2019年二轮复习专题语法填空中动词的三个考点分析及运用（23页word版）

2019年二轮复习专题语法填空中动词的三个考点分析及运用（23页word版）

‎2019年二轮复习专题语法填空中动词的三个考点分析及运用 教材版本 课时说明（建议）‎ ‎2课时 知识点 1、 了解动词、名词、形容词、副词的考查方向；‎ ‎2、掌握谓语动词，非谓语动词，形容词或副词和词类转化在语篇型语法填空的运用 复习目标 知识目标：了解新题型语法填空的命题特点、解题方法及技巧。‎ 能力目标：熟练掌握常考的语法点，正确运用八条解题思路及备考策略。‎ 情感目标：揭开语法填空的神秘面纱，使学生树立信心，从容应对。‎ 复习重点 语法填空的解题方法及技巧。‎ 复习难点 动词（时态、语态、非谓语动词）的把握，各种从句连词的选择。‎ 一、高考回顾 ‎（2018，全国卷1）阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years __61__(long) than non-runners, You don't have to run fast or for long _62__(see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _63__(die) early by running.‎ ‎ While running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it _64___(be)more effective at lengthening life _65__ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014__66___showed a mere five to 10 minute a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all __67___（cause）.‎ The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise...it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ___68__(strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always_69___(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give____70_ a try.‎ ‎【答案】‎ 1. Longer2.to see3.dying4.is5.than6.that/which7.causes8.strengthen9.energetic10. it/running ‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎1.句意：根据一份医学杂志中的证据报告，跑步者比非跑步者的寿命要长3年。根据题干中的than可知设空处需用副词比较级形式，故填longer。‎ ‎2.句意：你不必为了弄清跑步带来的好处而跑的很快、很久。本题考查非谓语动词。由句意可知，此处在句中作目的状语，主语you与动词see为主动关系，故填不定式的主动式to see。‎ ‎3.句意：你可能饮酒、吸烟、超重，但你仍然可以通过跑步降低过早死亡的危险。本题考查非谓语动词。介词(of)后需用动名词形式作宾语，根据提示词die可知设空处填dying。‎ ‎4.句意：虽然经常跑步不可能使你长生不老，但报告上说与走路、骑自行车或游泳相比，跑步对延长寿命更有效。本题考查主谓一致和时态。设空处所在从句被用来介绍一种理论，需用一般现在时；再根据主语it及提示词be可知设空处填is。‎ ‎5.本题考查介词。根据题干中的 “ more effective” 可知设空处需填介词than，意为“比”。‎ ‎6.句意：该报告的其中两名作者在2014年还发表了一项研究，这项研究表明每天只跑步5至10分钟便可以降低患心脏病或由于各种原因导致过早死亡的危险。本题考查定语从句。先行词为study，指“物”；将先行词代入定语从句后为：The study showed a mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and...由此可见关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。‎ ‎7.本题考查名词的“数”。Cause作“原因”讲，为可数名词；根据设空处前的all可知设空处填名词复数形式，故填causes。‎ ‎8.句意：为了避免膝盖疼痛，你可以在柔软的地面上跑步、锻炼以增强你的腿部肌肉......。设空处作目的状语，需用不定式形式，故在不定式符号to后填动词原形strengthen。‎ ‎9.设空处作表语，表示主语的特征，故填形容词energetic。‎ ‎10. 句意：如果你时间不充裕，你只需要花费其他运动一半的时间去跑步便可获得同样的收益，因此或许我们都应该试一试跑步。设空处作give的宾语，需填名词或代词，因此用it代替上文中的running 或直接填running作宾语。‎ 二、知识清单 三、例题精讲 例1 （2018，全国卷2）‎ 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.‎ A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water ___65___ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.‎ According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___ (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎61. has grown 62. the 63. actually 64. to improve 65. than ‎ ‎66. pollution 67. global 68. started 69. that/which 70. feeding ‎【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名认识的认可。‎ ‎61．考查时态。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown.‎ ‎62.考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。‎ ‎63. 考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。‎ ‎64. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。‎ ‎65. 考查连词。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词less可知，填比较连词。故填than。‎ ‎66. 考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。‎ ‎67. 考查词性转换。