高考真题英语天津卷Word含解析

高考真题英语天津卷Word含解析

www.ks5u.com ‎2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）‎ 英语笔试 本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟。第l卷1至10页，第Ⅱ卷11至12页。‎ 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试 用条形码。答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。‎ 祝各位考生考试顺利！‎ 第I卷 注意事项：‎ ‎1. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号 ‎2. 本卷共55小题，共95分。‎ 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ 第一节；单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）‎ 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ 例：Stand over there _____________ you'll be able to see it better.‎ A. or B. and C. but D. while 答案是B。‎ ‎1.---I guess you want to go play tennis.‎ ‎---__________. That's exactly what I was thinking too.‎ A. I didn't get it B. It's up to you C. You never know D. You read my mind ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查情景交际。句意：---我猜你想去打网球。---你猜透了我的心思。那就是我正在想着的事情。从回答的后半句可知，听话人同意说话人的意思。而A（不明白，不认同某人的说法）、B（决于你）和C（很难说，不可预知）都不符合语境。“you read my mind ‎”意为你知我心，符合语境，故选D。‎ ‎2.I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.‎ A. had hoped B. am hoping C. have hoped D. would hope ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。第二个分句中“couldn’t”用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选A。‎ ‎3.A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _________who are not.‎ A. ones B. those C. these D. them ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与the students是对应关系，可以用the ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，不能与the students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。‎ ‎4.____________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.‎ A. Learn B. Learned C. Learning D. Having learned ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动名词。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以做主语。此处用动名词做主语，故选C。‎ ‎5.___________ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.‎ A. According to B. Instead of C. In addition to D. In spite of ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查介词词组。句意：尽管存在所有这些问题，几个运动员还是表现很好。A. according to据(…所说); 按(…所报道)；B. instead of代替，作为…的替换；C. in addition to另外，加之，除…之外；D. in spite of 尽管，不管。故选D。‎ ‎6.---My son got a full scholarship to his dream university!‎ ‎----Wow, ___________! What's he going to study?‎ A. good for him B. go for it C. what a coincidence D. all the best ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】本题考查情景对话。句意：--我的儿子得了他梦想大学的全额奖学金。--噢，对他有好处!他打算学习什么呢? good for him“对他有好处” ；go for it“努力争取”； what a coincidence“多么巧合”； all the best“祝一切顺利（祝酒告别时说）”。故选A。‎ ‎7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways.‎ A. statement B. impact C. impression D. judgment ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】本题考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。‎ ‎8.Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.‎ A. is given B. are given C. was given D. were given ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】本题考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知应用过去时，排除选项A和B。as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。‎ ‎9.Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ___________ what he was saying.‎ A. set aside B. take back C. make out D. keep off ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】本题考查动词词组辨析。句意： 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。set aside“存储，留出”； take back“收回，拿回”；make out“辨认出，理解，了解”； keep off“（使）避开”。故选C。‎ ‎10.Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ___________ to help them succeed academically and personally.‎ A. designed B. designing C. to design D. being designed ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】本题考查非谓语动词。 a course 和 design之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词。故选A。 句意：现在大多数大学都为一年级学生开设了一门课程，专门帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功。‎ ‎11.Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.‎ A. why B. where C. which D. what ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。‎ ‎12.The professor warned tie students that on no account _____________ use mobile phones in his class.‎ A. should they B. they should C. dare they D. they dare ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查部分倒装。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。on no account决不，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，应该做should do,敢于做dare do，根据句意表示”应该“，故选A。‎ ‎13.Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion _________ he wants their support A. since B. once C. unless D. after ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：汤姆是如此独立，以至于他从来不征求父母的意见，除非他想得到他们的支持。since因为；once一旦；unless除非；after在……之后，根据题意，故选C。‎ ‎14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time.‎ A. accomplished B. had accomplished C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。