高考英语一轮复习学案专题7动词的时态和语态

高考英语一轮复习学案专题7动词的时态和语态

‎ 2013年高考英语一轮复习学案专题7：动词的时态和语态 ‎【备考策略】‎ 一、 动词的分类和形式： 动词是表示动作和状态的词。动词有时态、语态和语气3种形式的变化。  1、动词按其能否独立作谓语而分为：“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”两种  2、动词的4种基本形式：动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。  3、动词按其构成动词词组作用分为：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。1）实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。还可分为持续性动词和瞬间动词；2）连系动词有两种：一种表特征或状态，另一种表状态变化过程。  4、五种不同的短语动词：1）“动词+介词”；2）“动词+副词”；3）“动词+副词+介词”；4）“动词+名词（或代词）+介词”；5）“be+形容词（包括相当于形容词的过去分词+介词”。 二、动词的时态： 1、一般现在时的用法：1）表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。2）表示主语的特征、性格和能力。3）表示客观事实或真理。4）表示按照计划安排好的将来行为。（只限于是go,come, leave, start, stop, be等开始或移动意义的词。） 2、一般过去时的用法：1）表示过去的动作或状态。2）叙述过去连续发生的事情。3）表示过去一段时间内经常发生的动作。 3、一般将来时的用法：1）表示将来的动作或状态。2）表示将来的经常动作。 4、现在进行时的用法：1）表示说话时正在进行的动作。2）表示现阶段正在进行的动作。（说话时动作不一定进行。） 5、过去进行进的用法：1）过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。2）表示移动的动词：come, start, stay, leave, go等词的过去进行时可以表示过去的将来要发生的动作。3）was going to do可以表示在过去某一时间之后发生的动作。 6、现在完成时的用法：1）表示刚刚完成的动作，常与just连用。2）表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来。常与since, for连用，但for, since不能与终止性的动词连用。3）表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 7、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1）现在完成时与现在有联系，它表示过去的动作对现在所产生的结果、影响。一般过去时通常表示在过去某一具体时间发生的动作，与现在没什么联系。2）现在完成时表示过去延续到现在的行为；一般过去时着重过去某一时刻的某一具体动作。 8、过去完成的用法：1）表示在过去某一或动作之前已经完成的动作。常与by, before等介词短语或一个状语从句或上下文暗示。2）表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，常和for（有时可省去）或since 构成的短语或since引导的从句连用。 9、过去将来时的用法：表示对于过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。‎ 三、 时态的呼应：在复合句，从句（主要是宾语从句）中的时态，常受主句谓语动词的影响，这就叫做时态的呼应，时态的呼应一般有如下的情况。  1、如果主句的谓语动词为现在时态，其从句中的谓语动词应该用什么时态就用什么时态，如：She knows you have been in Beijing for five rears.  2、如果主句中的谓语动词为过去时态，从句中的谓语动词就要用过去时态，但要注意到下列情况：（1）如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句中的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，从句中须用一般过去时或过去进行时，如：She said she was busy then. (2)如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句中须用过去完成时，如：I didn’t know that she had been to London twice. (3)如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之后，从句须用过去将来时，如：They didn’t know when they would have a rest. (4)如果从句中说明的是一种普遍真理现象，虽然主句的谓语动词为过去时态从句中仍要用一般现在时，如：When I was a little child, my father told me that the earth is round. (5)如果从句中有表示具体过去时间的状语，虽然其谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句仍用一般过去时，但如果该状语表示的时间不具体，则从句仍要用过去完成时，如：Tome said he was born in 1975. 四、被动语态：英语动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，在被动语态的句子中，动作的执行者，一般由介词by引起的短语来表示，如:We often help them. (主动)我们常帮助他们。They are often helped by us.(被动)他们常被我们帮助。     1、被动语态各时态的形式是由助动词be的各时态的形式加及物动词的过去分词构成。     2、被动语态八种时态的用法例句:被动语态常用的八种时态的基本用法和主动语态各时态的 基本用法相同，只是句中的主语不是动作的执行者，而是动作的承受者，如:(1)一般现在时：Now English is taught in all middle schools in our country. (2)一般过去时：The Great hall of the People was built in 1959. (3)一般将来时: When will the work be finished? (4)过去将来时：He told us that the work would be ‎ finished the next day. (5)现在进行时： Your tractor is being repaired now.(6)过去进行时：The child was being examined by the doctor when they came in. (7)现在完成时：The work hasn’t been finished yet. (8)过去完成:The new plan had been carried out before the second experiment began.  3、在下列情况下，一般使用被动语态：（1）当不知道动作执行者是谁或没有必要提到动作执行者时，如：Paper was first made in China. （2）当强调或突出动作承受者的作用时，如：The new machine was invented by a 20-year-old young worker.  4、由主动语态转换为被动语态的几种句型：‎ ‎（1）将一个句子由主动语态转换为被动语态时，可按下列步骤进行：①先将主动结构的宾语改为被动结构的主语；②再将主动语态动词改为被动语态动词；③最后在被动语态之后加介词by，并将主动结构的主语放在by之后（经常被省略），构成介词短语；④由主动语态动词改为被动语态动词时，要注意被动语态动词中助动词be的各种形式变化，因为被动语态动词的不同人称和数是由助动词be不同的形式来表示的，如：Trees are planted every spring.