句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。‎ ‎68. 考查谓语动词。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。‎ ‎69.‎ ‎ 考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。‎ ‎70. 考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了China is，省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、，让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。‎ ‎【易错点】‎ 现就难度较大的其中2个小题做个分析：‎ ‎1. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program.‎ 填started。该题考查动词时态的用法。解答该题的关键是一定要了解破折后面是个完整的句子。有些考生没有理解本句的句子结构，以为用非谓语动词。所以在填写括号内单词的正确形式时，要认真研读句法结构和意思，确定用正确的形式，同时，平时学习时一定要动词过去时的用法和结构。‎ ‎2. China's approach to protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.‎ 填feeding。该题考查非谓语动词的用法。解答该题的关键是一定要理清句子的结构。本句的主句为China's approach to protecting its environment offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.这个句子被while引导的非谓语动词短语所分隔开，因为句式结构比较难，所以很多学生不了解，很容易写成谓语动词feeds。解答本题的关键是一定要分清谓语动词和非谓语动词的用法。‎ 例2（2018，全国卷3）‎ 阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词。‎ I'm not sure __1__ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at __2__top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the___3___(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid __4___(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't ‎ feel__5___(challenge).‎ My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___6___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching ___7___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.‎ When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ____8____(they) alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____9____(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ____10____ (stay)and watch.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. which2. the3. loudest4. looking5. challenged6. scientist7. for 8. them9. meant10. to stay ‎【解析】‎ 本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在中非偶遇大猩猩，彼此惊恐的经历。‎ 1. 考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定哪一个更害怕，我，还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示选择，所以用which表示“哪一个”。‎ 2. 考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of ，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。‎ 3. 考查最高级。根据后面的of all可知，他声音最大，所以用最高级loudest。‎ ‎4. 考查动词。动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。‎ ‎5. 考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。‎ ‎6. 考查名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。‎ ‎7. 考查动词短语搭配。search for 是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。‎ ‎8. 考查代词。此处做find的宾语，所以用宾格them。‎ ‎9. 考查谓语动词。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。‎ ‎10.考查非谓语动词。固定短语allow sb to do允许某人做某事，应该用to stay。‎ ‎【易错点】‎ 现就难度较大的其中1个小题做个分析：‎ so he doesn't feel__5___(challenge).‎ 填challenged ‎。该题考查非谓语做表语的用法。解答该题的关键是一定要弄清楚feel的用法。Feel在此地是做系动词的，再加上challenge和he之间是被动关系，所以用challenged。‎ 四、思维点拨 Tip 1 有提示词 ‎1．提示词是动词 首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，然后按照以下两点进行思考：‎ ‎(1) 若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但所填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词在句子中作谓语，就要考虑时态和语态。有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词或否定含义。‎ ‎【例1】(2016·新课标Ⅰ) I ______(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre.‎ ‎【解析】was allowed 由语境可知作者被允许接近这些动物。