‎ ‎15.A dog's eating habit requires regular training before it is ___________ established.‎ A. properly B. widely C. originally D. temporarily ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查副词辨析。句意：在狗的饮食习惯被正确地建立之前，需要定期的训练。properly正确地；widely广泛地；originally最初；temporarily临时地，根据题意，故选A。‎ 第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16~35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night，when fear seized me. My wallet was gone. I could only have left it on the G9 bus，which was now speeding in the dark to some______16______station.‎ The____17____moment was quickly followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the_____18_____of that little wallet？The credit cards，the driver's license，the cash，all lost to the bus.‎ Two hours later，back at my house，I heard a knock on the door. My husband _____19_____it while I was on the phone in the dining room. "Does Jennifer live here？" I heard a lady say. In my husband's hand was my wallet，with not a penny_____20_____. She left before I could ____21____ make it to the door to offer my thanks.‎ After sharing the story online，I heard from someone，who ____22____ the lady as Erin Smith. Without ___23___ ，I called to thank her. She said she ____24____ my wallet on a bus seat. She_____25_____that going to a stranger's house was a ____26____ move，but she decided to take ‎ the chance. "If I were in that ____27____ I would want someone to try to find me，" she said.‎ This one stranger responded beautifully to my small ____28____ ，but she actually wasn't the only one. Right after Erin ____29____ my wallet on the bus，she posted a picture of my driver's license to an online forum（论坛），trying to see ____30____ anyone knew me. No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my son's nursery and who recognized my face. I've never ____31____ words with those moms beyond small tall，but they wanted to help. I read that people are more divided than ever，but that's not how the people I_____32_____tend to act.‎ ‎___33___,I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger. Erin had gone ____34____what almost anyone would have done，finding my house on a bitterly cold night，and for that I was extremely ____35____ .‎ ‎16. A. accessible B. hidden C. unknown D. convenient ‎17. A. face-saving B. brain-washing C. eye-catching D. heart-stopping ‎18. A. parts B. contents C. details D. ingredients ‎19. A. ignored B. answered C. examined D. interrupted ‎20. A. missing B. returned C. remaining D. abandoned ‎21. A. still B. ever C. yet D. even ‎22. A. selected B. appointed C. identified D. defined ‎23. A. delay B. alarm C. regret D. invitation ‎24. A. moved B. placed C. opened D. spotted ‎25. A. disagreed B. complained C. calculated D. recommended ‎26. A. selfless B. risky C. slow D. personal ‎27. A. site B. direction C. situation D. atmosphere ‎28. A. crisis B. danger C. threat D. failure ‎29. A. got rid of B. made use of C. had control of D. took possession of ‎30. A. if B. where C. how D. when ‎31. A. recalled B. exchanged C. repeated D. whispered ‎32. A. encounter B. follow C. consult D. accompany ‎33. A. Going away B. Turning around C. Looking back？ D. Coming along ‎34. A. into B. against C. over D. beyond ‎35. A. longing B. enthusiastic C. concerned D. grateful ‎【答案】16. C 17. D 18. B 19. B 20. A 21. D 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。作者将钱包落在了公共汽车上，Erin捡到了作者的钱包，在寒冷的黑夜亲自登门归还钱包。作者深受感动。文章叙述了事情的来龙去脉和作者的感受。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 根据前文的“fear seized me. My wallet was gone.”可以推知，作者将钱包落在了公共汽车上，而汽车正在开往某个作者未知的地方，这使得找回钱包的希望渺茫，因此作者心生“恐惧”。故C选项(unknown)切题。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 根据上一段中的“fear seized me”可以推知，作者在发现丢了钱包之后的第一感觉是“害怕”。之后，作者开始在内心计算找回钱包里的那些东西所需要的时间和钱数。故该空应和fear表达的意思相近，D选项（heart-stopping）切题：令人心跳停止的，惊心动魄的。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 该空指下文中提到的“the credit cards， the driver’s license, the cash”，这些都是钱包里装的东西。故选B(content)：所含之物，所容纳之物。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 两小时后有人敲门，丈夫去应门。B选项（answer）切题：应（门）；接（电话）；应答。‎ ‎20题详解】‎ 结合下文的陈述可知，那位女士捡到了作者的钱包，她拾金不昧，将钱包完璧归赵。由此可以推知，该处指“钱包里的钱一分也没有丢失”。故A选项（missing）切题：不见的，丢失的。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 作者甚至还没有来得及到门口感谢那位女士，她就离开了。该空表示“甚至”，故选D选项（even）：甚至。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 在网上分享了这个故事之后，作者收到了某个人的来信，这个人确认了那位女士是Erin Smith。C选项(identify)切题：确认，认出，识别。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 找到了那位拾金不昧的女士，作者当然要“马上，毫不耽搁地”打电话去感谢对方。A选项（delay）切题：耽搁，延迟。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 作者将钱包落在了公共汽车上，Erin是在一个座位上发现了它。该空表示“发现”，故选D选项(spot)：发现，认出。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 根据文章最后一段中的“a bitterly cold night”可知，这件事发生在一个寒冷的晚上。同时，Erin又不认识作者。由此推知，该句应指：Erin估计去一个陌生人的家是一个冒险的举动。