2019届一轮复习外研版选修六Module3InterpersonalRelationships

2019届一轮复习外研版选修六Module3InterpersonalRelationships

Module 3 Interpersonal relationships—Friendship学案 ‎ 基础自主回顾 Ⅰ.课标单词 1．__________(adj.)亲密的，亲近的 2．__________(v.)信赖，信任 3．__________(n.)数量 4．__________(v.)筹措(金钱) 5．__________(v.)面对(危险、困难) 6．__________(v.)数 7．__________(v.&n.)吵架 8．__________(v.)后悔，悔恨 9．__________(v.)原谅，宽恕 10．__________(v.)责备，申斥 close trust amount raise confront count quarrel regret forgive scold 11．__________(v.)擦伤，划伤 12．__________(v.)撕破，撕裂 13．__________(n.)权利，特权 14．__________(v.)逃跑，逃走 15．__________(v.)提到，涉及 16. __________(n.)偷，盗窃→__________(n.)小偷，贼 17. __________(v.)(使)旋转，(使)摆动→__________(过去式)→__________(过去分词) 18. __________(v.)预言，预测→__________(n.)预言→_____________(adj.)可预测的 scratch tear privilege flee mention theft thief swing swang swung predict prediction predictable Ⅱ.常用短语 1．__________________偶尔，有时 2．_____________________转过身来 3．_________________筹款 4．____________________对……感到惭愧/羞耻 5．_____________________与某人关系很好 6．___________________使……想起 7．_________________反过来，作为交换 8．________________突然发出，突然……起来 from time to time turn round raise money ‎(be) ashamed of ‎(be) on good terms with bring...to mind in return burst out 9．____________(开车)撞伤，撞死 10．____________________对……失去兴趣 11．____________和好，和解 12．______________________保持联系 13．___________________与……失去联系 14．____________属于 knock...over lose interest in make up keep in touch with lose touch with belong to Ⅲ.重点句型 1．I remember ________I met Roy. 我记得我第一次遇见罗伊的情形。‎ 答案：the first time ‎2．He had always been a clever, hard－working student but now he ________ lose all interest in his work. 他一向是一个聪明勤奋的学生，但现在他好像对学习失去了所有的兴趣。‎ 答案：seemed to 3．My mouth ________ and I just looked at him. 我张着嘴，直盯着他。‎ 答案：fell open ‎4．____________impossible to find my daughter without the help of Friends Reunited. 要是没有老友重聚网站的帮助，我就不可能找到女儿。‎ 答案：It would have been Ⅳ.模块语法 1. (2007·陕西)________that she didn‘t do a good job, I don’t think I am abler than her. A. To have said　　　　B. Having said C. To say D. Saying 答案与解析：B　考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：虽然我说过她做的工作不太好，我认为我的能力并不比她强多少。Having said强调分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生；saying强调动作的同步发生。 2. (2007·海南、宁夏)“Goodbye，then，”she said, without even ________ from her book. A. looking down B. looking up C. looking away D. looking on 答案与解析：B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：她看着书甚至连头都没有抬，便说：“那么，再见。”look down低头看；look up抬头看；look away向旁边看；look on面向，观看。根据题意，故选B项。 3. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered ________ at the party, but not ________. A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave 答案与解析：C　remember后接“动词－ing形式”作宾语表示曾经做过的事。 4. ________from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated 答案与解析：C　句意：澳大利亚与其他大陆相分离已几百万年了，它有世界上其他国家见不到的植物。separate与主语是被动关系，而且“分离几百万年”在时间上早于“有不同的动植物”，所以空格处还要有完成的意味，同时具有“被动”和“完成”意味要用过去分词，这个句子我们也可用Separated from other continents for millions of years...也可用Having been separated....。 5. As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting ________. A. to use B. to be used C. to have used D. to be using 答案与解析：B　句意：随着二十世纪的结束，大量的民族文学素材唾手可得，等待我们去利用。此题中wait意为“等等，等候”，后接to do形式，同时要注意use和the raw materials是被动的关系，故正确答案是B项。 考点探究解密 考 点 解 读 1．amount n．数字；总数；数量 vi.