（２）如果主动语态动词后又有直接宾语，又有间接宾语，一般是将间接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语，将直接宾语保留在原处。如将直接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语，将间接宾语保留在原处时，一般要在间接宾语前加介词to或 for，如：Grandma told me an interesting story last night.→Ｉwas told an interesting story last night./ An interesting story was told to me last night. ‎ ‎（３）主动语态中的宾语加带有宾语补足语时，改为被动语态时，就将宾语改为主语，将宾补保留在原处，而成为被动语态句中主语的补足语了。宾补可以有下列几种情况：①宾补为动词不定式，如：They asked her to sing a song. →She was asked to sing a song. 在动词make, see, hear, watch, notice等之后，不定式的to在主动语态里可要省略，而被动语态里不能省，如：Tom was seen to come out of the lab.②宾补为分词，如：They heard them singing at the time.→They were heard singing at that time.③宾补为形容词、副词、名词或介词短语，如：She kept me busy all the morning. →I was kept busy all the morning.‎ ‎（４）如果主动语态中的谓语动词为短语动词，改为被动语态时，要注意不要遗漏短语中的介词或副词，以保持短语动词的完整性，如：She always takes good care of the children. →The children are always taken good care of. ‎ ‎（５）含有情态动词的动词改为被动语态时是将情态动词后面的动词原形改为被动语态，因其前有情态动词，所以构成被动语态的助动词be就要使用原形，如：They must finish the work before Friday. →The work must be finished before Friday.‎ ‎（６）be going to, be to, used to, have to和had better等结构，其作用相当于情态动词或助动词，在改为被动语态时，只需将后面的动词原形改为被动语态即可，如：The are not going to put off the football match. →The football match is not going to be put off. 考点解析 ‎    时态与语态一直是热点，也是广大考生复习备考的难点。考纲要求考生应该具备较强的语言应用能力，能在具体语境中恰当、准确地使用某一特定时态；熟练掌握常见的8种时态，弄清16种时态，同时还要熟练运用特殊时态句式和用法以及不用被动式但表示被动的动词和短语。‎ ‎    高考对时态的考查非常灵活且难度较大，不易把握。大部分时态题答案的选择取决于题干语境；但也有部分时态试题较易把握，其用法相对固定，常见于特定句式结构中；还有部分常见时态用法特殊。综观近来的高考单项填空题,动词成为考查的热点,在1个单项选择中，考查动词时态的题一般不少于道，动词的时态常和语态、主谓一致结合在一起进行考查。‎ 一、动词时态考查要点简述 ‎1.一般现在时  ‎ ‎    主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语； 表示客观规律和永恒真理等。‎ He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning.‎ She has a brother who lives in New York.‎ The earth goes around the sun.‎ Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.‎ 考点一：表示永恒的真理，客观存在，科学事实，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：‎ The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。‎ Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。‎ ‎【典例】According to the literary review, Shakespeare       his characters live through their language in his plays.‎ A. will make       B. had made      C. was making         D. makes ‎【答案】‎ 考点二：表示格言或警句。例如：‎ ‎　   Pride goes before a fall.　骄者必败。‎ ‎　   注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。‎ ‎　　例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。‎ 考点三、现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：‎ ‎　   I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。‎ ‎　   Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。‎ ‎　　比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。‎ ‎　　I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。‎ ‎【典例】At present, one of the apartments in favor of the new airport _______ that it will going a lot jobs to the area.‎ A. is              B. are             C. will be            D. were ‎【答案】‎ 考点四：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的时间状语的词有：‎ 时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day;‎ 条件：if, unless, otherwise. ‎ If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.‎ ‎【典例】Next time you ____here，let’s have lunch together．  ‎ A．will be        B．are                  C．have been        D．were   ‎ ‎【答案】‎ 考点五：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter ＋宾语从句， 从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。‎ ‎ So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.‎ 只要他努力工作， 我不介意他什么时候做完试验。‎ 考点六：在the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。‎ The harder you study, the better results you will get.‎ ‎2.现在进行时 ‎     表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。‎ ‎ We are having English class.‎ The house is being built these days.