2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Greatscientists单元学案设计（49页word版）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Greatscientists单元学案设计（49页word版）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Great scientists单元学案设计 单元话题阅读 Albert Einstein was born in Ulm，Germany in 1879.When he was a boy，he liked to ask questions. By the time he was fourteen years old，he had learned advanced mathematics all by himself. He wanted to be a physicist and devote himself to abstract(抽象的) research.‎ However，his family could not pay for the advanced education that young Albert needed. But his parents did manage to send him to a technical school. After graduation，he went to work. With the pay that he received，he was later able to go on with his education at the University of Zurich，where he received a doctor’s degree in 1905.This was the period when he first began the research and studies which led to his famous “Theory of Relativity”．‎ Einstein cared little for money. He once refused to speak on the radio for 1,000 a minute. Another time he was seen using a check for 1,500 as a bookmark. Then he lost the book!‎ Besides his work in physics，he spent much time working for human rights and progress.‎ Like many scientists，Einstein loved music；he played the violin fairly well. In Princeton，he lived quietly，working at the institute and enjoying himself by playing his violin in his simple home. Often there were visitors like the twelveyearold girl who，for a time，formed the habit of visiting him on her way home from school. After some time，the puzzled mother of the girl met Dr. Einstein and asked him what he and her daughter talked about. The doctor smiled and explained，“Oh，she brings me cookies，and I do her arithmetic(算术) homework for her.”‎ Such was Albert Einstein，a simple man of great achievements.‎ 阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)‎ ‎1．When Albert Einstein was very young，his family was very rich.(　F　)‎ ‎2．Einstein liked music and often enjoyed himself by playing the violin.(　T　)‎ Period One　Warming Up & Reading—Prereading ‎ ‎ 匹配左边的单词和右边的汉语意思 ‎[第一组]‎ ‎1．expert　　　　 A．vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光 ‎2．physician B．n.爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争)‎ ‎3．expose C．adj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的；n.专家；行家 ‎4．cure D．n.治愈；痊愈；vt.治愈；治疗 ‎5．outbreak E．n.医生；内科医师 答案　1.C　2.E　3.A　4.D　5.B ‎[第二组]‎ ‎6．challenge A．n.受害者 ‎7．victim B．vt.吸收；吸引；使专心 ‎8．absorb C．vt.认为；怀疑；n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯 ‎9．suspect D．n.挑战；vt.向……挑战 ‎10．enquiry E．n.询问 答案　6.D　7.A　8.B　9.C　10.E ‎[第三组]‎ ‎11．severe A．n.柄；把手；vt.处理；操纵 ‎12．pump B．vt.预见；预知 ‎13．foresee C．vt.命令；指示；教导 ‎14．handle D．n.泵；抽水机；vt.(用泵)抽(水)‎ ‎15．instruct E．adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的 答案　11.E　12.D　13.B　14.A　15.C ‎ ‎ Step 1　Fastreading ‎1．What’s the main idea of the passage?‎ A．The cause of cholera was polluted water.‎ B．John Snow was a wellknown doctor in London.‎ C．The source of all drinking water should be examined.‎ D．John Snow did some research and helped to solve “King Cholera”．‎ 答案　D ‎2．Read the passage and match the main idea of each paragraph.‎ Para.1　　 A．Offer solutions Para.2 B．Outbreak of cholera Para.3 C．Provide two control theories Para.4 D．Collect information Para.5 E．Collect results Para.6 F．Analyse the results Para.7 G．Find supporting evidence 答案　Para.1　B　Para.2　C　Para.3　D　Para.4　E　Para.5　F　Para.6　G　Para.7　A Step 2　Carefulreading Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.‎ ‎1．What was the key to help for John Snow’s discovery?‎ A．The government.‎ B．The woman who had moved away from Broad Street.‎ C．The water company.‎ D．The map made by himself.‎ 答案　D ‎2．At last，“King Cholera” was controlled by .‎ A．using medicines in hospital B．driving patients out of the country C．dealing with the polluted water D．getting rid of all kinds of pollution 答案　C ‎3．How many people died per day on average in the two streets where John Snow gathered information?‎ A．Over 500. B．Over 100.‎ C．Over 50. D．Over 25.‎ 答案　C ‎4．What conclusion did John Snow draw according to the evidence?‎ A．Cholera multiplied in the water.‎ B．Polluted water carried the virus.‎ C．A cloud of dangerous gas caused cholera.‎ D．Cholera could never be controlled even though its cause was found.‎ 答案　B Step 3　Postreading After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.‎ John Snow，a wellknown doctor in London，became 1.inspired(inspire) when he thought about helping ordinary people who 2.were exposed(expose) to cholera，a 3.deadly(dead) disease of his day. Many thousands of people died every time there was an outbreak 4.because no one knew the cause of it. John Snow wanted to help solve the problem. He got interested in two theories 5.explaining(explain) how cholera killed people. He believed 6.in the second theory that suggested that people 7.absorbed(absorb) the disease with their meals. In 1854，when another outbreak hit London，he was ready 8.to test(test) the two theories.9.With the help of the map he made，he got a valuable clue about the cause of the disease and was able to announce that the water was 10.to blame(blame)．‎ Step 4　Sentencelearning ‎1．He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.‎ ‎[句式分析]　该句为复合句。He became interested in two theories是主句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词theories；how引导的从句作explained的宾语。‎ ‎[自主翻译]　他对霍乱致人死亡的两种推测很感兴趣。‎ ‎2．A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.‎ ‎[句式分析]　该句为复合句。主干部分是A woman liked the water，为主谓宾结构。who引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰A woman；from the pump为介词短语作定语，修饰the water；so...that...为结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”；句中had it delivered...中的delivered作宾语补足语，意为“让别人送水”，此处it指代the water from the pump。‎ ‎[自主翻译]　有一位妇人是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢从那个泵里抽出来的水，每天都要派人把那里的水运到家里来。‎ ‎3．To prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.‎ ‎[句式分析]　此句是复合句，动词不定式作目的状语；that引导的是宾语从句，作suggested 的宾语，此处suggest为“建议”的意思，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”，本句中从句谓语动词用了原形动词，省略了should。‎ ‎[自主翻译]　为了防止这种情况再度发生，约翰•斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Since 2000，we’ve gotten many wonderful things like smartphones and driverless cars. But what about what we’ve lost？Let’s look at the following things.‎ Calculators They are like tiny computers whose only job is to do math. That is literally all they do. Sure，they could make some amusing swear words.8008 looks like BOOB. And type in 7734 and then turn the calculator upside down and it looks like HELL. But you definitely couldn’t get the weather or your email.‎ The busy signal Back in the days of landlines，calling somebody and getting a busy signal used to be annoying. But today，in an age of digital phones，we’d give anything to hear a busy signal，because if you hear one，you have some solid information. The person you are trying to reach is home，just on another call. Going straight to voicemail can mean anything. But that beepbeepbeep is a reason for hope!‎ Computer labs In high schools and colleges in the past，there was a specific room where they kept all the computers. Nobody had his or her own computer. Back then that was as absurd as saying “I could fly commercial，but I prefer to fly my own plane.” So you went to these rooms and used one of the computers，and then you left and you didn’t have access to a computer again until you went back to that room！Nowadays everyone has his or her own computer.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。随着科技的进步，许多东西已经不适合这个时代了，文章介绍了其中三件几乎已经过时的东西。‎ ‎1．Calculators are rejected mainly because .‎ A．they are not easy to keep B．they have only one function C．they are not of good quality D．they have the wrong weather report 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的介绍可知，计算器只有计算功能，偶尔可以用来拼写几个有趣的脏话。除此之外，别无他用。由此可知，功能单一是计算器被淘汰的理由。故选B项。‎ ‎2．What can we know from the last paragraph?‎ A．People liked to travel by air in the past.‎ B．Few people had time to joke with each other.‎ C．Few people liked to use a computer then.‎ D．No student had a personal computer then.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“In high schools and colleges in the past...Nobody had his or her own computer.”可知，那个时候，没有学生拥有私人电脑。故选D项。‎ ‎3．What do the three things have in common according to the passage?‎ A．They have nearly become out of date.‎ B．They have been hitech products.‎ C．They have helped develop the economy.‎ D．They have promoted modern technology.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。文章介绍的这三件东西都是几乎已经过时的东西。故选A项。‎ B Madame Curie，the youngest of the five children，was born in Warsaw，Poland in 1867.Marie Curie’s maiden name was Manya. Her parents were teachers，and she learned the importance of education at a very early age. No higher education was offered to women in Poland at that time，so Manya took a job as a tutor. She sent part of her income to Paris to help pay for her elder sister’s medical studies. Her sister qualified as a doctor and married a fellow doctor in 1891.Manya went to joined them in Paris，changing her name to Marie.‎ She entered the Sorbonne (now the University of Paris) and studied physics and mathematics，graduating at the top of her class. For the research she wanted to do，she was introduced to another young scientist，Pierre Curie. Later，they fell in love with each other.‎ After she was rewarded the Nobel Prize，fame troubled Marie Curie and also her husband，because science was their world and in this world of science，fame and honor to persons had no value. One day when a writer for a newspaper tried to ask Marie about herself，her thoughts and her beliefs，she answered him，“In science we must be interested in things，not in persons.” Much of the real character and spirit of this unusual woman was found in these few words，which she was later often to repeat. One evening，at a big party，a friend asked if she would like to meet the King of Greece，who was also a guest. She answered in her simple manner，“I don’t see the value of it.” Then，seeing that she hurt the feeling of her friend，she quickly added，“But...but...of course，I shall do whatever you please. Just as you please.”‎ 语篇解读　居里夫人是一位伟大的科学家。本文简要介绍了她在成为科学家前后的生活。从她的言辞中可以看出她淡泊名利的个性和人品。‎ ‎4．What did Marie Curie once do to help pay for her elder sister’s medical studies?‎ A．She was a teacher.‎ B．She was a doctor.‎ C．She was a tutor.‎ D．She was a waitress.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第四句和第五句可知，居里夫人曾经做过家庭女教师，并用自己的部分收入资助姐姐上学。‎ ‎5．What was valuable to Marie Curie?‎ A．Science and research.‎ B．Fame and honor.‎ C．Character and spirits.‎ D．Persons and things.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段首句可推知，居里夫人和她丈夫更看重科学和研究，名利对他们来说没有任何价值。‎ ‎6．The writer for a newspaper was interested in .‎ A．things B．Marie Curie C．Marie’s husband D．persons 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，给报社写稿的人试图向居里夫人了解有关她的情况，故可推知，这个人关注的是“人”。‎ ‎7．What do you think might have happened between Marie Curie and the King of Greece?‎ A．The King was angry with Marie Curie.‎ B．For the sake of her friend Marie Curie met the King of Greece.‎ C．The King of Greece wrote a letter to invite Marie Curie to meet him.‎ D．Marie Curie held another party for the King.‎ 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可推知，居里夫人不忍心伤害朋友的感情，她会顺从朋友，去见希腊国王。‎ C Have you ever thought about how hats came to be？Who was the first person ever to think “I’d like to walk about today with a fitted piece of material on my head”？‎ Of course，no one really knows who first invented hats or when they did so. It was probably one of the first prehistoric(史前的) humans who first used an animal skin to protect his head from the sun.