总计；等于 精讲拓展： ①a large amount of 大量 ＝a great deal of a small amount of少量后接不可数名词 ②in large amounts大量地 ③in small amounts少量地 ④amount to达到，合计；相当，等于(to为介词) 特别提示： the amount of＋不可数名词 the number of＋可数名词复数谓语动词用单数 a large/small amount of＋不可数名词 谓语动词用单数 a large/small number of＋可数名词复数 谓语动词用复数 large amounts of＋不可数名词 large numbers of＋可数名词复数谓语动词用复数 ‎ 误区警示：千万不要混淆修饰可数名词和不可数名词的不同短语。 a large amount of指“大量”，修饰不可数名词。 朗文在线： ①It‘s best to cook vegetables in a small amount of water. 烹制蔬菜时最好少放水。 ②Dina encountered a fair amount of envy among her colleagues. 黛娜遭到了不少同事的妒忌。 ③In an invoice the amount of money should be written both in words and in figures. 发票上的钱数要用文字和数字写出来。‎ 命题方向：a large amount of短语的用法及其他表示数量的短语是高考试题中经常考查到的，也与主谓一致联系考查。 活学巧练： (1)His debts amount_to five thousand dollars.(替换)________ (2)His answer ______________ (等于)a refusal. (3)No ________ (许多) of lies can cover it up.‎ add up to amounts to amount (4)________ coal ________sent into cities since October last year. A. A large amount of; have been B. Large amounts of; have been C. A large number of; has been D. Numbers of; have been 答案与解析：B　coal是不可数名词，可排除C、D项，因为number及其构成的短语只修饰可数名词。a large amount of＋不可数名词，其后谓语动词用单数；large amounts of＋不可数名词，其后谓语动词用复数。 2．raise v．筹措；提高；增加；抚养；饲养；提出 The use of animals in scientific tests raises some difficult ethical questions. 精讲拓展： ①raise money筹款 ②raise one’s voice提高嗓门 ③raise a question提出问题 ④raise one‘s eyes举目(向上)看 ⑤raise one’s hand to sb.向某人举起手 误区警示：raise是及物动词，rise是不及物动词。 朗文在线： ①They are thinking of raising the ceiling in the kitchen. ‎ 他们正在考虑升高厨房的天花板。 ②We have no plans to raise taxes at present. 目前我们没有提高税收的计划。 ③We are raising money to pay for a new hospital ward. 我们正在筹集资金建一个新病房。 ④A number of objections were raised at the meeting. 会上提出了许多反对意见。‎ 命题方向：在完形填空中，根据语境设置raise的动词辨析。 活学巧练： (1)He ________ (抬起) his arms above his head. (2)The price was ________ (增加到)￡10. (3)I don‘t wish the subject to be ________ (提出)again. (4)They ________ (养活) a family in that village.‎ raised raised to raised raise 3．count vt.数，计算；包括；认为，看作 n．计算，总数 There were fifty people in the bus, counting/including the children. 精讲拓展： ①countable adj.可数的 ②beyond/out of count不计其数，数不尽 ③count...as...算作是，把……当作…… ④count out不算在内 ⑤count in算入 ⑥count up共计，把……加起来 ⑦count on/upon依靠，指望 ⑧count for nothing毫无价值，不足信 注意：count on相当于rely on/depend on，其后可跟sth./sb. to do sth.或it that从句。‎ 误区警示：作为多义词，应注意count在不同语言情景中的具体运用。 朗文在线： ①Sarah can count up to five now. 萨拉现在能数到5。 ②There are five people in the family counting my parents. 我家有5口人，包括我父母在内。 ③First impression really does count. 第一印象确实很重要。 ‎ ‎④That doesn’t count. 那可不算数。 ⑤Raise your leg and hold for a count of ten. 抬起一条腿，保持这种姿势，直到数到10。 ⑥The bus driver did a quick count of the empty seats. 公共汽车司机很快地数了数空位。‎ 命题方向：根据具体的语言情景，考查count的灵活运用。 活学巧练：完成句子 (1)Every second ________ (重要)． (2)They ________ (认为)it an honor to help the disabled people. (3)You can‘t always ________ (指望)the help from others. (4)He is dishonest. So his promise _____________________ (不可信)． (5)他们把帮助残疾人看作一种荣耀。 _______________________________________________‎ counts count count on counts for nothing They count it an honour to help the disabled people. (5)The manager says he needs an assistant that he can ________ to deal with the problems that may occur in his absence. A. depend B. turn up C. count up D. count on 答案与解析：D　count on/upon表示“依靠，指望”，同depend on; turn up为“出现，(声音等)调大”；count up为“共计，把……加起来”。 4．mention v．提及，说起，谈到；n(一般用单数)提到，涉及到 精讲拓展： ①mention sth.to sb.向某人提到某事 don’t mention it不用谢 mention that...提到…… not to mention更不用说 it is worth mentioning that...