‎ ‎ The little boy is always making trouble.‎ 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。‎ Look out when you are crossing the street.‎ Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.‎ 考点二： 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。‎ Marry is leaving on Friday.‎ ‎3.现在完成时 ‎    表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语：‎ 考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years.‎ They have lived in Beijing since 1995.‎ I have learned English for ten years.‎ 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days,‎ ‎ Has it stopped raining yet ?‎ ‎【典例】—What is the price of petrol these days ‎—Oh, it ______ sharply since last month.‎ A. is raised       B. has risen    C. has arisen          D. is increased ‎【答案】 ‎ 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ / 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。‎ in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等 考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 ＋that” 后面跟现在完成时。‎ This is my first time that I have visited China.‎ This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.‎ That is the only book that he has written.‎ ‎4．一般过去时 ‎    表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 注意：‎ 考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式，后接动词原形。‎ be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于 He used to smoke a lot.‎ He has got used to getting up early.‎ 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。‎ He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise ‎5. 过去进行时 ‎    表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。‎ The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.‎ He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.‎ What were you doing at nine last night?‎ The radio was being repaired when you called me.‎ ‎6. 过去完成时 ‎    表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till )‎ There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.‎ By the end of last term we had finished the book.‎ They finished earlier than we had expected.‎ 考点一：用于hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner ...than 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。‎ I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.‎ I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.‎ No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主谓倒装）‎ 考点二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。‎ That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.‎ It was 3 years since we had parted。‎ 考点三：动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。‎ I had hoped that I could do the job.‎ I had intended to see you but I was too busy.‎ ‎7. 一般将来时 ‎    表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 等表示将来的时间状语连用，其表现形式多达种。‎ Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in .‎ 考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中：‎ We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.‎ ‎（主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。）‎ 考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。‎ I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.‎ 考点三：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。‎ Use your head and you will find a way.‎ 考点四：“am (is, are) going to + 动词原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。‎ ‎“am (is, are) about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。‎ ‎“am (is, are) to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。‎ They are to be married in this May.‎ ‎8. 将来进行时 ‎    表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。‎ I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。‎ The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.‎ ‎【典例】At this time tomorrow _____ over the Atlantic.