‎ Historians can prove the fact that hats have been around for a long，long time. In fact，hats have played an important role throughout the development of civilization. Historians have found hats in the artwork of ancient civilizations，including Egypt，Greece，Rome and China.‎ The first hats were probably used for special purposes，such as protection from nature and the weather. It probably wasn’t long，though，before hats became both a fashion statement and a status symbol.‎ For example，ancient artwork from Egypt reveals gods and kings wearing fancy hats. In ancient Rome and Greece，the lowest levels of society were not allowed to wear hats. Upon becoming official citizens，however，they were presented with a hat as a symbol of their newlyachieved status.‎ Over the ages，hats have been made of just about every material you could think of. One of the first popular materials for hats was probably straw(稻草)．An ancient painting found on the wall of a tomb in Thebes in ancient Egypt shows a man wearing a straw hat.‎ Today，hats can be found in millions of varieties. From sock hats，baseball hats and protective helmets to cowboy hats，it’s not uncommon to find a dozen or more ‎ different types of hats in a typical home. Their uses today range from protection and function to status symbols and fashion statements.‎ 语篇解读　文章介绍了帽子的发展史。历经多年，帽子的品质发生了很多变化，时代赋予帽子的意义也变得不同。‎ ‎8．The author introduces the topic of the text by .‎ A．telling a story B．asking some questions C．taking some examples D．showing some puzzles 答案　B 解析　写作手法题。第一段中连续提出的两个问题都和帽子有关，下文便介绍了帽子的发展史。由此可推知，作者通过提问题的方式引出文章的主题。‎ ‎9．Who were allowed to wear hats in ancient Greece?‎ A．The officials. B．The artists.‎ C．The peasants. D．The customers.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段最后两句可知，在古希腊，只有官员才可以戴帽子。‎ ‎10．What kind of hats might be popular in ancient Egypt?‎ A．Sock hats.‎ B．Baseball hats.‎ C．The straw hats.‎ D．The hats made of animal skin.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句和第三句可推知，在古埃及，受大众喜爱的可能是草帽。‎ ‎11．What can be concluded from the last paragraph?‎ A．There are many kinds of hats now.‎ B．Modern hats are strange sometimes.‎ C．Fewer people wear hats any longer.‎ D．Hats are becoming more and more expensive.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段首句可以推知，现在帽子的种类繁多。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 Scientists often see the first ten years of a child’s life as the “window of opportunity”． 12 .And studies show that the following activities can be good for their brain greatly.‎ ‎ 13 ‎ Free playtime has always been an important part of “being a kid”，but it is also important to a child’s development.“Free play” not only helps kids develop different skills，but also helps them develop into happy healthy adults in the future.‎ Read with kids Reading has long been known to improve children’s intelligence. 14 .For parents who don’t have much time，just keeping your kids around books goes a long way too.‎ Put kids to bed early ‎ 15 .Preschool children should get at least 11 hours of sleep and kids up to age 12 should try to get at least 10 hours of sleep.‎ Learn a second language Early studies in this field have shown that bilingual(会说两种语言的) kids can perform better under pressure. Young children can learn new languages with nearly perfect fluency(流利) and pronunciation.‎ Praise good effort not intelligence Your kids may be smart but you should mainly praise the effort they put into tasks. Kids，who are praised on intelligence，often feel it is a fixed quality，and mistakes or failures badly hurt their selfconfidence. Kids who are praised on effort often focus more on learning. 16 .‎ A．Play some helpful games B．Give kids enough playtime C．And they are not afraid to fail and try again D．Kids still need time away from the TV to do homework E．Kids who read often develop earlier writing and number skills as well F．Everything at this time is very important to the development of a person’s brain G．Studies show that kids with regular bedtimes are better at languages，math and reading 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了人生的前十年被看作是“机会之窗”，在这个时期，每件事情都对孩子的大脑发育起重要作用。文章列举了几条有利于孩子的大脑健康发展的建议。‎ ‎12．答案　F 解析　根据上句可知，科学家们常常把孩子生命的前十年看作是“机会之窗”，这说明人生的前十年很重要，F项“这个时期的每一件事情对人脑的发育都很重要”符合语境。故选F。‎ ‎13．答案　B 解析　根据本段内容，尤其是“Free playtime has always been an important part of ‘being a kid’”可知，自由玩耍的时间对孩子来说特别重要。故B项最适合作本段的小标题。故选B。‎ ‎14．答案　E 解析　根据上句可知，人们很早就知道阅读有助于提高孩子的智商。E项“经常阅读的孩子也会发展早期的写作和数字技能”说明阅读对孩子有积极的影响。故选E。‎ ‎15．答案　G 解析　根据下句可知，学龄前儿童每天应该有至少11个小时的睡眠，12岁的孩子应该尽量有至少10个小时的睡眠。G项“研究显示睡眠时间有规律的孩子在语言、数学和阅读方面发展得更好”与下句共同说明睡眠的重要性。故选G。‎ ‎16．答案　C 解析　空前提到被表扬努力的孩子经常会把更多的精力集中在学习上，C项“而且他们不害怕失败，不害怕再次尝试”与本段中“被表扬聪明的孩子会因为错误或失败而使自信心受到打击”形成对比，符合语境。故选C。‎ Period Two　 Warming Up & Reading—Language points ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共15小题；每题1分，满分15分)‎ ‎1．characteristic n．特征；特性 ‎2．radium n．镭 ‎3．analyse vt.分析 ‎4．infect vt.传染；感染 ‎5．physician n．医生；内科医师 ‎6．deadly adj.致命的 ‎7．victim n．受害者 ‎8．enquiry n．询问 ‎9．neighbourhood n．附近；邻近 ‎10．severe adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的 ‎11．clue n．线索；提示 ‎12．pump n．泵；抽水机；vt.(用泵)抽(水)‎ ‎13．foresee vt.预见；预知 ‎14．investigate vt.& vi.调查 ‎15．germ n．微生物；细菌 Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共15小题；每题2分，满分30分)‎ ‎16．painter n．画家；油漆匠→paint vt.画；粉刷 ‎17．scientific adj.科学的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家 ‎18．conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出→conclusion n．结论；结束 ‎19．defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫；n.失败 ‎20．expert adj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的；n.专家；行家 ‎21．attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加 ‎22．curen.治愈；痊愈；vt.治愈；治疗 ‎23．challenge n．挑战；vt.向……挑战 ‎24．suspect vt.怀疑；n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯 ‎25．blame vt.责备；谴责；n.过失；责备 ‎26．pollute vt.污染；弄脏→pollution n．污染；污染物 ‎27. handle n．柄；把手；vt.处理；操纵 ‎28．link vt.& n．连接；联系 ‎ ‎29．announce vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．宣布；通告 ‎30．instruct vt.命令；指示；教导→instruction n．命令；指示 Ⅲ.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)‎ ‎31．put forward提出 ‎32．reach/come to/arrive at/draw a conclusion得出结论 ‎33．expose...to使显露；暴露 ‎34．link...to...将……和……联系或连接起来 ‎35．be/get/become absorbed in专心致志于 ‎36．in conclusion＝to conclude总之，最后 ‎37．cure sb. of sth.治愈某人的某种疾病；矫正/改正某人的不良行为 ‎38．suspect sb. of (doing) sth.怀疑某人(做)某事 ‎39．be to blame (for sth.)(对某事)负有责任，应受责备 ‎40．make an announcement下通知；宣布 Ⅳ.完成句子(共5小题；每题7分，满分35分)‎ ‎41．But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.‎ 但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。‎ ‎42．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.‎ 人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。‎ ‎43．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.‎ 所以每次暴发(霍乱)时，都有大批惊恐的百姓病死。‎ ‎44．A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.‎ 有一位妇人是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢从那个泵里抽出来的水，每天都要派人把那里的水运到家里来。‎ ‎45．To prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.‎ 为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰•斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。‎ ‎ ‎ 重点词汇 ‎ Who put forward a theory about black holes？谁提出了关于黑洞的理论？‎ put forward提出；推荐；把钟/表拨快；将……提前 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句子中put forward的汉语意思 ‎ (1)Can you put her forward as our secretary of the club？推荐 ‎(2)They have put forward the wedding by two weeks.将……提前 ‎(3)We put our watches forward by two hours.拨快 ‎(4)The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.提出 put down写下；放下；镇压 put off推迟，延期 put out熄灭，扑灭；生产 put up张贴；搭起，建起；留某人过夜 ‎(5)The sports meeting has been put off because of the heavy rain.‎ 运动会已经因为大雨而延期了。‎ ‎(6)Ten minutes later，the firefighters arrived and the big fire was put out.‎ 十分钟后，消防队员赶到，大火被扑灭了。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(7)The theory ∧which/that 或was put forward yesterday sounded interesting.‎ ‎ Draw a conclusion得出结论 conclusion n．结论；结束 ‎※reach/come to/arrive at/draw a conclusion得出结论 in conclusion＝to conclude总之，最后 ‎※conclude v．结束；推断出，断定 conclude...from...从……中推断出……‎ conclude (from sth.) that...(从某事中)推断出……；(从某事中)断定……‎ conclude sth.with.../by doing...以……结束……‎ ‎(1)He concluded/drew a conclusion that the film Wolf Warrior Ⅱ was well worth seeing.‎ 他得出结论：电影《战狼2》很值得一看。‎ ‎(2)What can we conclude from the conversation?‎ 我们能从这次谈话中得出什么结论？‎ ‎(3)He concluded his speech with a famous saying.‎ 他用一句著名的谚语结束了演讲。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)In a conclusion，the ceremony is a great success.‎ ‎ JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”约翰•斯诺战胜“霍乱王”‎ defeat vt.打败，战胜；使受挫；使困惑；n.失败 ‎(1)It was the last question on the paper that defeated me that day.‎ 那天考卷上最后一道题把我难住了。‎ ‎(2)The girl was let down by this defeat.‎ 这次失败让这个女孩很是沮丧。‎ ‎(3)The player was defeated(defeat) in the game，but he didn’t lose heart.‎ 这个运动员在比赛中被打败了，但是他没有气馁。‎ ‎ John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.‎ 约翰•斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人医生。‎ attend vt.出席；参加；vt.& vi.照顾；护理；vi.处理 attend a meeting/a lecture/school参加会议/听报告/上学 attend to sb./sth.照料……；处理……；招待……‎ attend (on/upon) sb.伺候某人，照顾某人 ‎(1)Later，when Hannah attended school，she saw another homeless person.(2017•北京)‎ 后来，汉娜去上学时看到了另一个无家可归的人。‎ ‎(2)She was praised for having attended (on/upon)/to her sick mother.‎ 她照顾生病的母亲，受到人们的称赞。‎ ‎(3)I can’t go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to attend to.今晚我不能和你一起出去，因为我有一件急事要处理。‎ ‎[熟词生义]　写出句子中attend的汉语意思 ‎(4)I have a fever attending a cough.＝I have a fever that attends a cough. 伴随发生 ‎[易混辨析]　attend，join，join in，take part in ‎※attend用来表示“出席，参加(会议、讲座、婚礼等)正式场合”，也指去听报告。‎ ‎※join表示参加某一团体，并作为其中一个成员，如：入党、入团、参军和参加俱乐部等；如果后接人，则表示参加某人的活动。‎ ‎※join in 后接活动，强调与他人一起参与某一活动。‎ ‎※take part in 后接活动，尤指多人参加的群众性大型活动。‎ ‎[选词填空]　attend，join，join in，take part in ‎(5)My father joined the local club two years ago.‎ ‎(6)Why didn’t you join in the talk last night?‎ ‎(7)We will take part in social activities during the coming vacation.‎ ‎(8)He will attend an important meeting tomorrow.‎ ‎ But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.‎ 但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。‎ expose vt.暴露；揭露，揭发；使曝光；使接触；使体验 expose...to...使显露；暴露；使接触 be exposed to 暴露于；感染 ‎(1)The mother tries to expose her children to some good books.这位母亲尽量让孩子们多接触好书。‎ ‎(2)I tell him I will expose him to the police.‎ 我告诉他我要到警察那里揭发他。‎ ‎(3)Being exposed(expose) to sunlight for long will do harm to one’s skin.‎ 长时间暴露于太阳光照中会对一个人的皮肤有害。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)You should try not to make your children exposingexposed to violence.‎ ‎[高级表达]‎ ‎(5)Young people may risk going deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.(改为分词短语作状语)‎ ‎→Exposed to very loud music every day，young people may risk going deaf.‎ ‎→Exposing themselves to very loud music every day，young people may risk going deaf.‎ ‎ Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.‎ 人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。‎ cure n．治愈；痊愈；治疗方法；vt.治愈；治疗；纠正/去除(弊端等)‎ a cure for...……的治疗方法；治愈……的方法 cure sb.of sth.治愈某人的某种疾病；矫正/改正某人的不良行为 ‎(1)She hopes the doctor can cure the pain in her shoulder.她希望医生能治好她肩上的疼痛。‎ ‎(2)There is no effective cure for colds except rest.‎ 除了多休息没有有效的方法可以治疗感冒。‎ ‎(3)The doctor who cured him of his illness was very experienced.治好他的病的那位医生非常有经验。‎ ‎[易混辨析]　cure，treat ‎※cure意为“治愈”，侧重“治愈”的结果，可构成cure sb.of sth.结构；常指治愈疾病、痛苦或革除恶习、弊害等。‎ ‎※treat意为“治疗”，强调“治疗”的动作，可构成treat sb.for sth.。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)Can you find a way to cure the boy for of his bad habit?‎ ‎(5)The old professor treated the boy with for his cancer.‎ ‎ The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.