故用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎【例2】(2015·新课标Ⅰ) It was raining lightly when I ______(arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care.‎ ‎【解析】arrived　句意：黄昏前到达阳朔时正下着小雨，但是我不在意。由后句 “But I didn't care.” 可知本句是叙述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。‎ ‎(2) 若句中已有谓语动词，且所给动词也不是作并列谓语时，要填的词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是动名词，不定式还是分词（现在分词和过去分词）。确定的方法主要有：作主语或宾语，通常用动名词形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况；作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式；作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词(v.ing)，若是被动关系，用过去分词(v.ed)。‎ ‎【例1】 (2016·新课标Ⅰ) My ambassadorial duties will include ______(introduce)British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.‎ ‎【解析】　introducing　include为及物动词，后面应用动名词形式作宾语。‎ ‎【例2】 (2015·新课标Ⅰ) A study of travelers ______(conduct)by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.‎ ‎【解析】conducted　句意：由旅行顾问网站进行的对旅游者的研究将阳朔命名为世界上前十位的旅游目的地之一。分析句子成分可知，本句谓语动词为names，所以空格处应为非谓语动词形式。因为study和conduct之间是被动关系，所以使用过去分词作定语。‎ ‎【例3】 (2014·新课标Ⅰ) It took years of work ______(reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water.‎ ‎【解析】to reduce　根据句型it takes some time to do sth.可知此处需要用不定式。‎ ‎(3) 若是考查词性转换（详情请参照5. 词性转换）。‎ ‎2．提示词是形容词或副词 如果括号内提供的是形容词或副词，一种情况是考查词性转换（详情请参照5. 词性转换），如形容词与副词之间的转换、形容词或副词与名词、动词等之间的转换；另一种情况是考查比较等级，一般有表示范围的介词短语in/of...、定语从句或空格前有the时，要用最高级；than的前面一定要用比较级。‎ ‎【例1】(2016·新课标Ⅱ) If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别)those of ______(great)and less importance.‎ ‎【解析】greater　句意：如果你因为工作责任而感到有压力的话，那么你应该暂缓一下，识别哪些事情更重要，哪些不太重要。由and连接两个并列成分可知，great应与less并列，故用比较级greater。‎ ‎【例2】(2014·新课标Ⅰ) Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is______ (clean) than ever.‎ ‎【解析】cleaner　句意：最后人们的努力得到了回报，现在这条河里的水比以前更干净了。空格后面有than，说明此处表示比较，故应该使用形容词的比较级形式。‎ ‎3．提示词是名词 如果给出的提示词是名词，一种情况是考查词形变化，词性不变，如变成名词复数形式、名词所有格等；另一种情况是考查名词与其他词类的转化（详情请参照5. 词性转换），如转化成形容词。‎ ‎【例1】(2016·新课标Ⅰ) The nursery team switches him every few ______ (day)with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, the other is with mum—she never suspects.‎ ‎【解析】days　根据few判断，后面应接可数名词复数，此处every few days“每隔几天”。‎ ‎【例2】(2015·新课标Ⅰ) I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the ‎ limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese ____(painting).‎ ‎【解析】paintings　所填词被many修饰，所以这里使用名词的复数paintings。‎ ‎【例3】(2014·新课标Ⅰ) While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _______ (change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.‎ ‎【解析】　changes　根据分析句子结构可知，此处需填句子主语。由后面的谓语动词are可知主语应该是一个复数形式的名词，所以使用changes。‎ ‎4．提示词是代词 在简单句或并列复合句中，如果空格处所填的词是句子的主语、宾语、定语等成分，而且与前面曾经提到的人或物有指代关系，则要考虑人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词等。在简单句和并列句中，若句子缺少主语或宾语，一定是填代词。‎ ‎【例1】(2016·新课标Ⅰ) On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by ______(it)mother.‎ ‎【解析】its 由句子成分分析及后面的mother可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词its表示所属关系。‎ ‎【例2】(2015·新课标Ⅰ) A few hours before/earlier, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with ____ (it) choking smog.‎ ‎【解析】its　句意：几小时之前，我待在香港的家，那儿有令人窒息的雾。因为smog是名词，所以需要一个形容词性物主代词修饰。‎ ‎5．词性转换 词性转换是语篇语法填空的必考点之一，属于有提示词填空题，涉及名词与形容词、形容词与动词、形容词与副词、动词与名词等之间的相互转换，要求考生分析句子成分和结构、判断空格处考查的词类，再结合上下文和构词法将括号中的词转换为需要的词类，注意词的前后缀，特别是否定前缀，虽然较少出现，但需要引起注意。