‎ A. we’re going to fly     B. we’ll be flying    C. we’ll fly    D. we’re to fly ‎【答案】‎ ‎9. 将来完成时 ‎    表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。‎ 考点一：常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。‎ By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.‎ By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.‎ By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.‎ ‎【典例】By the time you arrive in London, we ______ in Europe for two weeks.‎ A. shall stay                      B. have stayed      ‎ C. will have stayed                D. have been staying ‎【答案】‎ 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。‎ The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.‎ ‎【注意】‎ ‎1.一般现在时代替一般将来时 When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case （that）, unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately等引导的时间状语从句，条件句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：‎ He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。‎ ‎2. 一般现在时代替一般过去时 ‎（） "书上说"，"报纸上说"等。例如：‎ The newspaper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow. 报纸上说明天会很冷的。‎ ‎（） 叙述往事，使其生动。例如：‎ ‎ Napoleon's army now advances and the great battle begins. 拿破仑的军队正在向前挺进，大战开始了。‎ ‎3.一般现在时代替现在完成时 ‎（）有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时，如hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember等。例如：‎ I hear （= have heard） he will go to London. 我听说了他将去伦敦。‎ I forget （=have forgotten） how old he is. 我忘了他多大了。‎ ‎（）用句型 " It is … since…"代替"It has been … since …"。例如：‎ It is （= has been） five years since we last met. 从我们上次见面以来，五过去了。‎ ‎4.一般现在时代替现在进行时。‎ 在Here comes…/There goes…等句型里，用一般现在时代替现在进行时。例如：‎ There goes the bell. 铃响了。‎ ‎5.现在进行时代替将来时 ‎（）表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。例如：‎ Are you staying with us this weekend? 和我们一起度周末好吗?‎ We are leaving soon.　我们马上就走。‎ ‎（）渐变动词，如get, run, grow, become, begin以及瞬间动词die等。例如：‎ He is dying. 他要死了。‎ ‎6.时态与常用时间状语的搭配:‎ 一般现在时： every…, sometimes,　at…, on Sunday等。‎ 一般过去时：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now等。‎ 一般将来时： next…, tomorrow, in+一段时间, before+时间点等。‎ 现在完成时： for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the few past years, always, recently lately等。‎ 过去完成时：before, by+过去的时间, until, when, after, once等。‎ 过去进行时：this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening… when, while等。‎ 将来进行时：soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening。‎ 二、被动语态考查要点简述 ‎    被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语中也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。一般用于强调受者，做题时谓语动词不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考，而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，只是需要注意以下考点。‎ 考点一：使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。‎ ‎1. 主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。‎ My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.‎ An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.‎ I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.‎ ‎2. 主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。‎ The boss made him work all day long.‎ He was made to work all day long(by the boss)‎ ‎3. 短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。‎ The children were taken good care of (by her).‎ Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.‎ ‎ 4. 情态动词和be going to，be to，be sure to，used to，have to，had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。‎ ‎  5. 当句子的谓语为say，believe，expect，think，know，write，consider，report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：‎ People say he is a smart boy.‎ ‎=It is said that he is a smart boy.‎ ‎=He is said to be a smart boy.‎ People know paper was made in China first.‎ ‎= It is known that paper was made in China first.