‎ 第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。‎ absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；理解，掌握 absorb...into...把……吸入……‎ absorb...from...从……吸收……‎ be/get/become absorbed in专心致志于 absorb oneself in 专心致志于 ‎(1)Our good learning habits will make us absorb knowledge completely.我们良好的学习习惯会使我们把知识消化得更透彻。‎ ‎(2)We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together.(2018•全国Ⅲ)‎ 我们两人都专注于一起简单地玩耍。‎ ‎(3)As we all know，plants can absorb nutrients from the earth around it.‎ 众所周知，植物能从周围的土壤中吸收养分。‎ ‎[高级表达]‎ ‎(4)Tom was so absorbed in his work that he forgot to inform her of it.‎ ‎→So absorbed was Tom in his work that he forgot to inform her of it.(含so...that...的倒装句)‎ ‎→So absorbed in his work，Tom forgot to inform her of it.(用形容词短语作状语)‎ ‎→Absorbing himself in his work，Tom forgot to inform her of it.(用分词短语作状语)‎ ‎ John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.‎ 约翰•斯诺认为第二种说法是正确的，但是他需要证据。‎ suspect vt.认为；怀疑；n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯 suspect that...怀疑……；认为……‎ suspect sb.of (doing) sth.怀疑某人(做)某事 ‎(1)The police took the suspect to the police station.‎ 警察把这个嫌疑犯带到了警察局。‎ ‎(2)Suspected(suspect) of cheating in the exam，the boy was taken to the office.‎ 被怀疑在考试中作弊，男孩被带到了办公室。‎ ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(3)我怀疑这个女孩向我们撒谎了。‎ ‎①I suspected that the girl had lied to us.(含宾语从句)‎ ‎②I suspected the girl of lying to us.(简单句)‎ ‎ It seemed that the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。‎ blame vt.责备；谴责；n.过失；责备 be to blame (for sth.)(对某事)负有责任，应受责备 blame sb. for sth.因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人 blame sth. on sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事 put/lay the blame for sth. on sb.将某事归咎于某人 ‎(1)Some social app companies were to blame because they didn’t adequately check their users’ registration.(2018•江苏)‎ 一些开发社交应用程序的公司应该负责任，因为他们对用户的注册信息审核不够严格。‎ ‎(2)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame on the alarm clock.(2017•全国Ⅲ)‎ 很多人发现早上起床很难，并把这归咎于闹钟。‎ ‎(3)Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.‎ 许多孩子害怕讲英语时因犯错误而受责备。‎ ‎(4)Blamed(blame) by his teacher，the boy was in low spirits.被老师责备后，这个男孩心情低落。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(5)Police are blaming the accident toon dangerous driving.‎ ‎ With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the germs.有了这个额外的证据，约翰•斯诺就能够肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。‎ announce vt.宣布；通告 ‎※announce sth.to sb.向某人宣告某事 announce that...宣布……‎ It is announced that...据宣布……‎ ‎※announcement n．宣布；通告；声明 make an announcement下通知；宣布 ‎(1)We are pleased to announce that all five players were successful.‎ 我们高兴地宣布五位运动员都成功了。‎ ‎(2)It was announced that Tu Youyou was the first Chinese to win the Nobel Prize in Medicine.‎ 据宣布，屠呦呦是第一位获得诺贝尔医学奖的中国人。‎ ‎(3)The leader is making an important announcement at the moment.‎ 这位领导此刻正在下达重要的通知。‎ ‎[易混辨析]　announce，declare ‎※announce多指提前宣布或公开宣告大家关心的事。‎ ‎※declare 一般指在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度，后可跟复合宾语，还有“断言，宣称”之意。‎ ‎[选词填空]　announce，declare ‎(4)The government has announced plans to create 10,000 new jobs.‎ ‎(5)In September,1939 Britain declared war on Germany.‎ 经典句式 ‎ So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.‎ 所以每次暴发(霍乱)时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。‎ every time是名词短语，作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次……时”。each time，any time，the first time，last time，next time，immediately，the moment，‎ directly，instantly和every time的用法一样，作连词，引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎(1)The moment the player got out of the airport，he was surrounded by his fans.‎ 这位运动员一出机场，就被他的粉丝围住了。‎ ‎(2)Next time you come，do remember to bring your son here.‎ 下次来的时候，一定记着把你儿子带来。‎ ‎(3)I fell in love with this city the first time I saw it.‎ 我第一次见到这个城市就喜欢上了它。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)Every time when he meets me，he always nods to me.‎ ‎ A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.‎ 有一位妇人是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢从那个泵里抽出来的水，每天都要派人把那里的水运到家里来。‎ have sth. done表示让别人做某事，也可表示遭遇某事，或只表示某事被做过或做完的状态。在此结构中过去分词作宾语补足语。‎ have sb./sth. doing sth.使某人/某物一直做某事 won’t/can’t have sb. doing sth.不能容忍某人做某事 have sth.to do 有事情要做 have sb.do sth.让某人做某事 ‎(1)You can have your brother help you with your English.你可以让你哥哥帮你学英语。‎ ‎(2)I won’t have you speaking(speak) to your dad like that.我不允许你对你的父亲那样讲话。‎ ‎(3)Attention，please! I have something important to tell(tell) you.‎ 请注意！我有重要的事情要告诉你们。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)They were so frightened that they had the light burned burning the whole night.‎ ‎(5)Your hair is too long. You’d better have someone to cut it.‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．The young man was suspected(suspect)of stealing money from that apartment and was arrested.‎ ‎2．The mother tried many ways to help cure her son of his reading problem.‎ ‎3．In conclusion(conclude)，you must convince me of your ability before you are employed.‎ ‎4．It was Emma who was to blame(blame) for the accident.‎ ‎5．When exposed(expose) to stress，in whatever form，all of us react both chemically and physically.‎ ‎6．Absorbed(absorb) in her thought，she pumped into a tree.‎ ‎7．The number of foreign students attending(attend) Chinese universities has been rising steadily since 1997.‎ ‎8．Many children fell ill because of having drunk the water polluted(pollute) by the ‎ chemical factory.‎ ‎9．It is characteristic of him to have others handle(handle) difficult situations.‎ ‎10．He made his announcement(announce) after he talked with the President.‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 ‎11．I’ll ask someone to fix my roof tomorrow.‎ ‎→I’ll have my roof fixed tomorrow.‎ ‎12．Tom is not going to see the film this weekend and his classmates are not going either.‎ ‎→Neither Tom nor his classmates are going to see the film this weekend.‎ ‎13．The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith.‎ ‎→The man who/that was seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith.‎ ‎14．It seemed that everyone was satisfied.‎ ‎→Everyone seemed to be satisfied.‎ ‎15．Nowadays，shopping online is popular enough to have become a part of our life.‎ ‎→Nowadays，shopping online is so popular that it has become a part of our life.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．With the teacher instructing(指导) them，the students have made great progress in English.‎ ‎2．We are taking steps to prevent air from being polluted(污染)．‎ ‎3．Mr Wang is just one of the victims(受害者)，from whose house the thieves stole money and other valuables.‎ ‎4．Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle(处理) whatever is ahead of you for the day.‎ ‎5．The army was welltrained and wellarmed，and had little difficulty defeating(打败) the enemy.‎ ‎6．The farmers in this area had a good harvest last year thanks to the scientific(科学的) farming.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 draw a conclusion，be exposed to，put forward，be absorbed in，be blamed for ‎7．In the meeting，we put forward some advice on how to improve our work.‎ ‎8．I drew a conclusion from the facts that he was hardworking.‎ ‎9．The managing director was blamed for the accident，although it was not really his fault.‎ ‎10．He was absorbed in his work and didn’t notice a visitor come in.‎ ‎11．—Nowadays more and more people would like to live in the countryside.‎ ‎—Yeah.You’d be exposed to less pollution if you moved to a village with pure water and air.‎ Ⅲ.单句语法填空 ‎12．It is said that 90% of the patients can be cured of the disease.‎ ‎13．To make his courses clearer，he asked his assistants to translate all his data reports and operational instructions(instruct) into Chinese.‎ ‎14．Since the country’s new plan was announced(announce) last year，“big data” has ‎ become a popular term in Guiyang.‎ ‎15．When I woke up，I found my watch gone.I suspected Tom of stealing it.‎ ‎16．Experts believe that the illness is linked(link) to the use of chemical pesticide.‎ Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎17．Every time they quarreled，he would go away angrily，but would come back to her afterwards.(every time)‎ 每次他们吵架，他就生气地走开，但之后还是会回到她身边。‎ ‎18．The old scientist is so absorbed in his work that he always forgets to rest and eat.(so...that...)‎ 这位老科学家非常专注于自己的工作，以至于他常常废寝忘食。‎ ‎19．They bought a truckload of food and had it delivered to the church’s parking lot.(have sth.done)‎ 他们买了一卡车的食物，并请人送到了教会的停车场。‎ ‎20．It seemed/seems that his wife was/is to blame for that matter.(seem；blame)(2018•湖南长沙一中高二期末)‎ 似乎他的妻子应该对那件事负责。‎ ‎21．Neither he nor his parents are going to travel this holiday because they are too busy.‎ ‎(neither...nor...)‎ 他和他的父母这个假期都不会去旅游，因为他们都太忙了。‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅴ.阅读理解 For years scientists have been worrying about the effects of air pollution on the earth’s natural conditions. Some believe the air inside many houses may be more dangerous than the air outside. It may be one hundred times worse.‎ Indoor air pollution can cause a person to feel tired，to suffer eye pain，headache and other problems. Some pollutants can cause breathing disorders，diseases of blood and even cancer. Most scientists agree that every modern house has some kind of indoor pollution.‎ People have paid more attention to the problem now. It is true that when builders began making houses and offices they did not waste energy. To do this，they built buildings that limited the flow of air between inside and outside. They also began using manmade building materials. These materials are now known to let out harmful gases.‎ As the problem became more serious，scientists began searching for a way to deal with it. They discovered a natural pollution control system for building—green plants. Scientists do not really know how plants control air pollution. They believe that a plant’s leaves absorb or take in the pollutants. In exchange the plant lets out oxygen through its leaves and through its tiny organizations on its roots. Scientists suggest that all buildings should have one large plant or several small plants inside for every nine square metres of space. Studies of different plants show that each absorbs different chemicals.‎ So the most effective way to clean the air is to use different kinds of plants. Having green plants inside your house can make it a prettier and more healthy place.‎ 语篇解读　文章主要讲述了室内污染的危害及有效的解决措施。‎ ‎22．Some kind of indoor pollution can be found in .‎ A．every modern house B．every old house C．all kinds of houses D．all kinds of offices 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。由第二段的最后一句“Most scientists agree that every modern house has some kind of indoor pollution.”可知，室内污染存在于每个现代的房屋之中。故选A。‎ ‎23．Generally speaking，indoor air pollution may be more harmful than the air pollution outside because .‎ A．the indoor air pollution can make a person seriously ill B．the manmade building materials give off dangerous gases C．there may be more harmful gases outside the buildings D．the indoor air is polluted，which is very harmful 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To do this，they built buildings that limited the flow of air between inside and outside...These materials are now known to let out harmful gases.”可知选B。‎ ‎24．The reason why we should use different kinds of plants to clean the air is that .‎ A．plants can let out all kinds of pollutants indoors B．plants may take in more oxygen which people need C．plants can absorb harmful indoor chemicals D．plants can make our houses prettier 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。由倒数第二段最后一句以及本文最后一段可知选C。‎ Ⅵ.完形填空 What do you think of Bill Gates？