C选项（calculate）正确：估算，估计，预料。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 根据下文中的转折词but可知，该句和she decided to take the chance（她决定冒险）是转折关系。那么该句应指去一个陌生人家是一个冒险的举动。故B选项（risky）正确：冒险的。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 该句叙述的是Erin当时的想法：“如果我处在那种情况下（指丢了钱包这种情形），我希望有个人努力地找到我”。该空表示“情况，情形”，故选C选项（situation）：情况，情形。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 作者丢了钱包，对于作者来说，这是一个“危机，危难时刻”。故选A选项（crisis）：危机，危难时刻。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ Erin捡到了作者的钱包，在归还作者之前，钱包在Erin的手里，Erin暂时“拥有，占有”作者的钱包。故D选项正确。take possession of意为“拥有，占有”。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ Erin把作者的驾照图片发到一个论坛里，想看看是否有人认识作者。该空表示“是否”，故选A选项（if）：是否。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 根据后面的转折词but可知，该句和后面一句（她们想帮忙）转折关系，由此推知，该句指：除了闲聊，作者和那两位妈妈从来没有说过话，即：从未和她们“交换过词语”。B选项（exchange）正确：交换，互换。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 作者曾经读到这样的说法：人们比以往更加四分五裂，即：人们不像以前那样团结，不像以前那样互相帮助了。但是，作者遇到的这些人的行为方式不是那样的。上文中提到的Erin，two moms都是作者遇到的人。故A选项（encounter）正确：偶遇，遇到，邂逅。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 回顾发生的这件事，作者感到很幸运：有人想帮助一个陌生人。C选项（look back）正确：回顾，追忆。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 根据倒数第二段中提到的“people are more divided”可以推知，一般人在捡到别人的钱包后，都不会像Erin那样亲自归还失主。因此该句指：Erin的所作所为远远超越了其他人的行为。该空表示“超过，超越”，故选D选项（beyond）：超过，超越。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ Erin在寒冷的黑夜亲自登门归还作者的钱包，作者对此非常感激。D选项（grateful）正确：感激的。‎ 第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2. 5分，满分50分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D国个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A History Fair Competition Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.‎ History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past. It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become. Thornton fiddle School History Fair Competition makes understanding history exciting，engaging，and fun！‎ This Year's Theme All participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history. To many people，technology means computers，‎ hand-held devices，or vehicles that travel to distant planets. However，technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem，touching lives in countless ways.‎ Individuals or groups may enter one of the following categories：‎ ‎·Performance ‎·Documentary（纪实作品）‎ ‎·Essay Writing Category Requirements Performance: A dramatic presentation of the topic no more than 10 minutes long. If special clothes are used，they should truly represent a given period.‎ Documentary: A visual presentation（such as a video，slide show，or computer project）no more than 10 minutes long. A desktop computer，screen，projector，and loudspeakers will be available. Students must provide their presentations on CDs before Friday，March 23.‎ Essay Writing: An academic paper of 2，000 to 2，500 words. No illustrations（图解）are allowed. Please do not include covers. A list of references must be included.‎ Important Dates January 5 Submit a topic proposal to your history teacher. The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is off-topic or unclear.‎ February 5 Submit a first draft of your essay，performance script（剧本），or documentary highlights.‎ February 19 A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions. Students then have an opportunity to improve their products.‎ March 9 Submit a final draft of your essay.‎ March 15 Performance and documentary committee preview March 24 Thornton‎ ‎Middle School History Fair Competition ‎7：00A. M-9：00A. M Participants signing in at the gym ‎10：00A. M. -6：00PM. Competition and judges' review ‎7：00P.M. Awards ceremony and picnic ‎36. According to Paragraph 1，what is the major goal of understanding history？‎ A. To preserve national traditions.‎ B. To prepare for a history competition.‎ C. To better know the present and future.‎ D. To further explore historical mysteries.‎ ‎37. What is the theme of this year's competition？‎ A. Technology advances science.‎ B. Science interacts with technology.‎ C. Science has made the study of history easy.‎ D. Technology has improved the life of Americans.‎ ‎38. Among the items provided by the school for a visual presentation are__________.‎ A. special clothes and a screen B. a desktop computer and a CD C. a projector and special clothes D. a desktop computer and loudspeakers ‎39. What would a participant have to do with an essay of 1,500 words to meet the category requirement?‎ A. Include more information in the essay.‎ B. Remove the references.‎ C. Provide a cover for the essay.‎ D. Explain the details with illustrations.‎ ‎40. What will the committee of teachers do on February 19?‎ A. Preview performances and documentaries.‎ B. Make comments on the materials.‎ C. Improve the participant's first draft.‎ D. Collect a second proposal from the participant.