名师精编详解中考英语综合题解含易错题

名师精编详解中考英语综合题解含易错题

‎2009年名师精编详解中考英语综合题解（含易错题）‎ 中考英语综合填空模拟题·附详解 在短文的空格内填入适当的词。使其内容通顺，首字母已给。每空格限填一词。‎ Bedtime stories are one of the delights(喜悦) of early childhood. But a________(1) to Dr. Julie Spreadbury from Queensland, parents s________(2) not speed up reading to their children after they entered primary school. She says listening to, reading and d________(3) the stories help children's relaxation.‎ My theory (理论) is that when children can read t________(4), most parents stop reading to them, Dr. Spreadbury says.‎ That may be at the end of the Year 1, which is far too informal (非正式).‎ Dr. Spreadbury says bedtime reading n________(5) only gives children a good b________(6) at school, but also brings parents and their children closer. This makes it funnier for them to open up and talk to parents about things that are worrying them, o________(7) things they are reading in their everyday life.‎ 答案与解析：‎ ‎1.according。 依上下文和句式结构，应用介词，according to 意指“根据------”。‎ ‎2.should。 所缺单词后有谓语动词，填入助动词或情态动词合适，should这里是情态动词，意思是“应该”。‎ ‎3.discussing。 空白处应填与前面reading并列的单词。‎ ‎4.themselves。 本题有一定的难度。Read后必须接以“t”打头的宾语，能够想到用反身代词的恐怕不多。‎ ‎5.not。 后面有but also，前面与之相对的应该是“noy only”。‎ ‎6.beginning。 good后需填名词，依语意用beginning比较恰当。‎ ‎7.or。 后面的句式结构与前面相同，填or，意思是“或者”。‎ ‎ ‎ 先阅读短文，在其后空白处写出各单词的正确形式,单词的第一个字母已给出。 ‎ British Milkman Steve Leech saved some shops and flats(公寓) with milk and won a National Bravery Awaid.‎ Leech, 35 years old, said that when he was sending out milk as u____(1) along Pine Street, he s____(2) heard a loud, strange sound behind him and then he saw smoke ‎ coming out of a shop in Cornwall, southern England. "That must be a fire, I t____(3)," Leech said."Then I quickly d____(4) to do something. So I p____(5) the door in and then I s____(6) for the people inside. Then I started pouring milk e______(7). "He used 320 pints of milk to stop the fire. When firefighters r____(8) the shop, the fire was under control.‎ Leech helped save the 1____ (9) of eight people in the flats above the shops. "It was hard work o____(10) all those bottles. But it was even harder trying to tell my boss where all the milk had gone," Leech said jokingly.‎ 答案与解析：‎ ‎1. usual。as usual 意思是“像往常一样”。‎ ‎2. suddenly。空后是“动宾”结构，此处应用副词，suddenly指事情的突然。‎ ‎3. thought。前面的must be 表示“推测”，所以用“thought”比较合理。‎ ‎4. decided。依据前面的“thought”和后面的一系列动作。decide to do sth. 用于表示“决定做某事”。‎ ‎5. pushed。后面是“door”，又要填一个以“p”打头的词，push the door(推门)搭配合理。‎ ‎6. shouted。里面着了火，进门后“shout”更合情理。‎ ‎7. everywhere。前面句子主、谓、宾具全，结合后面的“used 320 pints of milk to stop the fire”，显然是用奶灭的火。用“everywhere”表明“到处都是奶”。‎ ‎8. reached。结合文意和语法结构，动词后是名词，显然要用一个以“r”打头的及物动词。‎ ‎9. lives。the lives of eight people意指“八条人命”。‎ ‎10. opening。结合上下文，倒奶救火、救人。倒奶容易，但“开那么多奶瓶”确是不易。注意，这里的opening是动名词，作句子的真正主语。‎ 根据上下文和括号里的汉语提示，在下面短文的空白处写出正确的单词或词组。使短文意思完整，语句连贯。 ‎ Most of us 1_______(忙于) talking about and using the Internet every day, but how many of us know the 2______(历史) of the Internet? Many people are 3_______(感到惊奇) when they find that the Internet was set up in the 1960s. 4_______ (那时 ), computers were large and 5_______(贵的). Computer networks didn't work 6______ (好) .If there was 7_______(出故障) with one computer in the netr work, the whole network stopped, so a new network system had to be set up. It should be good enough to be used by many 8______(不同的) kinds of ‎ computers. If 9______(任何部分) of the network was not working, information could be sent through another part. 10______(用这种方法) computer network system would keep on working all the time.... ‎ 答案分析 ‎1. are busy。 "忙于做某事"一般用"be busy doing sth."，"be"动词必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致。 ‎ ‎2. history。 直译即可。 ‎ ‎3. surprised。 "感到惊奇"一般用"be surprised"形式。 ‎ ‎4. At the time。 直译即可。 ‎ ‎5. expensive/dear。 直译即可。 ‎ ‎6. well。 修饰动词"work"要用副词的"好"。 ‎ ‎7. something wrong。 根据句式，我们看出这是一个"there be"句型，后面又有"with"，应该能想到"There is something wrong with……"句型。 ‎ ‎8. different。 直译，用形容词形式。 ‎ ‎9. any part。 直译，注意"part"用单数形式。 ‎ ‎10. In this way。 直接翻译即可 中考动词填空模拟题精编 ‎ ‎ 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1. ________ it ________(cost) much to live in Guanghzhou?‎ ‎2. The teacher ________(look) at the clean classroom and said we had done a good job.‎ ‎3. Anita ________(change) greatly in the last two years.‎ ‎4. I heard her ________(sing) aloud in the next room at that time. ‎ ‎5. It was said that some foreigners ________(visit) Changsha the next week.‎ ‎6. Why are there so many people over there? Let’s ________(go) and see what is going on.‎ ‎7. ________(not make) so much noise, Tom. Dad is reading in the study now.‎ ‎8. Look! Li Lei and Lin Tao ________(work) hard over there.‎ ‎9. The swimmers of our school ________(get) many prizes in the competition last year. ‎ ‎10. I ________(return) the book to the library already.‎ ‎11. You look so tired and need to stop ________(have) a good rest.‎ ‎12. Something must ________(do) to build up a Great Green Wall successfully.‎ ‎【答案与解析】 ‎ ‎1. Don’t make。这句话的意思是：汤姆，不要这样吵，爸爸正在书房里看书。这是一个祈使句，命令他人不要做某事用“Don’t + 动词原形”来表示。‎ ‎2. are working。这句话的意思是：看！李雷和林涛正在那边努力学习。 look作状语使用时，句子要用现在进行时。‎ ‎3. got。这句话的意思是：在去年的比赛中，我们学校的游泳队员获了很多奖。由句中的 last year 可知要用一般过去时。‎ ‎4. have returned。这句话的意思是：我已经把那本书还给了图书馆。属于过去所做的事对现在造成了影响，因此要用现在完成时。根据副词already也能推测出用现在完成时。‎ ‎5. to have。这句话的意思是：你看起来非常疲倦，需要停下来好好休息。表示“停下来去做另外一件事情”时要用stop to do。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6. be done。这句话的意思是：必须采取措施成功建成绿色长城。这是对目前的要求，因此，要用一般现在时；Something 是 do 这一动作的承受者，因此要用被动语态。‎ ‎7. Does, cost。这句话的意思是：住在广州花费多吗？问的是现在的情况，因此要用一般现在时。又因形式主语it是第三人称单数，所以要用助动词does。‎ ‎8. looked。这句话的意思是：老师看着扫得干干净净的教室说我们干得好。在这个句子中，所填动词与said都是“老师”发出的动作，是并列谓语，故填looked(from www.zkenglish.com)。‎ ‎9. have changed。这句话的意思是：在过去两年中阿妮塔变化很大。属于从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的情况。因此要用现在完成时。‎ ‎10. singing。这句话的意思是：那时我听见她正在隔壁房间里唱歌。作宾语补足语且表示现在正在进行的动作时，要用动词的-ing形式。‎ ‎11. would visit。这句话的意思是：据说下周将有一些外宾访问长沙。属于从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作，因此要用过去将来时。‎ ‎12. go。这句话的意思是：那边为什么聚了那么多人？咱们去看看发生了什么事情。动词let后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to。‎ ‎ ‎ 备考动词填空的经典答题方法 一、锁定时间状语法 每一种动词的时态都有其固定的时间状语。根据时间状语一般能判断出动词的时态。如：一般现在时常与usually, often, sometimes, always, every day等表示现在的时间状语连用；一般过去时常与yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, just now, a week ago, once, long before, the other day等表示过去的时间状语连用；一般将来时常与tomorrow, next week, this month, in a week, soon, the day after tomorrow等表示将来的时间状语连用；现在进行时常与now, this week, these days等表示现在的时间状语连用；过去进行时常与this time yesterday, at two yesterday afternoon, at that time, last night, those days等表示过去的时间状语连用；现在完成时常与already, yet, just, ever, never等副词和 “for + 时间段”或“since + 时间点”连用；过去完成时常与by the end of last term (month…), before that day, by then, last night, 或与由when, before, after, as soon as, until, by the time等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句连用。‎ 二、锁定句子意境法 对于没有时间状语的句子，要根据句子所表示的意境来确定时态。或者根据前后句或主从句的语境和关系来确定动词的时态。如：look, listen等动词作状语使用时，句子要用现在进行时；在宾语从句中，主句为一般过去时，从句也要用某种过去时态；在条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时，主句就要用一般将来时等。‎ 三、锁定主谓关系法 这种方法主要判断一个句子是不是被动语态。当主语是谓语动词这一动作的承受者时，就是被动语态。否则，就不是被动语态。‎ 四、锁定宾语宾语补足语法 这种方法主要用于确定是不是非谓语动词。动词不定式，动词的-ing形式通常在句子中作宾语或宾语补足语。如：及物动词want, try, hope, decide等后面常用动词不定式作宾语；及物动词keep, go, finish, enjoy等后面常接动词的-ing 形式作宾语；动词stop, remember, forget等之后接动词不定式和动词的-ing 形式表示的意思不一样；动词let, see, hear, make, feel等使役动词或感官动词后所接的动词不定式不带to，如果变成被动语态则要带to。‎ ‎ ‎ 中考英语动词填空考点归纳 一、考查谓语动词的时态 就近年来的中考题而言，常考的动词的时态有：一般现在时、一般将来时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时等。如：‎ ‎1. 一般现在时 My father is very busy. He ________(go) to work early every morning. ‎ ‎【答案】goes ‎2. 一般将来时 ‎—What’s your plan for the coming holiday? ‎ ‎—I ________(visit ) Beijing if possible. ‎ ‎【答案】will / am going to visit ‎3. 一般过去时 Jack ________(begin) to write a book about his journey two weeks ago.‎ ‎【答案】began ‎4. 现在进行时 ‎—Where is Jim now? ‎ ‎— He ________(water) some flowers in the garden. ‎ ‎【答案】is watering ‎5. 过去进行时 They ________(talk) about the TV play when I came into the room yesterday. ‎ ‎【答案】were talking ‎6. 现在完成时 Mr Chen ________(teach) English in our school for ten years. ‎ ‎【答案】has taught ‎7. 过去完成时 Mike told me that he ________(be) to New York twice. ‎ ‎【答案】had been 二、考查谓语动词的语态 就近年的中考题而言，常考的动词的语态有：一般现在时的被动语态、一般将来时的被动语态、一般过去时的被动语态等。如：‎ ‎1. 一般现在时的被动语态 Paper________(make) from wood.‎ ‎【答案】is made ‎2. 一般将来时的被动语态 What do you think ________(talk) about at the meeting tomorrow? ‎ ‎【答案】will be talked ‎3. 一般过去时的被动语态 How many fridges ________(produce) in China last year? ‎ ‎【答案】were produced 三、考查非谓语动词 主要考查动词不定式和动词的-ing形式在句子中充当宾语和宾语补足语，以及其他搭配及常见用法。如：‎ ‎1. Doctors often tell us ________(drink) more water every day. ‎ ‎【答案】to drink ‎2. When I walked past his house, I heard him ________(play) the piano. ‎ ‎【答案】playing ‎3. The heavy snow stopped them from ________(leave) the hotel. ‎ ‎【答案】leaving 中考英语单项填空15题 ‎1. The boy has breakfast ______ home. ‎ A. on B. from C. in D. at ‎2. We must keep the classroom ______. ‎ A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned ‎3. She ______ know the answer, but I’m not sure. ‎ A. maybe B. may be C. may D. must ‎4. There is ______ in today’s newspaper. ‎ A. nothing new B. anything new        C. new anything  D. new something ‎5. —You look rather tired. ______ stop to take a rest?‎ ‎—All right. But I’ll have to work for a few more minutes. ‎ A. Why not B. Do you                 C. What about D. How about ‎6. I’ve ______ the word in several dictionaries, but I can’t ______ how to use the word correctly. ‎ A. looked in; find out B. looked up; find out C. looked up; find D. looked for; find ‎7. My father will have a ______ holiday next month. He’ll take me to Qingdao. ‎ A. ten days B. ten days’  C. ten-days  D. ten day’s ‎8. —Hi, Tom! Can you tell me when ______ for London?‎ ‎ —Yes, tomorrow afternoon. ‎ A. leaving  B. leaves  C. to leave  D. are you leaving ‎9. —Will you please write a short passage on “Meteor‎ ‎Garden” and ______ it to me this evening?‎ ‎—What about tomorrow? My computer doesn’t work okay now. ‎ A. give  B. e-mail  C. take  D. bring ‎10. There will be a volleyball match in our school, ______ ?‎ ‎ A. be there B. is there  C. will there  D. won’t there ‎11. —You don’t look well, what’s wrong with you, Wang Ming?‎ ‎—Last night I watched the football match and didn’t go to bed ______ 12 o’clock. ‎ A. when B. until C. as D. while ‎12. Don’t worry, sir. I’m sure I can run ______ to catch up with them. ‎ A. slowly enough  B. enough slowly      C. fast enough D. enough fast ‎13. —Where do you think ______ he ______the computer?‎ ‎—Sorry, I have no idea. ‎ A. /; bought  B. has; bought  C. did; buy  D. does; buy ‎14. —Is there anything wrong with my son, doctor?‎ ‎—______. ‎ A. Do it, please            B. I don’t mind         C. I don’t feel very well  D. Nothing serious ‎15. —Can you tell me why ______?‎ ‎—Because I want to help the people there. ‎ A. do you go to Tibet  B. did you go to ‎Tibet C. are you going to Tibet  D. you are going to ‎Tibet ‎ ‎ 答案与解析：‎ ‎1. D. at home(在家)，固定短语。‎ ‎2. A.“keep + n. + adj.”表示“使处于某种状态”，形容词作宾语补足语。‎ ‎3. A. maybe是副词，意为“可能；也许”，在句中作状语。may be是两个不同的词，其中，may是情态动词，be是连系动词，在句中作谓语。‎ ‎4. A. 形容词修饰不定代词something, anything, nothing等时要后置，即放在被修饰的词之后。‎ ‎5. A. Why not do... ?意为“为什么不……？”，表示建议。What about... ?和How about... ?中的about是介词，后跟名词或动词-ing形式。‎ ‎6. C. look up意为“(在辞典/参考书中)查找”；find意为“找到，发现”。B项find out意为“查出(事实真相)等”，与题意不符。‎ ‎7. B. 名词所有格表示时间(from www.zkenglish.com)。‎ ‎8. C. 考查“疑问词+不定式”作宾语的用法。D项错在语序是疑问语序，宾语从句要用陈述语序。‎ ‎9. B. e-mail作动词用，意思是“发电子邮件”。A, C，D三个选项与computer无关。‎ ‎10. D. 考查there be句型的反意疑问句。陈述部分是肯定句，疑问部分用否定结构。‎ ‎11. B. not... until表示“直到……才”，习惯用语。‎ ‎12. C. enough修饰副词要放在被修饰的词之后。‎ ‎13. A. where作地点状语，正常语序是Do you think where he bought the computer?‎ ‎14. D. Nothing serious(不要紧；无大碍)是医生用来安慰病人的常用语。其他三项与题意不符。‎ ‎15. D. 宾语从句要用陈述语序。‎ 回答问题式阅读理解（有解析）‎ ‎ ‎ Have you ever heard of a girl of 15, who set up a company of her own? Wendy Wong is the girl. She started the business two years ago. She has already written several successful computer games. They are so popular that over half a million games are sold every year. Now all of her family work in her business, and she is still at school.‎ She gets up early in the morning, and then she talks with her family about the business over breakfast. Every day she goes to school in her own car with a driver, for she is not old enough.‎ She enjoys her school, but some of the work is too easy for her to feel interested. She usually gets ‘A’ grades in all her subjects, so the other students often ask her for help. ‎ She finished her homework in half an hour after her driver takes her home. After dinner, she goes to her office and goes on working on her computer, writing games until 2 am. She does not usually need so much sleep as other children.‎ 根据短文内容，回答问题。‎ ‎1. When did Wendy Wong start the business?‎ ‎________________________________________________ ‎ ‎2. What has Wendy Wong already written successful?‎ ‎________________________________________________‎ ‎3. How does Wendy Wong go to school every day?‎ ‎________________________________________________‎ ‎4. How about her grades in all her subjects?‎ ‎________________________________________________‎ ‎5. How long can she finish her homework?‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎1. At the age of thirteen。所问的问题是“Wendy Wong什么时候开始做生意?” 