You might think of him as a hardworking 25 of Microsoft or a technological genius， 26 one thing you might not know about him is that he’s one of the world’s 27 men who left Microsoft to donate billions of dollars and 28 the world by creating new inventions.‎ In 2014 Bill Gates’ wife，Melinda Gates， 29 Bill to quit Microsoft and work with her to help what Bill Gates 30 the Bottom Two Billion. The Bottom Two Billion 31 a third of the world’s population that live with less than 2 US dollars a day. These people 32 live in areas where electricity is rare and disease is far and wide.‎ One of the 33 to diseases are vaccines(疫苗)，which help the body get over the disease. A problem 34 with vaccines because they need to be kept 35 to remain functional. When electricity is rare，it’s often very hard to keep refrigerators 36 .One way Gates has proposed is something he calls the “Super Thermos”．It’s a strong heatresistant thermos 37 from the same material spaceships use to meet the 38 .This thermos can keep vaccines cold for 50 days.‎ Another problem for the Bottom Two Billion is 39 .From the 1960s to 1980s，there was an agricultural revolution，which has 40 a lot of new ways to produce crops faster. This meant that the world thought the food 41 problem in Africa was gone but this was 42 the case. The way Gates plans to solve this problem is to talk to each farmer one by one，discuss their unique 43 ，and give the farmers heartier seeds that grow better on the 44 soil in that area. Doing this will help the farmers grow crops faster and better.‎ 语篇解读　我们熟知的世界首富比尔•盖茨并不仅仅是一个金钱持有者，他还为世界慈善事业作出了很大的贡献，为世界上需要帮助的人带来了希望。‎ ‎25．A. officer B．official C．millionaire D．founder 答案　D 解析　根据常识可知，比尔•盖茨是微软公司的创始人，所以此处用founder。‎ ‎26．A.so B．and C．but D．or 答案　C 解析　根据上下文可知，“大家都熟知比尔•盖茨是微软公司的创始人”与“有一点并不是所有的人都知道”之间是逻辑上的转折关系，所以此处用but。‎ ‎27．A. richest B．busiest C．kindest D．hardest 答案　A 解析　结合生活常识和空后的内容可知，比尔•盖茨是世上“最富的”人之一，他离开了微软公司，去做慈善。‎ ‎28．A. watching B．helping C．missing D．visiting 答案　B 解析　根据后文内容，尤其是后文中的“help the body defeat the disease”及文章最后一句“Doing this will help the farmers grow crops faster and better.”可知，比尔•盖茨是通过创造新的发明而“帮助”世界的。‎ ‎29．A. permitted B．forced C．persuaded D．required 答案　C 解析　根据空后的“quit Microsoft and work with her”和下文中的行动可推知，比尔•盖茨的妻子说服(persuade)了他与自己一起做慈善。‎ ‎30．A. sells B．plans C．designs D．calls 答案　D 解析　根据下文介绍的the Bottom Two Billion的意思可知，此处指被比尔•盖茨称作Bottom Two Billion的事物，故用call。‎ ‎31．A. consists of B．thinks of C．accuses of D．complains of 答案　A 解析　根据下文介绍的the Bottom Two Billion的意思可知，此处指Bottom Two ‎ Billion的构成部分。consist of...由……构成。‎ ‎32．A. probably B．originally C．recently D．mainly 答案　D 解析　联系上下文的意思可知，此处指这些人主要居住在电力稀缺、疾病横行的地方。故选D项。‎ ‎33．A. medicines B．efforts C．solutions D．secrets 答案　C 解析　根据下文中的“help the body get over the disease”可推知，这里指的是解决疾病的方法。故选C。‎ ‎34．A. disappears B．appears C．discovers D．covers 答案　B 解析　根据下一句中的“When electricity is rare，it’s often very hard to keep refrigerators ”可推知，伴随疫苗出现(appear)了一个难题。‎ ‎35．A. cold B．covers C．safe D．warm 答案　A 解析　根据下文出现的“refrigerators”和本段最后一句中的“keep vaccines cold for 50 days”可推知，疫苗必须在低温下保存。故选A项。‎ ‎36．A. racing B．flying C．running D．resting 答案　C 解析　根据空前的内容可知，当电力稀缺时，冰箱很难正常运转。故选C项。‎ ‎37．A. separated B．made C．recovered D．resulted 答案　B 解析　根据空后的“from the same material spaceships use”可知，这种特殊的保温瓶是选用制造宇宙飞船的同等材料做成的，故用make。‎ ‎38．A. requirements B．satisfactions C．opportunities D．deadlines 答案　A 解析　根据疫苗的保存要求可知，“超级保温瓶”选用特殊材料制造是为了满足疫苗的保存要求。故选A项。‎ ‎39．A. science B．education C．industry D．agriculture 答案　D 解析　根据下文介绍的农业方面的变革可知，此处指另一个问题是有关农业的。‎ ‎40．A. delayed B．introduced C．imagined D．recorded 答案　B 解析　根据空后的“a lot of new ways to produce crops faster”可知，这里指农业方面的变革引进(introduce)了许多快速生产粮食的新方法。‎ ‎41．A. supply B．health C．quality D．cleanness 答案　A 解析　根据上一句可推知，农业变革引进了新的增产粮食的方法，这样能提高粮食产量。这样全世界都认为非洲的粮食“供应”问题已经解决了。‎ ‎42．A. constantly B．generally C．hardly D．actually 答案　C 解析　联系空前的but表示的转折意义可推知，人们以为粮食供应问题已经得到了解决，但事实上并非如此。这里用hardly表示否定。‎ ‎43．A. dreams B．drugs C．crops D．needs 答案　D 解析　根据上下文可推知，比尔•盖茨通过和每个农民聊天了解他们特有的需要，然后给予帮助。‎ ‎44．A. rich B．poor C．narrow D．high 答案　B 解析　结合常识可知，非洲的土地较为贫瘠，所以很难长出优质的庄稼。这里用poor形容土地贫瘠。‎ Ⅶ.语法填空 Now whenever I get close to losing my 45. (patient)，I’ll think of a report that I watched on TV years ago. It 46. (report) that nearly 100,000 people died from traffic accidents that year，causing a lot of damage and pain for individuals and society. Road safety has aroused 47. (wide) attention of the public than ever before. In recent years，many rules 48. (make) to reduce the traffic crashes，especially for the ones 49. (involve) in the pedestrians. As far as I’m concerned，we should take road safety 50. (serious) in our daily life. While 51. (use) the road，we must walk on the pavement，take notice of the traffic lights and learn to protect ourselves. Besides，car drivers should obey the traffic rules，52. is both good for themselves and others. Above all，we should teach our children to treasure life and get to know and obey the traffic rules.‎ All in all，life is so precious that we can’t afford to lose it. Obeying the traffic rules is 53. all of us should pay attention to particularly. Only by attaching great importance to traffic safety can we all live 54. better life.‎ 语篇解读　作者在本文中介绍了遵守交通规则、珍惜生命的重要性。‎ ‎45．答案　patience 解析　考查名词。形容词性物主代词my后接名词。patience n．耐心。‎ ‎46．答案　was reported 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处是句型“It was reported that...”，意为“据报道……”。‎ ‎47．答案　wider 解析　考查形容词的比较级。根据空后的attention和than可知，此处用比较级。‎ ‎48．答案　have been made 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句中的in recent years可知，用现在完成时，且rules和make是动宾关系，故此处是被动意义。故用现在完成时的被动语态。‎ ‎49．答案　involved 解析　考查非谓语动词。involve vt.使卷入，与the ones之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎50．答案　seriously 解析　考查副词。此处是副词修饰动词take。take...seriously 重视……。‎ ‎51．答案　using 解析　考查状语从句的省略。此处完整句为：While we are using the road，we must...。‎ ‎52．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句的引导词。此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代上文的整件事情，且在从句中作主语。‎ ‎53．答案　what 解析　考查名词性从句。此处引导表语从句且在从句中作pay attention to的宾语，故用what。‎ ‎54．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。live a．..life过……的生活，是固定搭配。‎ Period Three　Learning about Language & Using Language ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)‎ ‎1．firework n．烟火(燃放)‎ ‎2．chart n．图表 ‎3．creative adj. 有创造力的；创造性的；独创的 ‎4．cooperative adj.合作的 ‎5．revolutionary adj.革命的；重大变革的 ‎6．loop n．圈；环 ‎7．privately adv.私下地；秘密地 ‎8．spin vi.& vt.(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)‎ ‎9．reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃 ‎10．universe n．宇宙；世界 Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共15小题；每题2分，满分30分)‎ ‎11．responsible adj.有责任的；负责的 ‎12．construct vt.建设；修建→construction n．建设；建筑物 ‎13．contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution n．贡献 ‎14. positive adj.积极的；肯定的；确实的 ‎15．movement n．移动；运动；动作 ‎16．backward adv.& adj.向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的)‎ ‎17．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的 ‎18．cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的→caution n．小心；谨慎 ‎19．characteristic n．特征；特性 ‎20．physician n．医生；内科医师 ‎21．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光 ‎22．cure n．治愈；痊愈；vt.治愈；治疗 ‎23．challenge n．挑战；vt.向……挑战 ‎24．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心 ‎25．suspect vt.怀疑；n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯 Ⅲ.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)‎ ‎26．apart from除……之外；此外 ‎27．(be) strict with...对……严格的 ‎28．make sense讲得通；有意义 ‎29．make a contribution/contributions to对……作出贡献 ‎30．be cautious about/of对……谨慎 ‎31．in a sense在某种意义上；在某种程度上 ‎32．with caution小心翼翼地 ‎33．put off推迟，延期 ‎34．conclude...from...从……中推断出……‎ ‎35．blame sb.for sth.因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人 Ⅳ.完成句子(共5小题；每题6分，满分30分)‎ ‎36．Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.‎ 只有当你把太阳放在那里，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。‎ ‎37．So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it，gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.‎ 于是，他在1510年至1514年期间从事这项研究，逐步改进他的理论，直到他感到完善时为止。‎ ‎38．The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary.‎ 他对旧理论所做的改动是革命性的。‎ ‎39．He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.‎ 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。‎ ‎40．Yet Copernicus’ theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built.‎ 然而现在哥白尼的理论却是我们的宇宙观建立的基础。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.Read the passage and match the main idea of each paragraph.‎ Para.1　A．New observations didn’t agree with the old theory about the earth.‎ Para.2 B．Copernicus’ theory is the basis of modern science about the universe.‎ Para.3 C．Copernicus was puzzled as he found the earth was not the centre of the solar system.‎ Para.4 D．Copernicus’ new theory that the sun was the centre could explain all the phenomena.‎ Para.5 E．Copernicus improved his theory by collecting observations and using his mathematical knowledge.‎ 答案　Para.1　C　Para.2　A　Para.3　E　Para.4　D　Para.5　B Ⅱ.Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.‎ ‎1．What made Copernicus frightened and confused?‎ A．The fact that the earth was the centre of the solar system.‎ B．The conclusion that the sun was the centre of the solar system.‎ C．The fact that the earth runs around the sun.‎ D．The fact that God made the world.‎ 答案　B ‎2．Why didn’t Copernicus publish his theory immediately？Because .‎ A．he didn’t think it complete B．he was afraid of being attacked by the Christian Church C．his friends forbade him to do so D．no one supported his ideas 答案　B ‎3．When did Copernicus publish his theory?‎ A．After his death.‎ B．Before he told his friends about it.‎ C．As he lay dying in 1543.‎ D．Copernicus’ theory was never published.‎ 答案　C ‎4．All the following made it strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system EXCEPT that .‎ A．some planets in the sky seemed to stop or move backward B．some planets in the sky appeared brighter at times and less bright at others C．some planets in the sky seemed to go forward in a loop D．the sun goes around the earth 答案　D ‎5. What’s the Christian Church’s attitude towards Copernicus’ theory?‎ A．The Christian Church objected to Copernicus’ theory.‎ B．The Christian Church was in favor of Copernicus’ theory.‎ C．The Christian Church paid much attention to the theory.‎ D．The Christian Church thought highly of Copernicus’ theory.‎ 答案　A ‎ ‎ 重点词汇 ‎ contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；投稿；促成，造成 ‎※contribute...to...把……捐献给……；向……投稿 contribute to捐赠；捐献；有助于；导致；投稿 ‎[联想]　表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词汇还有：‎ cause，lead to，result in，bring about等。‎ ‎※contribution n．贡献；捐助 make a contribution/contributions to对……作出贡献 ‎(1)3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution.(2018•天津)‎ ‎3D食物打印很可能有助于解决这个问题。‎ ‎(2)Everyone of us should make a contribution(contribute) to our society.‎ 我们每个人都应该为我们的社会作出贡献。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(3)The evidence will contribute to catchcatching the thief.‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句子中contribute to的汉语意思 ‎(4)Many people contributed money to the poor boy，which contributed to his returning to school.A writer wrote a story about it and contributed it to China Daily.捐款；促使；投稿 ‎(5)The sharp increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults.导致 ‎ Apart from the construction mentioned above，you have also learned the following phrases.除了上面提到的句子结构，你也学了以下的词组。‎ apart from除……之外；此外 ‎[易混辨析]　apart from，except，besides，except for ‎※apart from 具有多重意义，既可以表示besides，也可以表示except 或except for。‎ ‎※except 表示从所提到的人或事中除去一部分，表示递减的概念。‎ ‎※besides 表示“除了……之外，还有……”，表示递增的概念。‎ ‎※except for 表示对整体主要部分的肯定和局部的否定。‎ ‎[选词填空]　apart from，except，besides，except for ‎(1)All the students took part in the sports meeting except/apart from Tom，for he was ill.