‎ ‎= Paper was known to be made in China first.‎ 类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …‎ 考点二：不能用被动语态的几种情况。‎ ‎1. 所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。‎ ‎2. 表示状态的谓语动词，如：last，hold，benefit，contain，equal，fit，join，mean，cost，look like，consist to等。‎ ‎3. 表示归属的动词，如have，own，belong to等。‎ ‎4. 表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish，want，hope，like，love，hate等。‎ ‎5. 宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。‎ ‎6. 宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。‎ ‎7. 有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell，write，wash，open，lock等(此,句中常会有一些表示性质或动作特征的副词.如:well,badly,easily,hard,difficultly等)。‎ 考点三：主动形式表被动意义。‎ ‎1. 当feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容词时；当cut，read，sell，wear，write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。‎ This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。‎ These novels won’t sell well.这些小说不畅销。‎ My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。‎ The door won’t lock.门锁不上。‎ The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。‎ ‎2. 当break out，take place，shut off，turn off，work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。‎ The plan worked out successfully.‎ The lamps on the wall turn off.‎ ‎3. want, require, need, demand, request后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。‎ ‎4. be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。‎ ‎5. 在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。‎ This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.‎ The girl isn’t easy to get along with.‎ 另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。‎ 考点四：被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。‎ ‎1.be seated坐着 He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。‎ ‎2.be hidden躲藏 He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在门后。‎ ‎3. be lost迷路 ‎4. be drunk喝醉 ‎5. be dressed (in sth)穿着…‎ ‎ The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.‎ 考点五：被动语态与系表结构的区别 被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如：‎ The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态)‎ The book is well sold.(系表结构)‎ ‎【注意】‎ ‎1. 时态的呼应：在复合句中，从句（主要是宾语从句和状语从句）中的时态，与主句谓语动词常相互影响,制约,这就叫做时态的呼应，时态的呼应一般有如下的情况。‎ ‎（）如果主句的谓语动词为现在时态，其从句中的谓语动词应该用什么时态就用什么时态，如：She knows you have been in Beijing for five rears.‎ ‎（）如果主句中的谓语动词为过去时态，从句中的谓语动词就要用过去时态，但要注意到下列情况：‎ ‎① 如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句中的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，从句中须用一般过去时或过去进行时，如：She said she was busy then.‎ ‎② 如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作明显发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句中须用过去完成时，如：I didn’t know that she had been to London twice.‎ ‎③ 如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之后，从句须用过去将来时，如：They didn’t know when they would have a rest.‎ ‎④ 如果从句中说明的是一种普遍真理现象，虽然主句的谓语动词为过去时态从句中仍要用一般现在时，如：When I was a little child, my father told me that the earth is round.‎ ‎⑤ 如果从句中有表示具体过去时间的状语，虽然其谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句仍用一般过去时，但如果该状语表示的时间不具体，则从句仍要用过去完成时，如：Tome said he was born in 1975.‎ ‎2. 被动语态中的(主语)补足语:主动语态中的宾语加带有宾语补足语时，改为被动语态时，就将宾语改为主语，将宾补保留在原处，而成为被动语态句中主语的补足语了。宾补可以有下列几种情况：‎ ‎（）宾补为动词不定式，如：They asked her to sing a song. →She was asked to sing a song. 在动词make, see, hear, watch, notice等之后，不定式的to在主动语态里可要省略，而被动语态里不能省，如：Tom was seen to come out of the lab.‎ ‎（）宾补为-ing,-ed分词，改为被动后不变:如：They heard them singing at the time.→They were heard singing at that time.‎ ‎（3）宾补为形容词、副词、名词或介词短语，改为被动后不变:如：She kept me busy all the morning. →I was kept busy all the morning.‎ ‎ 五年高考 ‎ A组 全国高考题组 ‎1.【浙江卷,16】 — Alvin, are you coming with us?‎ ‎— I'd love to, but something unexpected .