根据Have you ever heard of a girl of 15, who set up a company of her own? Wendy Wong is the girl. She started the business two years ago(你曾经听说过一个15岁办了属于自己的公司的女孩吗? Wendy Wong就是这个办公司的女孩，她两年以前就开始做生意 )就能作出上述回答。‎ ‎2. Computer games。所问的问题是“她成功地写出了什么?”根据 She has already written several successful computer games(她已经成功地写出了几部游戏程序)就能作出上述回答。‎ ‎3. In her own car with a driver。所问的问题是“Wendy Wong每天怎样去上学?”根据Every day she goes to school in her own car with a driver, for she is not old enough(每天司机开着她自己的车送她去上学, 这是因为她年龄还小)就能作出上述回答。‎ ‎4. She usually gets A grades。所问的问题是“Wendy Wong的学习怎么样?”根据She usually gets ‘A’ grades in all her subjects, so the other students often ask her for help. (在所有功课中，她通常都得优秀，因此，她的同学常常问她功课方面的问题)就能作出上述回答。‎ ‎5. In half an hour。所问的问题是“她多长时间能做完作业?”根据She finished her homework in half an hour after her driver takes her home(在她的司机送她回家之后的半个小时内完成作业)就能作出上述回答。‎ 短文改写填空型阅读理解实例分析 一、实例训练 Robert is fifteen now. Two and a half years ago he came to the city and began to study in a middle school. He studies hard and gets on well with his classmates. And he often helps his friends with their lessons. But as he comes from a village, the headmaster who was born in a rich family is bad to him and does his best to make excuses to punish him. The boy knows it and takes precautions against(提防) it. ‎ One afternoon all the students went to have lunch and he bought a piece of bread. He was reading a book under a big tree, while a dog was standing near him. At that moment the headmaster came out and saw it. He became angry and said, “Don’t you know we don’t let anybody rear (饲养) dogs in the school?”‎ ‎“Yes, I do, sir. ”said the boy. ‎ ‎“Why have you brought your dog to school, then?”‎ ‎“It isn’t my dog. ”‎ ‎“Why is it following you, then?”‎ ‎“You’re following me now, sir. ” said the boy, “Can you say you are mine?”‎ 请根据以上短文在改写后短文的空白处填入适当的词，使其完整。‎ Robert is fifteen. He is in Grade _______(1) now. He studies hard and his classmates are _______(2) to him. And he often helps his friends to _______(3) their lessons. But as he was _______(4) in a farmer family, the headmaster from a _______(5) family is bad to him and does_______(6) he can to punish him. ‎ One day in the _______(7), all the students went _______(8) lunch and he bought a piece of bread, reading a book under a tree. At the moment a dog was standing near him. _______(9) the headmaster saw this, he wanted to_______(10) him. But he failed that day again.‎ 二、答题分析 第一步：快读全文，掌握大意。通读原文我们知道。文章讲叙了Robert 和校长的一些情况，Robert 是一个初中学生，他出生于贫困之家，但学习努力与同学相处融洽。校长出生于富贵家庭对Robert很不友好，总是想尽办法惩罚他, Robert时刻小心提防他。一天下午校长又想趁机惩罚他，但未能得逞。‎ 第二步：细读改写，寻找异同。如原文中说Two and half years ago he came to the city and began to study in a middle school. 而改写中却是He is in Grade_______(1) now. 由原文中的Two and half years ago 可知第(1)空要填Three. 原文中说He studies hard and gets on well with his classmates, 而改写中却是He studies hard and his classmates are _______(2) to him. 由于“他与同学相处融洽”那么“他的同学一定是对他很友好了”。因此第二空填kind或friendly。第3空是一个典型的同义句改写，即help sb. with sth. 与help sb. to do sth. 的转换。‎ 第三步：字斟句酌，各个击破。比如第4, 5, 7空与原文几乎没多大差别可先填好(4) born, (5) rich, (7) afternoon。对于与原文有较大差异的空，则需要字斟句酌，细仔推敲了。我们要在对比改写文中的句子与原文句子差别的前提下，推测改写文中的句子所要表达的意思，然后根据我们所学的知识推出所要填写的单词。如：‎ 原文中的and does his best to make excuses to punish him 正是改写文中and does _______(6) he can to punish him 要表达的意思。这里does后面是一个宾语从句，而从句缺少引导词，因此填入what正合适。这一空较难因为can后面省去了动词原形do。这句话意为“并且做他所能做的事情来惩罚他”。‎ 而原文中的…all the students went to have lunch 与改写文中的all the students went _______(8) lunch. went to have lunch 与went for lunch 同义。故第8空填for。‎ 改写中的_______(9) the headmaster saw this, he wanted to _______(10) him. But he failed that day again. 是对原文第二段后面部分的概括，通过比较我们知道改写中要表达的意思是“当校长看见那种情况时，他想惩罚他，但那一天他又失败了”。因此第9空填，when第10空填punish。　‎ 第四步：复读改写，纠正失误。如：第1空应大写首字母，很多考生可能会忽略这一点。‎ 中考英语单项填空精选（附详解）‎ ‎1. This is my bag, and that is ______. ‎ A. he B. his C. him D. they ‎2. This blue suit looks better than the green ______. ‎ A. / B. one C. suits D. ones ‎3. I like fish, ______my brother doesn’t like it. ‎ A. so  B. or  C. for  D. but ‎4. —Have you finished your report yet?‎ ‎—No, I’ll finish it in ______ ten minutes. ‎ A. another  B. more  C. other D. else ‎5. —What about ______ out for a walk now?‎ ‎—Good idea!‎ A. go  B. to go C. going D. to going ‎6. —Excuse me. Where is the Hope‎ ‎Cinema?‎ ‎—Go up this road to the end. Go ______ the bridge and you’ll find it. ‎ A. cross B. crossing C. across D. down ‎7. —Would you like this TV set or that one?‎ ‎—I’m not sure. This one has better sound, ______ the picture is better on the other one. ‎ A. and  B. but C. although D. because ‎8. Good morning, class! Today we’ll learn a new lesson. Please open your books at ______. ‎ A. page seventeen B. seventeen page  C. page seventeenth D. seventeenth page ‎9. Good food ______ us healthy. ‎ A. gives B. helps C. keeps  D. does ‎10. Zhao Lan ______ already ______ in this school for two years. ‎ A. was; studying B. will; study        C. has; studied D. are; studying ‎11. You’d better ______ football in the street. ‎ A. not paly B. playing C. not to play D. play ‎12. Could you tell me which ______ best among the books on sale?‎ A. is sold B. sells C. are written D. writes ‎13. Henry’s mother is at home. Her work is to ______ the children. ‎ A. look at B. look after C. take care D. take away ‎14. —You seem to like sweets. ‎ ‎—______. ‎ A. So do I B. So I do C. So am I  D. So I am ‎15. At last, the thief handed everything ______ he had stolen to the police. ‎ A. which B. what C. that D. who 答案与详解：‎ ‎1. B. his作名词性物主代词用，在句中作表语。‎ ‎2. B. one指代suit, 以免重复。‎ ‎3. D. 根据题意判断。“我喜欢鱼，但是我弟弟不喜欢鱼。”‎ ‎4. A. another后可接数词或few等词，表示“又，再”。‎ ‎5. C. about是介词，后接名词或动词-ing形式。‎ ‎6. C. go across=cross，意思是“穿过；走过”。‎ ‎7. B. 根据句意判断。“这一台电视机声音好，可是另一台图像好。”‎ ‎8. A. 考查基数词表示“编号”的用法。表示编号时，基数词在后，序数词在前。‎ ‎9. C. 常识题。“营养丰富的食物能保持我们身体健康。”‎ ‎10. C. 根据句中的时间状语 for two years 可判断答案为 C。‎ ‎11. A. had better do sth的否定式是had better not do sth (from www.zkenglish.com)‎ ‎12. B. “请告诉我展销的书中哪一种畅销，好吗？”sell作“销售”解，是不及物动词，不用被动语态。此题易误选A。又如Butter sells very dear. 奶油卖得很贵。‎ ‎13. B. 词义辨析题。look at意为“看……”；look after意为“照看；照顾”；take care意为“小心；当心”；take away意为“拿走”。根据题意，只有look after符合句意。即“她的工作是照看孩子。”‎ ‎14. B. “So + 主语 + 助动词”表示“确实如此”，“的确如此”之意。‎ ‎15. C. 定语从句所限定的先行词是不定代词，关系代词只能用that, 而不能用which。‎ 比较级专项训练(附详解)‎ 一、根据句意，用括号内所给形容词的适当形式填空：‎ ‎1. Summer is _______ (hot) season of the year. ‎ ‎2. Shanghai is one of _______ (big) cities in the world. ‎ ‎3. The Huanghe River isn’t so _______ (long) as the Changjiang‎ ‎River. ‎ ‎4. Who is _______ (tall), the girl or the boy? ‎ ‎5. I think English is _______ (interesting) than math.‎ ‎6. The more, the _______ (good). ‎ ‎7. The people’s life in Southern Africa is getting _______ and _______ (bad). ‎ ‎8. Things are much _______ (light) on the moon than on the earth.‎ ‎9. He is _______ (old) of the two brothers. ‎ ‎10. The car driver is very _______ (careful) when he is driving. ‎ ‎【答案详解】‎ ‎1. 一年有四季，夏季是一年当中最热的季节，故答案为the hottest。‎ ‎2. 在one of 后应用形容词的最高级，即the biggest。‎ ‎3. 在as…as 和not so (as)…as结构中，形容词用原级。即答案为long。‎ ‎4. 两者相比，应考虑形容词的比较级。故答案为taller(from www.zkenglish.com)。‎ ‎5. 英语和数学相比，且句中使用了连词than，所以该空应填比较级more interesting。 ‎ ‎6. “the + 比较级，the + 比较级”意为“越……越……”，故答案为better。‎ ‎7. “比较级 + and + 比较级”意为“越来越……”即答案为worse, worse。‎ ‎8. much 后接比较级，且句子中有连词than(比)，故正确答案为lighter。‎ ‎9. 如表示两者中较大的那个，应在比较级前加the，答案为the elder。‎ ‎10. 无比较对象，即用形容词的原级，答案为careful。‎ ‎ ‎ 二、选择填空：‎ ‎1. Which is _______, English or Chinese? ‎ A. interesting B. interestinger ‎ C. more interesting D. most interesting ‎2. The population of China is _______ than _______ of any other country in the world. ‎ A. larger, the one B. more, that ‎ C. larger, that D. more, the one ‎ ‎3. Since China has been a member of WTO, English is _______ useful than before. ‎ A. more B. most C. much D. very ‎4. All the students in our class are over fifteen except Li Lei. He is _______ in our class. ‎ A. older B. the oldest ‎ C. younger D. the youngest ‎5. —These moon cakes are delicious.‎ ‎—Yes. But I think the ones with nuts are __ of all. ‎ A. delicious B. the most delicious ‎ C. more delicious D. the delicious ‎ ‎6. The number of the trees around my village is getting _______.‎ A. larger and larger B. higher and higher ‎ C. more and more D. less and less ‎ ‎7.In our city, it’s _______ in July, but it is even _______ in August. ‎ A. hotter, hottest B. hot, hot ‎ C. hotter, hot D. hot, hotter ‎ ‎8. She is as _______ (busy) as a bee. ‎ A. busy B. busier ‎ C. the busiest D. more busy ‎9. It is _______ to work out this problem. You needn’t go to the teacher. ‎ A. enough easy                               B. easy enough ‎ C. easily enough                         D. very easily ‎ ‎10.Of the two Australian students, Masha is _______ one. I think you can find her easily. ‎ A. tallest B. the taller C. taller D. the tallest ‎ ‎【答案详解】‎ ‎1. C。多音节形容词的比较级应在形容词原形前加more。‎ ‎2. C。如果表示population的“多”或“少”，要用形容词large或small。第二空用代词that代替the population。‎ ‎3. A。多音节和部分双音节形容词的比较级的构成是在形容词原形前加more，最高级则加the most。‎ ‎4. C。根据句意“除李雷外，我们班所有同学都超过了15岁”，言外之意，李雷是我们班年纪最小的。‎ ‎5. B。在该句句末出现了比较的范围of all，而all指三者或三者以上，所以应考虑形容词的最高级。‎ ‎6. A。表示数量的“多”或“少”用形容词large或small。‎ ‎7. D。第一空无比较的范围用原级hot，第二空是July(七月)和August(八月)相比较，故用比较级hotter。‎ ‎8. A。在as…as结构中形容词用原级(from www.zkenglish.com)。‎ ‎9. B。当enough修饰形容词时，enough应放在形容词的后面。‎ ‎10. B。根据句意Masha是二个学生中较高的那个。如表示“二者中较……的一个”则在比较级前加the。‎ ‎ ‎ 引导原因状语从句的从属连词归纳 ‎■because 的用法。意为“因为”：‎ I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。‎ He was angry because we were late. 他很生气因为我们迟到了。‎ ‎■as 的用法。意为“由于”：‎ As he is ill, he can’t come to the meeting. 由于生病了，他不能来参加会议。‎ As you weren’t there, I left a message. 由于你不在那儿，我留了个信儿。‎ ‎■since 的用法。意为“既然”：‎ Since you ask, I will tell you. 你既然问，我就告诉你。‎ Since you are going, I will go. 既然你去，我也去。‎ ‎■so that 的用法。意为“结果”：‎ We’re all here now, so that the meeting can begin at last. 我们现在都到齐了，终于能开会了。 ‎ I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. 我去听演讲去得很早，所以找了个好座位。 ‎ ‎■so…that 的用法。意为“如此…以至于…”，其中的 so 后接形容词或副词：‎ He’s so clever that he learns English very quickly. 他很聪明，英语学得很快。‎ He runs so fast that none of us can catch up with him. 他跑得很快，我们没一个能追上他。‎ ‎■such…that 的用法。意为“如此…以至于…”，其中的 such 后接名词(名词前通常有形容词修饰)：‎ It gave him such a shock that his face turned white. 这使他那样震惊，他脸都白了。‎ He is such a clever boy that we all like him. 这个孩子这样聪明，我们都喜欢他。‎ 引导结果状语从句的so that, so…that, such…that中的 that 在口语中有时可以省略。‎ ‎■in order that 的用法。其意为“为了”：‎ He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习，是为了能通过考试。‎ In order that he should not be late, his mother woke him at 6. 为了不让他迟到，他母亲六点就叫醒了他。‎ 该结构有时可与 in order to 转换：‎ He is working hard in order to pass the examination. / He is working hard in order that he can pass the examination. 为了考试及格，他正在努力学习。‎ ‎■so that 的用法。其意为“以便”：‎ He studies hard so that he can pass the exam. 为了能通过考试，他学习很努力。‎ I am going to the lecture early so that I抣l get a good seat. 我想早点去听演讲，以便找个好座位。‎ ‎■if 的用法。其意为“如果”：‎ He抣l do it if you pay him. 如果你付钱，他是会干的。‎ If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你向他提出请求，他会帮助你。‎ ‎■unless 的用法。其意为“如果不”、“除非”：‎ I shall go there tomorrow unless I’m too busy. 如果我不太忙，明天将到那儿去。‎ Unless you go at once you will be late. 如果你不马上走，就会迟到的。‎ ‎■as [so] long as 的用法。其意为“如果”、“只要”：‎ As long as you do your best, we抣l be happy. 只要你尽力，我们就满意了。‎ You can go out as long as you promise to be back before 8. 如果你保证八点以前回来，你可以出去。‎ ‎■when 的用法。表示“当……时候”。如：‎ The house shook when the trains went by. 火车经过时房子会震动。‎ When she saw this，she turned red. 她看到这时脸红了。‎ I played football every day when I was a boy. 我小时候天天踢足球。‎ ‎■while 的用法。表示“当……时候”。如：‎ I’ll take care of him while you are away. 你不在时我照顾他。‎ I met Diana while I Was shopping this morning. 我今早买东西时碰到了戴安娜。‎ While I was waiting for the bus I dropped my purse. 我等公共汽车时把钱包丢了。‎ 注意：while 所引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词必须是持续性的，不能是短暂性的。‎ ‎■as 的用法。表示“当……时候”。如：‎ He dropped the glass as he stood up. 他站起来时，把杯子摔了。‎ The phone rang just as I was leaving. 我正要离开，电话铃就响了起来。‎ ‎■before 的用法。表示“在……之前”。如：‎ I hadn’t waited long before she came. 我没等多久她就来了。‎ It was a long time before I got to sleep again. 好久我才又睡着。‎ I must finish this letter before I go home. 我必须在回家以前写完这封信。‎ ‎■after 的用法。表示“在之后”：‎ She left after they arrived. 她在他们到达后走了。‎ I told them after you (had) left. 你走后我把这事告诉了他们。‎ ‎■until / till 的用法。表示“直到…”：‎ He waited till [until] I returned. 他一直等到我回来。‎ Walk till [until] you come to a white house. 走下去，一直走到一座白房子为止。‎ 这类句型的主句动词通常只能是延续性动词，不能是终止性动词。但在否定句中，则主句动词可以是终止性动词，此时构成not…until [till]…句式，意为“直到……才”。如：‎ He didn’t leave until [till] I came. 直到我来他才走(来自 www.zkenglish.com)。‎ You cannot leave until your work is finished. 在你的工作没完成以前你不能离开。‎ 在否定句中，主句谓语为延续性动词和终止性动词均可，注意含义不同：‎ He didn’t leave until I came. 直到我来他才走。‎ He didn’t wait until I came. 他没有等到我来(即在我来之前就走了)。‎ ‎■since 的用法。表示“自从…”：‎ We have known each other since we were children. 我们从小就(相互)认识。‎ I haven’t heard from him since he left. 他走之后我还没接到过他的信。‎ 这类句子的主句通常用现在完成时。‎ ‎■as soon as 的用法。表示“一…就…”：‎ Tell him as soon as he arrives. 他一到就告诉他。‎ I shall ring you up as soon as I arrive. 我一到就给你打电话。‎ I抣l let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我一接到她的信就通知你。‎ 表示“一…就…”这一意思，除用as soon as外，还可用the moment, the minute等：‎ I want to see him the minute [=as soon as] he arrives. 他一到达我就要见他。‎ not only…but also…的用法 ‎ ‎ 用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其意为“不仅……而且……”；其中的also有时可以省略。如：‎ She not only plays well, but also writes music. 她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。