand.I wasn’t sure what I was going to say but I wanted to be heard. The whole class 33 down.My mouth opened and this came out:“I don’t think we should make fun of the kids on the short bus,because there are people on that bus who have a lot in common with us and have the same feelings as we do.” I could feel my 34 getting louder.“So I would 35 it if you didn’t make fun of them.” The room was very quiet and everyone stared at me.My teacher 36 for his words and then started the song again.At the end of the class,everyone was giving me strange looks.But I didn’t 37 ,because I knew three things:I had spoken the 38 , I had taught everyone something,and while everyone in the classroom was being a follower,I had 39 to take a different path since I wanted to become a 40 and a role model. 语篇解读 本文为记叙文,题材为个人经历。当我弟弟被诊断出自闭症后,我才意识 到不应该取笑那些有智力障碍的人,并大胆地在课堂上纠正老师说的话。 21.A.amazed B.hurt C.uncertain D.cold 答案 B 解析 当人们悄悄地议论他时我并没有想到他可能会受到伤害。 22.A.off B.in 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 21 C.down D.away 答案 C 解析 我崩溃(break down)了,大哭起来。 23.A.normal B.noisy C.outstanding D.impressive 答案 A 解析 根据上文“Then came the day when I learned my little brother Martin’s testing for autism(自闭症) came out positive(阳性).”可知,他不再是个正常的小男孩了,故 选 A。 24.A.pain B.interest C.opinion D.illness 答案 D 解析 随着时间的推移,我能接受他的疾病了。 25.A.change B.move C.quit D.study 答案 B 解析 因为 Martin 需要治疗,所以我们不得不搬家。 26.A.set B.took C.brought D.picked 答案 D 解析 pick up 接载,符合语境。 27.A.jokes B.complaints C.choices D.discoveries 答案 A 解析 在另一队排队等车的孩子开始嘲笑那辆车上有智力障碍的孩子。 28.A.violent B.strange C.confusing D.clear 答案 B 解析 我心里有种异样的感觉。根据语境可知因为有了患自闭症的弟弟,所以作者对这些话 题有了异样的感觉,故选 B。 29.A.because B.if C.but D.so 答案 C 解析 我小声说,那些评论不是很好,但没有人听。根据语境可知此处表示转折关系,故选 but。 30.A.chance B.position 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 22 C.topic D.point 答案 A 解析 在新学校,我有机会能表明自己的观点。get a chance to do sth.有机会做某事。 31.A.encouraged B.bothered C.enjoyed D.stopped 答案 D 解析 我的老师打断了我们的演奏,发表了一些评论。 32.A.bad B.embarrassed C.tense D.guilty 答案 A 解析 我感觉很糟糕。根据上文的“Guys,you’re playing like the kids on the short bus! Come on!”可知选 A。 33.A.sat B.slowed C.quieted D.looked 答案 C 解析 整个班级安静下来。quiet down 安静下来。 34.A.pace B.voice C.pulse D.breath 答案 B 解析 我能感觉到我的声音越来越响亮。根据语境可知作者很激动,故选 B。 35.A.excuse B.appreciate C.stand D.permit 答案 B 解析 因此如果你们不取笑他们我会不胜感激。 36.A.apologized B.fought C.allowed D.argued 答案 A 解析 我的老师为他所说的话道歉。apologize for sth.为……道歉。 37.A.understand B.notice C.return D.care 答案 D 解析 但是我并不在乎。 38.A.wisdom B.importance C.matter D.truth 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 23 答案 D 解析 我说的是事实。 39.A.helped B.decided C.agreed D.hoped 答案 B 解析 我教会了大家某种东西,尽管班里每个人都是追随者,但是我决定走一条不同的路。 decide to do sth.决定做某事。 40.A.reporter B.thinker C.leader D.trainer 答案 C 解析 因为我想成为一个引领者。根据 a role model 可知选 C。
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