‎ ‎【答案】36. C 37. D 38. D 39. A 40. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了桑顿中学举办的历史展览竞赛的相关信息。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第一段“It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become”可知，历史告诉了今天我们是谁，将来我们要成为谁，它是我们重要的组成部分。所以根据第一段，了解历史的主要目地是更好地了解现在和未来。故C选项正确。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由This Year’s Theme中的“All participants must address how communication or transportaion technology has promoted the quality of life for Amercian throughout history ”可知，所有的参与者都必须要说明通信或运输技术如何在整个历史过程中如何提高了美国人的生活质量。所以今年竞赛的主题是：技术提高了美国人的生活。故D选项正确。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由Documentary中的“A desktop computer, screen,projector,and loudspeaker will be available”可知，将提供台式电脑、屏幕、投影仪和扬声器。所以学校提供的视觉展示设备包括台式电脑和扩音器。故D选项正确。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 细节理解题。本题采用排除法。由Essay Writing 中的“An academic paper of 2,000 to 2,5000 words ”No illustration are allowed。Please do not include covers. A list of references must be included”可知，要求一份2000至25000字的学术论文。不允许有插图。请不要包括封面。必须包括一份参考文献列表。所以通过排除法，可以看出B，C，D选项都被排除，故一个参与者需要在文章中列入更多的信息才能使一篇1500字的论文满足类别要求。故A选项正确。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由Important Dates中的“February 19 A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions ”可知，2月19日，教师委员会将对材料进行评估并发表意见。所以在2月19日。教师委员会将对材料做出评论。故B选项正确。‎ B I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books. There was not one night that I don't remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside. I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.‎ I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. Hearing mom say," I can't believe what's printed in the newspaper this morning," made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself. I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew. So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading.‎ This is how everyone learned to read. We would start off with sentences, then paragraphs, and then stories. It seemed an unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that knowing how ‎ to read could open many doors. When mom said," The C-A-N-D-Y is hidden on the top shelf," I knew where the candy was. My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything. I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.‎ Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make A's on my tests. Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn't enjoy this type of reading. I liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.‎ Yet, now that I'm growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself needing a way to escape. By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyone. I don't have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this. I just read to relax.‎ We're taught to read because it's necessary for much of human understanding. Reading is a vital part of my life. Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And I've found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless.‎ ‎41. Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of mom's hands？‎ A. She wanted mom to read the news to her.‎ B. She was anxious to know what had happened.‎ C. She couldn't wait to tear the newspaper apart.‎ D. She couldn't help but stop mom from reading.‎ ‎42. According to Paragraph 3，the author's reading of road signs indicates___________‎ A. her unique way to locate herself B. her eagerness to develop her reading ability C. her effort to remind mom to obey traffic rules D. her growing desire to know the world around her.‎ ‎43. What was the author's view on factual reading？‎ A. It would help her update test-taking skills.‎ B. It would allow much room for free thinking.‎ C. It would provide true and objective information.‎ D. It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life.‎ ‎44. The author takes novel reading as a way to___________.‎ A. explore a fantasy land B. develop a passion for leaning C. learn about the adult community D. get away from a confusing world ‎45. What could be the best title for the passage？‎ A. The Magic of ‎Reading B. The Pleasure of ‎Reading C. Growing Up with ‎Reading D. Reading Makes a Full Man ‎【答案】41. B 42. D 43. C 44. D 45. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文为夹叙夹议文，作者讲述了自己的读书经历和感悟。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段主题句I always wanted to know what my mom was reading.和Hearing mom say … made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself可知，作者一直想知道妈妈在读什么。作者抢过妈妈读的报纸，因为作者自己迫切想看一看报纸上写的内容，故选B。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything，可以推断出，让妈妈开车开慢一点，他能够读出所有路标，正是作者在阅读方面的进步引起了他的好奇心，想要了解周围的一切，故选D。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make A’s on my test.可知，小学和中学阶段的阅读都是事实性阅读，读书是为了获取知识，考试得A。因此事实性阅读能够提供真实的客观的信息，故选 C。