‎ ‎【例1】(2016·新课标Ⅰ) But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ______(attract).‎ ‎【解析】attraction　句意：但是对于像我一样的游客，大熊猫是最大的吸引。形容词top “头等的；最重要的”，分析句子结构可知，该句缺少表语成分，its和top是作定语，修饰后面的名词。‎ ‎【例2】 (2015·新课标Ⅰ) Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it ‎ ‎______ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living(live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.‎ ‎【解析】regularly　根据分析句子结构可知，此处需要一个副词修饰谓语动词arranges。‎ ‎【例3】 (2014·新课标Ⅰ) Just be ______ (patience).‎ ‎【解析】　patient　根据句意及空格前面有系动词be，说明本句是一个含系表结构的祈使句，此处填填形容词patient“耐心的”更合适。‎ ‎★考法小结 Tip 2无提示词 纯空格填空题主要是填冠词、介词、并列连词、引导词(引导状语从句、名词性从句及定语从句等的词)、助动词、情态动词和固定搭配等(备注：近几年的全国新课标卷主要考查的是冠词、介词和连接词，包括并列连词和从属连词)。解答此类问题，考生需认真分析句子结构，根据句子所缺成分判断填哪类词，同时还要结合句意，分析句与句之间的逻辑关系，综合判断。‎ ‎1．填冠词 如果空格后有名词(短语)，而且二者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式，那么空格处一般是填冠词。‎ ‎【例1】 (2014·新课标Ⅰ) Now, years later, this river is one of ______ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.‎ ‎【解析】the　本句空格后面的most是形容词的最高级形式，在前面填定冠词the。‎ ‎2．填介词 判断空格处是否需要一个介词通常是根据介词与名词、动词、形容词等的固定搭配，如 access to，devote to，benefit from，stop/keep/prevent sb. from doing，be aware of，be tired ‎ of/from等；或者空格后有作其宾语的名词，二者一起构成介词短语，在句子中作定语、状语、补语等成分，如on sale，to one’s surprise，in silence等。‎ ‎【例1】 (2015·新课标Ⅰ) For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away ______ car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.‎ ‎【解析】by　句意：对于那些飞往桂林的人来说，乘车只需要一个小时的路程。乘坐交通工具常用by加可数名词的单数形式，by car“乘车；开车”。‎ ‎3．填并列连词 空格处是否需要并列连词主要是通过观察句子结构确定。这种情况一般是空格前后是两个并列成分，如两个主谓结构完整的句子、词、短语等，而且并列的成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择等关系。‎ ‎【例1】(2014·新课标Ⅱ) There were many people waiting at the bus stop. ______ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed when the bus finally came, we all hurried on board.‎ ‎【解析】And　根据句意可知上下文之间是顺承关系，故使用And连接上下文。‎ ‎4．填从句连接词 若两个句子间如果没有分号或句号,很可能要根据上下文逻辑需填连词或从句连接词。连接词有从属连词、代词、副词、the moment/minute/instant等几种，它们用来引导状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句。判断空格处是否填连接词，首先要看它引导的是哪一种从句。‎ ‎(1) 如果引导状语从句，一般要根据主从句之间的关系及引导词的意义判断，如表示“如果”用if，表示“直到……”用until/till，表示“因为”用because/as/since等。‎ ‎【例1】 (2015·广东) The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass _______ it began to rain heavily.‎ ‎【解析】　when　句意：一天，奶牛正在吃草，这时突然开始下起了大雨。分析句子结构可知，这里是固定句型：be doing sth. when...“正在做某事，这时……”，when相当于at the time that。‎ ‎【例2】 (2014·辽宁) Unbelievable! Oh..., ______ you don’t mind, I’ll stop and take a deep breath.‎ ‎【解析】　if　句意：这真是难以置信！噢，如果你不介意，我想停下来深呼吸一下。此处用if表条件。‎ ‎ (2) 如果引导名词性从句，主要是通过判断引导词在从句中是否作成分，如果作成分，具体作主语、宾语还是状语等；如果不作成分，是否有词汇意义。‎ ‎【例1】(2015·新课标Ⅱ)…the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ______ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.‎ ‎【解析】how　此处用how表示“多么”，其后为形容词，它们一起引导宾语从句。‎ ‎ (3)如果引导定语从句，首先要判断引导词在从句中作主语、宾语还是状语，然后再通过先行词指人、指物，还是表示时间、地点、原因再做出最后的决定。解题方法：联系上下文找关系。‎ ‎【例1】(2016·新课标Ⅰ) But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, ____ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted (permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.‎ ‎【解析】when　先行词the mid1980s在定语从句中作时间状语，故应用when引导定语从句。‎ ‎【例2】(2015·新课标Ⅰ) I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.‎ ‎【解析】that/which　句意：我略过附近的桂林，一个游客们寻找石灰岩山顶和漓江黑水的理想的地点，它们被画家画到很多中国画中。