‎ ‎(2)We need three more chairs besides/apart from these two.‎ ‎(3)Apart from/Except for the ending，it’s a really good film.‎ ‎ Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在那个位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。‎ make sense讲得通；有意义 make sense of懂得；了解……的意义 make no sense讲不通；没有意义 in a sense 在某种意义上；在某种程度上 in no sense决不(置于句首，句子用部分倒装)‎ There’s no/little sense in doing sth.做某事没有意义。‎ ‎(1)I couldn’t make sense of what he said.‎ ‎＝What he said couldn’t make any sense to me.‎ 我不能理解他所说的话。‎ ‎(2)In a sense，I think he likes being responsible for everything.‎ 从某种意义上说，我认为他喜欢包揽一切。‎ ‎(3)Planning so far ahead makes no sense—so many things will change.那么早计划是没有意义的——那么多事情会发生变化。‎ ‎(4)There’s no sense in arguing(argue) with her—she is so stubborn!‎ 和她争论是没有意义的——她那么固执！‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(5)What he said at the meeting didn’t make sense of .‎ ‎ His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas，but Copernicus was cautious.他的朋友们都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公之于众，而哥白尼却小心谨慎。‎ cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的 ‎※be cautious about/of对……谨慎 ‎※cautiously adv.小心地；谨慎地 ‎※caution n．小心；谨慎 with caution 小心翼翼地 ‎ ‎ ‎(1)I’ve always been very cautious about giving my address and telephone number to strangers.‎ 我在给陌生人我的地址和电话号码时非常谨慎。‎ ‎(2)The woman opened the door cautiously(cautious) and walked in.‎ ‎＝The woman opened the door with caution and walked in.‎ 这个女人小心地打开门，走了进去。‎ 经典句式 ‎ Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在那个位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。‎ ‎“only＋状语或状语从句”放于句首要使用部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前。‎ ‎(1)Only then did he realize that he had made a severe mistake.‎ 只有那时他才意识到自己犯了一个严重的错误。‎ ‎(2)Only by shouting and waving his hands could he be noticed.‎ 只有靠大声呼叫和晃动双手才能使人注意到他。‎ ‎(3)Only if a teacher gives permission is a student allowed to enter the room.‎ 只有得到老师的允许，学生才能进这个房间。‎ ‎[名师指津]　如果only修饰的不是状语，即使放在句首主句也不倒装。‎ ‎(4)Only she can do it well，for she is more experienced.只有她才能把它做好，因为她更有经验。‎ ‎[易混辨析]　only if，if only ‎※only if只有……，only if本身不是一个固定词组。only是副词，用来修饰整个if从句。若用于句首，后接从句，主句要部分倒装。‎ ‎※if only但愿……，要是……就好了，常引导含虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句。‎ ‎[选词填空]　only if，if only ‎(5)If only I were a bird，I would fly in the vast sky.‎ ‎(6)Only if you eat the correct foods will you be able to keep fit.‎ ‎ He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.‎ 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。‎ ‎※with the planets going round it是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，在句中作伴 随状语。该结构作状语还可以表示原因、条件等情况。此外，此结构还可作后置定语。‎ ‎※with复合结构的具体构成：‎ with＋宾语＋adj./adv./介词短语doing(宾语和宾语补足语之间是主　动关系，表示动作正在进行)done(宾语和宾语补足语之间是被　动关系，表示动作已完成)to do(不定式表示的动作尚未发生) ‎ ‎(1)You’d better not go to sleep with the windows open.你最好不要开着窗子睡觉。‎ ‎(2)The little boy ran along the street with nothing on.这个小男孩沿街跑着，什么也没穿。‎ ‎(3)We live in a house with many flowers around it.‎ 我们住在一所周围有很多花的房子里。‎ ‎(4)The thief was brought in with his hands tied(tie) behind his back.‎ 这个小偷被带了进来，双手被绑在背后。‎ ‎(5)I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash(wash)．我不能丢下这些要洗的餐具就出去。‎ ‎[高级表达]‎ ‎(6)The old man was walking slowly and his pet dog followed him.(改为with复合结构)‎ ‎→The old man was walking slowly with his pet dog following him.‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．The boss of the company is very strict with the staff，so everyone there has to be completely strict in their work.‎ ‎2．She never lost her enthusiasm(enthusiastic) for teaching.‎ ‎3．Cautiously(cautious)，he moved himself into an upright position.‎ ‎4．The engineers have made great contributions(contribute) to the design of the Chang’e Ⅲ spaceship.‎ ‎5．If only I had taken(take) his advice at that time!‎ ‎6．Provided you didn’t try to make sense of it，it sounded beautiful.‎ ‎7．The environmental movement(move) has been trying to preserve our natural resources.‎ ‎8．With his suggestions rejected(reject)，he felt upset.‎ ‎9．She grabbed Norm’s arm and spun(spin) him around to face her.‎ ‎10．We didn’t see anyone all day，apart from a couple of kids on the beach.‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎11．Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened.‎ 当他回到家时才知道发生了什么事。‎ ‎12．We contributed much money to the earthquake fund last year.‎ 去年我们向地震基金会捐赠了很多钱。‎ ‎13．There’s no sense in making a child suffer like that.‎ 让孩子那样受苦没有道理。‎ ‎14．English is one of the subjects in which I am interested.‎ 英语是我感兴趣的科目之一。‎ ‎15．With winter coming on/approaching，it’s time to buy warm clothes.(with复合结构)‎ 随着冬天的临近，是时候买暖和的衣服了。‎ Ⅲ.课文短文改错 There was a time when the powerful Christian Church believed God have made the world. It was that reason that the earth was thought to be the centre of the solar system. But problems arose. Copernicus had thought long and hardly about them and tried to find an answer. Though, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion what the earth was not the centre of the solar system. When he placed a fixing sun at the centre of the solar system, the movement of the planets made the sense. The Christian Church rejects his theory. But her theory is now the basis on that all our ideas of the universe are built.‎ 答案 There was a time when the powerful Christian Church believed God havehad made the world. It was ∧for that reason that the earth was thought to be the centre of the solar system. But problems arose. Copernicus had thought long and hardlyhard about them and tried to find an answer. ThoughHowever， all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion whatthat the earth was not the centre of the solar system. When he placed a fixingfixed sun at the centre of the solar system, the movement of the planets made the sense. The Christian Church rejectsrejected his theory. But herhis theory is now the basis on thatwhich all our ideas of the universe are built.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．It’s a great pleasure to have such enthusiastic(热情的) group participation in our project.‎ ‎2．My teacher tells us that we should have a positive attitude to life and have hope，no matter what happens.‎ ‎3．Scientists watch the moon to get data about its movements(运动)．‎ ‎4．It’s said that there is a kind of bird，which is the only one that can fly backward(s)(向后地)．‎ ‎5．We all look forward to the day when scientists can discover more secrets of the universe(宇宙)．‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎6．They are likely to respond positively(positive) to the President’s request for aid.‎ ‎7．After he graduated from that college，he tried to join the army but was rejected(reject)．‎ ‎8．You should be cautious(caution) when you cross the street.‎ ‎9．We explained our plans and he was very enthusiastic about them.‎ ‎10．Most of the factories under construction have been designed by Chinese engineers.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)‎ ‎11．Getting up early will contribute to improveimproving your health.‎ ‎12．With all the work finishfinished，they hurried back home for lunch.‎ ‎13．He was very strict inwith himself when he was young.‎ ‎14．Apart ∧from his nose，he is goodlooking.‎ ‎15．Would it make the sense to save money while you can?‎ Ⅳ.翻译句子 ‎16．正是他的粗心大意造成了这起事故。(contribute...to...)‎ It was his carelessness that contributed to the accident.‎ ‎17．只有在大城市里才能买到新轮椅。(用倒装结构)‎ Only in a big city was it possible to buy a new wheelchair.‎ ‎18．对我来说很难理解这道题。(make sense of)‎ It’s difficult for me to make sense of the problem.‎ ‎19．老板对承诺持谨慎态度。(be cautious about/of)‎ The boss is cautious about/of making promises.‎ ‎20．随着春天的来临，万物开始复苏。(用with复合结构)‎ With Spring approaching/coming，everything comes to life.‎ ‎【能力提升 ‎ Ⅴ.阅读理解 A Florence Nightingale was born in a rich family. When she was young，she took lessons in music and drawing，and read great books. She also travelled a great deal with her mother and father.‎ As a child，she felt that visiting sick people was both a duty and a pleasure. She enjoyed helping them.‎ At last，her mind was made up. “I’m going to be a nurse，” she decided.‎ ‎“Nursing isn’t the right work for a lady，” her father told her.‎ ‎“Then I will make it so，” she smiled. And she went to learn nursing in Germany and France. When she returned to England，Florence started a nursing home for women.‎ During the Crimean War in 1854，she went with a group of thirtyeight nurses to the front hospital. What they saw there was terrible. Dirt and death were everywhere to be seen and smelled. The officer there did not want any woman to tell him how to run a hospital，either. But the brave nurses went to work.‎ Florence used her own money and some from friends to buy clothes，beds，medicines and food for the men. Her only pay was the smiles from the lips of dying soldiers. But they were more than enough for this kind woman.‎ After war，she returned to England and was honoured for her service by Queen Victoria. But Florence said that her work had just begun. She raised money to build the Nightingale Home for Nurses in London. She also wrote a book on public health，which was printed in several countries.‎ Florence Nightingale passed away at the age of ninety，still trying to serve others through her work as a nurse. Indeed，it is because of her that we honour nurses today.‎ 语篇解读　本文介绍了护理行业的创始人——‎ 南丁格尔，她为了护理别人而奉献了自己的一生。‎ ‎21．When she was a child，Florence .‎ A．wrote a book on public health B．knew what her duty in life was C．loved to help the sick people D．was most interested in music and drawing 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，她很喜欢帮助病人。故C项正确。‎ ‎22．During the Crimean War in 1854，Florence served in the front hospital where .‎ A．she earned a lot of money B．work was very difficult C．few soldiers died because of her work D．she didn’t have enough food and clothes 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第六段第二、三、四句可知，当时的工作条件很艰苦。故B项正确。‎ ‎23．Why was Florence honoured by Queen Victoria?‎ A．Because she built the Nightingale Home for Nurses.‎ B．Because of her old age.‎ C．Because she worked as a nurse all her life.‎ D．Because she did a great deal of work during the Crimean War.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，正是因为在战争中所做的事情让她受到了女王的表彰。故D正确。‎ ‎24．The passage can be best described as .‎ A．the life story of a famous woman B．a description of the nursing work C．an example of successful education D．the history of nursing in England 答案　A 解析　主旨大意题。本文介绍了护理行业的创始人——南丁格尔，她为了护理别人而奉献了自己的一生。故A正确。‎ B Here are a few things to watch out for when you move somewhere new or are returning home after a long time away.‎ Be careful on the road!‎ The first thing that I did when I got out of the airport was to cross the road，but I looked the wrong way！In the UK the cars drive on the lefthand side of the road whereas in Spain they drive on the right. I almost got run over because I was still thinking I was in Spain. You have to be very careful.‎ There’s another strange one from traveling on the road. In Mallorca，most of the time，pedestrians(行人) can cross the road by walking on the road without stopping and the ‎ car will stop for them. In the UK，however，you have to be careful to wait for the cars to stop or else you might end up in the hospital very quickly!‎ Drink water.‎ In Spain，most people buy large bottles of water to drink. In the UK the filtering(过滤) of the water means that you can drink straight from the tap. On my first night back I forgot that I could drink water from the taps and spent the night wishing I had a bottle of water. When I woke up，I realized how silly I had been.‎ Time is different.