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第五段By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become ‎ anyone.( 打开一本小说，我可以摆脱我的负担，进入一个奇妙而神秘的世界，我现在是一个新的角色。在这个世界上，我可以成为任何人。) 可知，阅读小说可以让作者避开复杂的现实而投入到小说中的世界中去，故选D。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据上下文可知，作者以时间顺序回忆了自己的阅读经历和感悟，伴着阅读成长，故选项C符合题意。‎ C How does an ecosystem（生态系统）work？What makes the populations of different species the way they are？Why are there so many flies and so few wolves？To find an answer，scientists have built mathematical models of food webs，noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.‎ With such models，scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs，for instance，consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator（掠食动物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey（猎物），the two species are strongly linked；when a predator lives on various species，they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species，it can survive the extinction（灭绝）of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare，the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.‎ Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable，where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s，scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species---including species they did not directly attack.‎ And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean，we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale，while on land，we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.‎ Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally，the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key，‎ scientists says because once ecosystems pass their tipping point（临界点），it is remarkably difficult for them to return.‎ ‎46. What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs？‎ A. The living habits of species in food webs.‎ B. The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.‎ C. The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.‎ D. The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.‎ ‎47. A strong link is found between two species when a predator______‎ A. has a wide food choice B. can easily find new prey C. sticks to one prey species D. can quickly move to another place ‎48. What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline？‎ A. The prey species they directly attack will die out.‎ B. The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.‎ C. The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.‎ D. The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.‎ ‎49. What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4？‎ A. Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.‎ B. Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.‎ C. Species of commercial value dominate other species.‎ D. Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.‎ ‎50. How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance？‎ A. By getting illegal practices under control.‎ B. By stopping us from killing large predators.‎ C. By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.‎ D. By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.‎ ‎【答案】46. B 47. C 48. D 49. A 50. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了一些在食物网运营的关键原则。科学家们说;因为一个生态系统越过了它的临界点，它们很难再回来。该系统将告诉我们何时适应人类活动，这些活动正将生态系统推向崩溃，或者甚至允许我们将生态系统从边缘拉回来，预防是关键。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段的With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.可知，借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了食物网中的一些关键原则。故选B。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段的When a predator(掠食动物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物)，the two species are strongly linked可知，当捕食者总是吃大量的单一猎物，这两个物种是紧密相连的。故选C。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段的In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had, a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species they did not directly attack可知，处于食物网顶端的食肉动物对它们没有直接攻击的其他物种的种群数量有着惊人的控制，由此可推断出，如果食物链顶级食肉动物的数量大大下降，其他物种的种群将经历意想不到的变化。故选D。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段的Ideally the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline可知，人类过度的活动会将生态系统推向崩溃，由此可推断出，不受控制的人类活动极大地破坏了生态系统。故选A。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段的Scientists have built an early-warming system based on mathematical models. Ideally the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline.可知，早期变暖系统发出紧急需要采取预防行动的信号帮助我们维持生态平衡。故选D。‎ D Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.‎ The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？‎ We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.‎ Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But，if we are willing to lean，the opportunities are everywhere.‎ The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.