值得一提的是…… above mentioned/mentioned above上述的，前面提到的 ②there‘s no mention没有提到 make no mention未提及，没说到 误区警示：Don’t mention it.意为“不用客气”。常用在情景会话中，当对方向你表示感谢用“Thank you.”时，礼貌地回答对方可用“Don‘t mention it.”。 —Thank you for you kind ‎ help. —Don’t mention it. 朗文在线： ①It‘s worth mentioning that the new regulations don’t actually come into force until next year. 值得一提的是新的规章制度要到明年才真正生效。 ①He made no mention of his wife‘s illness to me. 他没有向我提起他妻子生病的事。 ②Jenny mentioned something about a party on Saturday. 珍妮提到了星期六举行一个聚会的事。 ③I mentioned the idea to Joan, and she seemed to like it. 我向琼提起过这个想法，她似乎很喜欢。 命题方向：Don’t mention it.作为客套语的使用和not to mention的用法，在高考中常常作为交际用语来考查。 活学巧练：汉译英 (1)他提到他遇到一些问题，但没有作说明。 _______________________________________________ (2)值得一提的是新的规章制度要到明年才能真正生效。 __________________________________________________ (3)他有一所大房子和一辆昂贵的汽车，且不说在法国还有一座别墅了。 ___________________________________________________ 答案：(1)He mentioned that he was having problems，but he didn‘t explain. (2)It is worth mentioning that the new regulations don’t actually come into force until next year. (3)He has a large house and an expensive car，not to mention a villa in France. 5．confront v．面对危险、困难 精讲拓展： confront sb. with sb./sth. 使某人面对/正视(令人不快的)人/物 be confronted with＝be faced with面对…… 词语辨析：confront与face ①confront强调其不可避免性，暗示需要决心与勇气才能解决面临的问题。 He confronted her with a choice between her career and their relationship. 他要她在事业和他们两人关系之间作出抉择。 ②face只表明面对面或面临这一事实，常强调采取的行动或所持的态度。 It‘s not always easy to face the truth. 承认事实并不总是一件容易的事。 朗文在线： ①She could not bear to be confronted with the truth. ‎ 要她面对事实，她可受不了。 ②At the beginning we were confronted with many difficulties. 刚开始我们遇到了许多困难。 ③He chose to escape because he dared not confront his problems. 他选择逃避，因为他没有胆量面对那些问题。‎ 命题方向：confront作为体现新课标的词汇，在完形填空中常常考查。 活学巧练：完成句子 (1)面对罪证，她供认不讳。 When ________the evidence of her guilt she confessed. (2)上班第一天，我就面临一个主持会议的任务。 On my first day at work, I ________a task of chairing a meeting. (3)军人必须面对危险。 翻译：______________________________________________‎ 答案：(1)confronted with/she was confronted with　(2)was confronted with　(3)A soldier has to confront danger. 6．burst out突然发生，突然……起来 He burst out crying. 精讲拓展： ①burst forth突发；忽然出现 ②burst in闯进来(不带宾语) ③burst in upon sb.突然出现在某人面前 ④burst into闯入；突然……起来 ⑤burst into laughter/tears大笑/放声大哭 ⑥be bursting to do极欲干某事 误区警示：burst out后面接v.－ing形式。 朗文在线： ①They all burst out laughing at the expression on her face. 看到她脸上的表情，他们都大笑起来。 ②“I don’t believe it！”She burst out angrily. 她愤愤然脱口而出：“我才不信呢！” ③Benny suddenly burst into tears. 本尼突然放声大哭。‎ 命题方向：考查burst构成的不同短语的区别。 活学巧练： (1)How dare you ___________(闯入)on us without knocking! (2)A major new talent ___________(突然出现)on the literary scene. (3)She _________________(迫不及待)tell him the good news. (4)看见他的妈妈，那个婴儿突然大哭起来。 ‎ Seeing his mother, the baby ________. (5)战争爆发于十二月，那时人们正期待着圣诞节的到来。 The war ______________in December when people were expecting Christmas.‎ burst in burst was bursting to burst out crying burst out 7．make up编造，和解，弥补，化妆，打扮，构成 The teacher asked the students to make up a poem about Christmas. 精讲拓展： ①make up for sth.赔偿，补偿，弥补 ②make up to sb.讨好或巴结某人 ③make for朝……移动 ④make out辨认出；理解；写出 ⑤make it成功 ⑥make a difference有关系，有影响 ⑦make believe假装 ⑧make fun of取笑 ⑨make sense讲得通，有道理 ⑩make sure/certain确定，弄清 B11make up one‘s mind决定 B12make the most of充分利用 误区警示： make在英语中，使用非常灵活，应切实注意由它构成的短语。 朗文在线： ①They needed an excuse for their being late, so they made one up. 他们要为迟到找个借口，所以就编出一个来。 ②They quarrelled the other day but they made up soon. 前几天他们吵过架，但很快就和好了。 ③Eleven players make up a football team. 十一名队员组成一个足球队。‎ 命题方向：考题中会出现由make构成的短语在语境中的辨析。 活学巧练： (1)He ________(捏造)a wonderful story to explain his absence. (2)Mary and John quarrelled, but ________(言归于好)after a while. (3)Because you were ill, you’ll have to ________(弥补)the final exam. (4)The actors were ______________(化妆)when we ‎ arrived. (5)He has never really ________(有所成就)as an actor. (6)It‘s my first holiday for two years so I’m going to _______________________(好利用)it.‎ made up made up make up making up made it make the best/most of (7)He was absent for weeks, so he had a lot of work to ________. A. make out B. make up C. make of D. make over 答案与解析：B　make up意为“弥补”，符合题意；make out“理解，辨认”；make over“重做”；make...of“使……成为”。 8．knock over撞翻，打翻，撞死，撞伤 精讲拓展： ①knock down把……撞倒 ②knock at敲(门、窗等) ③knock into sb.撞到某人身上 ④knock...out of...把……从……中敲出来 ⑤knock off碰掉，碰下来；停止工作；减价 ⑥knock out击败，淘汰 朗文在线： ①The blast from the explosion knocked him unconscious. 他被爆炸的冲击震昏了。 ②The passing motorbike almost knocked the old man down. 路过的摩托车差点把老人撞倒。 活学巧练： (1)Mike ________ by a car yesterday and then was sent to hospital at once. 昨天迈克被车撞倒了并很快被送进了医院。 (2)He________his opponent________three times in the first round. 他第一局就将对手击倒了三次。‎ 答案：(1)was knocked down　(2)knocked...out 9．keep in touch with sb.和某人保持联系 精讲拓展： ①keep/stay/be in touch(with sth.)了解某事 ②be in touch with...和……有联系 ③be out of touch with＝get out of touch with ‎ 脱离，不了解，失去联系 ④bring/put...in/into touch with使接触，使认识 ⑤get in touch with...和……取得联系 ⑥lose touch with...和……失去联系 朗文在线： ①Wherever you go, keep in touch with me, please. 无论你去哪里，请与我保持联络。 ②I‘ve lost touch with most of my friends from college. 我与大学时代的大多数朋友已经失去了联系。 ③Your doctor should be able to put you in touch with a specialist. 你的医生应该能够安排你与一位专科医生取得联系。 活学巧练： As is known, mobile phones make it possible for people to ________ each other conveniently. A. keep in touch with B. get in touch C. lose touch with D. be connected 答案与解析：A　keep in touch with与……保持联系，符合题意。根据句意可排除C；B项缺with。 10．It would have been impossible to find my daughter without the help of Friends Reunited.要是没有老友重聚网站的帮助，我就不可能找到女儿。 此句型为虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反。相当于It would have been impossible to...if...hadn’t... 精讲拓展： would have been是虚拟语气结构，表示与过去的事实相反的假设。without(相当于but for)引导的介词短语表示虚拟条件，相当于一个if引导的虚拟条件句。既可表示与现在的事实相反的假设，又可表示与过去的事实相反的假设。 朗文在线： ①Man couldn‘t live without water or air(＝if there were no water or air)． 没有水和空气人类就不能生存。 ②I could not have finished the work so soon without your help(if you had not helped me＝if it hadn’t been for your help)． 没有你的帮助，我就不可能那么快完成工作。 活学巧练： (1)________the aid from the government, the earthquake－stricken areas ________greater loss. A. Apart from; should have suffered B. But for; would have suffered C. Without; could ‎ suffer D. Except for; would have suffered 答案与解析：B　本题是对虚拟语气的考查。‎ but for＝if...not，此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。 (2)But for your help, I ________ the place. A. can‘t find B. can’t have found C. couldn‘t have found D. haven’t found 答案与解析：C　But for＝Without＝If you had not helped me.根据虚拟语气的结构，主句应用sb. could (not) have done。 11．非谓语动词的having done形式 (1)动词的having done形式又叫现在分词的完成式，由“having＋动词－ed”形式构成。它表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，在句中作原因状语或时间状语。 Having worked for a whole day, he needs to have a good rest. 辛苦了一整天，他该好好休息一下了。