‎ He not only writes his own plays, he also acts in them. 他不仅是自编剧本, 还饰演其中的角色。‎ Not only men but also women were chosen. 不仅仅是男的，女的也有被选中的。‎ He works not only on weekdays but on Sundays as well. 他不仅平时工作，星期日也工作。‎ Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film. 不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片，他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。‎ 说明：若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。如：‎ Not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你，他也得离开。‎ 若连接两个句子，not only后面的句子要用倒装，如：‎ Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 他不仅说得更正确，而且讲得更不费劲了。‎ neither…nor…的用法 ‎ ‎ 用于连接两个表示并列关系的名词，用于否定两者，其意为“既不……也不……”、“……和……都不”。如：‎ It’s neither too cold nor too hot. 天气既不太冷也不太热。‎ Neither boys nor girls are interested in it. 男孩子和女孩子对此都不感兴趣。‎ 说明：通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分，但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。如：‎ Mary neither likes maths nor (likes) history. 玛丽既不喜欢数学也不喜欢历史。‎ Neither Jim nor Jack was at home. 吉姆和杰克都不在家。‎ 但在非正式文体中也可一律用复数。如(from www.zkenglish.com)：‎ Neither Jim nor Jack were at home. 吉姆和杰克都不在家。‎ 若连接两个句子，要用倒装。如：‎ Neither does he smoke nor does he drink. 他既不抽烟也不喝酒。‎ either…or… 的用法 ‎ ‎ 用于连接两个表示选择关系的名词或代词，意为“要么……要么”。如：‎ He must be either mad or drunk. 他不是疯了就是醉了。‎ You can go swimming or play tennis. 你可以去游泳也可以去打网球。‎ Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错了就是我错了。‎ Are either you or I wrong? 是你错了还是我错了?‎ 说明：通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分，但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。如：‎ You can either have tea or coffee. 你喝茶也行，喝咖啡也行。‎ Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错，就是我错。‎ both…and…的用法 ‎ ‎ 用于连接两个表示并列关系的名词或代词。如：‎ Both New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。‎ The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish. 这位秘书不但能讲而且能写西班牙语。‎ You’ve given both your uncle and myself a lot of trouble. 你给了你姑父和我很多麻烦。‎ Sophia was both对ad and sorry to see her. 索菲娅看到她既高兴又难过。‎ The food was both bad and insufficient. 食物既坏又不够吃。‎ She was ashamed, both for herself and for Diana. 她感到羞愧，既为自己也为戴安娜。‎ I did all this both for you and for myself. 我做这一切是为了你，也为我自己。‎ He both speaks and writes Spanish. 他既会说也会写西班牙语。‎ Tonight they will both sing and dance. 今晚他们将又唱歌又跳舞。‎ 说明：作为关联并列连词，它通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分，但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。另外，若连接两个成分作主语，谓语总是用复数。如：‎ Both she and I are good at English. 她和我都擅长英语(from www.zkenglish.com)。‎ Both teaching and research work are making great strides. 教学与科研都在大踏步前进。‎ Both she and Sophia were pleased with the girl. 她和索菲娅都喜欢这个姑娘。‎ 并列连词for与so的用法 ‎ ‎ ‎1.for 的用法 主要用于表示理由，对前面所说的内容进行解释。如：‎ We must start early, for it will take two hours to drive to the airport. 我们得早点动身，因为开车去机场得花两个小时。‎ He never read these books, for he had long lost the habit of reading. 他从不读这些书，因为他早就丢掉了阅读习惯。‎ 注意：for 表示理由时不能放在句首，也不能单独引导一句子。‎ ‎2. so 的用法 主要用于表结果，意为“所以”，有时可以与并列连词 and 连在一起使用。如：‎ The sky was cloudy, so I took my umbrella. 天阴，所以我带了把伞。‎ He told me to do it and so I did it. 他叫我那么做，所以我就做了。‎ 注意：不要按汉语意思将“因为……所以……”直译为 because…so…。如：‎ 误：Because I have no money, so I can’t buy it. (去掉 because或 so中任意一个)‎ borrow与lend的三大区别 ‎ ‎ 一、从基本词义上看 两者都可表示“借”，但是 borrow 指“借入”，而 lend 则指“借出”，两者其实是一对反义词，而不是同义词。如：‎ Can I borrow your bike? 我可以借用你的自行车吗?‎ He lent his dictionary to me. 他把字典借给我。‎ He was often sent out to borrow. 他常常被派出去借钱。‎ Some people neither borrows nor lends. 有的人既不借也不贷。‎ 二、从句型搭配上看 ‎1. 要表示“向某人借某物”，英语用borrow sth from sb，其中用介词from。如：‎ Don’t borrow money from her. 不要向她借钱。‎ Sam borrowed a car from his friend. 萨姆向他的朋友借来了一辆车。‎ ‎2. 要表示“把某物借给某人”，英语用lend sth to sb，其中用介词to。如：‎ He lent his pen to me. 他把他的钢笔借给了我。‎ He told me not to lend it to her. 他叫我别把它借给她。‎ 三、从是否接双宾语来看 lend 可接双宾语(即可用于 lend sb sth)，但 borrow 则不能接双宾语(即不能用于 borrow sb sth)。如：‎ Could you lend me some money? 你能否借给我一点钱？‎ He offered to lend me some books. 他主动提出借给我几本书。‎ 比较(from www.zkenglish.com)：‎ 正：She lent him some money. 她借给他一些钱。‎ 正：She lent some money to him. 她借给他一些钱。‎ 正：He borrowed some money from her. 他向她借了一些钱。‎ 误：He borrowed her some money.‎ feel like用法小结 ‎ ‎ ‎1. 表示“感到想要(做某事)”，其后接名词或代词。如：‎ I feel like a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。‎ Do you feel like a drink? 要喝一杯吗?‎ 若后接动词，则要用动名词，不能用不定式。如：‎ He didn’t feel like going to work. 他不想去上班。‎ I feel like going to bed. I’m tired. 我想去睡觉，我累了。‎ ‎2. 表示“摸起来好像”。如：‎ It feels like silk. 这东西摸起来像丝绸。‎ The material feels like velvet. 这料子摸起来像丝绒。‎ ‎3. 表示“(感到)像是……(的样子)”。有以下两种用法：‎ ‎(1)表示某事物给人的感觉。如：‎ It feels like rain (snow). 像是要下雨(雪)的样子。‎ I felt like a hurt animal. 我感觉像一个受伤的动物。‎ My legs feel like cotton wool. 我的腿感到像棉花。‎ I was only there two days, but it felt like a week. 我只在那里呆了两天，但好像过了一个星期似的。‎ ‎(2)表示某人对某事的感觉。如：‎ I feel like catching a cold. 我像是感冒了。‎ They made me feel like one of the family. 他们让我觉得就是这个家中的一员。‎ ‎4. 后接反身代词，表示觉得身体情况正常。如：‎ I don’t feel like myself today. 我今天感到不太舒服。‎ 有时可省略介词 like。如(from www.zkenglish.com)：‎ He isn’t feeling himself this morning. 今天早上他感到不太舒服。‎ leave与forget的用法区别 ‎ ‎ 请先看下面两道中考题：‎ ‎1. —Sorry, Mr. Green. I _____ my English book at home. ‎ ‎—That’s OK, but don’t forget next time. (淄博市中考英语)‎ A. forgot B. forget C. left D. kept ‎2. This morning I went to work in such a hurry that _____ the key to my office at home. (青岛市中考英语)‎ A. forgot  B. left  C. missed  D. lost 这两道题的答案分别为C和B，即答案均选left。许多同学也许会弄不明白，因为根据句意，这两道题均应填表示“忘记”的词语，为什么不可以用forgot而非要用left呢？下面我们就来分析一下它们在表示“忘记”时的区别。‎ leave和forget均可表示“遗忘”，其区别为：‎ ‎1. forget通常不能与表示地点的副词或短语连用。如：‎ Oh, I’ve forgotten my wallet. 噢，我忘记带钱包了。‎ Don’t forget the cases. 别忘了带箱子。‎ Oh, I’ve forgotten my key. 噢，我忘记带我的钥匙了。‎ Don’t forget the tickets and an unbrella. 别忘了带戏票和雨伞。‎ ‎2. leave 在表示“遗忘”时，则通常要与表示地点的状语连用。如：‎ Oh, I’ve left my wallet at home. 噢，我的钱包放在家里忘记带了。‎ ‎“I’ve left my watch upstairs.” “I’ll go and get it for you.” “我把表忘在楼上了。”“我去给你拿。”‎ She left the bag on the bus but it may not be there any longer. 她把包忘在了公共汽车上，可是现在也许不在那儿了。‎ Those who leave parcels on the train cannot expect to get them back. 把东西遗忘在火车上的人，别期望能找回失物。‎ 注：有时leave连用的状语可能是疑问词where。如：‎ Where did I leave my shopping? 我把买到的东西忘在哪儿了?‎ arrive, get与reach的用法区别 ‎ ‎ 三者均可表示“到达”，区别如下：‎ ‎■arrive 和 get 都是不及物动词，前者较正式，后者则较口语化。两者之后均不可接宾语，但可接 here, there, home 之类的表地点的副词作状语。如：‎ What time does the train arrive? 火车什么时候到?‎ We got [arrived] here last night. 我们昨晚到这儿。‎ 要表示“到达某地”，需借助适当介词：‎ ‎1. arrive 之后通常接介词 at (一般用于较小的地方)或 in (一般用于较大的地方)。如：‎ We arrived at the station five minutes late. 我们到车站晚了 5 分钟。‎ They will arrive in Paris next Monday. 他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎。‎ ‎2. get 之后通常接介词 to。如：‎ When we got to the park, it began to rain. 我们到达公园时，就开始下雨了。‎ 在谈到火车、汽车等或乘客等到站时，通常用 get in。如：‎ The bus gets in at five thirty. 汽车五点半到站。‎ ‎■reach 通常是及物动词(较 get 更正式)，其后可直接跟地点名词作宾语(不能用介词)。如：‎ He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。‎ 注：reach 之后也可接 here, there, home 等词。如：‎ When did he reach home yesterday? 昨天他什么时候到家?‎ 顺便说一句：reach 除可表示到达某地外，还用于其它意义的到达。如：‎ Your letter reached me last week. 我是上周收到你的信的。‎ He has reached school age. 他已达到上学年龄。‎ You can guess it when you reach the end of the chapter. 当你读到这末尾时，你就可以猜到了。‎ 你知道what,which,who的区别吗 ‎ ‎ 一、后接名词时的区别 当用作定语修饰其后接名词时，只用which和what，不能用who。which和what的区别是：前者用于选择范围较小或较明确的场合，后者用于选择范围较大或不明确的场合。如：‎ Which color do you like, black or white? 黑色和白色，你喜欢哪种？‎ Which is bigger, the sun or the earth? 太阳和地球哪个大?‎ What color is your car? 你的汽车是什么颜色的？‎ 但是，若指人，即使选择的范围不明确，也可用which。如：‎ Which [What] writers do you like? 你喜欢哪些作家? ‎ 二、其后不接名词时的区别 当其后不接名词时，三者均可用，which和what的用法区别依然是：前者用于选择范围较小或较明确的场合，后者用于选择范围较大或不明确的场合。如：‎ Which is in the box, the red one or the black one? 哪一个在盒子里，是红色的那个还是黑色的那一个？‎ What is in the box? 盒子里装的是什么东西？‎ 至于who，它一般只用来指人，不管选择范围大还是小、明确还是不明确均可用。如：‎ Who won –– Tom or Mike? 谁赢了，是汤姆还是迈克? ‎ Who is your favorite poet? 你最喜欢的诗人是谁?‎ 注：当选择范围比较明确且用作宾语时，who也可以用which或which one代之。如：‎ Who [Which / Which one] do you like better, your father or your mother? 你更喜欢谁，父亲还是母亲?‎ 三、与else以及of短语搭配时的区别 ‎1. 正由于what和who的选择范围可以很大或不明确，所以其后可以跟 else，但一般不跟表示特定范围的of短语。如：‎ What else have you bought? 你还买了些什么?‎ Who else was at the party? 聚会上还有谁?‎ 在你的老师之中，你最喜欢哪一位? ‎ 正：Which of your teachers do you like best? ‎ 误：Who [What] of your teachers do you like best?‎ 我们当中谁去洗衣服? ‎ 正：Which of us is going to do the washing?‎ 误：Who of us is going to do the washing?‎ 这些词典当中哪一本是你的? ‎ 正：Which of these dictionaries is yours? ‎ 误：What of these dictionaries is yours?‎ ‎2. 而which 的选择范围相对比较小或明确，所以其后一般不接else，但却常与表特定范围的of短语连用：‎ Which of the three girls is the oldest? 这三个女孩中哪个年纪最大?‎ Which of the boys is the strongest? 这些男孩当中，哪一个力气最大?‎ 你还要点别的什么吗?‎ 正：What else would you like? ‎ 误：Which else would you like? ‎ 四、口语中的用法区别 比较以下三组对话，注意体会它们的区别：‎ A：Who is he? 他是谁？‎ B：He is Mary’s husband. 他是玛丽的丈夫。‎ 注：Who is he? 的意思是要了解他的一些情况。‎ A：What is he? 他是干什么的？‎ B：He is an English teacher. 他是英语教师。‎ 注：What is he? 的意思是询问他的职业。‎ A：Which is he? 哪位是他？‎ B：The one by the window. 窗户边的那位。‎ 注：Which is he? 的意思是要在几个人中辨别要找的人。‎ almost与nearly用法区别详解 ‎ ‎ 一、相同之处 两者均可表示“几乎”“差不多”，均可修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词短语等，此时两者常可换用。如：‎ It’s almost [nearly] impossible. 那几乎是不可能的。(修饰形容词)‎ He almost [nearly] always arrives late. 他差不多总是迟到。(修饰副词)‎ He fell and almost [nearly] broke his leg. 他摔了一跤，险些摔断了腿。(修饰动词)‎ Almost [Nearly] all the students passed the exam. 差不多所有的学生都通过了考试。(修饰不定代词)‎ 注意：修饰动词时，通常应放在行为动词之前，特殊动词之后(见上例)；修饰形容词、副词、名词等时，通常应将其放在被修饰词语之前，否则会造成错误。如：‎ ‎◎他工作了几乎一整天。‎ 正：He worked almost all day.‎ 误：He almost worked all day.‎ ‎◎我们当中几乎每一个人都读过这本书。‎ 正：Almost every one of us read the book.‎ 误：Every one of us almost read the book.‎ 二、不同之处 ‎1. almost 可用于 any 以及 no, none, nobody, nothing, never 等否定词之前，但 nearly 一般不这样用。如：‎ Almost any man can do it. 几乎任何人都会做。‎ Almost no one came to the party. 几乎没有人来参加晚会。‎ I almost never see her. 我几乎从未见过她。‎ 但是，两者都可用在否定动词之前。如：‎ He almost [nearly] didn’t catch the bus. 他差点没赶上公共汽车。‎ ‎2. nearly 前可用 very, pretty, not 等词修饰，但 almost 之前不能用这些词。如： ‎ It’s not nearly so difficult as you think. 这远不像你想象的那么难。‎ The car is pretty nearly new. 这汽车几乎是全新的。‎ 注：not nearly 意为“远非”，very [pretty] nearly 意为“几乎”，都是习语。‎ ‎3. 有时 almost 可表示十分相似(但又不完全相同)，此时不用 nearly。如：‎ I almost wish I’d stayed at home. 我真有点后悔没在家里呆着。‎ Our cat understands everything — he’s almost human. 我们这只猫什么都懂——快通人性了。‎ at,in与on的用法区别 ‎ ‎ ‎(1) 表示时间，注意以下用法：‎ ‎① 表示时间的某一点、某一时刻或年龄等用 at：‎ I get up at six in the morning. 我早上六点钟起床。‎ He got married at the age of 25. 他 25 岁结婚。‎ ‎② 泛指一般意义的上午、下午或晚上以及月或年等较长的时间，一般用 in：‎ We watch TV in the evening. 我们晚上看电视。‎ He went to Japan in 1946. 他于 1946 去了日本。‎ ‎③ 若表示星期几或某一特定的日期，则用 on： ‎ He left here on the fifth of May. 他于 5 月 5 日离开这儿。‎ ‎(2) 表示地点、场所、位置等，注意以下用法：‎ ‎① 表示某一点位置，用 at：‎ We live at No. 87 Beijing Road. 我们住在北京路 87 号。‎ The hospital is at the end of the street. 医院在这条街的尽头。‎ 与名词所有格连用表示地点，也用 at。如：‎ at my sister’s 在我姐姐家 at the doctor’s 在医务室 ‎② 表示空间或范围，用 in：‎ What’s in the box? 这盒子里有什么?‎ He lives in Paris with his wife. 他同他妻子住在巴黎。‎ 但有时两者可换用：‎ The meeting was held at [in] the hotel. 会议在宾馆举行。‎ ‎③ at 与 in 的另一个区别是：at 多用于指较小的地方，而 in 多用于指较大的地方：‎ in Shanghai 在上海 at the station 在车站 ‎④ 介词 on 用于地点，主要指在某物的表面：‎ What’s on the table? 桌上有什么?‎ There’s a wallet lying on the ground. 地上有个钱包。‎ 在少数搭配中，也用介词 on：‎ He works on a farm. 他在农场工作。‎ ‎(3) 在某些搭配中，三者的区别与英国英语和美国英语有关：‎ in the street (英) / on the street (美) 在街上 in the road (英) / on the road (美) 在路上 in the team (英) / on the team (美) 在这个队 at the weekend (英) / on the weekend (美) 在周末 at weekends (英) / on weekends (美) 在周末 ‎(4) 有时三者的差别与搭配习惯和用法有关：‎ in bed / on the bed 在床上(from www.zkenglish.com)‎ in the tree (多指树外之物) / on the tree (多指树本身之物) 在树 上 across的用法与易错说明 ‎ ‎ ‎1. 用作介词或副词，注意以下用法：‎ ‎(1) 表示动态意义，意为“横过”、“到……的另一边”。如：‎ I cam swim across the river in 10 minutes. 我可以在十分钟之内游过河去。(介词用法)‎ Can you swim across? 你能游过去吗? (副词用法)‎ ‎(2) 表示静态意义，意为“在……的另一边”。如：‎ My house is just across the street. 我家就在街道对面。(介词用法)‎ We leave Dover at ten and we should be across in France by midnight. 我们十点钟离开多佛，午夜时应能抵达法国那边。(副词用法)‎ 有可与介词 from 连用，表示“从……的另一边”。如：‎ He shouted to me from across the room. 他从房间的另一边向我喊。‎ ‎(3) 表示“交叉”(介词用法) 或“从一边到另一边的宽度”(副词用法)。如：‎ He sat there with his arms across his chest. 他坐在那儿，两臂交叉放在胸前。(介词用法)‎ The river is half a mile across. 这条河半英里宽。(副词用法)‎ ‎2. 不要将 across 误用作动词。如(from www.zkenglish.com)：‎ 不能说：The river is too deep and we can’t across. ‎ 可改为：The river is too deep and we can’t cross. 河水太深，我们过不了。‎ ‎3. 用于 come [run] across, 意为“偶然遇见”、“意外发现”(不用于被动式)。如：‎ Where did you come [run] across her? 你在那儿碰到她的?‎ I’ve just come across a beautiful poem in this book. 我在这本书里偶然发现一首优美的诗。‎ 介词above用法详解 ‎ ‎ ‎1. 表示“在……上方”、“高于”(与 below 相对)。如：‎ The sun rose above the horizon. 太阳已升到地平线以上。‎ The plane flew above the clouds. 飞机在云层上飞行。‎ 参见 above 与 over 的有关用法及区别。‎ ‎2. 表示在地位、级别、能力、资历、重要性等方面“超过”、“在……之上”、“比……强”。如：‎ He is above the others in ability. 他的能力优于其他人。‎ He is above me in every way. 他各个方面都比我强。‎ As a scholar, he is far above me. 作为一个学者，他远远超过了我。‎ ‎3. 表示在程度或限度等方面“超过”、“超越”等，这类短语通常用作表语。如：‎ The book is above me (my understanding). 这本书我读不懂。‎ The lecture was above the heads of most of the audience. 大部分听众听不懂这个演讲。‎ His heroism was above (beyond) all praise. 他的英勇行为 非言辞所能赞扬。‎ 注：以上用法中的 above 有时可用 beyond 代之，尤其是其后接的是人称代词或人名时。如：‎ The problem is above (beyond) me. 这个问题我不懂(from www.zkenglish.com)。‎ ‎4. 表示因优秀或出色等而“不致于”、“不屑于”、“不会”等，主要指道德方面，在句中主要用作表语：‎ She is above telling a lie. 她不至于说谎。‎ He is above doing such things. 他不至于做出那样的事来。‎ He is above meanness and deceit. 他不至于做出卑劣和欺骗的事情来。