因为先行词mountain tops and dark waters指物，且在定语从句中作主语，所以用that或which引导。‎ ‎5．填固定搭配、固定句型中的缺失词 固定搭配、固定句型及习惯用法属于比较简单的考点，主要靠平时学习中的积累，如pay attention to，make up one’s mind，make a choice/decision，make contribution to，play a part/role in，lead/live a…life等。‎ ‎【例1】(2016新课标全国Ⅰ) But my connection with pandas goes back ______ my days on a TV show in the mid1980s...‎ ‎【解析】to　go back to“回到”，固定短语。‎ ‎【例2】(2015新课标全国Ⅱ)...　　　　the same time, they warm up again for the night．‎ ‎【解析】at　此处是考查固定短语at the same time“与此同时”。‎ ‎★考法小结 技巧点拨　‎ 语法填空的题目虽然难度相对较大，考查范围较广，但是只要考生能够清楚地了解这类题目的命题特点和命题规律，掌握答题技巧，完全可以取得较为理想的成绩。在备考的过程中要有针对性地多加练习，并且及时总结经验，加强在语篇情境下的语言应用能力，以提高做语法填空题的正确率。‎ 五、成果巩固 ‎【基础达标】‎ Passage 1‎ ‎（2018年11月诸暨中学高三期中试卷）‎ One day, I saw a kid walking home from school. His name was Kyle. It looked as if he was carrying all of his books. I had quite a weekend 1． (plan), so I shrugged my shoulders and went on. As I was walking, I saw 2． bunch of kids running towards him. They ran at him, 3． (knock) all his books out of his arms and he landed in the dirt. His 4． (glass) went flying. He looked up and I saw the terrible 5． (sad) in his eyes. My heart went out to him. So, I jogged over to him as he crawled around looking for his things. Later, we talked all the way home, and I carried some of his books. He looked hard at me and gave me a little smile. “Thankfully, I 6． (save). My friend saved me from doing the unspeakable.” Not until that moment did I realize its 7． (deep). Never underestimate the ‎ power of your actions. 8． a small gesture, you can change a person’s life. For 9． (good) or for worse, God puts us all in each other’s lives to impact one another in some way. As you can see, friends are angels 10． lift us to our feet when our wings have trouble remembering how to fly.‎ Passage2‎ ‎（2018黑龙江佳木斯一中第五次调研）‎ Peking Opera is being introduced to primary and middle school students in an effort ___1___(promote) the traditional art to the younger generation in our country. Textbooks about Peking Opera were firstly compiled and published by People's Education Press in 2015. The textbooks for ___2___ (option) courses have been put on trial use in junior middle schools in the Fengtai district and    ___3___ (use) in middle schools across the city in the future. The textbooks ___4___ primary schools also will be rolled out.‎ Since 2008, Beijing    ___5___ (start) a program to provide opera training at dozens of primary schools. Peking Opera arose during ___6___ rule of Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty. It flourished for decades in China and ___7___ its fame spread, it drew audiences in other countries, ___8___ (include) the United States and Japan. Yet over the years, its ___9___ (popular) faded away. While a significant number of people listened to radio productions of Peking Opera before the 1980s, generations ___10___ (bear) after that pursued pop culture over the traditional arts.