‎ A. has come up B. was coming up C. had come up D. would come up ‎【答案】‎ ‎2.【浙江卷,13】 Peter had intended to take a job in business, but _____ that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in .‎ A. had abandoned B. abandoned C. abandon D. will abandon ‎【答案】‎ ‎3.【江西卷,26】--Look! Somebody the sofa.‎ ‎ --Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it.‎ ‎ A．is cleaning B．was cleaning C．has cleaned D．had cleaned ‎【答案】‎ ‎4.【湖南卷,33】-- I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me?     -- Sorry, I ____ the piano for years. ‎ ‎ A. don't play B. wasn't playing C. haven't played D. hadn't played ‎【答案】‎ ‎5.【重庆卷,27】Food supplies in the flood-stricken area ______.We must act immediately before there’s left.‎ A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run out 【答案】B ‎【考点】‎ ‎6.【辽宁卷,35】Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I on Friday. ‎ ‎ A. get paid B. got paid C. have paid D. had been paid ‎【答案】‎ ‎7.【四川卷,9】—Did you catch what I said? 高666考%%资&&&源##网 ‎—Sorry. I ______ a text message just now.‎ A. had answering B. have answered C. would answer D. was answering ‎【答案】 ‎ ‎8.【陕西卷,24】—Can I call you back at two o’clock this afternoon?‎ ‎ —I’m sorry, but by then I______ to Beijing. How about five?‎ A. fly B. will fly C. will be flying D. am flying ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎9.【北京卷,22】By the time you have finished this book, your meal ______ cold.‎ A. gets B. has got C. will get D.is getting ‎【答案】‎ B组 -全国高考题组 ‎1.【浙江卷,15】The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly.‎ A. gave B. gives C. was giving D. had given ‎【答案】‎ ‎2.【四川卷,9】All visitors to this village with kindness.‎ A. treat B. are treated C. are treating D. had been treated ‎【答案】‎ ‎3.【安徽卷, 32】——I didn’t ask for the name list. Why ______on my desk? ——I put it there just now in case you needed it. A. does it land B. has it landed C. will it land D. had it landed 【答案】‎ ‎4.【福建卷,32】Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they ‎ from China.‎ A. receive B. are receiving C. have received D. had received ‎【答案】‎ ‎5.【江苏卷,23】——Tommy is planning to buy a car.‎ ‎——I know. By next month, he enough for a used one. ‎ A. saves B .saved C. will save D. will have saved ‎【答案】‎ ‎6.【山东卷,35】She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child everything!‎ A. had been eating B. had eaten C. have eaten D. have been eating ‎【答案】‎ ‎7.【浙江卷】For many years, people ______electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted. ‎ A. had dreamed of B. have dreamed of C. dreamed of D. dream of ‎【答案】‎ ‎8.【江苏卷】—Peter , where did you guys go for the summer vacation?‎ ‎—We________ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves. ‎ A. were B. have been C. had been D. will be ‎【答案】‎ ‎9. 【浙江】Over the past decades, sea ice _______ in the Arctic as a result of global warming.‎ A. had decreased B. decreased ‎ C. has been decreasing D. is decreasing ‎【答案】‎ ‎10. 【浙江】—What do you think of the movie? ‎ ‎—It’s fantastic. The only pity is that I ______ the beginning of it. ‎ A. missed B. had missed C. miss D. would miss ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎11.【浙江】I don’t believe you’ve already finished reading the book— I ________it to you this morning! A. would lend B. was lending C. had lent D. lent ‎【答案】D ‎【考点】‎ ‎12.【浙江】—What’s that noise? ‎—Oh, I forgot to tell you. the new machine________. A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested ‎【答案】‎ ‎ 三年模拟 A组 全国模拟题组 ‎1.(浙江省温州中学高三上学期期末试题,4)That wasn't the first time he ________ us. I think it's high time we ________ strong actions against him.‎ A．betrayed; take B．had betrayed; took C．has betrayed; took D．has betrayed; take ‎2.