‎ With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（自我），whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral concept.‎ Many of us equate（视……等同于）“commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck，or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson.‎ ‎51. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that_________.‎ A. loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity B. age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal C. misery inspires a man to fight against his fate D. disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success ‎52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？‎ A. End one's struggle for liberty.‎ B. Waste one's energy taking risks.‎ C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.‎ D. Lose the interest to continue learning.‎ ‎53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？‎ A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.‎ B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.‎ C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.‎ D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.‎ ‎54. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5？‎ A. A tough man can tolerate suffering.‎ B. A wise man can live without self-pity.‎ C. A man should try to satisfy people around him.‎ D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.‎ ‎55. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？‎ A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.‎ B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.‎ C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.‎ D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.‎ ‎【答案】51. B 52. D 53. C 54. D 55. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。‎ ‎51题详解】‎ 推理判断题。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹圄，在53岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功，年龄也是如此，故选B。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据第三段I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.故可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知run out of steam可知，停止学习，故选D。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段we lose the sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知，机会总是留给那些好奇心的人，故选C。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第五段we learn to bear with the things we can’t change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么去取悦别人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀，故可知，本段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选D。‎ ‎55题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选A。‎ 绝密☆启用前 ‎2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）‎ 英语笔试 第Ⅱ卷 注意事项：‎ ‎1. 用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。‎ ‎2. 本卷共6小题，共35分。‎ 第三部分：写作 第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。‎ Haze Mabry，who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years，walks into the school building every day and empties garbage cans，wipes down bathrooms and mops wet messes in the hallways.‎ Last Friday，after he arrived at the school，instead of finding garbage to clean up，he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards，blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him. It was his 80th. As he walked the long hallway，some popped out of lime to hug him. They handed him so many cards that they filled several large boxes. Touched by their enthusiastic expression of affection. Mabry thanked them all. "They're like my children，"Mabry said.‎ On a regular day，students at the school sometimes come up to him to say they're not feeling well or other times to tell him about something that happened at break. He knows most of the kids at the school，but can't name each one. Some of them make him know them. Like Faith，who often forgets her backpack in the cafeteria，and Lucy，who just wants a hug.‎ ‎“He won't brag（夸耀）on himself，but it doesn't matter what he's doing or where he is，he will always stop what he's doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child ‎ approaches him，he will pause to give that child his undivided attention. He's the most loved one in this building，"said Lori Gilreath，a reading teacher.‎ Mabry works circles around all the students，cleaning up messes others don't want to touch. He doesn't expect a lot. Mabry said he hadn't planned to do much for his milestone birthday，so he was happy the students had prepared the surprise celebration.‎ Over the weekend，he worked through the piles of handmade cards at his house. One card from a student stood out to him. It read: “Mr. Haze，you are my sunshine.”‎ ‎56. What is Mabry's daily work as a school keeper？（no more than 5 words）‎ ‎57. How did the students celebrate Mabry's birthday？（no more than 15 words）‎ ‎58. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 probably mean？（1 word）‎ ‎59. Why is Mabry's presence at the school important？（no more than 10 words）‎ ‎60. Who is the "sunshine” in your life？Please explain. （no more than 20 words）‎ ‎【答案】56. Cleaning the（school）building. ‎ Or: Doing（the）cleaning.‎ Or: He cleans the（school）building. ‎ Or: He does（the）cleaning. ‎ ‎57. By lining the hallways，blowing noisemakers，singing a song，handing him cards，and hugging him. ‎ Or: By lining the hallways with（handmade）cards，blowing noisemakers，singing a song，and hugging him. ‎ Or: They lined the hallways，blew noisemakers，sang a song，handed him cards，and hugged him. ‎ Or: They lined the hallways with（handmade）cards，blew noisemakers，sang a song，and hugged him. ‎ ‎58. Love.‎ Or: Liking. ‎ Or: Fondness. ‎ ‎59. （Because）he loves/cares about（the）students and works hard. ‎ Or: （Because）he loves（the）students and is devoted to his work. ‎ Or: （Because）he is kind/caring/helpful to the students，and hard-working. ‎ Or: （Because）he is regarded as a kind/warm-hearted/helpful/caring and hard-working man. ‎ ‎60. My father/mother. （Because）he/she loves me and encourages me when I'm faced/confronted with difficulties. ‎ Or: My teacher. （Because）he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career. ‎ Or: My friend. （Because）he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/help/encouragement.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 本文为记叙文。文中记叙了一位清洁工Mabry，他的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。Mabry 爱学生，关心学生。学生们也尊敬他，喜欢他。在他80生日那天，学生们用自己的方式祝贺他的生日，表达了对Mabry的热爱。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段“Haze Mabry, who has works as a school keeper for thirteen years, walks into the school building every day and empty garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms, and mops wet messes in the hallways.”可知Haze Mabry是一位清洁工，他的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。因此本句的答案可为：Cleaning the (school) building； Or：doing（the） cleaning；‎ Or: He cleans the (school)building； Or: He does (the) cleaning.‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段“Last Friday,...he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him.和some popped out of line to hug him.”可知，上个周五，他发现几乎有800名学生在走廊里排队，拿着手制卡片，吹口哨，为他唱了一首响亮的生日快乐歌，拥抱他。因此答案为：‎ By lining the hallways, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, handing him cards, and hugging him.‎ Or: By lining the hallways with (handmade) cards, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, and hugging him.‎ Or: They lined the hallways, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him.‎ Or: They lined the hallways with (handmade) card, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him.‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 猜测题意题。根据第二段学生们为Mabry庆祝生日的方式和划线词后的内容“Mabry thanked them all,”以及“They’re like my children.”可知 Mabry ‎ 爱学生，把学生当作自己的孩子。那么学生们也表达了他们对Mabry的热爱。因此Mabry被学生的爱所感动，故所以的“affection”相当于“Love”，故填love。‎ Or: liking.‎ Or: Fondness.‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的内容“...he will always stop what he’s doing to take care of a ‎ child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him, he will pause to give that boy his ‎ undivided attention. He’s the most loved one in this building.”以及最后一段“Mabry works circles ‎ around all the students, cleaning up messes others don’t want to touch. He doesn’t expect a lot.”‎ 可知，Mabry 关心爱护孩子，帮助孩子，是一个善良、热心的人。一个不怕脏不怕累、勤奋 工作的人。因此答案为：‎ ‎(Because) he loves/cares about（the）students and works hard.‎ Or: (Because) he loves the students and devoted to his work.‎ Or: (Because) he is kind/caring /helping to the students , and hard-working.‎ Or: (Because) he is regarded as a kind /warm-hearted /helpful/caring and hard-working man.‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 考查学生的观察综合表达能力。本题的题目：who is the "sunshine" in your life?”谁是你生活中的阳光？只要在生活或学习中帮助过你，关心你、爱护你的，鼓励你，安慰你的都可称为your sunshine。因此答案可为：‎ My father/mother.(Because) he/she loves me and encouraged me when I’m faced/confronted with difficulties.‎ Or: My teacher.(Because) he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career.‎ Or: My friend.(Because) he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/ help/ encouragement.‎ 第二节：书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎61.假设你是晨光中学的李津，英国友好校将派教师来你校参加为期一周的暑期交流活动。活动期间，英方教师Chris 将做一个有关西方艺术的讲座、现就讲座内容征求你校学生的意见。请根据以下提示给Chris写一封电子邮件:‎ ‎（1）你喜欢的讲座话题（从音乐、美术、舞蹈中任选其一）；‎ ‎（2）选择该话题的原因及关于该话题你感兴趣的内容；‎ ‎（3）希望从中有何收获。‎ 注意：‎ ‎（1）词数不少于100：‎ ‎（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；‎ ‎（3）开头和结尾已给出、不计入总词数。‎ Dear Chris，‎ I'm Li Jim，a student at Chenguang High School.‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Thank you for your time.‎ Yours，‎ Li Jin ‎【答案】参考答案略 ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】本题解析略。‎ ‎ ‎