‎ In Spain there is a small break during the day to have a nap for the rest of the day. You also might only think about going out for a drink with friends in Spain at 11 pm. In the UK that is already past the bedtime!‎ 语篇解读　作者刚从西班牙回到自己的国家英国时对这里生活的很多方面感到不适应。作者结合自己的经历介绍了西班牙和英国在交通、饮水和时间安排方面的不同。‎ ‎25．Why was the author almost run over in the UK?‎ A．He was crossing an unfamiliar road.‎ B．He was thinking in the middle of the road.‎ C．He was looking the wrong way on the road.‎ D．He was running on the righthand side of the road.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一个小标题下的第一段第二句和第三句可知，西班牙交通法规规定的机动车行车方向和英国的正相反，作者刚回到英国时还像在西班牙那样过马路，看错了车辆行驶的方向，所以差点被撞到。‎ ‎26．Compared with the traffic in the UK，traffic in Mallorca for pedestrians is more .‎ A．dangerous B．important C．crowded D．secure 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第一个小标题下的第二段第二句可以推知，Mallorca的交通对行人来说更安全。‎ ‎27．On the first night back home，the author .‎ A．drank some water from the tap B．had a big meal in a restaurant C．bought a bottle of water D．didn’t drink water at all 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二个小标题下的第三句可知，那天晚上作者还像在西班牙一样，由于没有瓶装水，他没有喝水。‎ ‎28．What can we conclude from the text?‎ A．The author is used to living in Spain.‎ B．The author hopes to return to Mallorca soon.‎ C．The author doesn’t like the life in the UK at all.‎ D．The author can’t look after himself well.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据文中作者叙述的各种情况可知，作者还不适应英国的生活习惯，也就是说他已经习惯了在西班牙的生活。‎ Ⅵ.七选五 Most people are having a hard time studying effectively.This article provides some tips on how to study effectively.‎ ‎ 29 When you wish to study effectively，consider a time and place.It is always best to study at the same time and place.You devote yourself to studying only with one common time and place you feel most comfortable with. 30 This is because you can associate the time and place with your study every time you study.You can actually make it a habit as soon as you get to sit down on your chair at the usual time and place.‎ Water helps.Most of the time，people always believe that coffee is the best drink to take while you are studying. 31 It is true that coffee helps in keeping you awake，but coffee also gives negative effects.This can actually slow down your memory and decrease your attention span. 32 Water is always the best recommendation while studying.Drink plenty of water during your study session，especially when you feel sluggish(反应迟缓的)．‎ Take breaks.It is recommended that you had better take breaks in between your studying time.It is very important that you take a break before you feel tired and begin to lose your concentration completely.Regular breaks can actually help you maintain your concentration and focus.You do not feel tired that easily.The breaks may depend on the person’s capacity for focusing. 33 ‎ A．Stay at home every day.‎ B．Consider a time and place.‎ C．It also increases your anxiety.‎ D．If you think you need breaks，then you do it.‎ E．This will actually help you concentrate and focus.‎ F．They always think coffee can actually keep them awake.‎ G．It is widely thought that having a good rest can keep you healthy.‎ 语篇解读　很多人都会感到学习的效率不高。本文作者认为，选择合适的学习时间和地点、适当补充饮水以及注意劳逸结合等可以帮助提高学习效率。‎ ‎29．答案　B 解析　根据下句中的“consider a time and place”及本段内容可知，B项为该段的主旨句。‎ ‎30．答案　E 解析　根据上下文可推知，此处的语境是在说明这样做的好处，故E项符合语境。‎ ‎31．答案　F 解析　根据下句中的“It is true that coffee helps in keeping you awake”可推知，此处应该说的是人们认为的咖啡带来的好处，故F项(‎ 他们总是认为咖啡确实能够让他们保持清醒)符合题意。‎ ‎32．答案　C 解析　根据上下文语境可知，此处叙述咖啡的负面作用。C项(它还会增加你的焦虑)承接上文，符合语境。‎ ‎33．答案　D 解析　段首的“Take breaks.”是该段的主旨句。据此可推知，感到疲劳就应该休息。‎ Ⅶ.微写作 ‎ 写作素材 (关于科学家)‎ ‎1．众所周知，科学家对社会做出了巨大的贡献。‎ ‎2．就我个人而言，科学家是那些对工作严格要求、专心于科学研究的人。 ‎ ‎3．他们对他们提出的结论非常谨慎。 ‎ ‎4．他们反复做实验检验他们提出的理论。 ‎ ‎5．他们铭记如果理论不以事实为基础就没有任何意义。(铭记：keep...in mind)‎ 提示：黑体部分用本单元的词汇表达。‎ ‎ 连句成篇 (将以上句子连成一篇50字左右的英语短文)‎ As is known to all，scientists have made great contributions to the world.As far as I’m concerned，scientists are strict in their work and absorbed in scientific research.They are very cautious of every conclusion they draw.They do experiments again and again to test the theory they put forward.They keep in mind that a theory makes no sense if it is not based on facts.‎ Period Four　Grammar—The Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题 ‎1．But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.‎ ‎2．He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.‎ ‎3．From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.‎ ‎4．He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.‎ ‎5．Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused.‎ ‎6．He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.‎ ‎1．以上句子中，句3和句6中为单个的过去分词作定语，常常放于被修饰名词的前面；句1和句4中为过去分词短语作定语，常常放于被修饰名词的后面。‎ ‎2．句2和句5中的过去分词在句中作表语。‎ ‎ ‎ 一、过去分词作定语 ‎1．意义：及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。‎ ‎(1)表示被动和完成 a polluted river一条被污染的河流 the watered flowers浇过水的花 ‎(2)只表示完成，不表示被动 fallen leaves落叶 the risen sun升起的太阳 ‎2．位置：单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。‎ The student dressed in white is my daughter.‎ ‎＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.‎ 穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。‎ 注意：过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别：‎ ‎(1)语态不同：现在分词表示主动；过去分词表示被动。‎ The question discussed was very important.‎ 讨论过的那个问题很重要。‎ The house standing at the corner of the street was built in 2016.矗立在街道角落的那所房子是2016年建的。‎ ‎(2)时间关系上不同：现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示动作已经完成。‎ the changing world变化着的世界the changed world改变了的世界 boiling water沸腾的水boiled water开水 developing countries发展中国家developed countries发达国家 ‎2．过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别 意义 形式 语态 时态 done 被动 完成 being done 被动 进行 to be done 被动 尚未发生 The building built last year is our classroom building.‎ 去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。‎ The building being built now is our classroom building.‎ 现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。‎ The building to be built next month is our classroom building.下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。‎ 二、过去分词作表语 ‎1．意义：用在系动词后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态。‎ She looked disappointed.她看上去很失望。‎ We were encouraged at the news.‎ 听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。‎ ‎2．过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。这一结构从形式上与被动语态相同，但被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。试比较：‎ The book is well written.这本书写得好。The book was written by a soldier.这本书是由一位士兵写的。‎ ‎3．感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别。‎ 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音、笑容或表情等。常用的这类词有：‎ surprising令人吃惊的surprised感到吃惊的 discouraging令人泄气的discouraged泄气的 We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.‎ 我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。‎ His words were discouraging，which made many people discouraged.‎ 他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。‎ ‎ ‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged(challenge)．(2018•全国Ⅲ)‎ ‎2．Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time spent(spend) with his students.(2017•北京)‎ ‎3．I was the first Western TV reporter permitted(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.(2016•全国Ⅰ)‎ ‎4．To return to the problem of water pollution，I’d like you to look at a study conducted(conduct) in Australia in 2012.(2016•浙江)‎ ‎5．In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden(hide) within the work.(2016•江苏)‎ ‎6．Do you find yourself getting impatient or annoyed(annoy) with people over unimportant things？(2016•上海)‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．When I entered his room，he was buried(bury) in his books.‎ ‎2．Some of the people invited(invite) to the party couldn’t come.‎ ‎3．He is talking with a man called(call) Mr Wang.‎ ‎4．He was discouraged(discourage) when he heard his mother’s words.‎ ‎5．The cars being sold(sell) at the market now are made in Guangzhou.‎ ‎6．Tsinghua University, founded(found) in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures.‎ ‎7．The three guns stolen(steal) from the police station were found in the house.‎ ‎8．The museum, located(locate) next to the Wuzhen scenic spot，covers an area of 5,000 square meters.‎ ‎9．In 2011，a film，Soul Surfer, based(base) on her experiences，was released and made a hit immediately.‎ ‎10．The cart got stuck(stick) in the mud，but the farmer made no effort to get it out.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)‎ ‎11．Prices of goods buyingbought through a computer can be lower than some store prices.‎ ‎12．At last，the puzzlingpuzzled father came to the small school.‎ ‎13．Tom was very surprisingsurprised when he heard the news.‎ ‎14．He told me the news in an excitingexcited voice that day.‎ ‎15．Most of us liked the film directingdirected by a young director.‎ Ⅲ.句型转换 ‎16．A thief stole the goat tied to the tree.‎ ‎→A thief stole the goat which was tied to the tree.‎ ‎17．Father beat the son who was lost in the online games.‎ ‎→Father beat the son lost in the online games.‎ ‎18．This project，which was designed by the Chinese engineers，was constructed in only two years.‎ ‎→This project，designed by the Chinese engineers，was constructed in only two years.‎ ‎19．The castle，which was burnt down in the sixteenth century，was never rebuilt.‎ ‎→The castle，burnt down in the sixteenth century，was never rebuilt.‎ ‎20．The meeting held yesterday is very important.‎ ‎→The meeting which/that was held yesterday is very important.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Mrs White showed her students some old maps borrowed(borrow) from the library.‎ ‎2．The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain seated(seat) as the plane was making a landing.‎ ‎3．The first textbooks written(write) for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.‎ ‎4．On receiving a phone call from his wife saying(say) she had a fall，Mr Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.‎ ‎5．War isn’t the best way to settle(settle) problems between countries—it only leads to more violence and conflicts.‎ ‎6．The milk delivered(deliver) to us that morning seemed to have gone bad，so we complained to the company about it.‎ ‎7．Newcomers to Hawaii should be warned not to stay in the sun too long—they might easily get burnt/burned(burn)．‎ ‎8．Winter is gone(go) and spring is coming(come)．‎ ‎9．These problems to be discussed(discuss) next week is of great interest.‎ ‎10．Listen！The song being sung(sing) is very popular with the students.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)‎ ‎11．The girl dressingdressed in red is from a big city.‎ ‎12．Hearing the encouragedencouraging news，we all felt proud of our country.‎ ‎13．The excitingexcited look on his face suggested that he had passed the exam.‎ ‎14．Do you know the girl wornwearing a red shirt?‎ ‎15．The question ∧to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is very important.‎ Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎16．His wound became/was infected with a new virus.‎ 他的伤口感染了一种新病毒。‎ ‎17．Why do you always look so tired？Do you sleep well these days?‎ 为什么你看上去总是很疲劳？这些日子你睡得好吗？‎ ‎18．I was disappointed with the film I saw last night.I had expected it to be better.‎ 我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我本以为它更好看些。‎ ‎19．Everybody was shocked to hear the death of the famous film star.‎ 听说那位著名的影星死了，每个人都很惊讶。‎ ‎20．We needed many more qualified workers.‎ 我们需要更多的合格工人。‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅳ.阅读理解 The idea of changing the world seems very crazy，but there are a number of small everyday things we can do to make the world better.Community centers，parks，libraries，homeless shelters，hospitals and schools are all places where students can make a difference through service.