2019届一轮复习人教版选修6Unit3AhealthylifePeriod3Learningaboutlanguage

2019届一轮复习人教版选修6Unit3AhealthylifePeriod3Learningaboutlanguage

‎2019届一轮复习人教版选修6Unit3Period3Learning about language教案设计 ‎(The use of “it”<1>)‎ Introduction In this period students will be warming up by fast reading, summing up the use of it and doing vocabulary and grammar exercises. The class will be ended by students taking a quiz.‎ Objectives ■ To help students learn about the use of it ■ To help students discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions ■ To help students discover and learn to use some useful structures Procedures ‎1 Warming up by fast reading Nice too see you on this bright cool morning. To warm up let’s do a fast reading of a piece of latest news about smoking in China. Read for the key idea and supporting details.‎ Chinese smokers burn 3 more cigarettes than world average 中国烟民吸烟数比世界平均数多三支 Source: Xinhua Newswire, 2005-05-09‎ A recent survey carried out by China Horizon Research shows Chinese smokers burn 15.8 cigarettes per day, which is three more than the world average 13. The survey also tells us the number of male smokers is much larger.‎ Average money paid for each pack of cigarettes is 4.6 yuan. Zhejiang smokers are the most lavish with their habit. They averagely pay nine yuan for each pack, while Hunan smokers pay an average of three yuan per pack.‎ Most smokers' educational level is low. Eighty percent of them have only received a high school education or lower.‎ ‎2. it句型大归纳 ‎1. It is + 被强调部分 + that ...　 　‎ 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。把这种句型结构划掉后，留下的应该是一个完整的句子，这是判断该句是强调句型还是其它从句的方法。 ‎ It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. ‎ It was they that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday. ‎ It was in the street that I met her father. ‎ ‎2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ... 直到……才……‎ 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强调时间状语，可以说是 not ... until ... 的强调形式。 ‎ It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.‎ ‎= Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.‎ ‎= I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. ‎ ‎3. It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain....) that ..... ……是清楚（显然，确切，肯定．．．）的 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 　　‎ It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. 　　‎ ‎= That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear. ‎ ‎4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural...) that ...‎ 该句型和3同属一个句型。that 后的从句中需用虚拟语气should + 动词原形（should 可省去）。‎ It is important that we (should) learn English well. 　　‎ It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. ‎ ‎5. It is said (reported, learned....) that ... 据说（据报道，据悉……）‎ 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句。　　‎ It is said that he has come to Beijing. 　　‎ It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.‎ ‎6. It is suggested ( ordered ... ) that ... 据建议；有命令……‎ 该句型同属上。主句中的过去分词表示请求，建议，命令等意，that　后的从句要用虚拟语气should + 动词原形（should 可省去）。　　‎ It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. 　‎ It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. ‎ ‎7. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ... 竟然……‎ 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气should + ‎ 动词原形（should可省去）,表示出乎意料。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 ‎ It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class.‎ 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ 　‎ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！ ‎ ‎8. It is time ( about time ,high time ) that ... 是（正是）……的时侯了 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是① 常用过去时态表示虚拟．② 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省。　　‎ It is time that children should go to bed. 　　‎ ‎= It is time that children went to bed. ‎ ‎9. It is the first ( second ... ) time that ... 是……第一（二）次……‎ 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this 替换。 ‎ It is the first time I have been here. ‎ ‎= This is the first time I have been here. ‎ ‎10. It is .... since ...‎ 该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。 　　‎ It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died. ‎ ‎11. It is ... when ... 当……的时候，是……‎ 该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。It was 5 o’clock when he came here. ‎ ‎12. It be ... before ... ……才……；……就……‎ 该句型主句中的 it 指时间, 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。‎ It was quite a long time before he realized his mistake. ‎ It will be not long before he finishes his job. ‎ ‎13. It happens (seems, looks, appears ) that... 碰巧……；看来……‎ 该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen , seem等词是不及物动词． 　　‎ It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 　‎ It seems that he will be back in a few days. ‎ ‎14. It takes sb. ... to do sth. 