(浙江省温州市高三上学期期末八校联考,15)John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________, he gladly accepted it. ‎ ‎ A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished ‎3.(浙江省天台中学11-12学高三上学期第二次阶段考试,32)It’s dangerous if you have the fire_____________ all night long.‎ A. to burn B. burn C. burned D. burning ‎ ‎4. (浙江省天台中学11-12学高三上学期第二次阶段考试,36)Not until I was a senior student ____________ the importance of English.‎ A. I have realized B. did I realize C. have I realized D. I realized ‎5. (浙江省台州中学高三下学期第一次统练英语试题,12)‎ ‎ —Oh, I’m really fed up with Jim. He is always causing me trouble.‎ ‎ --- I____ you to keep away from him! But you wouldn’t listen. A. told B. tell C. have told D. would tell ‎ ‎6.(浙江省任岩松中学高三期初五校联考英语试题,9)The woman, who is said to have moved to America last year, ________ in China for almost twenty years.‎ A. lived B. has lived C. was living D. had lived ‎7.(浙江省任岩松中学高三期初五校联考英语试题,10)‎ ‎--- I wonder whom you are waiting for?‎ ‎ --- The policeman _______ the traffic accident.‎ ‎ A. dealt with B. to deal with C. will deal with D. is dealing with ‎8.(浙江省宁波市鄞州区高三高考三月适应性考试,4)Novak Djokovic won the Australia Open， ____Rafael Nadal on January 29, , after a hard match. ‎ ‎ A. beat B. was beaten C. beaten D. beating ‎9.(浙江省宁波市鄞州区高三高考三月适应性考试,14)_____ by the belief that a key university is beneficial to one’s future, many parents urge their children to work hard. ‎ ‎ A. Guide B. Guiding C. Guided D. Having guided ‎ ‎10.(金华十校高考模拟考试,14)The school library provides a variety of books, _______ they will meet the needs of different students．‎ ‎ A．to hope B．hope C．hoped D．hoping ‎11.(浙江省苍南县灵溪中学高三高考模拟,3)My mother ________ all the housework for the family, but recently she has been too busy to do it. A. will B. does C. is doing D. has done ‎12.(浙江省苍南县灵溪中学高三高考模拟,11)With the project ________ the manager felt nervous and couldn't calm down these days.‎ A. completing B. completed ‎ C. being completed D. to complete B组 -全国模拟题组 ‎1.(元济高级中学高三高考全真压轴,15)With the development of science, more new technology to the field of IT.‎ A. has introduced B. is being introduced C. is introduced D. was introduced ‎2．(浙江省学军中学高三高考模拟考试题英语,2)‎ ‎—I wonder whom you are waiting for.‎ ‎ —The policeman the traffic accident.‎ ‎ A．dealt with B．to deal with C．will deal with D．to be dealt with ‎3．(浙江省学军中学高三高考模拟考试题英语,3)The room ______ 10 metres across is large enough for a single man to live in．‎ ‎ A．measuring B．measures C．to be measured D．measured ‎4.(浙江省温州中学高三下学期3月月考英语适应性测试题,9)______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants (变异体) of genes in bodies.‎ ‎ A. Being exposed B. Having exposed C. Exposed D. After being exposed ‎5.(浙江省宁海县正学中学高三第一学期第一次阶段性测试,25)The Maori _ ____ in New Zealand for about 1,000 years, but their present lifestyle and culture differ little from __ ___ of their ancestors. ‎ A. have lived; that B. had been living; ones C. have been living; those D. have been living; the one ‎6.(浙江省宁海县正学中学高三第一学期第一次阶段性测试,26)It is hoped that the question will_____at the meeting.‎ ‎ A. come up B. be come up C. turn up D. be turned up ‎ ‎7.(杭十四中学第一学期9月月考,3)The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience __________ on benches, chairs or boxes. A. having seated B. seating C. seated D. having been seated ‎8.(嘉兴一中级高三上学期英语摸底测验卷,25)‎ ‎ — Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend? ‎ ‎—Terry? Never! She ________tents and fresh air!‎ A. has hated B. hated C. will hate D. hates ‎9.(浙江省瑞安中学高三暑期总结性测试,10)Only when you leave your parents for college education _______ how much you love them.‎ A. do you realize B. you realize C. you will realize D. will you realize ‎10.(浙江省衢州市杜泽中学高三第一次月考,3) The pirates（海盗）said that they would make their demands “at a later time”.‎ A. know B. known C. knew D. knowing