‎ If you want to learn, you must not be above asking questions. 你如果要学习，就要不耻下问。‎ behind用法与搭配 ‎ ‎ ‎1. be behind with [in] 拖欠，拖延，不能如期完成。如：‎ He is never behind with [in] his work. 他工作从不拖拉。‎ He was behind in [with] his rent. 他拖欠了房租。‎ He helped a classmate who was behind with his homework. 他帮助一位没有按时完成作业的同班同学。‎ ‎2. be behind in doing sth 做某事不落在后面。如：‎ The boy is behind in handing in homework. 这孩子没能按时交家庭作业。‎ He was never behind in offering suggestions. 他提建议从来不落在别人后面。‎ ‎3. from behind 从后面。如：‎ He held her from behind. 他从后面抱住她。‎ They attacked us from behind. 他们从后面攻击我们。‎ 注：有时 behind 是介词，其后可接宾语。如：‎ He came out from behind the door. 他从门后出来。‎ ‎4. fall [drop] behind 落在后面。如(from www.zkenglish.com)：‎ I’ve fallen behind in work. 我工作落后了。‎ Some students dropped behind in their studies. 有的学生在学习上落在后面。‎ ‎5. leave sth behind (某人)走后留下(掉下)某物。如：‎ What have we left behind? 我们走后留下什么了? ‎ He left his umbrella behind. 他离开时没有把雨伞带走。‎ ‎6. stay [remain] behind 留下，在别人后面留下。如：‎ He alone remained behind. 只有他一个人留下没走。‎ I had to stay behind after school. 放学后我还得留在学校。‎ ‎ ‎ 中考英语同义句变换的九种类型 同义句转换题是近几年中考英语的一个常考题型，其出题形式通常是同时给出两个句子，第一句完整，第二句中设有几处空格，要求考生填入适当的词或词组，使第二句的意思与第一句意思相同。它综合考查考生的语法、词汇、短语或习惯用语和句型结构等知识，要求运用所学的词汇、语法知识和句型结构填写句子，使句子结构完整、逻辑合理、语法知识无误、意思与所给句子相同。通过对近几年的中考英语试题中同义句转换题的分析，我们发现中考英语同义句转换题主要考查以下几个方面： ‎ 一、运用同义词(组)进行转换 用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换，注意转换后的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。如：‎ ‎1. That day we could see flowers here and there.‎ That day we could see flowers _______.‎ 分析：答案为everywhere。everywhere与here and there都表示“到处”。‎ ‎2. The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school. ‎ The teacher always _______ _______ the children well in the school.‎ 分析：答案为looks after。take good care of 与look after…well都表示“好好照顾”。‎ ‎3. Some of us are good at telling stories.‎ Some of us ________ ________ in telling stories.‎ 分析：答案为do well。be good at与do well in都可表示“在……(方面)做得好或擅长于”。‎ 二、运用反义词(组)的否定式进行转换 即用反义词或词组的否定式表达与原句相同的意思，主要考查学生对反义词、词组的积累和换位思维的能力。如：‎ ‎1. It’s clear that this visit is different from last time.‎ ‎ It’s clear that this visit is not the ______ ______ last time.‎ 分析：答案为same as。be different from 意为“与……不同”；the same as意为“与……相同”，其否定式与be different from 同义。 ‎ ‎2. I think wealth is less important than health. ‎ I _______ think wealth is _______ important than health.‎ 分析：答案为don’t, more。less important的意思是“没有(不及)……重要”；more important的意思是“(比)……更重要”，该结构与not连用，则表示“不比……更重要”。‎ 另外，有的反义词即使不与否定词连用，而只需改变句子结构也可构成同义句。如：‎ He lent some money to his friend.‎ His friend _______ some money _______ him.‎ 分析：答案为borrowed, from。borrow…from意为“向……借……”；lend…to意为“把……借给……”。两个结构意思相反，但若变换“借出者”与“借入者”的位置，则可转换为同义句。‎ 三、运用不同语态进行转换 即运用主动语态与被动语态的变化来转换同义词，但此时要特别注意时态、情态动词一致性。如：‎ ‎1. Everyone should give back his library books on time. ‎ Library books should _______ _______ _______ on time.‎ 分析：答案为be given back。被动句中含有情态动词should，因此助动词用be。‎ ‎2. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today. ‎ Computers ________ widely ________ in the world today. ‎ 分析：答案为are, used。computers是复数名词，助动词用are。‎ 四、非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转换 即非延续性动词与延续性动词进行转换，此时往往会涉及时态的变化。如：‎ ‎1. The manager left two hours ago.‎ ‎ The manager _______ _______ _______ for two hours. ‎ 分析：答案为 has been away。leave为非延续性动词，不能与for two hours 这样的一段时间连用，而改成 be away这样的延续性动词后，则连用一般时间。‎ ‎2. The film began five minutes ago. ‎ The film has been _______ _______ five minutes. ‎ 分析：答案为on for。 has been提示时态是现在完成时态，“for+时间段”表示“持续(一段时间)”，常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。‎ ‎3. Mr Li joined the Party twenty years ago. ‎ Mr Li _______ _______ _______ the Party for twenty years. ‎ 答案：has been in。短暂动词join，意为“参加，加入(组织，政党)”，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将join 改成be in 或be a member in…。‎ 五、运用不同引语进行转换 即将直接引语变为间接引语或将间接引语转换成直接引语。此时还要注意相关时态、人称、动词、状语等的相应变化。如：‎ ‎1. “I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me. ‎ He ______ me that he ______ ______ his wallet.‎ 分析：答案为told, had, found。此题为将直接引语转换成间接引语。‎ ‎2. “Did you see her last week?” he said.‎ He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.‎ 分析：答案为asked, if / whether, before。此题是将疑问句的直接引语转换成间接引语。‎ ‎3. He asked me where I had been these days. ‎ ‎“Where ______ ______ ______ these days?” he asked.‎ 分析：答案为have, you, been。此题是将间接引语转换成直接引语。‎ 六、运用简单句与复合句之间的转换 即将简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。如：‎ ‎1. We didn't go out for a walk because it was raining.‎ We didn't go out for a walk _______ _______ the rain.‎ 分析：答案为because of。将原因状语从句because it was raining改为表示原因的介词短语 because of the rain。‎ ‎2. He was so excited that he couldn't go to sleep.‎ He was _______ _______ _______ go to sleep.‎ 分析：答案为too excited to。将so…that…换成too…to…结构，原句的that从句为结果状语从句，改写句中的不定式仍表结果。‎ ‎3. Now I will show you how to do the work.‎ Now I will show you ______ _______ _______ do the work.‎ 分析：答案为how you can。即将原句中的“疑问词+不定式”结构转换成宾语从句。‎ ‎4. You should put them back after you use them. ‎ You should put them back _______ _______ them.‎ 分析：答案为after using。即将after引导的状语从句改写为after引导的介词短语。‎ ‎5. She seems to be worried now. ‎ ‎_______ _______ that she _______worried now.‎ 分析：答案为It, seems, is。复合句 It seems / seemed that sb…与简单句sb. seems / seemed to …同义，均表示“某人看起来……”。 ‎ 七、运用并列句与复合句之间的转换 即将并列句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的并列句。如：‎ ‎1. Come on, or we’ll miss the early bus. ‎ ‎_______ we _______ hurry, we’ll miss the early bus. ‎ 分析：答案为 If, don’ t。if 引导条件状语从句。‎ ‎2. The man gave us a talk last week. Now he will give us another talk this week. ‎ The man ______ gave us a talk last week _____ _____ us another talk this week.‎ 分析：答案为who / that, will, give。who / that gave us a talk last week为定语从句，修饰先行词the man。(from zkenglish.com)‎ 八、运用关联连词连接或合并句子 即运用关联连词both...and，neither... nor，either...or， not only...but also，等将两个简单句合并为一个简单句。此时要注意的是，both…and…连接两个主语时，谓语总是用复数，而neither... nor，either...or，not only... but also连接两个主语时，谓语动词通常应与靠近的主语保持一致。如：‎ ‎1. Tom can’t speak Japanese well and Jim can’t, either. ‎ ‎______ Tom ______ Jim can speak Japanese well.‎ 分析：答案填Neither, nor。neither…nor…表示“……和……(两者)都不”，刚好与原句的两个否定结构的意思相吻合。 ‎ ‎2. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too.‎ ‎_______ Alice _______ Peter have read the book.‎ 分析：答案为Both, and。both…and…的意思是“……和……(两者)都”。‎ ‎3. This store sells men’s shoes, and it also sells men’s clothes. ‎ This store sells ______ ______ men’s shoes _____ _____ men’s clothes.‎ 分析：答案为not, only, but, also。表示“不仅……而且……”之意。‎ 九、利用某些典型句式或结构进行转换 这类典型结构如so…that…, too…to…, enough to, not…until…, so do I等。如：‎ ‎1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too. ‎ Jim wants to go boating, and ________ ________ his parents. ‎ 分析：答案为so do。句意为“……他的父母也一样(一样想去)”。‎ ‎2. John went to bed after he finished his homework. ‎ John_____ go to bed ____ he finished his homework.‎ 分析：答案为didn’t, until。not…until意为“直到……才”。‎ 中考英语句型转换题备考策略 一、了解英语句子分类及特点 英语中的句子若按句子的使用目的划分，可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。其中陈述句又有肯定句和否定句之分，疑问句可分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句和选择疑问句。若按句子的结构划分，可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。另外，当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，我们称之为主动句；当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，我们称之为被动句。‎ 二、弄清句型转换的常见题型 ‎(1)单数句与复数句之间的转换；‎ ‎(2)主动句与被动句之间的转换；‎ ‎(3)肯定的陈述句改为否定句；‎ ‎(4)肯定的陈述句改为感叹句。‎ ‎(5)肯定的陈述句改为疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句、选择疑问句)；‎ ‎(6)改为同义句(见下一条)。‎ 三、重点把握同义句改写 ‎(1)两个简单句或者一个并列句变为 一个简单句。如：常用not only…but also…, neither…nor…, instead of等来改含有too, either等的句子。‎ ‎(2)复合句与简单句之间的转换。如：比较级与最高级之间的转换；so…that…与too…to…或…enough to do之间的转换；so that与in order to之间的转换；when sb was five与at the age of five之类的相互转换；sb was surprised that与to sb’s surprise等之类的相互转换等。 ‎ ‎(3)复合句与复合句之间的转换。如：直接引语与间接引语之间的转换；比较级与比较级或与(not)as…as..之间的转换；not…until...与…after…之间的转换等。‎ 中考英语句型转换模拟题10例 按要求改写下列句子，每空填一个英语单词。‎ ‎1. Mr Li said, “Don’t make such a mistake again, Tim.” (改为间接引语) ‎ Mr Li told Jim ______ ______ ______ such a mistake again.‎ ‎2. Mr King hardly spoke a word all the evening. (改为反义疑问句) ‎ Mr King hardly spoke a word all the evening, ______ ______?‎ ‎3. You must hand in your maths homework by the Friday. (改为被动语态)‎ Your maths homework ______ ______ ______ ______ by the Friday.‎ ‎4. My grandmother is too old to travel around. (改为同义句)‎ My grandmother is ______ old ______ he ______ travel around any ______.‎ ‎5. Mike’s bike is much more expensive than Susan’s. (改为同义句)‎ Susan’s bike is ______ ______ than ______.‎ ‎6. There’s a pencil-box on the desk. (改为复数形式)‎ There ______ some ______ on the desk.‎ ‎7. She has her lunch at school. (改为否定句)‎ She ______ ______ lunch at school.‎ ‎8. She is going to be a teacher in the future. (就划线部分提问)‎ ‎______ ______ ______ going to be in the future?‎ ‎9. All the pupils have been to the park. Their English teacher has been there, too. (改为同义句)‎ ‎______ ______ all the pupils ______ ______ their English teacher ______ been there.‎ ‎10. Why didn’t she pass the exam? I want to know... (改为含宾语从句的复合句)‎ I want to know ______ ______ ______ pass the exam ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎1. not to make。直接引语为否定祈使句时，若改为间接引语，用ask / tell sb not to do sth句型，注意其中的Don’t改成了not to。‎ ‎2. did she。当陈述句中有hardly, seldom等时，反意疑问句部分用肯定式。‎ ‎3. must be handed in。含情态动词的被动语态是“情态动词+be +过去分词”。‎ ‎4. so; that; cannot / can’t; more / longer。一般将too…to…改为so…that(否定式)变为同义句。‎ ‎5. much cheaper; Mike’s。A比B贵，当然就是B比A便宜。‎ ‎6. are, pencil-boxes。以s, x, sh, ch等结尾的名词，在词末加es变为复数。‎ ‎7. doesn’t, have。主语是第三人称单数，行为动词的一般现在时在变为否定句时，在其前面加doesn’t，行为动词要改为原形，所以has要改为have。‎ ‎8. What, is she。就划线部分提问就是要求改为特殊疑问句，即改为“疑问词+一般疑问句”，所以要将is调到主语she的前面。‎ ‎9. Not only, but also, has。注间谓语动词在人称和数方面与but also后的主语一致。‎ ‎10. why, she didn’t。注意宾语从句的词序与陈述句的词序相同，所以要说she didn’t 中考英语句型变换题小练（有解析）‎ 按要求改写下列句子，每空填一个英语单词。‎ ‎1. Paul did his homework yesterday evening.（改为否定句） ‎ Paul ______ ______ his homework yesterday evening.‎ ‎2. It’s raining very heavily. (改为感叹句)‎ ‎______ ______ it is raining!‎ ‎3. Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. (对划线部分提问)‎ ‎______ ______ Lucy ask him to ______?‎ ‎4. They will be back in two weeks. (就划线部分提问)‎ ‎______ ______ ______they be back?‎ ‎5. The box is too heavy for him to carry. (改为同义句) ‎ The box isn’t ______ ______ for him to carry. ‎ ‎6. Kate went to bed last night after her father came back home. (同义句) ‎ Kate ______ ______ to bed last night______ her father ______home.‎ ‎7. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the early bus. (改为含条件状语从句的复合句) ‎ ‎______ ______ hurry, ______ ______miss the early train.‎ ‎8. This text is very difficult. I can’t understand it. (合并为同义句) ‎ This text is ______ difficult for me ______ understand. ‎ ‎9. I really don’t know what I should do next. (改为简单句)‎ I really don’t know ______ ______ ______next.‎ ‎10. Jack’s father asked him, “Have you packed your things?” (改为间接引语) ‎ Jack’s father asked him ______ he ______ packed his things.‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎1. didn’t do。行为动词的一般过去时改为否定句时，在行为动词前加didn’t，然后加行为动词改为原形，所以在did前加didn’t，并把did改为do。‎ ‎2. How heavily。将how代替形容词或副词前的very, quite等，并将“how+形容词或副词”移致句首，其他部分不变。‎ ‎3. What did, do。对动词提问就是问某人做某事，即用what…do提问；此句是行为动词的过去时，所以在主语前加did，改asked改为原形ask，变为疑问句。‎ ‎4. How soon, will。问某事在多久之后才会发生或结束用how soon来提问。‎ ‎5.　light enough。可用“形容词A+enough to do”把“too +形容词A的反义词+to do”来改写为同义句。‎ ‎6. didn’t go, until, return。其中not…until…意为“直到……才……”，return=come back。‎ ‎7. If you, you will。“祈使句+and / or+陈述句”句型中的祈使句就相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。注意：改写时因为前面用了连词if，后面的连词and / or要去掉。‎ ‎8. too, to。因为too…to…意为“太……而不能……”正好与前面的意思相吻合。另外，改写后的句子也可说成The text is so difficult that I can’t understand it. ‎ ‎9. what to do。当以疑问词引导的宾语从句的主语与主句主语或宾语相同，且宾语从句中的谓语动词是将来时态或含情态动词时，可用“疑问词+不定式”改为简单句。‎ ‎10. if, had。将一般疑问句的直接引语改为间接引语，就是将其改为一个以if(是否)引导的宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，主句中的谓语动词是过去式时，宾语从句的谓语动词也用过去式。‎ 中考英语同义句改写题专练 改写下列句子，使其与原句相同或相近，每空填一个英语单词。‎ ‎1. She didn’t live in that village any more.‎ She ______ ______ lived in that village.‎ ‎2. It’s time for breakfast. ‎ It’s time ______ ______breakfast. ‎ ‎3. How much is this TV set？‎ What’s ______ ______ ______this TV set?‎ ‎4. May I help you？‎ What ______I ______ ______ you？‎ ‎5. This book is the most interesting of the four.‎ This book is ______ interesting ______ any of the other three.‎ ‎6. “Don’t be late again, Tom,” the teacher said.‎ The teacher ______ Tom ______ ______ ______late again. ‎ ‎7. Emma doesn’t like music. Paul doesn’t like music, either. ‎ ‎______ Emma ______ Paul likes music.‎ ‎8. Marry didn’t have her lunch and went to school in a hurry. ‎ Marry ______ to school ______ breakfast.‎ ‎9. "My brother doesn’t like coffee or tea," said Bob.‎ Bob said that______ brother liked ______coffee ______coke. ‎ ‎10. My TV set doesn’t work well. "‎ Something______ ______ ______my watch.‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎1. no longer。表示时间的“不再”，no longer=not…any longer=not…any more.注意no longer一般位于行为动词前be动词后，any longer和any more却要位于否定式的谓语(包括宾语)之后。‎ ‎2. to, have。因为It’s time for sth=It’s time to do sth是该做某事的时候了。‎ ‎3. the, price, of。两者都是问价钱的句型，此外，还可用What does this TV set cost?来询问价钱。‎ ‎4. can, do, for。两者都是商店或餐馆的服务员等询问顾客是否需要某种服务的常用句型。‎ ‎5. more, than。注意最高级与比较级之间的同义转换。‎ ‎6. told, not, to, be。直接引语是祈使句，用tell sb (not) to do sth改为间接引语。注意：其中say (to)改为tell，don’t改为not to。‎ ‎7. Neither, nor。表示两者都不。‎ ‎8. hurried, without。注意介词短语与动词的同义转换。又如：He went to Canada for (=to spend) his holiday.