‎ Passage3‎ ‎（2018陕西汉中质检二） ‎ China remains the driving force for the　1    (globe) tourism industry, because the number of out-bound (出境的) Chinese tourists and their spending power continue to rise, recent data showed. ‎ Changes in the demographic(人群) and spending habits of Chinese　2    (visitor) could benefit de-veloping countries in Southeast Asia as well as　3    along the Belt and Road routes, experts point-ed out on Tuesday. ‎ In the first half of 2017, total outbound trips from the Chinese mainland　4    (reach) 62.03‎ ‎ million, up 5 percent year-on-year, according to the data　5    (release) by China National Tourism Administration (CNTA) in August. ‎ ‎　6    the rate of expansion slowed from about 10 percent in recent years, it was still enough to help the global tourism sector achieve strong　7    (grow). ‎ According to the UN World Tourism Organization, in the first half of 2017,　8    number of global tourists reached 598 million, which increased by 6 percent on a year-on-year　9    (basic). ‎ Chinese travelers　10    (account) for about 10.4 percent of the total, according to the organization. ‎ ‎【答案及解析】‎ Passage 1‎ ‎1. planned ‎ ‎2. a ‎ ‎3. knocking ‎ ‎4. glasses ‎ ‎5. sadness ‎ ‎6. was saved ‎ ‎7. depth ‎ ‎8. With ‎ ‎9. better ‎ ‎10. who/that ‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者的亲身经历，告诉我们“朋友是天使，当我们的翅膀记不住如何飞翔时，他们会把我们扶起来。”‎ ‎1．考查过去分词。句意：我有一个很好的周末计划，所以我耸了耸肩，继续前行。have +宾语+过去分词，此结构中“宾语+过去分词”之间是被动关系，是过去分词作宾语补足语，故答案为planned。‎ ‎2．考查固定搭配。句意：当我走着的时候，我看见一群孩子朝他跑过来。a bunch of“一群，一束”，故答案为a。‎ ‎3．考查现在分词。句意：他们朝他跑去，把他所有的书都从怀里撞了下来，他摔在了地上。句子主语They和knock之间是一种主动关系，是现在分词作伴随状语，故答案为knocking。‎ ‎4．考查名词。句意：他的眼镜飞了出去。此处用glasses表示“眼镜”，故答案为glasses。‎ ‎5．考查名词。句意：他抬起头来，我看到了他眼中可怕的悲伤。此处terrible是形容词，形容词修饰名词，故答案为sadness。‎ ‎6．考查一般过去时态的被动语态。句意：谢天谢地，我得救了。我的朋友把我从做那些说不出的事情中拯救出来。此处句子主语I和save之间是被动关系，结合句意可知用一般过去时态的被动语态，故答案为was saved。‎ ‎7．考查名词。句意：直到那一刻我才意识到它的深度。此处its是形容词性的物主代词，修饰名词，故答案为depth。‎ ‎8．考查介词。句意：一个小小的举动，就能改变一个人的一生。此处with“和---在一起，具有，带有”，故答案为With。‎ ‎9．考查比较级。句意：无论是好是坏，神把我们放在彼此的生命中，以某种方式影响彼此。结合句意可知此处用比较级，故答案为better。‎ ‎10．考查定语从句。句意：正如你所看到的，朋友是天使，当我们的翅膀记不住如何飞翔时，他们会把我们扶起来。此处angels是先行词，指人，在后面的定语从句中作主语，故答案为who/that。‎ Passage2‎ ‎1. to promote        ‎ ‎2. optional    ‎ ‎3. used    ‎ ‎4. for    ‎ ‎5. has started   ‎ ‎6. the    ‎ ‎7. as    ‎ ‎8. including    ‎ ‎9. popularity    ‎ ‎10. born 京剧是中国的国粹，然而，近年来，它的热度开始消退。为了使年轻一代更好的传承中国传统文化，北京市将大力推进京剧进校园，京剧正在被引入中小学课堂。‎ ‎1. 句意：为了使年轻一代更好的传承中国传统文化，京剧正在被引入中小学课堂。动词不定式做目的状语，答案为to promote。‎ ‎2. 句意：目前这套初中版的京剧选修教材已在丰台区初中阶段试用，将在全市推广。形容词修饰名词，答案为optional。‎ ‎3. 句意：目前这套初中版的京剧选修教材已在丰台区初中阶段试用，将在全市推广。根据句意可知答案为used。‎ ‎4. 句意：同时小学版京剧教材也将适时推出。根据句意可知答案为for。‎ ‎5. 根据Since 2008，可知句子用现在完成时态，句子主语是Beijing，所以答案为has started。‎ ‎6. 句意：京剧形成于清朝(1644-1911)乾隆皇帝统治时期，随着其声名鹊起。此处表示特指，答案为the。‎ ‎7. 句意：随着其声名鹊起，数十年来在中国盛极一时，甚至吸引了不少来自美国、日本的外国观众。根据句意可知此处是as引导的时间状语从句，答案为as。‎ ‎8. 句意：随着其声名鹊起，数十年来在中国盛极一时，甚至吸引了不少来自美国、日本的外国观众。Including包括---在内，故答案为including。‎ ‎9. 句意：然而，近年来，它的热度开始消退。its是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，答案为popularity。  ‎ ‎10. 句意：出生于80年前的老一辈人中，有相当一部分只能去听一些京剧的音像制品，而80年以后的人们都渐渐只对流行文化感兴趣，摒弃了传统文化。此处是过去分词做后置定语，答案为born。‎ Passage3‎ ‎1.global　 ‎ ‎2.visitors　 ‎ ‎3.those　 ‎ ‎4.reached　 ‎ ‎5.released　 ‎ ‎6.Although/Though/While ‎ ‎7.growth　 ‎ ‎8.the　 ‎ ‎9.basis ‎ ‎10.accounted ‎ ‎1.设空处作定语，修饰“旅游业”,故用形容词。global全球的；全世界的。 ‎ ‎2.此处意为“中国游客的消费习惯”，根据语境可知visitor用复数形式。 ‎ ‎3.此处指“一带一路沿线的那些国家”，前面提到了“东南亚的发展中国家”，故用those。 ‎ ‎4.根据时间状语In the first half of 2017可知,谓语动词用一般过去时态。 ‎ ‎5.设空处作后置定语，修饰data，data与release之间为被动关系，且此处表示完成，故用过去分词作后置定语。 ‎ ‎6.虽然近些年增长速度有所放缓,但是它仍然足以帮助世界旅游业实现强劲增长。根据语境可知此处引导让步状语从句，although，though和while均可引导让步状语从句。 ‎ ‎7.设空处作achieve的宾语，故填名词。