‎ Alisia Orosco,10，wanted to show her love and care to the sick kids at University Children’s Hospital in Texas，where her brother had been a patient.She earned money by doing parttime jobs and used it to buy different toys for the children in hospital.Now she visits three hospitals every year with bags of toys.“I hope to help as many kids as I can，” Alisia says.“It makes me happy to make them smile.”‎ High school students in a town of Washington made a difference in the lives of some needy children by building a playground at a workers’ camp.They got a lot of help from a building supply store which provided free building materials for the project.‎ Teens in New Jersey decided to offer their help at a local soup kitchen where people with no homes can get free food.But there wasn’t one.They created a oneday soup kitchen and were able to feed 60 needy people and allow them to take the rest home.Their efforts got more people to understand the great need of the poor in their community.Because of their efforts and success，a permanent soup kitchen was created with the 10,000 National Award they received from Newman’s Own Inc.‎ High school students in Las Vegas helped 30 homeless adults prepare resumes during a job fair they held at the area’s largest homeless shelter.At least nine of the adults later found jobs.‎ 语篇解读　文章通过几个事例说明了小事情也可以产生大的影响，从而让世界更美好。‎ ‎21．Every year Alisia visits three hospitals with bags of toys in order to .‎ A．sell her different toys B．look for parttime jobs C．look after her sick brother D．bring cheer to the sick kids 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Alisia Orosco,10，wanted to show her love and care to the sick kids”以及“‘I hope to help as many kids as I can，’Alisia says.‘It makes me happy to make them smile.’”可知，Alisia Orosco每年去医院给生病的孩子送玩具，是为了让他们得到快乐和关爱。‎ ‎22．The oneday soup kitchen created by teens in New Jersey .‎ A．received high praise B．cost 10,000 to build C．got help from 60 people D．was aimed at children 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，新泽西的孩子们创办的一日施粥所让更多的人了解到了穷人的需求，并获得了一万美元的奖励，由此可推断，孩子们创办的一日施粥所得到了高度赞扬。故选A。‎ ‎23．Which of the following can best describe the students mentioned in the passage?‎ A．Kind. B．Brave.‎ C．Proud. D．Crazy.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。文章第一段引出本文主题——小事情也可以产生大的影响，从而让世界更美好。下文所举事例中的青少年用他们的行动表达了对弱者的关心和帮助，是他们的善心让世界变得更加美好。故选A项。‎ ‎24．Where was a playground built for needy children?‎ A．In Texas.‎ B．In a town of Washington.‎ C．In New Jersey.‎ D．In Las Vegas.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句可知，在华盛顿的一个小城镇，一些高中生为需要关爱的孩子建立了一个操场。故选B。‎ Ⅴ.完形填空 A minister(牧师) met the head of a shoe factory.The minister was 25 if he found any poor people who needed 26 ，he could help.In making his rounds one day，the minister 27 a man to attend his church.‎ ‎“I would like to 28 ，” said the man，“but my shoes are so nearly worn out that I would be 29 to go to a meeting with them，and I am too poor to get any 30 .”‎ ‎“I will 31 you a pair of shoes if you will come，” the minister said.‎ ‎“ 32 I wouldn’t like to go without my wife，” responded the man，“and her shoes are no better than mine.” The minister 33 to get the shoes for her，too.‎ ‎“It would 34 be right to leave our three children barefoot，” said the man.‎ The minister promised the children should 35 have shoes.He then got their measurements and went to visit the 36 .He feared that he had promised others too many shoes，and 37 the shoe man might feel that he was abusing his 38 ，but when the situation was laid before him，the merchant 39 and said，“All right，come with me.”‎ Together they took the 40 and went to the upper floor，where they 41 in a large room filled with shoes.The shoe man said，“All the shoes are 42 for just such cases as yours，and when you have any more of the 43 kind just come here and help yourself.”‎ Of course the minister felt very 44 when he thought of how little he had expected from his generous friend.‎ 语篇解读　牧师想帮助因贫困而没有鞋子穿的一家人，又担心鞋厂主管不愿意给那么多双鞋。鞋厂主管的慷慨让牧师为自己的想法感到羞愧。‎ ‎25．A.ordered B．told C．warned D．asked 答案　B 解析　由下文鞋厂主管说如果有需要，他可以帮忙可推知，此处指牧师被告知(tell)。‎ ‎26．A.jackets B．caps C．trousers D．shoes 答案　D 解析　根据第四段最后一句中的“to get the shoes for her，too”可推知，此处指牧师碰到需要“鞋”的穷人。‎ ‎27．A.invited B．forced C．persuaded D．reminded 答案　A 解析　联系下一段那个人的回答可推知，牧师邀请(invite)那个人去教堂参加活动。此处没有“逼迫”“劝说”“提醒”之意，故可排除B、C、D三项。‎ ‎28．A.leave B．stay C．go D．change 答案　C 解析　联系下文but所表示的转折意义可推知，那个人想去(go)教堂参加活动。‎ ‎29．A.ashamed B．surprised C．excited D．frightened 答案　A 解析　那个人认为自己的鞋子快破了，穿这样的鞋见人他会感到很惭愧的，故选ashamed。‎ ‎30．A.stronger B．longer C．farther D．better 答案　D 解析　那个人继续解释自己不能去教堂的原因：他太穷了，不能买更好的(better)鞋子。‎ ‎31．A.make B．get C．borrow D．lend 答案　B 解析　根据下一段最后一句中的“to get the shoes for her，too”可推知，如果对方去教堂的话，牧师会给他弄到一双鞋，故选get。‎ ‎32．A.Or B．For C．But D．So 答案　C 解析　那个人又说了另一个不能去教堂的理由：妻子不去，他也不会去的，她的鞋子也不好。此处与上文是逻辑上的转折关系，故用but。‎ ‎33．A.refused B．promised C．managed D．chose 答案　B 解析　联系第六段首句中的“The minister promised”可推知，那个人讲完，牧师许诺(promise)也送给他妻子一双鞋。‎ ‎34．A.hardly B．always C．often D．usually 答案　A 解析　根据下文中的“leave our three children barefoot”可推知，那个人认为，他们二人有了鞋，留着三个孩子赤着脚不对，故选hardly。‎ ‎35．A.even B．ever C．still D．also 答案　D 解析　牧师已经答应给他们夫妇鞋子，此处指牧师又许诺说，孩子们也(also)应该有鞋子。‎ ‎36．A.village B．school C．factory D．company 答案　C 解析　结合第一段鞋厂主管的话可推知，此处指牧师得到了那家人脚的尺码，就去拜访制鞋工厂(factory)了。‎ ‎37．A.explained B．forgot C．answered D．thought 答案　D 解析　空后的内容叙述了牧师心里的想法，故此处应选thought。‎ ‎38．A.kindness B．courage C．bravery D．rudeness 答案　A 解析　上文提到牧师担心自己许诺给别人的鞋子太多了，他想鞋厂主管可能会认为牧师在滥用他的善心(kindness)。‎ ‎39．A.stopped B．appeared C．smiled D．remained 答案　C 解析　根据下文鞋厂主管的回答可推知，他了解了情况后应该是微笑(smile)了，表示同意。‎ ‎40．A.plane B．elevator C．bus D．taxi 答案　B 解析　结合空后的“went to the upper floor”可推知，他们一起乘坐电梯(elevator)，到了楼上。‎ ‎41．A.failed B．hid C．waited D．landed 答案　D 解析　根据下文可知，他们乘坐电梯到达(land)一个大房间，房间里满是鞋子。‎ ‎42．A.put on B．set aside C．turned in D．found out 答案　B 解析　鞋厂主管说，这些鞋子是留出来(set aside)应对像“牧师送鞋给穷人”这类情况的。‎ ‎43．A.same B．special C．different D．common 答案　A 解析　根据上下文中的“when you have any more”和“come here and help yourself”可以推知，此处指当再出现同一类有穷人需要鞋子的情况时，故选same。‎ ‎44．A.proud B．angry C．small D．nervous 答案　C 解析　对方这么慷慨，再联系倒数第三段中提到的牧师对鞋厂主管的担心可知，牧师此时肯定感到自己矮人一截，故选small。‎ ‎ Ⅵ.语法填空 When you smile，not only do you feel happy，45. you also bring a ray of light into the lives of others.Someone once 46. (say)，“A smile is a curve(弧线) that sets everything straight.”Know that a smile is a little thing that can produce great results.47. it takes is a smile to make short work of many 48. (difficult)，for just being happy can help others.I have often thought of a smile 49. the touch of God given to his people.‎ A day without a smile is a day wasted.Some people grin(咧嘴笑) and bear it，while 50. smile and change the world.Don’t you love the feelings of being 51. (return) with a smile？It can move into the soul and release good into the world.It can make friends with 52. (strange)．It can bring friends closer together.It can bridge the generation gap.It can fill the heart with love.‎ A smile is a light in the window of the soul，53. (indicate) that the heart is at home.God puts a smile on our faces so that we would see that the world needs that breath to 54. (light) the darkness in our life.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文，论述了微笑的重要性以及微笑对人们生活的影响。‎ ‎45．答案　but 解析　考查并列连词。根据句中的“not only”可知，此处考查not only...but also...结构。‎ ‎46．答案　said 解析　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“once”可知，此处应用一般过去时态，故填said。‎ ‎47．答案　What 解析　考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，what引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语。‎ ‎48．答案　difficulties 解析　考查名词复数。difficulty意为“难事”，many后接可数名词的复数，故填difficulties。‎ ‎49．答案　as 解析　考查固定搭配。think of...as...认为……是……。‎ ‎50．答案　others 解析　考查代词。分析句子可知，该句考查some...others...意为“一些人……其他人……”。‎ ‎51．答案　returned 解析　考查非谓语动词。you与return之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。‎ ‎52．答案　strangers 解析　考查词性转换。由上文中的friends可知，此处应为strangers，意为“陌生人”。‎ ‎53．答案　indicating 解析　考查非谓语动词。indicate与其逻辑主语a smile之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。‎ ‎54．答案　lighten 解析　考查词性转换。因为to为不定式符号，且在此处表示目的，故其后加动词原形。故用lighten意为“(使)变明亮”。‎ Ⅶ.短文改错 My name is Ann.I’ve been in China in a few years.With the help of Li Hua，a good friend of mine，I’ve been used to live in China.Li Hua，like many girls，are beautiful and lively.We became friends after we meet each other a few years ago.Although her English isn’t easy to understand，but we enjoy chatting and we usually talk a lot about our favorite books.We’re both surprised that Chinese culture or American culture are so differently.Now we are planning nice party for next Sunday.There，I will introduce Li Hua to my friends，one of who has been to China several time.‎ 答案　My name is Ann.I’ve been in China infor a few years.With the help of Li Hua，a good friend of mine，I’ve been used to liveliving in China.Li Hua，like many girls，areis beautiful and lively.We became friends after we meetmet each other a few years ago.Although her English isn’t easy to understand，but 或butyet we enjoy chatting and we usually talk a lot about our favorite books.We’re both surprised that Chinese culture orand American culture are so differentlydifferent.Now we are planning ∧a nice party for next Sunday.There，I will introduce Li Hua to my friends，one of whowhom has been to China several timetimes.‎ Period Five　Writing—Persuasive writing：letter ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 本单元的写作目标是“劝说信”。劝说信要求就有关问题进行分析并针对这些问题劝说某人采纳自己的建议或看法。可以通过以下三个部分来进行写作：‎ 第一部分：引入话题。写信人首先需要说明写信的主要目的。如果需要的话，也可以大致作一下自我介绍。‎ 第二部分：阐述理由。这是劝说信的主体和核心部分。写信人需要在这部分条理地列出自己的理由。理由要客观，真实，有说服力，要重点突出，层次分明。同时，要注意适当提高语言的力度，发挥语言的功力，以便更好地展现自己的立场。‎ 第三部分：总结全文。重申自己的核心观点，提出希望。这部分要注意语言的简练和冲击力，切记冗杂拖拉的表达。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．引入：‎ ‎(1)I am writing to...‎ ‎(2)These days we are often told that...But is this really the case...‎ ‎(3)Faced with...，quite a few people argue that...‎ ‎(4)Currently there is a widespread concern that...‎ ‎(5)Now people in growing numbers are coming to realize that...‎ ‎(6)I was very worried when I heard that...‎ ‎2.阐述：‎ ‎(1)Here are my reasons.First of all，I think it would be better if...‎ ‎(2)On the one hand...，on the other hand...‎ ‎(3)Moreover.../What’s more...‎ ‎(4)However.../Instead...‎ ‎(5)Here I’d like to give my advice on...‎ ‎(6)I would like to suggest that.../If I were you，I would...‎ ‎3．总结：‎ ‎(1)All things considered...‎ ‎(2)As far as I’m concerned...‎ ‎(3)Please take my advice into consideration and make a final decision.‎ ‎(4)I do hope that...‎ ‎ ‎ 假如你是李华，请你给在外地读书并正在生病的朋友王鹏写一封100词左右的说服性信函，说明锻炼的重要性和好处，鼓励他积极锻炼身体，从而为更好地学习打下基础。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 审题 ‎ 写作要求是给正在生病的朋友写一封信，劝他积极锻炼身体。写作时应注意下面几点：‎ ‎1．确定文体：这是一篇应用文，是学生熟悉的书信，写作中应注意书信的常规格式。‎ ‎2．主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。‎ ‎3．主体人称：由于是劝说别人积极锻炼身体，所以人称应该以第二人称为主。‎ ‎ 谋篇 ‎ 第一段：应开门见山，引入话题。‎ 第二段：阐述理由，给出建议。‎ 第三段：总结全文，发出希望。‎ 最后： 结束语。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 必备词汇 ‎ ‎1．全神贯注于……be absorbed in ‎2．对……有害be harmful to/do harm to ‎3．对……有益处be beneficial to/do sb.good ‎4．导致，有助于contribute to/result in/lead to ‎5．不时地from time to time ‎6．总之in a word ‎7．提出put forward ‎8．从今以后from now on ‎ 关键句式 ‎ ‎1．你已经全身心投入学习了。‎ You have been so absorbed in study.‎ ‎2．你没有时间锻炼。‎ You have had no time for exercise.‎ ‎3．你有了健康的身体。‎ You have a strong body.‎ ‎ 4.你就会一直学习而不生病。‎ You can keep on studying without feeling bad or ill.‎ ‎ 句式升级 ‎ ‎1．请把第一句和第二句按括号内的提示词合成一句话。‎ ‎(1)You have had no time for exercise because you have been so absorbed in study.(because)‎ ‎(2)You have been so absorbed in study that you have had no time for exercise.(so...that...)‎ ‎2．请把第三句和第四句按括号内的提示词合成一句话。‎ ‎(1)You can’t keep on studying without feeling bad or ill unless you have a strong body.