‎ ‎9. his, neither, nor。直接引语改为间接引语时，第一人称的代词要改为与主句主语的人称相同，所以my改为his。‎ ‎10. wrong, is, with。此句还可以说There is something wrong with my watch。‎ 中考英语同义句改写题10道（附详解）‎ 改写下列句子，使其与原句相同或相近，每空填一个英语单词。‎ ‎1. Mr Brown went to Australia by air just now. ‎ Mr Brown ______ ______Australia just now.‎ ‎2. It took Jenny two days to prepare the travel. ‎ Jenny ______ two days ______the travel.‎ ‎3. Remember to give me a ring as soon as you get to Shanghai.‎ Make ______ to telephone me as soon as you ______ Shanghai.‎ ‎4. His father has been away from home for three weeks.‎ His father ______ home three weeks ______. He hasn’t come back home yet.‎ ‎5. We often play basketball after school. ‎ We often play basketball when school______ ______. ‎ ‎6. Jenny had a terrible cough, so her mother took her to hospital yesterday. ‎ Yesterday Jenny’s mother took her to hospital ______ she coughed ______‎ ‎7. Wang Lin decided to move to America when he was twenty.‎ Wang Lin made a ______ to move to America at the ______ of twenty.‎ ‎8. She quickly left to look after the sick people when she heard the news.‎ When she heard the news, she ______ ______to look after the sick people.‎ ‎9. I couldn’t catch the plane because of the heavy traffic. ‎ The heavy traffic ______ me from ______ the plane,‎ ‎10. John’s parents made him not watch TV from Monday to Friday last term.‎ John ______ made not ______ watch TV by his parents from Monday to Friday last term.‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎1. fly, to。因为fly to some place=go to some place by plane乘飞机去某地。‎ ‎2. spent, in preparing / getting ready。表示“做某事花费或需要多少时间或金钱”用take时，用不定式to do表示做某事；用spend时，用(in) doing表示做某事。另外，还可以用sth cost sb some money和sb pay some money for sth来表示“某人在某物上花了多少钱”。‎ ‎3. sure, reach。因为make sure to do sth (务必要做某事)与remember to do sth (记住要做某事)大意相同；get to与reach同义。‎ ‎4. left, ago。前句谓语用的是延续性动词与“for+时间段”连用，后句是谓语是非延续性动词与“时间段+ago”连用，此句还可说成It is three weeks since his father left home.这类动词还有很多，如die与be dead；join the army与be in the army / be a soldier；come here与be here；buy与have；borrow与keep等等。‎ ‎5. is, over。因为be over是“结束”之意。‎ ‎6. because, terribly。采用了因果倒置法，即将“原因句+so结果句”变为“结果句+because +原因句”。‎ ‎7. decision。因为decide to do与make a decision to do同义。at the age of，甚至直接用at加上数字，表示“在……岁时”。‎ ‎8. hurried, off。因为hurry off(匆匆离去)=leave quickly。‎ ‎9. stopped / prevented / kept, catching。因为stop / prevent / keep sb from doing sth都是“阻止某人做某事”之意。‎ ‎10. was, to。因为make sb do sth这类用省略to的不定式作宾补的句型，改为被动语态后，要加上to。语态改变时还要注意时态不变，因上句made是过去时，所以改为被动句时be用was。‎ 英语句型变换专练·疑问句部分 按要求变换句型，每空一词：‎ ‎1. Either Jim or Mary will come to the meeting. (改为选择疑问句)‎ Who will come to the meeting, _______ ______ _______?‎ ‎2. He will come today. He will also come tomorrow. (合并为选择疑问句)‎ Will he come _______ _______ _______?‎ ‎3. The students did what we told them. (变为一般疑问句)‎ ‎_______ the students _______ what we told them?‎ ‎4. Each of the students wants to join it. (变为一般疑问句)‎ ‎_______ each of the students ______ to join it?‎ ‎5. He went to the cinema last night. (就划线部分提问)‎ ‎_______ _______ he _______ to the cinema?‎ ‎6. Mary will be on duty at six o’clock. (就划线部分提问)‎ ‎_______ _______ _______ on duty at six o’clock?‎ ‎5. Her brother Jim likes reading stories. (就划线部分提问)‎ ‎_______ _______ her brother Jim ______ reading?‎ ‎6. There are twelve months in a year. (就划线部分提问)‎ ‎______ ______ ______ are there in a year?‎ ‎7. My father’s car is black. (就划线部分提问)‎ ‎_______ _______ is your father’s car?‎ ‎8. I’ve brought Jim’s ball. (就划线部分提问)‎ ‎______ ______ have you brought?‎ ‎9. Let me do it for you. (变为反意疑问句)‎ Let me do it for you, _______ _______?‎ ‎10. He went home the day before yesterday. (变为反意疑问句)‎ He went home the day before yesterday, _______ _______?‎ ‎11. There must be something with it. (变为反意疑问句)‎ There must be something with it, _______ _______?‎ ‎12. He had nothing for breakfast today. (变为反意疑问句)‎ He had nothing for breakfast today, _______ _______?‎ ‎13. He has never been to Japan before. (变为反意疑问句)‎ He has never been to Japan before, _______ _______?‎ ‎14. I’m more careful than her. (变为反意疑问句)‎ I’m more careful than her, _______ _______?‎ ‎15. Don’t forget to tell him. (变为反意疑问句)‎ Don’t forget to tell him, _______ _______?‎ ‎16. I believe that the film is interesting. (变为反意疑问句)‎ I believe that the film is interesting, _______ _______?‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎1. Jim, or, Mary 2. today, or, tomorrow ‎ ‎3. Did, do 4. Does, want ‎ ‎5. When, did, go 6. How, many, months ‎ ‎7. What, color 8. Whose, ball ‎ ‎9. will, you 10. didn’t, he ‎ ‎11. isn’t, there 12. did, he ‎ ‎13. has, he 14. aren’t, I ‎ ‎15. will, you 16. isn’t, it 主动语态变被动语态 将下列句子变为被动语态：‎ ‎1. We often sing this song.‎ ‎_______________________________‎ ‎2. He broke his leg in the match.‎ ‎_______________________________‎ ‎3. She will sell her house soon.‎ ‎_______________________________‎ ‎4. He is repairing the machine.‎ ‎_______________________________‎ ‎5. He has finished his work.‎ ‎_______________________________‎ ‎6. We call him Lao Wang.‎ ‎_______________________________‎ ‎7. We must do something to help her.‎ ‎_______________________________‎ ‎8. What did you say at the meeting?‎ ‎_______________________________‎ ‎9. He gave me some old magazines.‎ ‎_______________________________‎ ‎10. He told me to wait at the gate.‎ ‎_______________________________‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎1. This song is often sung. ‎ ‎2. His leg was broken in the match. ‎ ‎3. Her house will be sold soon. ‎ ‎4. The machine is being repaired. ‎ ‎5. His work has been finished. ‎ ‎6. He is called Lao Wang. ‎ ‎7. Something must be done to help her. ‎ ‎8. What was said at the meeting? ‎ ‎9. I was given some old magazines. ‎ ‎10. I was told to wait at the gate. ‎ 中考英语句型变换小练 在空白处填上适当的词语，使之与所给句子意思相同，每空一词：‎ ‎1. I don’t know when we will go there for our holiday.‎ ‎→I don’t know ______ _____ _____ there for our holiday.‎ ‎2. The question is where we can buy such a machine.‎ ‎→The question is _____ ______ ______ such a machine.‎ ‎3. He was so frightened that he couldn’t say anything. ‎ ‎→He was ______ ______ ______ say anything. ‎ ‎4. It is such a difficult book that all of us can’t understand it.‎ ‎→The book is _____ difficult ______ all of us _____ understand.‎ ‎5. The girl is too young to get married.‎ ‎→The girl is ______ ______ ______ ______ get married.‎ ‎6. We hope that we can buy such a nice house. ‎ ‎→ We hope ______ ______such a nice house.‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎1. when, to, start 2. where, to, buy ‎ ‎3. too, frightened, to 4. too, for, to ‎ ‎5. not, old, enough, to 6. to, buy ‎ 中考英语句子改写题复习说明 ‎ ‎ 一、句子改写题的题型特点 句子改写是考查学生句型方面知识的题型，即从语法规则上考查学生对基本句型的理解、掌握和运用，它包括句型转换(即将一个或几个英语句子按一定的要求，改写成能够表达其他各种不同意思和语气的句子，如肯定句与否定句的转换，陈述句与疑问句的转换，陈述句与感叹句的转换，主动语态与被动语态的转换等)和同义句改写(在保留原句句意基本不变的情况下，把整个句子结构或句子中的某些成分加以变换)。句子改写也是中考命题的一个重要题型，它不仅考查学生对英语语法的基础知识和基本技能，而且考查学生分析、判断、辨别、迁移等综合运用能力以及用不同表达方式表述相同和相近意思的能力。‎ ‎ ‎ 二、句子改写题的解题方法 ‎ 在做句子改写题时，首先要弄清所给句子的句式结构、句子转换的要求、试题填空部分与原句的对应关系，对两个句子相同部分不需理会，全力考虑的是需要转换的部分。‎ ‎1. 认真阅读原句，弄清转换部分与原句的对应部分，对原句所表达的含义及句子结构、时态、语态、表达形式等要认真加以分析，弄清其言下之意，做到心中有数。‎ ‎2. 根据所给的空格，确定同义的句式和恰当的词语。解题时应把原句与要改写的句子联系起来，抓住关键内容，灵活运用所学的知识。‎ ‎3. 认真检查改写后的句子，注意检查所用的表达方式、时态、语态、词汇、结构等是否符合题目要求，意思是否与原句一致。‎ 总之，同学们只要在平时的学习中善于归纳总结，弄清内在联系，理清思路，多思多练，定能提高解题的能力 句子改写题实例分析 ‎ ‎ ‎1. Li Lei does his homework at seven. (改为否定句)‎ Li Lei ________ ________ his homework at seven. ‎ ‎【解析】此题的要求是改为否定句，原句是一般现在时，且主语是第三人称单数，句中的does是行为动词，所以第一空应填doesn’t；而第二空则把does还原成do。‎ ‎2. His sister had lunch at school yesterday. (改为一般疑问句)‎ ‎_________ his sister _________ lunch at school yesterday? ‎ ‎【解析】先弄清原句的时态，had和yesterday都可表明原句时态为一般过去时，所以改为一般疑问句时，须在主语前加助动词did，had还原成have。故正确答案为：Did, have ‎3. Lucy’s just come back from the USA. (改为反意疑问句)‎ Lucy’s just come back from the USA, ________ ________? ‎ ‎【解析】原句的时态为现在完成时，Lucy’s是Lucy has 的缩写形式，陈述部分是肯定形式，Lucy为女名，所以正确答案为：hasn’t she ‎4. He was very tired. He couldn’t do anything. (改为同义句)‎ He was ________ tired _________ do anything. ‎ ‎【解析】原句意为“他太累了，他什么也不能做。”把两句合并为一句时，根据所给的空格我们可用“too…to…(太……以致于不能……)”结构表达相同的意思。故答案为：too, to，但须注意此句不能用so…that 结构，除非把句子改为He was so tired that he couldn’t do anything.‎ ‎5. It was windy yesterday. (对句子划线部分提问)‎ ‎________ was the _________ like yesterday? ‎ ‎【解析】句中的划线部分windy是一个表天气状况的形容词，那么询问天气的句式是“What’s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？)”。所以答案为：What, weather ‎6. He likes the book. So does she. (改为简单句，使句意不变)‎ ‎________ he _______ she ________ the book. ‎ ‎【解析】原句意为“他喜欢这本书，她也是。”根据题目要求句意不变，那么我们可以说“他和她都喜欢这本书。”在英语中表达“两者都”可用Both…and …来表示。主语是并列主语，所以第三空为like。‎ ‎7. Hurry up, or we’ll be late.(改为复合句)‎ ‎________ we ________ hurry, we’ll be late. ‎ ‎【解析】原句是由并列连词or 引导的并列句，只须把祈使句Hurry up改为以if引导的条件状语从句即可。答案为：If, don’t ‎ ‎8. The film is very interesting. (改为感叹句)‎ ‎________ ________ the film is!‎ ‎【解析】感叹句的句式为How + adj. + 主语 + 谓语！或 What (a / an) + adj. + n. + 主语+ 谓语！根据所给的空格，应用第一种感叹句式。正确答案为：How interesting ‎9. The box was so heavy that she couldn’t carry it. (改为简单句)‎ The box was ________ heavy ________ her ________ carry. ‎ ‎【解析】so…that…句型是一个复合句，若that从句表示否定的，可用too…to结构改成一个简单句，但注意动词不定式的逻辑主语应在不定式前加for sb。故答案为：too, for, to ‎10. Is the earth round? The little boy asked. (合并为宾语从句)‎ The little boy asked ________ the earth ________ round. ‎ ‎【解析】一般疑问句作宾语从句时须加连接词if 或whether，当宾语从句表示客观真理或客观事实时，时态不随主句的时态而变化，仍然用一般现在时。故答案为：if / whether, is ‎11. Jim runs faster than any other boy in the class. (改为同义句)‎ Jim runs ______ _______ in his class. ‎ ‎【解析】原句意为“吉姆比班里其他任何男孩跑得快。”言外之意，吉姆是班里跑得最快的。此题是由比较级转换成最高级。故正确答案为：the fastest ‎12. Where did they grow vegetables? (改为被动语态)‎ Where ________ vegetables ________ ?‎ ‎【解析】被动语态的结构为be + vt.p.p.(及物动词的过去分词)，原句时态为一般过去时，句子主语vegetables为复数，所以be用were，第二空用grow的过去分词grown。‎ ‎13. The boy is very strong, and he can carry the heavy box. (合并为一句，使句意不变)‎ The boy is _________ _________ _________ carry the heavy box. ‎ ‎【解析】原句意为：这男孩非常有力，他能提起那个重盒子。合并为一句时，我们可用adj.(形容词) + enough to 或so + adj. + that从句来改写。根据所给的空格，故正确答案为：strong enough to. 但如果用so … that改写，句子应该是这样：The boy is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.‎ ‎14. I don’t know when we shall leave for Nanjing. (改为简单句)‎ I don’t know when ______ ________ for Nanjing. ‎ ‎【解析】原句是一个含宾语从句的复合句，当主句谓语动词为know, decide等时，且宾语从句是一个特殊疑问句，我们可用疑问词+不定式来改写。故答案为：to leave ‎ ‎15. Li Lei received a letter from his parents yesterday. (改为同义句)‎ Li Lei ________ _________ his parents yesterday.‎ ‎【解析】在英语中，往往一个句子有多种表达法，在平时的学习中同学们要尽可能地把一些词义在用法上相似的单词或短语组合起来，加深记忆，使之不易混淆。句中的received a letter from就相当于heard from。‎ ‎ ‎ 中考英语句型转换复习方略 ‎ ‎ 一、考题揭密 句子改写是考查学生句型方面知识的题型，即从语法规则上考查学生对基本句型的理解、掌握和运用。它包括句型转换(即将一个或几个英语句子按一定的要求，改写成能够表达其他各种不同意思和语气的句子，如肯定句与否定句的转换，陈述句与疑问句的转换，陈述句与感叹句的转换，主动语态与被动语态的转换等)和同义句改写(在保留原句句意基本不变的情况下，把整个句子结构或句子中的某些成分加以变换)。句子改写也是中考命题的一个重要题型，它不仅考查学生英语语法的基础知识和基本技能，而且考查学生分析、判断、辨别、迁移等综合运用能力以及用不同表达方式表述相同和相近意思的能力。‎ ‎ ‎ 二、解题方法 在做句子改写题时，首先要弄清所给句子的句式结构、句子转换的要求、试题填空部分与原句的对应关系，不需理会两个句子相同的部分，全力考虑的是需要转换的部分。‎ ‎1. 认真阅读原句，弄清转换部分与原句的对应部分，对原句所表达的含义及句子结构、时态、语态、表达形式等要认真加以分析，弄清其言下之意，做到心中有数。‎ ‎2. 根据所给的空格，确定同义的句式和恰当的词语。解题时应把原句与要改写的句子联系起来，抓住关键内容，灵活运用所学的知识。‎ ‎3. 认真检查改写后的句子，注意检查所用的表达方式、时态、语态、词汇、结构等是否符合题目要求，意思是否与原句一致。‎ 总之，同学们只要在平时的学习中善于归纳总结，弄清内在联系，理清思路，多思多练，定能提高解题的能力。‎ 句型变换复习·陈述句变疑问句 ‎ ‎ ‎1. 将陈述句改为一般疑问句 ‎1) 若句中有系动词(be)、助动词、情态动词或have (作“有”讲)时，将其提到主语前，句末用问号。例如：‎ He is a first-year student.‎ ‎→Is he a first-year student?‎ I have a pencil-box.‎ ‎→Have you a pencil-box?‎ ‎2) 如果谓语动词是行为动词，则在主语前加Do(Does或Did)，再将动词还原成原形，在句末加问号。例如：‎ He does morning exercises every day.‎ ‎→Dose he do morning exercises every day?‎ They did some cleaning yesterday.‎ ‎→Did they do some cleaning yesterday?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. 将陈述句改为反意疑问句 反意疑问句是在陈述句后边加上一个简短问句，对陈述句所叙述的内容提出相反的疑问，这种句子就叫做反意疑问句。反意疑问句可以表示真实的疑问，也可以表示提问人的倾向、强调或反问。如果陈述句是肯定句时，后边的反意疑问句通常要用否定式；反之，如果陈述句是否定句时，后边的反意疑问句通常要用肯定式。陈述句和后边的反意疑问句的主语以及谓语动词的人称、数、时态通常要保持一致。例如：‎ He is a teacher, isn’t he?‎ He speaks English, doesn’t he?‎ Mary won’t do it, will she?‎ 回答反意疑问句和回答一般疑问句一样，肯定回答用“Yes, +肯定结构”；否定回答用“No, +否定结构”。这与汉语习惯有所不同，例如：‎ ‎—He’s a doctor, isn’t he? 他是医生，对吧？‎ ‎—Yes, he is. 对，他是医生。(No, he isn’t. 不，他不是医生。) ‎ ‎—He isn’t a doctor, is he? 他不是医生，对吧？‎ ‎—Yes, he is. 不，他是医生。(No, he isn’t. 对，他不是医生。) ‎ 在使用反意疑问句时，特别要注意以下几点：‎ ‎1. 在动词have当“有”讲时，可以有两种反意疑问句形式：‎ He hasn’t any sisters, has he?‎ He doesn’t have any sisters, does he?‎ 当have表示其他含义(如：经历、遭受、得到、吃……) 讲时，只有一种反意疑问句形式：‎ You all had a good time, didn’t you?‎ He often has colds, doesn’t he?‎ They had milk and bread for breakfast, didn’t they?‎ ‎2. 如果陈述句的谓语动词含有have to, had to时，反意疑问句通常用其他适当形式：‎ We have to get there at 8 tomorrow morning, don’t we?‎ They had to take the early train, didn’t they?‎ ‎3. need既可以作情态动词，又可以作实意动词，注意有两种反意疑问句形式：‎ You needn’t hand in your paper today, need you?‎ You don’t need to hand in your paper today, do you?‎ ‎4. 如果陈述句的谓语动词含有used to时，也可以有两种反意疑问句形式：‎ He used to get up late, usedn’t / didn’t he?‎ ‎5. 如果陈述句中出现never, seldom, hardly, few, little, nobody, no one, nothing 等含有否定意义的词时，反意疑问句通常要用肯定式，例如：‎ She seldom goes to the concert, does she?‎ He hardly writes to you, does he?‎ He has few good reasons for staying, has he?‎ You have nothing else to say, have you?‎ ‎6. 如果陈述句中的主语是不定式短语、动名词短语、从句、everything或nothing等时，反意疑问句通常要用it作主语。例如：‎ To sell / Selling newspaper was his job, wasn’t it?‎ What he said is true, isn’t it?‎ Nothing can stop us now, can’t it?‎ Everything is all right, isn’t it?‎ ‎7. 