growth增加；增长。 ‎ ‎8.the number of...意为“……的数量”，此处意为“全球游客的数量达到了5.98亿”。 ‎ ‎9.on a...basis为固定短语，故填basis。basis基础;根据。 ‎ ‎10.中国游客大约占全球游客总数的10.4%。结合语境可知,此处叙述的是过去的 事情,故谓语动词用一般过去时。 ‎ ‎【能力提升】‎ Passage 4‎ ‎（2018，浙江卷）‎ 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese ___1___(dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners ___2___ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ___3___ can be to eat out. I still remember ___4___ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I ___5__(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.‎ ‎ While regularly eating out seems to ___6___(become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be ___7___(afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even ___8___ (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in __9___(weigh) problems.‎ If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ___10___ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You ‎ might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.‎ ‎1. ___________ 2. ___________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. ___________‎ ‎6. __________ 7. ____________ 8. ___________ 9. ___________ 10. _________‎ Passage 5‎ ‎(2018，辽宁大连一模）‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ The lion is a special animal to Chinese people. A pair of stone lions, a male and a female, are__1___(common) seen in front of the gates of traditional buildings.‎ ‎ The lion__2___(regard) as the king in the animal world so it represents power. The stone lions are also used to indicate the ranks of __3__( official).‎ ‎ It is interesting to note that China had no lions originally. The earliest stone lions were sculpted___4___ the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty with___5___ introduction of Buddhism into ancient China. In the Buddhist faith, the lion,___6___ can protect the truth and keep off evils, is considered a holy animal of nobleness and dignity. In Chinese folk tales, the lion has become a symbol of ___7___(brave), power and good luck. ‎ ‎ It was also popular___8___(decorate) bridges with sculpted stone lions for the same reason. The ___9____( well) known of the bridges is the Lugou Bridge, ___10____(build) from 1189 to 1192. A famous proverb says, “ The lions on the Lugou Bridge are uncountable.”‎ ‎1. __________ 2. ___________ 3. ___________ 4. __________ 5. ____________‎ ‎6. _________ 7. ___________ 8. __________ 9. __________ 10. ___________‎ Passage 6‎ ‎(2018，辽宁辽南协作校一模）‎ 阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词。‎ Beijing was once a city of bikes, ___1__ cars were reserved for official business. However, decades of economic___2___ (grow) led to a large number of cars in the city. Owning one became not just a marker of reaching the middle class but also a requirement for marriage. As the economy developed, autos pushed bikes off the roads, __3__(create) heavy pollution and miserable traffic.‎ ‎__4___(fortunate), now Beijing may be returning to its roots. Thanks to about 20 technology companies, brightly colored shared bikes___5___( flood) into Beijing in the last two years. Many local residents welcome the shared bikes___6___ the flexibility and freedom they offer. They ride the bikes and then drop___7___ off anywhere they like, locking the back wheel, with no need to find a fixed place.