做……要花费某人……‎ 该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间。 　　‎ It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. ‎ ‎15. It is no good (use ) doing sth.‎ 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no good , ( not any good ) , no use , ( not any use )。 　　‎ It is no good learning English without speaking English. ‎ ‎16. It doesn’t matter whether ( if ) ... 不论（是否）……没关系……‎ 该句型中whether(if) 引导的从句是真正主语。 　　　‎ It doesn’t matter if they are old. ‎ ‎17. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth.‎ 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有： bad , brave , careless, clever , cruel , foolish , good （好心的）, honest , horrible , kind , lazy , modest , naughty , nice（有教养的）, polite, rude , silly , stupid , wise , wrong（错误的）等。 ‎ 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. 　 ‎ It is kind of you to say so. ‎ ‎= You are kind to say so. ‎ ‎18. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth.‎ 该句型同上。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示事情的重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有：① important, necessary, natural ② easy , safe , common , normal , hard , difficult , dangerous , unusual, rare , impossible , pleasant等。 　　‎ 在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写， 如： 　　‎ It is important for her to come to the party. ‎ ‎= It is important that she (should ) come to the party ‎= That she (should) come to the party is important. ‎ ‎19. It looks ( seems) as if ... 看起来好象……‎ 该句型中it无意义。 as if 引导一个状语从句。如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气． ‎ It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）　 ‎ It looks as if he were ill. （没有生病） ‎ It seemed as if he were dying. ‎ ‎20. We think it important to learn a foreign language.‎ 该句型中的it 做形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为"6123结构"。‎ ‎6指主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel；‎ ‎1指的是形式宾语it； 　‎ ‎2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；‎ ‎3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。 　‎ We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. 　 ‎ He felt it important learning English well. 　‎ They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.‎ ‎3. Doing vocabulary and grammar exercises Now it’s time to do the vocabulary and grammar exercises on page 20 &21. Write your answers just in the blanks on the very pages of 20&21. ‎ ‎4. Closing down by taking a quiz 高考单选题中的“it”‎ ‎1. In fact ______ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. (2001上海)‎ A. this B. that C. there D. it ‎ ‎2. The parkers bought a new house but _____ will need a lot of work before they can move in. (2001全国)‎ ‎ A. they B. it C. one D. which ‎ ‎3. —He was nearly drowned once. ‎ ‎—When was _____? ‎ ‎—______ was in 1998 when he was in middle school. (2002京蒙皖春招)‎ A. that, It B. this, This C. this, It D. that, This ‎ ‎4. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ______.(2002全国)‎ ‎ A. it what to do with B. what to do it with ‎ C. what to do with it D. to do what with it ‎ ‎5. Bill’s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, _____?(2004上海)‎ ‎ A. isn’t it B. is it? C. isn’t he D. is he ‎ ‎6. The Foreign Minister said, “_______ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2004北京)‎ ‎ A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is ‎ ‎7. —Do you like _____ here?‎ ‎—Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. (2004全国II)‎ ‎ A. this B. these C. that D. it ‎ ‎8. I like _____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004全国I)‎ ‎ A. this B. that C. it D. one ‎ ‎9. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years ____ I enjoyed myself so much. (2005安徽)‎ A. when B. that C. before D. since ‎ ‎10. It was some time ____ we realized the truth. (2005山东)‎ A. when B. until C. since D. before ‎11. _______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. （2006浙江）‎ ‎ A. As B. That C. This D. It ‎ ‎12. If I can help _____ , I don’t like working late into the night. (2006全国I)‎ A. so B. that C. it D. them ‎ Keys 1. D。it 在句中做形式主语，真正的主语是to keep order in an important football match。句意为: 实际上，在一次重大的足球赛中，对警察来说，维持秩序是一项很难的工作。2. B。it指代前面提到的单数名词，指同一事物，此句中指a new house；而one指“同名异物”；which引导定语从句，但题干中有连词but，并非从句，which不妥；A为复数，更易排除。‎ ‎3. A。用that指代上文提到的事，避免了重复；it指代时间。4. C。know后可接“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语。可排除A、D。what作do的宾语。即do sth. with sth/sb.“采取措施处理某事或对待某人”。5. A。此句是含宾语从句的主从复合句，主句是肯定句，最佳答案是A。6. D。此题考查代词用法。this/that不能作形式主语；there be只通用于某处有某物。‎ ‎7. D。此题考查代词用法。this, that, these作代词都要明确指示对象，而it可以作形式宾语，没有固定的意思。8. C。此题考查代词用法。A、B指代物或事时都有明确要求，D必须指代可数名词单数或表数量，而题中并没有明示，所以选用法最广的C。9. D。句意：我多年没玩得如此痛快了。enjoy是延续性动词，主句时间应从 enjoyed结束时算起。10. ‎ D。此题题意为：一段时间以后我才意识到了事实的真相。11. D。 12. C。‎