如果陈述句中的主语是不定代词everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, each of 等时，反意疑问句通常要用they或he作主语。例如：‎ Everyone knows the answer, don’t they / doesn’t he?‎ Somebody borrowed my bike, didn’t they / he?‎ Each of them fulfilled his work, didn’t he?‎ Each of them passed the exam, didn’t they?‎ No one was hurt, was he?‎ ‎8. 如果陈述句用“I am”时，反意疑问句通常要用“aren’t I”。例如：‎ I’m late, aren’t I?‎ ‎9. 如果陈述句是含有宾语从句的复合句式，反意疑问句的主语以及谓语动词的人称、数、时态通常要与主句保持一致。例如：‎ He never said that he would come, did he?‎ I told that not everyone could do it, didn’t I?‎ 但是，如果陈述句是“I don’t think(believe, suppose, imagine等) 含有宾语从句的复合句式”，反意疑问句的主语以及谓语动词的人称、数、时态通常要和从句保持一致，并且要用肯定式。例如：‎ I don’t think she can finish the hard work alone, can she?‎ I don’t believe he knows it, does he? ‎ ‎10. 如果陈述句是含有“there be”结构时，反意疑问句要用there，省去主语代词。例如：‎ There is something wrong with your computer, isn’t there?‎ There wouldn’t be any trouble, will there?‎ 句型变换复习·肯定句变否定句 ‎ ‎ ‎1. 谓语动词是be、have(作“有”讲)，或谓语动词有助动词、情态动词时，在它们的后面加not。若句中有some时，需将some改为any。例如：‎ I have some books on this subject.‎ ‎→I have not any books on this subject.‎ He can speak English.‎ ‎→He cannot speak English.‎ ‎2. 当谓语动词是行为动词，而句中又没有情态动词或助动词时，需要在谓语动词之前加do not, does not或did not 来构成否定句。例如：‎ I know something about it. ‎ ‎→ I don’t know anything about it.‎ ‎3. 否定由think、believe、know等动词引出的宾语从句时，应将主句改为否定形式。例如：‎ She knows why the train is late.‎ ‎→She doesn’t know why the train is late.‎ ‎4. 祈使句的否定形式是在谓语动词前直接加do not。例如：‎ Read in bed.‎ ‎→Don’t read in bed.‎ ‎5. 特殊句型：‎ 陈述句中含有had better，要将其变为否定句时，要把not加在better后。例如：‎ You had better go with me.‎ ‎→You had better not go with me.‎ 陈述句中含有“both (all) of ＋名词”作主语，要将其改为否定句时，要用neither来代替both，none代替all，并注意谓语动词数的变化。例如：‎ Both of them are Americans.‎ ‎→Neither of them is American. ‎ 句型变换复习·就划线部分提问 ‎ ‎ ‎1. 对句中的主语或主语的定语部分提问 只把要提问的部分用特殊疑问词who, what, whose, which等替换下来，原句词序不变即可。例如： ‎ ‎1) Peter draws well. (问人物，主语) ‎ ‎→Who draws well？ ‎ ‎2) The girl in the car is his sister. (问哪一个，定语) ‎ ‎→Which girl is his sister？ ‎ ‎3) Our classroom is bright. (问物主，定语) ‎ ‎→Whose classroom is bright？ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. 对表语或表语的定语提问 用特殊疑问词who, whose, what colour, how, how old 等引导，后面加一般疑问句形式。如： ‎ ‎1) My father is a worker. (问职业，表语) ‎ ‎→What is your father?／What does your father do?‎ ‎2) The teacher is my brother’s friend. (问物主，定语) ‎ ‎→Whose friend is the teacher?‎ ‎3) The book is on the desk. (问地点，表语) ‎ ‎→Where is the book?‎ ‎4) He is twelve. (问年龄，表语) ‎ ‎→How old is he? ‎ ‎5) It’s six o’clock. (问时间，表语) ‎ ‎ →What time is it?‎ ‎6) He is fine. (问身体状况，表语) ‎ ‎→How is he? ‎ ‎7) Mary’s sweater is red. (问颜色，表语) ‎ ‎→What colour is Mary’s sweater? ‎ ‎8) It’s Sunday today. (问星期几，表语) ‎ ‎→What day is it today?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3. 对宾语或宾语的定语部分提问 用特殊疑问词who(whom), what, which, whose, how many, how much 等引导，后加一般疑问句形式。例如： ‎ ‎1) The nurse is looking after the children. (问人，介宾) ‎ ‎→ Who／Whom is the nurse looking after? ‎ ‎2) I like the book on the right best. (问哪一个，定语) ‎ ‎→Which book do you like best? ‎ ‎3) They have learned 100 English words. (问多少，定语) ‎ ‎→How many English words have they learned? ‎ ‎4) They had much rice for lunch. (问多少，定语) ‎ ‎→How much rice did they have for lunch? ‎ ‎4. 对状语部分提问 用特殊疑问词 when, what time, where, how, why 等引导，后加一般疑问句形式。例如： ‎ ‎1) I often go to school at six in the morning. (问时间，状语) ‎ ‎→What time do you often go to school in the morning? ‎ ‎2) We have lunch at home. (问地点，状语) ‎ ‎→Where do you have lunch?‎ ‎3) My sister goes to school on foot. (问方式，状语) ‎ ‎ →How does your sister go to school?‎ ‎4) Mary didn’t come to school yesterday because she was ill. (问原因，状语) ‎ ‎→Why didn’t Mary come to school yesterday? ‎ 注：how long, how soon和how often都含有“多久”的意思，都能对时间状语进行提问，应注意其区别： ‎ how long提问“一段时间”，即对介词短语for... 和since... 提问，可用于一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时等。如： ‎ They stayed there for ten years. (问多长时间，状语) ‎ ‎→How long did they stay there? ‎ how soon提问“多久以后”，即表示所间隔的时间段，如介词短语in... 等，常与一般将来时连用，这种情况有时也可用when提问。如： ‎ He will be back in an hour. (问多久以后，状语) ‎ ‎→How soon／When will he be back?‎ They will finish the work very soon. (问多久以后，状语)‎ ‎→How soon will they finish the work?‎ how often提问频度、“多久一次”，即重复动作所发生的时间间隔，不强调次数，常与一般现在时和一般过去时连用。如： ‎ I watch TV every evening. (问多久一次，状语)‎ ‎→How often do you watch TV？ ‎ 句型变换复习·主动语态变被动语态 ‎ ‎ 被动语态由“助动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上，同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。在将主动语态变为被动语态时，可按以下三个步骤：a. 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。b. ‎ 把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) ，并根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。c. 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。在无须说明动作的执行者或只强调动作的承受者时，by短语可以省略。例如： ‎ All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people. ‎ They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory. ‎ 含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语，另一个宾语仍保留在原处。一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语，直接宾语(指物)不变；另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人)不变，这时,间接宾语前通常加介词to，有时加for。例如：‎ My father gave me a new book on my birthday.‎ ‎→I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语) ‎ ‎→A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语) ‎ 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后，to 仍要保留。例如： ‎ We can repair this watch in two days. ‎ ‎→This watch can be repaired in two days. ‎ They should do it at once. ‎ ‎→It should be done at once.‎ ‎ ‎ 句型变换复习·陈述句变感叹句 ‎ ‎ 感叹句通常由what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词、副词或动词。感叹句结构主要有以下几种：‎ How+形容词+a +名词+其他成分!‎ How+形容词或副词+其他成分!‎ What+名词+其他成分!‎ What+a+形容词+名词+其他成分!‎ What+形容词+复数名词+其他成分!‎ What+形容词+不可数名词+其他成分!‎ 把一个陈述句变为感叹句，可用“一断，二加，三换位，四改号”的方法来做。‎ 第一步：“一断”是在谓语后把句子断开。如：‎ He is / a good student. She works / (very) hard.‎ 第二步：“二加”是在第二部分前加上how或what。如：‎ He is / (what) a good student. She works / (how) (very) hard. 注：如有very, too, quite等词应去掉。‎ 第三步：“三换位”是把第一、二部分交换位置。注意句中有关单词的大小写。如： ‎ What a good student he is. How hard she works.‎ 第四步：“四改号”是把原来的句号改为感叹号。如：‎ What a good student he is! How hard she works!‎ 同义句变换备考方略 ‎ ‎ 一、命题特点 同义句改写题是近几年中考的常考题型，通常的出题形式是同时给出两个句子，第一句完整，第二句中设有几处空格，要求考生填入适当的词或词组，使第二句的意思与第一句意思相同。它综合考查考生的语法、词汇、短语或习惯用语和句型结构等知识，要求运用所学的词汇、语法知识和句型结构填写句子，使句子结构完整、逻辑合理、语法知识无误、意思与所给句子相同。‎ 通过对近几年的中考英语试题中同义句改写题的分析，我们注意到中考同义句改写题具有以下的命题规律： 一方面，该题型主要考查考生对英语词汇、句型的掌握情况和灵活运用的能力。其特点是涉及面广、语言点多、方式灵活，特别是对语言的准确性要求很高；另一方面，近几年来，随着新课程标准的出台，新教材的广泛使用，比较死的知识点的考查正被逐步淡化，以纯语言知识点进行填词的题目的数量正在减少，而旨在考查考生理解句子意思，实际运用英语能力的题目，比如根据句子意思分析填词这类题所占分值则逐年递增。‎ ‎ ‎ 二、解题方法 众所周知，掌握良好的解题技巧是走向成功的关键性因素，那么在平时学习和应考过程中我们应特别地注意以下问题：‎ ‎1. 善于积累和总结所学词汇以及句型结构，并不断进行练习以加强巩固，还要适当地加强对那些根据句子意思转换、同义词或词组转换、固定结构的转换等题型的训练与总结。切忌死记硬背词汇、句型和语法知识点，一定要将基础知识与语意的理解相结合，分析句子结构，灵活运用所掌握的知识技能，这样才能在考试中取得令人满意的成绩。‎ ‎2. 认真阅读上句，理解句意，这样才好找出与下句对应的关系、对应的词语或句型。填词时一定要注意词形(如时态、单复数、比较等级等) 是否正确，上下两句的意思是否一致、句子结构是否恰当合适、是否满足空格字数的要求等。‎ 同义句变换·利用同义词改写 ‎ ‎ 用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换，注意替换后的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。如：‎ ‎1. They could see icebergs here and there.‎ They could see icebergs _________.‎ ‎【答案】everywhere。everywhere与here and there都有“到处”之意。‎ ‎2. Mrs Green always takes good care of the children in the school. ‎ Mrs Green always _________ _________ the children well in the school.‎ ‎【答案】looks after。take good care of 与look after…well都有“好好照顾”之意。‎ ‎3. Lin Tao is good at physics.‎ Lin Tao_________ _________ in physics.‎ ‎【答案】does well。be good at与do well in都有“在……(方面) 做得好，擅长于……”之意。‎ ‎4. I like Backstreet Boys. But he likes F4 better.‎ He_________ F4_________ Backstreet Boys.‎ ‎【答案】prefers, to。词组prefer A to B 意为“选择A(而不选择B)；比起 B 来，更喜欢A”。‎ ‎5. Mother is ill. Send for a doctor right away.‎ Mother is ill. Send for a doctor _________ _________.　‎ ‎【答案】at once。right away与at once 都有“马上”之意。‎ ‎6. They enjoyed themselves at the garden party. ‎ They _________ _________ _________ _________ at the garden party. ‎ ‎【答案】had a good time。enjoy oneself同have a good time都有“玩得很高兴，愉快”之意。‎ 同义句变换·利用反义词改写 ‎ ‎ 用反义词或词组加上否定词表达与原句相同的意思，主要考查学生对反义词、词组的积累和换位思维的能力。如：‎ ‎1. The boy lent a story-book to Tom just now.‎ Tom _________ a story-book _________ the boy just now.‎ ‎【答案】borrowed; from。borrow…from意为“从……借来”；而lend…to意为“向……借出”，两个词组正好为一组反义词组，当句子的主语变化时，两个词组可以进行互换。‎ ‎2. The factory is not far from here. It only takes you ten minutes by bike.‎ The factory is _________here. It’s only ten minutes’_________.‎ ‎【答案】near; bike-ride。not far的意思是“不远，近”，可用形容词near与之转换。‎ ‎3. I think music is less interesting than P.E. ‎ I _________think music is _________interesting than P.E.‎ ‎【答案】don’t; more。less interesting的意思是“没有 / 不及……有趣”，与之相反more interesting的意思是“(比) ……更有趣”。 语言现象“否定的转移”要求将think后面宾语从句中的否定形式转移到think 上。‎ ‎4. The bike under the tree is different from this one.‎ The bike under the tree isn’t the _________ _________this one.‎ ‎【答案】same as。the same as意为“与……相同”，而反义词组 be different from 意为“与……不同”。‎ ‎ ‎ 同义句变换·利用语态改写 ‎ ‎ 通过改变主语，主动语态与被动语态之间可进行同义句转换，特别要注意时态、情态动词的用法。如：‎ ‎1. People grow rice in the south of China. ‎ Rice_________ _________ in the south of China.‎ ‎【答案】is grown。rice作主语，助动词用一般现在时的单数形式is。‎ ‎2. Everyone should give back his library books on time. ‎ Library books should _________ _________ on time.‎ ‎【答案】be given back。被动句中含有情态动词should，因此助动词用be。‎ ‎3. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today. ‎ Computers _________ widely _________ in the world today. ‎ ‎【答案】are; used。computers是复数名词作主语，助动词用are，且句子用被动语态。‎ ‎4. We must keep the noise level under 50dbs(分贝). ‎ The noise level must _________ _________ under 50dbs. ‎ ‎【答案】be kept。被动句中含情态动词must，因此助动词用be。‎ ‎5. Do they grow rice in autumn?‎ ‎ rice in autumn?‎ ‎【答案】Is; grown。不可数名词rice作主语, 助动词用单数is，一般疑问句的助动词置于句首。‎ ‎6. We call maths the language of science. ‎ Maths _________ _________ the language of science. ‎ ‎【答案】is called。主语maths虽然是以s结尾，但并不是名词的复数，因此助动词仍用单数is。‎ 同义句变换·利用时态改写 ‎ ‎ 中考同义句改写中涉及的时态间的相互转换主要是针对一般过去时与现在完成时两种时态间的转换而言的，应特别注意非延续性动词的用法。如：‎ ‎1. The film began 20 minutes ago. ‎ The film has been _________ _________ 20 minutes. ‎ ‎【答案】on for。短暂动词begin，在此意为“(电影) 开始(放映、上演) ”，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将begin 改成be up。has been 提示时态是现在完成时态， “for+时间段” 表示“持续(一段时间) ”，常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。‎ ‎2. Sam’s grandfather died 10 years ago. ‎ Sam’s grandfather has been _________ _________ 10 years. ‎ ‎【答案】dead for。短暂动词die，意为“死亡”，不能与延续性时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将短暂动词die改为be dead。‎ ‎3. My grandpa joined the Party thirty years ago. ‎ My grandpa _________ _________ _________ the Party for thirty years. ‎ ‎【答案】has been in。短暂动词join，意为“参加，加入(组织，政党)”，不能与延续性时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将join 改成be in 或be a member in…。‎ ‎4. I got up half an hour ago. ‎ I _________ _________ up for half an hour. ‎ ‎【答案】have been。短暂动词get up，意为“起床”，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将get up 改成be up。‎ ‎5. Three years has passed since the students came to this school. ‎ The students have _________ _________ this school for three years.‎ ‎【答案】been in。与原句意思一致，“学生在这所学校里已3年了”。‎ 同义句变换·利用不定式改写 ‎  ‎ ‎1. The foreigners want to know how they can learn Chinese Kongfu well. ‎ The foreigners want to know _________ _________ learn Chinese Kongfu well. ‎ ‎【答案】how to。不定式与特殊疑问词what, when, where, how, which, whether连用构成不定式复合结构，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。‎ ‎2. She was so weak that she couldn’t take care of her baby. ‎ She was _________ weak _________ take care of her baby. ‎ ‎【答案】too; to。原句意思是：她身体太弱，不能照顾孩子。too…to … 句型表示“太……以致于(不能)……”之意。‎ ‎3. She seems to be worried now. ‎ ‎_________ _________ that she _________ worried now.‎ ‎【答案】It seems; is。固定句型 It seems / seemed that sb… 可替换成sb seems / seemed to …，表示“某人看起来……”。 ‎ ‎4. He was so happy that he couldn’t say a word when he was told the news. ‎ He was _________ happy _________ say a word when he was told the news.‎ ‎【答案】too; to。too…to… 表示“太……而不能……”之意。‎ ‎5. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn’t skate on it.‎ The ice on the lake was not _________ enough _________people _________ _________ _________ it.‎ ‎【答案】thick; for; to skate on。形容词或副词+enough +to do sth,意为“足够……以致于能够……”，用来替换“so…that+结果状语从句”。‎ ‎6. In China we build the Great Green Wall so that the wind won’t blow the earth away. ‎ In China we build the Great Green Wall _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ the earth away.‎ ‎【答案】to stop the wind from blowing。不定式作目的状语。‎ 同义句变换·利用介词短语改写 ‎ ‎ ‎1. We have friends in the whole world. ‎ Our friends are _________ _________ the world.‎ ‎【答案】all over。固定词组all over表示“遍及”之意。‎ ‎2. It’s a long time since we met last. ‎ We haven’t seen each other _________ _________.‎ ‎【答案】for long。for long意为“很长一段时间”。‎ ‎3. He walks to school every day. ‎ He goes to school _________ _________ every day.‎ ‎【答案】on foot。固定词组on foot意为“步行”。‎ ‎4. Tom had no time for breakfast. He went to school in a hurry. ‎ Tom _________ to school _________ breakfast.‎ ‎【答案】went; without。介词without有“没有，不(带) ”之意。‎ ‎5. I met one of my friends when I was going to the museum. ‎ ‎_________ _________ _________ to the museum I met an old friend of mine.‎ ‎【答案】On my way。介词短语on one’s way to… 表示“在某人去……的路上”的意思。‎ 同义句变换·利用连词改写 ‎ ‎ ‎(1. 运用关联连词(组) both...and, neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also, as well as等，可将并列句或两个句子合并为一个简单句，注意neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。 ‎ ‎1. Lucy can’t sing the English song Yesterday Once More. And Lily can’t sing it, either. ‎ ‎_________ Lucy_________ Lily can sing the English song Yesterday Once More. ‎ ‎【答案】Neither; nor。neither...nor表示 “(两者) 都不”。 ‎ ‎2. My father isn’t a history teacher. My mother isn’t a history teacher, either. ‎ ‎_________ my father _________ my mother _________ a history teacher.‎ ‎【答案】Neither; nor; is。neither …nor… 作句子的主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，与最邻近的那个名词或代词保持数的一致。‎ ‎3. Alice has seen the film twice. Sandy has seen it twice, too. ‎ ‎_________ Alice_________ Sandy have seen the film twice.‎ ‎【答案】Both; and。both…and 表示“(两者)都”。‎ ‎4. This store sells men’s shoes, and it also sells men’s clothes. ‎ This store sells _________ _________ men’s shoes _________ _________ men’s clothes.‎ ‎【答案】not only; but also。not only...but also示“不仅……而且”之意。‎ 同义句变换·利用so do I改写 ‎ ‎ ‎ “so＋动词＋主语”结构，表示肯定，译为“某人(物) 也如此”。“neither／nor ＋动词＋主语”结构表示否定， 译为“某人(物) 也不……”。这两种结构指前一句所说的情况同样也适合另一个人或物。转换时应注意四点：‎ ‎1. 动词指助动词、be动词或情态动词；‎ ‎2. 动词在时态上与前句呼应；‎ ‎3. 动词在数上要与本句主语保持一致；‎ ‎4. 表示否定时，neither／nor本身具有否定意义，动词要用肯定形式。 ‎ ‎1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too. ‎ Jim wants to go boating, and _________ _________ his parents. ‎ ‎【答案】so do。主语是复数his parents, 时态是一般现在时，助动词用do。‎ ‎2. I like playing tennis. He likes playing tennis, too. ‎ I like playing tennis, _________ _________ he. ‎ ‎【答案】so does。主语是第三人称单数，时态是一般现在时，助动词用does。‎ ‎ ‎ 同义句变换·利用从句改写 ‎ ‎ 即运用关系代词、关系副词或从属连词改写。如：‎ ‎1. The man is talking with a lady. He gave us a talk last week. ‎ The man _________ gave us a talk last week _________ _________ with a lady.‎ ‎【答案】who / that; is talking。定语从句who / that gave us a talk last week修饰先行词the man。‎ ‎2. He didn’t want to miss the first bus, so he got up early. ‎ He got up early _________ _________ he could catch the first bus.‎ ‎【答案】so that。目的状语从句so that he could catch the first bus说明动词got up early的目的。‎ ‎3. “Did you sleep well last night?” David asked her. ‎ David asked her _________ _________ _________ well last night.‎ ‎【答案】if / whether she slept。直接引语转换成间接引语时，如果直接引语是一般疑问句时，连接词要用if或whether，句子保持陈述句的语序。 ‎ ‎4. Come on, or we’ll miss the early bus.‎ ‎_________ we _________ hurry, we’ll miss the early bus. ‎ ‎【答案】 If; don’ t。if 引导条件状语从句。句意为：如果我们还不快一点，我们就赶不上头班车了。‎ 祈使句与条件状语从句的相互转换。‎ ‎5. John will go to bed after he finished his homework. ‎ John _________ to bed _________ he finished his homework.‎ ‎【答案】didn’t; until。not…until表示“直到……才”的意思。‎ 同义句变换·根据句意改写 ‎ ‎ 主要考查学生对句意的理解和用一个词或一种结构来概括上句的意思的综合能力。如：‎ ‎1. Li Hua and Zhang Ming are the same age. ‎ Li Hua is _________ _________ _________ Zhang Ming.‎ ‎【答案】as old / young as。第一句的意思是“李华和张明同岁”，第二句是说“李华和张明年纪一样大”。‎ ‎2. How many people live in France? ‎ ‎_________ _________ the population of France?‎ ‎【答案】What is。第一句的意思是“法国有多少人?”第二句的意思是“法国的人口有多少?” ‎ ‎3. The runner fell behind the others though he did what he could. ‎ The runner _________ to keep up with the others though he _________ his _________.‎ ‎【答案】failed; tried; best。第一句意思是：虽然这名赛跑选手尽了全力，但还是落在了别人的后面。第二句的意思是：虽然这名赛跑选手尽了全力，但还是跟不上别人。‎ ‎4. Before talking, he told me his name and I told him my name . ‎ We _________ _________ _________ _________ before talking.‎ ‎【答案】told each other’s names。第一句意思是：谈话前，他告诉了我他的名字，我也告诉他我的名字。第二句的意思是：谈话前，我们相互告知了对方的名字。‎ ‎5. She has been away from Shanghai for over one year. ‎ More than one year has _________ since she _________ Shanghai.‎ ‎【答案】passed; left。第一句的意思是：她离开上海已经一年多了。第二句的意思是：自从她离开上海，一年多已经过去了。‎ ‎6. Walk along the street, then take the third crossing on the right. ‎ Walk down the street, then _________ _________ at the third crossing.‎ ‎【答案】turn right。两句都是告知他人去某地的路线的常用语，其句意都是：沿着这条街走，然后在第三个拐弯处右转。‎ 肯定句变否定句的技巧 ‎ ‎ 一、动词后直接加not。原句中含有be动词(am, is, are, was, were) 和助动词(have, has, had) 和情态动词(can, shall, will, may, should, would, might, had better等)时，要在动词后直接加not。如：‎ His mother has already called the police for help. (乌鲁木齐市中考题)‎ His mother ______ called the police for help ______. (答案：hasn’t, yet)‎ 二、原句中没有be动词，助动词或情态动词时，要在行为动词前加助动词(do, does, did)与否定副词not的缩写形式。另外，还需要将原句子中的some改为any； too改either；already改为yet。还需要分清do, have等是实义动词还是助动词。如(from zkenglish.com)：‎ The old man hurt his leg last Wednesday. (西宁市中考题)‎ The old man ______ ______ his leg last Wednesday. (答案：didn’t hurt)‎ 三、原句中含有every, everything, all, both等不定代词或both…and…, a lot of 等短语时，与否定副词not连用属部分否定。把这些不定代词变成neither, none, no one或把both…and…变成neither…nor…时，才是全部否定。如：‎ ‎ Both Joy and Sam like singing Beijing Opera. (新疆中考题)‎ ‎______ Joy ______ Sam likes singing Beijing Opera.(答案：Neither, nor)‎ 四、在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think时，如果要否定后面的宾语从句，习惯上否定主句的谓语动词。如：‎ ‎ I think she will come here soon. →I don’t think she will come here soon.‎ 如何将陈述句变为疑问句 ‎ ‎ 一、变为一般疑问句 将陈述句变成一般疑问句，要根据陈述句中的谓语动词及其时态确定疑问形式。其句型特点一般是：助动词或情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 动词 + 其他？如：‎ The policeman told the boys not to play football in the street. (甘肃省中考题) ‎ ‎______ the policeman ______ the boys not to play football in the street?‎ 答案：Did, tell 二、变为特殊疑问句 将陈述句变成特殊疑问句时，常用的方法是“一选，二移，三变，四代”。“一选”就是选择疑问词，被选择的疑问代词有：what, which, who, whose；疑问副词有：where, when, why, how；疑问副词词组有：how long, how often, how soon, how far, how many, how much, how old等。“二移”就是把be动词，助动词或情态动词移到句首。“三变”就是将原句中第一个单词的首字母改为小写(专有名词除外)，将some, something等改为any, anything等，将句号改为问号。四代就是将选好的特殊疑问词替代划线部分。如：(西宁市中考题)‎ At the age of three, David weighed 20 kilos. (就划线部分提问)‎ ‎________ did David weigh at the age of three?‎ 答案：How much 三、变为选择疑问句 将陈述句变成一般疑问句，在问号前加上“or + 所给的被选择部分”。如：(新疆中考题)‎ Most young men like popular music. (用 rock music 改为选择疑问句)‎ ‎______ most young men like popular music ______ rock music?‎ 答案：Do, or (from www.zkenglish.com)‎ 四、变为反意疑问句 陈述句变成反意疑问句时一定要遵循“前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定”的原则。历年中考常考的六种特殊的反意疑问句是①在英语口语中，I am后面的附加疑问部分常用aren’t I；②There be... 后面的附加疑问部分一般用be(not)there；③在Let us...后面，常用will you；④Let’s...后面，常用shall we；⑤had better后面，附加疑问部分的助动词用had；⑥当陈述部分是祈使句时，附加疑问部分通常用will you或won’t you。如：‎ Miss King hardly spoke a word the whole time. (广州市中考题)‎ Miss King hardly spoke a word the whole time, ______ ______? ‎ 答案：did she ‎ ‎ 句型变换·肯定句变成否定句 句型变换·陈述句变疑问句 ‎ ‎ ‎1. 变成一般疑问句 将陈述句变成一般疑问句，要根据陈述句中的谓语动词及其时态确定疑问形式。其句型特点一般是：助动词或情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 动词 + 其他？如：‎ The policeman told the boys not to play football in the street. (甘肃省中考题) ‎ ‎________ the policeman ________ the boys not to play football in the street?‎ 答案：Did, tell ‎ ‎ ‎2. 变成特殊疑问句 将陈述句变成特殊疑问句时，常用的方法是“一选，二移，三变，四代”。“一选”就是选择疑问词，被选择的疑问代词有：what, which, who, whose；疑问副词有：where, when, why, how；疑问副词词组有：how long, how often, how soon, how far, how many, how much, how old等。“二移”就是把be动词，助动词或情态动词移到句首。“三变”就是将原句中第一个单词的首字母改为小写(专有名词除外)，将some, something等改为any, anything等，将句号改为问号。四代就是将选好的特殊疑问词替代划线部分。如：(西宁市中考题)‎ At the age of three, David weighed 20 kilos. (就划线部分提问)‎ ‎________ did David weigh at the age of three?‎ 答案：How much ‎ ‎ ‎3. 变成选择疑问句 将陈述句变成一般疑问句，在问号前加上“or + 所给的被选择部分”。如：(新疆中考题)‎ Most young men like popular music. (用 rock music 改为选择疑问句)‎ ‎________ most young men like popular music ________ rock music?‎ 答案：Do, or ‎ ‎ ‎4. 变成反意疑问句 ‎ 陈述句变成反意疑问句时一定要遵循“前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定”的原则。历年中考常考的六种特殊的反意疑问句是①在英语口语中，I am后面的附加疑问部分常用aren’t I；②There be... 后面的附加疑问部分一般用be(not)there；③在Let us...后面，常用will you；④Let’s...后面，常用shall we；⑤had better后面，附加疑问部分的助动词用had；⑥当陈述部分是祈使句时，附加疑问部分通常用will you或won’t you。如：(from www.zkenglish.com)‎ Miss King hardly spoke a word the whole time. (广州市中考题)‎ Miss King hardly spoke a word the whole time, ________ ________? ‎ 答案：did she 复合句与简单句的转换技巧 ‎ ‎ 一、含宾语从句的复合句转换为简单句 即将宾语从句转换成相应的短语。如：‎ We expected that you would come. 我们希望你来。‎ ‎→We expected you to come. 我们希望你来。‎ Now tell me what I should do. 现在告诉我该怎么办。‎ ‎→Now tell me what to do. 现在告诉我该怎么办。‎ I remember I once met her at a party. 我记得在一次晚会上见过他。‎ ‎→I remember once meeting her at a party. 我记得在一次晚会上见过他。‎ I ask him what I shall do. 我问他该怎么办。‎ ‎→I ask him what to do. 我问他该怎么办。‎ I can’t decide whom I should invite. 我不能决定该邀请谁。‎ ‎→I can’t decide whom to invite. 我不能决定该邀请谁。‎ ‎ ‎ 二、含状语从句的复合句转换成简单句 即将状语从句转换成状语短语。如：‎ He can’t come because he is ill. 他因病不能来。‎ ‎→He can’t come because of his illness. 他因病不能来。‎ Turn off the light before you leave. 离开前请关灯。‎ ‎→Turn off the light before leaving. 离开前请关灯。‎ He went home after he finished his work. 他做完工作后就回家了。‎ ‎→He went home after finishing his work. 他做完工作后就回家了。‎ He was so angry that he couldn’t speak. 他气得话都说不出来。‎ ‎→He was too angry too speak. 他气得话都说不出来。‎ He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习以便能考及格。‎ ‎→He studied hard in order to pass the exam. 他努力学习以便能考及格。‎ 肯定句变否定句的基本方法 ‎ ‎ ‎1. 动词be的否定式 动词be根据不同的人称和时态可以有am, is, are, was, were等不同形式，可用作连系动词(表示“是”、“在”等)和助动词(用于构成进行时态和被动语态等)，但不管何种情况，构成否定式时，一律在其后加not：‎ I’m old, but you’re young. 我老了，但你还年轻。‎ ‎→I’m not old, but you’re not young. 我还不老，但你不年轻了。‎ He was reading and I was writing. 他在读，我在写。‎ ‎→He was not reading and I was not writing. 他没有在读，我没有在写。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. 动词have的否定式 动词have根据不同的人称和时态可以有have, has, had等形式，可以用作实意动词和助动词，分以下情况讨论：‎ ‎1. 用作实意动词表示状态，如表示拥有、患病或用于have to表示“必须”等，在构成否定式时可以直接在其后加not，也可根据情况在其前使用don’t, doesn’t, didn’t：‎ He has a car. 他有辆小汽车。‎ ‎→He hasn’t a car. / He doesn’t have a car. 他没有小汽车。‎ He had some dictionaries. 他有一些词典。‎ ‎→He hadn’t any dictionaries. / He didn’t have any dictionaries. 他没有词典。‎ You have to go with him. 你必须同他一起去。‎ ‎→You haven’t to go with him. / You don’t have to go with him. 你不必同他一起去。‎ ‎【注】have to构成否定式时以在其前加don’t等较为常见。‎ ‎2. 用作实意动词表示动作，如表示“吃(=eat)”、“喝(=drink)”、“拿(=take)”、“收到(=receive)”、“度过(=spend)”等，构成否定式时不能直接在其后加not，而应根据情况在其前使用don’t, doesn’t, didn’t：‎ He had some cake for breakfast. 他早餐吃了些蛋糕。‎ ‎→He didn’t have any cake for breakfast. 他早餐没有吃蛋糕。(不能用had not)‎ We had a good holiday. 我们的假期过得很愉快。‎ ‎→We didn’t have a good holiday. 我们的假期过得不愉快。(不能用had not)‎ ‎3. 用作助动词构成完成时态，其否定式只能在其后加not：‎ I have read the book. 我读这本书。‎ ‎→I have not read the book. 我还没读这本书。‎ He had left when I arrived. 我到达时他已离开了。‎ ‎→He hadn’t left when I arrived. 我到达时他还没有离开。‎ 三、情态动词的否定式 情态动词的否定式一般在其后加not构成：‎ I can finish the work in an hour. 我能在1小时内完成这工作。‎ ‎→I can’t finish the work in an hour. 我不能在1小时内完成这工作。‎ You must go with us. 你必须同我们一起去。‎ ‎→You mustn’t go with us. 你不能同我们一起去。‎ We should help them. 我们应该帮助他们。‎ ‎→We shouldn’t help them. 我们不必帮助他们。‎ ‎ ‎ 四、实意动词的否定式 一般实意动词的否定式，通常应根据不同时态和人称在实意动词之前加don’t, doesn’t, didn’t等：‎ He works in a bank. 他在一家银行工作。‎ ‎→He doesn’t work in a bank. 他不是在银行工作。‎ We often hear from her. 我们经常收到她的来信。‎ ‎→We don’t often hear from her. 我们不经常收到她的来信。‎ I met her at the station. 我在车站见到了她。‎ ‎→I didn’t meet her at the station. 我在车站没见到她。‎ 肯定句变否定句的三点注意 ‎ ‎ 一、变否定句时相关词的改变 肯定句变否定句时，除将谓语变为否定式外，句中其他词语也可能随之改变，如将some改为any，too和also改为either，already改为yet，and改为or等：‎ There are some birds in the tree. 树上有些鸟。‎ ‎→There aren’t any birds in the tree. 树上没有鸟。‎ He likes the girl, too. 他也喜欢这个女孩。‎ ‎→He doesn’t like the girl, either. 他也不喜欢这个女孩。‎ We have already seen the film. 我们已看过这部电影。‎ ‎→We have not seen the film yet. 我们没有看这部电影。‎ He likes singing and dancing. 他喜欢唱歌和跳舞。‎ ‎→He doesn’t like singing or dancing. 他不喜欢唱歌也不喜欢跳舞。‎ ‎ ‎ 二、不变谓语动词而变其他词语 有时将肯定句变为否定句时，不改变谓语而改变其他词语：‎ Both of us went there. 我们两人都去了那儿。‎ ‎→Neither of us went there. 我们两人都没去那儿。‎ Both Jim and Mary can sing this song. 吉姆和玛丽都会唱这首歌。‎ ‎→Neither Jim nor Mary can sing this song. 吉姆和玛丽都不会唱这首歌。‎ All of the books are worth reading. 所有这些书都值得读。‎ ‎→None of the books are worth reading. 所有这些书都不值得读。‎ ‎ ‎ 三、部分否定与完全否定 比较以下句子：‎ All of us laughed when we heard it. 听到这事时我们都笑了。(肯定句)‎ All of us didn’t laughed when we heard it. 听到这事时我们并未都笑。(部分否定)‎ Not all of us laughed when we heard it. 听到这事时我们并未都笑。(部分否定)‎ None of us laughed when we heard it. 听到这事时我们都没笑。(完全否定)‎ ‎【注】可能涉及部分否定的词语有both, all, always, every等，即not both表示“并非两者都”，not all 表示“并非所有的都”，not always 表示“并非总是”，not every表示“并非每个…都”。 ‎ ‎ ‎ 英语常用否定词归纳 ‎ ‎ 除否定词not可用于构成否定句外，还有其他一些否定词语可以表示否定：‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1. 用no表示。其意为“没有”：‎ We have no children of our own. 我们没有自己的孩子。‎ I’ve got no news from him. 我没听到他的消息。‎ ‎【注】no后接名词时也可换成not any：‎ I have no [not any] friends here. 我在这儿没有朋友。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. 用never表示。其意为“从不”：‎ I have never been there. 我从未去过那儿。‎ That will never do. 那决不行。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3. 用little, few表示。little用于指不可数名词，few用于指可数名词，均表示“很少”：‎ There is little time left. 没什么时间了。‎ Few people like snakes. 很少有人喜欢蛇。‎ ‎【注】若在其前用不定冠词，则表示肯定意义：‎ There is a little time left. 还有点点时间。‎ A few people like snakes. 有少数人喜欢蛇。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4. 用nobody, no one, nothing表示。nobody和no one用于指人，其意为“没有人”；nothing用于指物，其意为“没有任何东西”：‎ No one [Nobody] wants to go there. 没有人想去那儿。‎ She said nothing. 她什么也没说。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5. 用none表示。意为“没有人或物”：‎ None of the pupils knew the answer. 学生中谁都不知道答案。‎ None of this milk can be used. 这牛奶一点都不能用了。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6. 用neither表示。意为“两者都不”：‎ I like neither of the books. 这两本书我都不喜欢。‎ Neither of us enjoy getting up early. 我们俩谁也不喜欢早起。‎ ‎7. 用seldom表示。意为“很少”：‎ The children are seldom ill. 这些孩子很少生病。‎ It seldom snows here. 这儿很少下雪。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎8. 用hardly表示。意为“几乎不”：‎ He hardly ever eats meat. 他几乎从不吃肉。‎ Jim is hardly ever late. 吉姆几乎从不迟到。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎9. 用too…to表示。