(unless)‎ ‎(2)Only when you have a strong body can you keep on studying without feeling bad or ill.(“only＋状语从句”引起的倒装句)‎ ‎ ‎ 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇100词左右的英语短文。‎ ‎ 参考范文 ‎ Dear Wang Peng，‎ I am sorry to hear that you have been ill for days and hope you have got better now.You have been so absorbed in study that you have had no time for exercise.But it is really harmful to your health.I feel it would be more beneficial to your health if you could take more exercise in future.‎ In fact，exercise can contribute to your health and fresh your mind.Only when you have a strong body can you keep on studying without feeling bad or ill.Otherwise，your study will be interrupted from time to time by sickness.‎ In a word，exercise is as useful and important as your study.So I put forward a suggestion that you take at least one hour’s exercise every day from now on.‎ Best wishes.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 单元知识滚动练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．During the hard time，we experienced a lot of challenges(挑战)．‎ ‎2．You need to sit down and analyse(分析) why you feel so upset.‎ ‎3．We have foreseen(预见) that we will die if we can not reach land very soon.‎ ‎4．These victims(受害者) were found lying dead on the river bank.‎ ‎5．I don’t know why he refused to attend(出席) the meeting that day.‎ ‎6．To tell the truth，I don’t know if I can handle(处理) the job.‎ ‎7．The air polluted(污染) in town and cities does great harm to people.‎ ‎8．Several hundred people applied，but nearly all of them were rejected(拒绝)．‎ ‎9．Shortages of professional staff are very severe(严重的) in some places.‎ ‎10．The man likes music and he is enthusiastic(热情的) about the party tonight.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 put forward，draw a conclusion，expose...to...，cure...of...，link...to...，apart from，be strict with，make sense，contribute to，under construction ‎11．Nothing could cure her of her impatience with Anna.‎ ‎12．The mother tries her best not to expose her child to ugly things.‎ ‎13．That’s the explanation put forward by this boy.‎ ‎14．It is still too early to draw a conclusion on this point.‎ ‎15．She doesn’t know whether her mobile phone can be linked to the Internet or not in India.‎ ‎16．Smoking does contribute to lung cancer，so you must give up smoking.‎ ‎17．Our English teacher who was strict with every one of us passed away last year.‎ ‎18．I really think his reason for doing it makes sense.‎ ‎19．Which books will you borrow，apart from this one?‎ ‎20．Our new offices are still under construction，so we have to borrow a place to work.‎ Ⅲ.单句语法填空 ‎21．It was a young man putting(put) forward this good suggestion yesterday.‎ ‎22．In conclusion，this project will benefit all the villagers.‎ ‎23．Defeated(defeat) by her partner again，the girl decided to find a new way.‎ ‎24．As we all know，it is a good idea to be exposed(expose) to the real language environment.‎ ‎25．Did you suspect your classmate of giving away the secret?‎ ‎26．Absorbed(absorb) in her book，Judith didn’t notice her mother coming in.‎ ‎27．It is the driver，rather than the passengers that is to blame(blame) for it.‎ ‎28．This disease is a hot topic linked(link) to the pollution there.‎ ‎29．The students need a teacher to instruct them to paint(paint) on the wall.‎ ‎30．The shopkeeper promised to have these goods delivered(deliver) later that day.‎ ‎31．Everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes to the homeless people.‎ ‎32．A lot of money has been spent on the construction(construct) of the bridge.‎ ‎33．He is generous and cautious(caution)，so you can depend on him.‎ ‎34．Only if you put your heart into it can/will you succeed in the future.‎ ‎35．With so many emails to answer(answer)，she has no time to rest.‎ Ⅳ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)‎ ‎36．The doctor devoted himself to looking for a cure offor the disease.‎ ‎37．As far as I’m concerned，raising these children is a challengechallenging job.‎ ‎38．He suggested that we satsit down to work out a practical plan.‎ ‎39．Please make a mark in the place whichwhere you meet with some new words.‎ ‎40．Neither the teacher nor the students isare looking forward to the holiday.‎ ‎41．With the work finishfinished，the boy went out to play happily.‎ ‎42．Only by working hard ∧will/can you be able to get the position in that company.‎ ‎43．I thought him honest for the first time I met him.‎ ‎44．Walking in the morning will contribute to improveimproving your health.‎ ‎45．Not everyone in our company is positive toabout this new suggestion.‎ Ⅴ.单元语法——用过去分词(短语)将下面两个句子合并为一个句子 ‎46．My grandfather is a teacher.He has retired.‎ ‎→My grandfather is a retired teacher.‎ ‎47．I borrowed a book from the library.It was written by Mark Twain.‎ ‎→I borrowed a book written by Mark Twain from the library.‎ ‎48．A girl came in and sat beside me.She was dressed like a student.‎ ‎→A girl，dressed like a student，came in and sat beside me.‎ ‎49．I saw a tall and handsome man.They called him Jackson.‎ ‎→I saw a tall and handsome man called Jackson.‎ ‎50．The bridge was built in 1900.It is still in use.‎ ‎→The bridge，built in 1900，is still in use.‎ ‎→Built in 1900，the bridge is still in use.‎ Ⅰ.单元知识回顾(共30小题；每题2分，满分60分)‎ ‎1．与put有关的短语 ‎(1)put forward提出；推荐；拨快；将……提前 ‎(2)put down写下；放下；镇压 ‎(3)put off推迟，延期 ‎(4)put out熄灭，扑灭；生产 ‎(5)put up张贴；搭起，建起；留某人过夜 ‎2．与conclusion/conclude有关的短语 ‎(1)reach/come to/arrive at/draw a conclusion得出结论 ‎(2)in conclusion＝to conclude总之，最后 ‎(3)conclude...from...从……中推断出……‎ ‎(4)conclude sth.with.../by doing...以……结束……‎ ‎3．与cure有关的短语 ‎(1)a cure for...……的治疗方法；治愈……的方法 ‎(2)cure sb.of sth.治愈某人的某种疾病；矫正/改正某人的不良行为 ‎4．与absorb有关的短语 ‎(1)absorb...into...把……吸入……‎ ‎(2)absorb...from...从……吸收……‎ ‎(3)be/get/become absorbed in＝absorb oneself in专心致志于 ‎5．suspect sb.of (doing) sth.怀疑某人(做)某事 ‎6．与blame有关的短语 ‎(1)be to blame (for sth.) (对某事)负有责任，应受责备 ‎(2)blame sb.for sth.因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人 ‎(3)blame sth.on sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事 ‎7．与announce/announcement有关的短语 ‎(1)announce sth.to sb.向某人宣告某事 ‎(2)It is announced that...据宣布……‎ ‎(3)make an announcement下通知；宣布 ‎8．与contribute/contribution有关的短语 ‎(1)contribute...to...把……捐献给……；向……投稿 ‎(2)contribute to捐赠；捐献；有益于；导致；投稿 ‎(3)make a contribution/contributions to对……作出贡献 ‎9．与sense有关的短语 ‎(1)make sense讲得通；有意义 ‎(2)make sense of懂得；了解……的意义 ‎(3)make no sense讲不通；没有意义 ‎(4)in a sense在某种意义上；在某种程度上 ‎10．与cautious/caution有关的短语 ‎(1)be cautious about/of对……谨慎 ‎(2)with caution小心翼翼地 Ⅱ.完成句子(共5小题；每题4分，满分20分)‎ ‎11．In autumn，it’s neither too hot nor too cold.‎ 在秋天，天气既不太热也不太冷。‎ ‎12．Every time I went to see her，she was absorbed in her research work.‎ 每次我去看她时，她都全神贯注于研究工作。‎ ‎13．They look so attractive that I think you could be interested in the exhibition.‎ 它们看上去很有吸引力，我认为你可能会对这个展览感兴趣。‎ ‎14．Only if you take more exercise will you be able to keep fit/healthy.只有多锻炼，你才能保持健康。‎ ‎15．With the boy leading the way，we found the house easily.‎ 有这个男孩带路，我们很容易找到了这所房子。‎ Ⅲ.知识运用于语境(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)‎ A Strange Disease When the construction of the firework factory came to the stage of painting，a pump was put in.Then，all the painters in the neighbourhood were defeated by a 16.severe(severely) disease 17.whose characteristic was similar to that of a bad burn.‎ An expert physician 18.was instructed(instruct) to attend to the victims and handle this case.He was enthusiastic，but he didn’t foresee that it was 19.a hard challenge.After simple enquiry，he announced that the 20.polluted(pollute) paint was to blame.But 21.without positive evidence，people suspected and rejected his view，saying the theory he put forward made no sense.Being much more strict with himself，he 22.contributed(contribute) himself to the case.Apart from making enquiries，he made detailed charts and analysed the data 23.cautiously(cautious)．Finally，he drew a 24.scientific(science) conclusion，linking the disease to the radium in the pump.Exposed to the radium，a kind of radioactive material in the universe，people absorbed radiation and got sick immediately.‎ Spinning the pump backward，he took away the radium.This simple movement cured all the 25.victims(victim).‎ 核心素养拓展练 素养解读　2017版《普通高中课程标准》首次提出“学科核心素养”。英语学科核心素养由语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力构成。随之而来，以后的英语考试将更加坚持能力立意，突出核心素养的考查。下面文段就是围绕“思维品质”这一学科素养展开，有助于学生了解人生哲理，知道在任何时候保持幽默的心情对我们的生活都有好处。‎ 主题：幽默　学科素养：思维品质 With all the wars，fighting and sadness in the world today，it’s not only necessary，but also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us get through each and every day of our lives.Putting a smile on someone’s face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps，makes me feel good and warms my heart.‎ ‎ ‎ How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife，husband，child，coworker，neighbor，close friend，or even just someone that you are standing in line with at your corner store？I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh，even if I don’t know the person I’m joking around with.My grandma always found humor in everything she did，even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine.This not only relieves stress in any situation，but also is common courtesy to speak to others that are around you.‎ I know of a few people that don’t have a funny bone in their bodies，as they say.‎ Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their faces.They don’t get the joke that makes others laugh.I am busting a gut while they just sit there，looking at me as if I were from outer space.How can people not get a really funny joke?‎ Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control.Without humor we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems，or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy.There is too much sadness in this present world.It drives people crazy.We all need to find a way to ignore the sadness and bring a little light into our lives.So，I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.‎ 语篇解读　面对生活中的不如意，保持一种幽默可以让人觉得心情更好。‎ ‎1．According to the author，humor is useful in the aspect that .‎ A．it makes people more confident B．it can pick up people’s spirits C．it can help get rid of the cruelty in the world D．it can help people get on well with others 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。从文章第一段和最后一段可以总结出答案。面对生活中的不如意，保持一种幽默感可以让人觉得心情更好。‎ ‎2．From the second paragraph，we can know that .‎ A．the writer is funny and polite B．family members should play tricks on each other C．the writer’s grandma is humorous D．we should relieve stress in any situation 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。从第二段后半部分可以看出作者举了她奶奶幽默的例子。‎ ‎3．The phrase “busting a gut” in the fourth paragraph can be replaced by “ ”．‎ A．explaining carefully B．speaking loud C．keeping silent D．laughing hard 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。理解这个词组需要结合上下文。本段讲的主要是不具有幽默感的一些人在听到很幽默的笑话后也不笑，和那些很幽默很爱笑的人做了一个对比。理解到这点就可以选出正确的答案了。‎ ‎4．What is the author’s attitude towards the present world?‎ A．Critical. B．Positive.‎ C．Satisfied. D．Indifferent.‎ 答案　A 解析　观点态度题。从文中最后一段不难看出，作者觉得现在的世界有太多的悲伤，有时候甚至可以把人逼疯，所以作者对现在的世界持一种批判的态度。‎ Notes Ⅰ.高频词汇 ‎1.essential adj.基本的，本质的 ‎2.courtesy n.礼貌，恩惠 ‎3.slight adj.轻微的，少量的 ‎4.medication n.药物；药物治疗；药物处理 Ⅱ.长难句分析 Putting a smile on someone’s face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps，makes me feel good and warms my heart.‎ 分析：这是一个由and连接的并列复合句。and前是“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补”结构，主语是Putting a smile on someone’s face，谓语是makes，宾语是me，宾补是feel good；and后是主谓宾结构，主语依然是Putting a smile on someone’s face，由于一样，就省略了，谓语是warms，宾语是my heart；when you know they are feeling down in the dumps是时间状语从句。‎ 翻译：当你知道有人情绪低落时，让他们的脸上露出笑容，会让我感觉很好并且温暖着我的心。‎