‎ ‎ Analyses in China say it is three factors that contribute to shared bikes__8___(increase) rapidly: a lot of cash looking for a home, a good idea and government support . As the city’s population grew, traffic jams got___9___( bad). Shared bikes could solve the “last mile” problem in___10___ environmentally friendly way.‎ ‎1. __________ 2. ____________3. _________ 4. _________ 5. ___________‎ ‎6. _________ 7. ___________ 8. _________ 9. _________ 10. __________‎ ‎【答案及解析】‎ Passage 4‎ ‎1. dishes ‎2. who/that ‎3. it ‎4. visiting ‎5. was shocked ‎6. have become ‎7. affordable ‎8. higher ‎9. weight ‎10. for 作者描述了人们喜欢在外面吃饭的现象，分析了其对身体和花费的不良影响，建议我们在家做饭。‎ ‎1. 考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。‎ ‎2. 考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。‎ ‎3. 考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out。其中不定式to eat ‎ out是真正主语，用it是形式主语。故填it。‎ ‎4.考查动词形式。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth，故填visiting。‎ ‎5. 考查形容词。此处表示我感到很震惊。shock的主语是I,用形容词和系动词组成系表结构，表示过去发生的事，系动词用过去式。故填was shocked。‎ ‎6. 考查动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知用现在完成时，seems to后用动词原形，故填have become。‎ ‎7. 考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的，系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”故填affordable。‎ ‎8. 考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，由even表示程度修饰比较级，故填higher。‎ ‎9. 考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。‎ ‎10. 考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示目的用介词for，故填for。‎ Passage 5‎ 1. commonly 2. is regarded 3. officials 4. at 5. the 6. which 7. bravery 8. to decorate 9. best ‎ 10. built 1. 设空处修饰动词，故填副词。commonly 广泛地；通常。common 为形容词，意为“常见的；共同的；共有的”。‎ ‎2. 设空处在句中作谓语动词。be regarded as 被看作；被当作。根据语境可知本句为一般现在时态。‎ ‎3. 句意：石狮子也被用来表明官员的等级。由介词of可知此处用名词作宾语，official 官员，为可数名词，根据语境可知用复数。‎ ‎4. at the beginning of...在......初；在......开始时。‎ ‎5. 因为特指佛教的传入，故在前面加定冠词the。‎ ‎6. 设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词the lion, 在从句中作主语，故填关系代词which。‎ ‎7. 设空处作介词of的宾语，与power和good luck 并列，故填名词。bravery勇敢。‎ ‎8.句意：因为同样的原因，以石狮子雕像来装饰桥梁也非常流行。It在句中作形式主语，用不定式短语作真正的主语。‎ ‎9. 在以石狮子来装饰的桥梁中，最为著名的就是卢沟桥。根据语境可知此处用最高级，表示“最为著名的桥梁”。‎ ‎10.设空处作定语，修饰the Lugou Bridge, 因为the Lugou Bridge与build之间为被动关系，故由过去分词作定语。‎ Passage 6‎ 1. where 2. growth 3. creating 4. Fortunately 5. have flooded 6. for ‎ 7. them 8. increasing 9. worse 10. an 1. 设空处引导定语从句，先行词表地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。‎ 2. 介词of加名词作宾语。句意：然而，数十年的经济发展给这座城市带来了大量的汽车。‎ 3. 句意：随着经济的发展，汽车把自行车赶离街道，造成了严重的污染和糟糕的交通。设空处作状语，前面讲的事情与create“引起；创造”之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。‎ 4. 设空处在句中作状语，故填副词。fortunately 幸运地。‎ 5. 句意：多亏了20家左右的科技公司，在过去的两年间，颜色亮丽的共享单车涌入了北京。根据时间状语in the last two years 可知，句子用现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响。‎ 6. 此处表示当地人喜欢共享单车的原因，故填介词for。‎ 1. 此处指代前面提到的 the bikes,作宾语，故用宾格them。‎ 2. 三个因素导致共享单车的数量急剧增加。此处做宾补。Shared bikes 与increase 为主动关系，故用现在分词。‎ 3. 句意：随着城市人口增加，交通堵塞也恶化了。got在句中为系动词，根据句意可知用形容词的比较级作表语。‎ 4. 句意：共享单车可能以环保的方式解决“最后一英里”的问题。此处表示泛指。且environmentally以元音因素开头，故加冠词an。‎ 六、课堂小结 语法填空又称为开放式语篇填空，旨在考查考生在阅读理解的基础上，对语法、词汇和语用知识的掌握情况，着重考查考生的语言综合运用能力。本讲主要针对2018年的语法填空进行全面的总结和分析，帮助学生梳理考点及解题方法，以便有效地应对2019年的高考