该结构虽不含否定词，但含有否定含义，意为“太…以致不能…”：‎ It is too late to do anything now. 现在要做什么已为时太晚。‎ I’m too tired to go any farther. 我太累了，走不动了。‎ 中考英语冲刺复习：易错题汇编及分析 一、名词、冠词 　　1.– What can I do for you? 　　-- I’d like two _______. 　　A. box of appleB. boxes of applesC. box of applesD. boxes of apple 　　答案: B. (选择其它三项的同学要注意仔细看题.不要马虎, 这里box 和apple都是可数名词) 　　2.Help yourself to _________. 　　A. some chickensB. a chickenC. some chickenD. any chicken 　　答案: C (选择A的同学要注意chicken当鸡肉讲时不可数) 　　3..________ it is today! 　　A. What fine weatherB. What a fine weatherC. How a fine weatherD. How fine a weather 　　答案: A. (选择B的同学要注意weather不可数. 选择C和D的同学要注意weather是名词, 要用what来感叹.) 　　4.Which is the way to the __________? 　　A. shoe factoryB. shoes factoryC. shoe’s factoryD. shoes’ factory 　　答案: A. (选择D的同学注意这里不是指名词所有格, 而是名词作形容词的用法.类似的用法如: pencil box; school bag等.) 　　5.This class ________ now. Miss Gao teaches them. 　　A. are studyingB. is studyingC. be studyingD. studying 　　答案: A. (选择B的同学要注意, 当这种概念名词当 “人”讲的时候要做复数处理.类似的还有: the police are running after the thief等) 　　6.We will have a _________ holiday after the exam. ‎ ‎ 　　A. two monthB. two-monthC. two month’sD. two-months 　　答案: B (选择C的同学要注意应用two months’; 选择D的同学要注意名词之间有 “— “ 后的组合词当作形容词来用, 因此就不用所有格形式了.) 　　7.________ trees are cut down in the forests every year. 　　A. ThousandB. ThousandsC. Thousand ofD. Thousands of 　　答案: D. (选择C的同学注意词组记忆的准确性) 　　8.Our sports meeting will be held ________. 　　A. on 24, Tuesday, April B. in April 24, TuesdayC. on Tuesday, April 24D. in April Tuesday 24 　　答案: C. (选B的同学是受到中文的影响,要特别注意中英文的差异) 　　9_________ people here are very friendly to us. 　　A. The B. / C. A D. An 　　答案: A. (选择B的同学要注意这里的people是特指这里的, 因此要用定冠词the) 　　10..There is no enough ________ in the corner to put the table. 　　A. placeB. roomC. floorD. ground 　　答案：B (根据句意知道，这里表示没有地方放桌子。选A的同学要注意place表示地点，是可数名词) 二、代词 　　11.Some people like to stay at home, but ________ like to go to the cinema. 　　A. anotherB. otherC. othersD. other one 　　答案: C. (选择B的同学要牢记: some…., others….) 　　12.-- Is this your shoe? 　　-- Yes, but where is _________?‎ ‎ 　　A. the other oneB. other oneC. another oneD. the others 　　答案: A. (选择C的同学要注意鞋是两只, another指的是三者或者三者以上) 　　13.– When shall we meet again next week? 　　-- _______ day is possible. It’s no problem with me. 　　A. EitherB. NeitherC. EveryD. Any 　　答案: D. (选择C的同学要注意every指的是每一天都见面, any指的是任何一天都可以.注意中文的干扰) 　　14.Have you ever seen ________ big panda before? 　　A. a suchB. such aC. so aD. a so 　　答案: B (选择A的同学要注意词组记忆的准确性) 　　15.-- _______ do you write to your parents? 　　-- Once a month. 　　A. How longB. How soonC. How oftenD. How far ‎ 答案: C. ( 选择A的同学要注意中文的干扰. 由回答知道这里指的是写信的频率, 用how often表示.) 　　16.Robert has gone to _________ city and he’ll be back in a week. 　　A. otherB. the otherC. anotherD. any other 　　答案：C　(选择其它三项的同学要注意，这里没有说只有两座城市，因此不能用.) 　　17.– A latest magazine, please. 　　-- Only one left. Would you like to have ________? 　　A. itB. oneC. thisD. that 　　答案：A　(选择B的同学要注意这里指的是上一句中提到的那本杂志，不能用表示泛指的不定代词one ‎ ‎) 　　18.– Which book would you like to borrow? 　　-- ________ of the two books is OK with me. 　　A. EitherB. BothC. AnyD. None 　　答案：A　(选择B的同学要注意is 表示单数.) 　　19.He knows _________ English ________ French. But he’s very good at Japanese. 　　A. either; orB. both; andC. neither; norD. either; nor 　　答案：C　(选择A和B的同学要注意语境.) 　　20.– What do your parents do? 　　-- One is a teacher; _________ is a driver. 　　A. otherB. anotherC. the otherD. that one 　　答案: C (选择其它三个选项的同学要注意, one is …, the other is …的用法) 　　21.Mrs. Lee teaches ________ math. We all like her. 　　A. weB. usC. ourD. ours 　　答案: B (选择C的同学要注意, teach +人+科目, 而不能用teach +某人的+ 科目) 　　22.There are many trees on ________ side of the street. 　　A. eitherB. anyC. allD. both 　　答案：A (选择D的同学要注意side为单数。选择B的同学要注意：街道只有两边，因此不能用any) 　　23.________ is the population of the city? 　　A. How many B. What C. How many peopleD. How much ‎ 　　答案：B (在问到人口是多少时，其实是在说“人口数是什么”，因此不能用A，要注意排除中文的干扰。) 三、介词、连词 　　24.Japan is ________ the east of China. 　　A. inB. toC. onD. at 　　答案: B ( in 表示在范围里的, on表示紧挨着的; to 表示在范围以外的) 　　25.The postman shouted, “ Mr Green, here is a letter ________ you.” 　　A. to B. fromC. forD. of 　　答案: C ( 选择A的同学要注意to 表示动作的方向, for表示有从属关系或者利益关系) 　　26.We can’t do it ________ your help. 　　A. withB. ofC. underD. without 　　答案: D. (选择C的同学要注意中文的干扰, 借助某人的帮助要用with,反之用without) 　　27.He hasn’t heard from his friend __________ last month. 　　A. sinceB. by the end ofC. forD. until 　　答案: A (选择B的同学要注意B选项为过去完成时的时间;选择C的同学要注意, for+时间段; 选择D的同学要注意不是not…until 句型.until + 句子) 　　28.I didn’t buy the dictionary yesterday _________ my aunt would give me one. 　　A. untilB. becauseC. ifD. before 　　答案: B (选择A的同学要注意语境)‎ ‎ 　　29.I’m going to look for another job ________ the company offers me more money. 　　A. afterB. unlessC. whenD. for 　　答案: B ( 选择其它三项的同学要注意语境, 这里是指除非公司给我更多工资,否则我就要找其它工作.) 　　30.Don’t hurry. The bus won’t start ________ everybody gets on. 　　A. sinceB. asC. untilD. when 　　答案: C (选择D的同学要注意前面是否定.) 　　31.Please show me _________ to send an e-mail, John. It’s the first time for me to do it. ‎ A. howB. whatC. whenD. where 　　答案：A　(选择C的同学要注意认真看题，这里的time不是时间，而是指第一次) 　　32.You’ve passed the exam. I’m happy ______ you. 　　A. onB. atC. inD.‎ for 　　答案：D　(选择A的同学要注意记忆词组的准确性.) 　　33.I wonder ________ they finished so many different jobs in such a short time. 　　A. whyB. howC. whenD. where 　　答案：B　(选择A的同学要注意语境，这里指他们怎么能在如此短的时间里完成如此多的困难的工作.) 　　34.-- Do you speak English? 　　-- Yes, I speak _________ a little English _______ some French. 　　A. neither, notB. both, orC. either, orD. not only, but also ‎ 　　答案：D　(选择C的同学要注意语境.) 　　35.______ the maths problem is difficult, I’ll try very hard to work it out. 　　A. ThoughB. WhenC. BeforeD. After 　　答案：A　(选择B的同学要注意语境.不能说当题目难的时候，我将努力.而是说尽管题目难，但我将努力解决.) 　　36.The accident took place ________ a cold February evening. 　　A. onB. inC. atD. for 　　答案：A　(选择B的同学要注意，在特指的早上、下午、晚上，不用in要用on) 　　37.He turned ________ the radio because his father was asleep. 　　A. onB. downC. upD. over 　　答案：B　(根据语境：他爸爸睡着了，因此不能用A-打开，也不能用C-调大.D表示反过来) 　　38.I don’t know the homework _______ today. 　　A. onB. inC. ofD. for 　　答案：D　(选择C的同学要注意of表示从属关系，要注意中文的干扰.) 　　39.– Oh, it’s raining heavily. 　　-- Please don’t leave ________ it stops. 　　A. whenB. afterC. sinceD. until 　　答案: D (选择其它选项的同学要注意读懂句子, 只有把语境搞清楚才能答对问题.) 　　40.Jane said she would come here ________ 9:00 and 9:30 tomorrow morning. 　　A. fromB. atC. betweenD. around 　　答案: C (选择B的同学没有把体看完整; 选择A的同学没有注意到from…to…的搭配.) 　四、动词 ‎ 　　41.My father went to Shanghai yesterday. He ______ back in two weeks. 　　A. comesB. has comeC. will comeD. came 　　答案: C ( 选择D的同学要注意in +时间段, 表示在未来的一段时间,应用将来时) 　　42..It’s spring now. The students ________ trees these weeks. 　　A. plantB. are plantingC. will plantD. planted 　　答案: B (选择A的同学要注意 these weeks 并不表示经常做某事,而是强调这几个星期同学们一直在种树.) 　　43..-- __________ you ________ your book to the library? 　　-- Yes. I returned it yesterday. 　　A. Did, returnB. Have, returnedC. Will, returnD. Do, return 　　答案: B ( 选择A的同学过分注意回答用了一般过去时, 但在上一句中, 并没有给出过去的时间,强调你现在是否还书了, 应用现在完成时.) 　　44.– Must I finish it now? 　　-- No, you ________. 　　A. mustn’tB. needn’tC. can’tD. shouldn’t 　　答案: B (选择A的同学要注意mustn’t意思指不允许, needn’t指的是不必要.) 　　45..Though it’s cloudy now, it _________ get sunny later. 　　A. can B. mayC. mustD. need 　　答案: B ( 选C的同学要注意语境, 这里强调过些时候也许会晴天, 表示推测性.) 　　46.It is in the library, you _______ talk loudly. 　　A. may notB. can’tC. needn’tD. mustn’t 　　答案: D ( 选择B的同学要注意中文的干扰.can’t表示不能够。)‎ ‎47..If anyone wants to say something in class, you ________ put up your hands first.‎ ‎ 　　A. mustB. mayC. shouldD. can 　　答案: A ( 选其他三个选项的同学要注意语境，anyone暗示出语气。表明是一个规定，而不是建议。) 　　48.– I called you last night but no one answered the phone. 　　-- I ________ dinner with my friends in the restaurant. 　　A. haveB. hadC. was havingD. have had 　　答案：C　(选择B和D的同学要注意分析语境.这里指我当时正在和朋友在饭馆吃饭.) 　　49..If you have lost a library book, you have to _________ it. 　　A. find outB. look afterC. pay forD. take care 　　答案：C　(选择A的同学要注意语境) 　　50..He will call me as soon as he _________ the city. 　　A. reachesB. reachedC. will reachD. is reaching 　　答案：A　(选择B的同学要注意主将从先) 　　51.The pen _________ him ten yuan. 　　A. paidB. costC. tookD. spent 　　答案：B　(选择C的同学要注意took通常用在时间上；选择A和D的同学要注意，这里的主语是物品，因此不能用paid 和spent) 　　52..The train _________ for twenty minutes. 　　A. leftB. has leftC. is leavingD. has been away 　　答案：D　(选择B的同学要注意，当用完成时表示持续动作时，要选择可持续动词，不要用瞬间动词.) 　　53..– How many books _____ they ________? 　　-- Five. But they haven’t finished reading even one. 　　A. did…borrowB. had…borrowedC. will…borrowD. do…borrow ‎ 　　答案：A　(选择B的同学要注意，这里只是问过去发生的一件事，并不是过去时间之前发生的.) 　　54.He _________ his bike so he has to walk there. 　　A. lostB. has lostC. had lostD. loses 　　答案：B　(选择A的同学注意句子并没出现两个时间点，因此要注意时态的前后一致.) 　　55.– Why did the policeman stop us? 　　-- He told us not _______ so fast in this street. 　　A. driveB. drivingC. to driveD. drove 　　答案：C (这里考查的是tell sb. not to do sth.) 五、形容词、副词 　　56.The population of the world in 20th century became very much _________ than that in 19th. 　　A. bigger B. larger C. greater D. more 　　答案: B.(选择其它三项的同学要注意population的固定搭配是large) 　　57.Miss Li is one of _______ in our school. 　　A. a popular teacherB. more popular teacherC. most popular teacherD. the most popular teachers 　　答案:D.(选择其它三项的同学要注意one of + 复数的用法.) 　　58.The magazines are ________ easy that the children can read them well. 　　A. suchB. soC. tooD. very 　　答案: B (选择A的同学要注意easy是形容词，要用so…that, 而不用such…that) 　　59.– Would you like ________ more tea? 　　-- Thank you. I’ve had ________.‎ ‎ 　　A. any, muchB. some, enoughC. some, muchD. any, enough 　　答案：C　(选择B的同学要注意enough是形容词，　不能说had enough) 　　60.I think basketball is _______. I like to watch it. 　　A. boringB. boredC. excitingD. excited 　　答案：C　(选择D的同学要注意basketball本身很令人激动，excited表示被什么所感染而激动。) 　　61.This dinner looks _______ to me, and I like it. 　　A. terribleB. goodC. badlyD. nicely 　　答案：B　(选择D的同学要注意look在这里是系动词，后面要加形容词。) 62.The math problem is so hard that ________ students can work it out. 　　A. a fewB. a littleC. manyD. few 　　答案：D　(选择A、C的同学要注意语境，这里指没有什么学生能做出来。) 　　63.– What’s the weather like tomorrow? 　　-- The radio says it is going to be even ______. 　　A. badB. worstC. badlyD. worse 　　答案：D　(选择A的同学要注意，even＋比较级) 　　64.Though she talks ______, she has made ________ friends here. 　　A. a little, a fewB. little, fewC. little, a fewD. few, a few 　　答案：C　(选择A的同学要注意语境，这里指虽然她不怎么说话，但她有一些朋友.) 　　65.He never does his work _______ Mary. 　　A. as careful asB. so careful asC. as carefully asD. carefully as 　　答案：C　(选择A和B的同学要注意work 是行为动词，要用副词来修饰.) 　　六、句法 　　66..If it ________ tomorrow we’ll go to the park.‎ ‎ 　　A. will not rainB. doesn’t rainC. is not rainingD. didn’t rain 　　答案: B (选择A的同学要注意if引导的条件状语从句主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时.) 　　67.The radio says the snow ______ late in the day. 　　A. stopsB. will stopC. has stoppedD. stopped 　　答案: B. (选择A的同学要注意语境, late in the day表示 “晚些时候”, 要用将来时) 　　68.The nurse told the children the sun ______ in the east. 　　A. risesB. roseC. will riseD. has risen 　　答案: A ( 选择B的同学要注意, 虽然主句中用了told, 但太阳从东方升起是真理性事实, 应用一般现在时表示.) 　　69.– Are you sure you have to? It’s been very late. 　　-- I don’t know ______ I can do it if not now. 　　A. whereB. whyC. whenD. how 　　答案: C ( 选择D的同学要注意语境, 根据语境知道这里强调的是必须先在做,否则就没有时间了) 　　70.- Could you tell me _______ she is looking for? 　　-- Her cousin, Susan. 　　A. thatB. whoseC. whomD. which 　　答案: C (选择其它三项的同学要注意语境,这里是指找Susan这个人) 　　71.– When are the Shutes leaving for New York? 　　-- Pardon? 　　-- I asked ___________. 　　A.when are the Shutes leaving for New York ‎ 　　B.when the Shutes are leaving for New York 　　C.when were the Shutes leaving for New York 　　D.when the Shutes were leaving for New York 　　答案: D ( 选择B的同学注意到了宾语从句的语序,但同时要注意时态要用相应的过去时.) 　　72.Would you please tell me ________ next, Mr Wang? 　　A. what should we doB. we should do whatC. what we should doD. should do what 　　答案: C ( 选择A的同学要注意宾语从句的语序为陈述语序.) 　　73.Mr. King didn’t know _______ yesterday evening. 　　A. when does his son come backB. when his son comes back 　　C. when did his son come homeD. when his son came home 　　答案: D ( 选择C的同学要注意考虑宾语从句的陈述语序) 　　74.Alice has gone to the classroom and she didn’t say ________. 　　A. when did she come backC. when would she be back 　　C. when she came backD. when she would be back 　　答案：D　(选择C的同学要注意语境，这里要用过去将来时.) 　　75..– I’m sorry I broke your coffee cup. 　　-- Oh, really? _________. 　　A. It doesn’t matterB. I don’t knowC. it’s OK with meD. You’re welcome 　　答案：A　(选择C和D的同学要注意中文的干扰.D是用来回答别人的致谢的.) 　　76.– Would you mind calling me back tomorrow again? 　　-- _________. 　　A. Not at allB. You’re welcomeC. You’re rightD. Nice to meet you ‎ 　　答案：A　(同62题) 　　77.He hardly had anything to eat, ________ he? 　　A. didn’t B. hadn’t C. had D. did 　　答案：D　(选择A的同学要注意hardly表示否定；选择B和C的同学要注意，反意疑问句要用助动词.) 我的错题,希望对初三的有用 　59.– Would you like ________ more tea? 　　-- Thank you. I’ve had ________. 　　A. any, muchB. some, enoughC. some, muchD. any, enough 　　答案：C　(选择B的同学要注意enough是形容词，　不能说had enough) be good for sb to do sth对某人来说做某事是好的。强调to do sth.  be good of sb to do sth 某人做某事是好的。强调sb.  it is good for you to help me.动作好。  it is good fo you to help me.人好。 　74.Alice has gone to the classroom and she didn’t say ________. 　　A. when did she come backC. when would she be back 　　C. when she came backD. when she would be back 　　答案：D　(选择C的同学要注意语境，这里要用过去将来时.) 　16.Robert has gone to _________ city and he’ll be back in a week. 　　A. otherB. the otherC. anotherD. any other 　　答案：C　(选择其它三项的同学要注意，这里没有说只有两座城市，因此不能用.)‎