(作原因状语) (2)如果动作与其逻辑主语是被动关系，则用现在分词完成式的被动式：having been done。 Having been given such a good chance, how could he let it pass away? 被提供了这样一个好机会，他怎么能让它浪费掉呢？ Having been translated into several languages, the book became famous all over the world. 译成多种语言以后，这本书已闻名世界了。 (3)现在分词完成式的否定形式为：not having done。 Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 由于没有得到回复，他决定再写一次。 12. 非谓语动词的－ing形式和to do形式的区别 (1)有些动词既可接－ing形式，也可接不定式作宾语，意思上区别不太大。 ①在begin, continue, hate, like, love, prefer, neglect等动词之后，用－ing形式表示通常、习惯的动作；用不定式表示某次具体的动作。 例如： I don‘t like to disturb you.我(这回)不想打扰你。 I don’t like having meals in bed. 我(一贯)不喜欢在床上吃饭。 但在以下句型中必须用不定式：主语＋would/should like＋to do... I should like to stay here.我想留在这里。 They wouldn‘t like to wait.他们不愿意等待。 ②在deserve, need, require, want等动词后面的－ing 的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于被动语态的不定式。 My shirt needs ironing.(＝My shirt needs to be ironed.) 我的衬衣该熨了。 Your car urgently required seeing to.(＝Your car urgently required to be seen to.) 你的车急需修理。 ③在advise, allow, encourage, permit, recommend等动词后，接－ing形式作宾语，接不定式形式作宾语补足语。 Mr. Smith doesn’t permit going to sleep in class. 史密斯先生不允许在课堂上睡觉。 Mr. Smith doesn‘t permit his students to go to sleep in class. 史密斯先生不允许学生在课堂上睡觉。 (2)有些动词后接－ing形式和不定式作宾语在意思上有很大区别。 ①forget, remember, regret等动词的－ing形式表示已经发生的动作；不定式表示将要发生的动作。例如： He has forgotten meeting her last year. 他忘了去年曾见过她。 He has forgotten to meet her. 他忘了要去见她。 ②try和mean try＋不定式，表示“努力，企图”。try＋－ing，表示“试一试某种办法”。 Philip tried to answer each question by himself. 菲利普设法努力使自己回答每一个问题。 The coffee was very bad, he tried putting some sugar in it. 这咖啡味道很不好，他试着在里面放些糖。 mean＋不定式，表示“意欲”，“打算”；mean＋doing表示“意味着”，“意思是”。例如： I didn’t mean to make you angry. 我不是有意让你生气。 Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。 活学巧练： (1) I smell something ________ in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute? A．burning　　　　　B．burnt C．being burnt D．to be burnt 答案与解析：A　现在分词作宾补。 (2)________ his homework, the boy went out to play. A．To finish B．‎ Finished C．Finishing D．Having finished 答案与解析：D　“完成”这个动作发生在谓语动词之前，应用having done形式。 (3) The Town Hall ________ in the 1800‘s was the most distinguished building at that time. A．to be completed B．having been completed C．completed D．being completed 答案与解析：C　过去分词做定语。 (4)________ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A．Dressed B．To dress C．Dressing D．Having dressed 答案与解析：A　过去分词做状语。 (5) The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ________ at the end of last March. A．has been launched B．having been launched C．being launched D．to be launched 答案与解析：B　独立主格结构作状语，补充说明前面的句子。 考 题 演 练 ‎1. The government plans to bring in new laws ________ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced 答案与解析：B　force所表示的动作和其逻辑上的主语the new laws之间是主动关系，故可排除A和C，又因为force所表示的动作和谓语动词plans是同时发生的，所以用现在分词作定语。 2．—My mother is preparing my favorite dishes. Go with me and have a taste, okay? —________. And I‘ll be glad to meet your parents. A. I think so B. I’d love to C. I‘m sure D. I hope so 答案与解析：B　句意：—我妈妈在准备我最爱吃的菜。和我一起去尝尝，好吗？—我愿意去。我也很想见见你的父母。A项为“我认为是这样”；B项为“我愿意去”；C项为“我确信”；D项为“我希望是这样”。 ‎ ‎3． The wine industry in the area has developed in a special way, ________ little foreign ownership. A. by B. of C. with D. from 答案与解析：C　句意：这个地区的葡萄酒工业在几乎没有外国投资的情况下用一种特殊的方式发展起来了。with在此表示“具有”之意。 4．—Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is? —She ________ in the classroom. I saw her there just now. A. shall be B. should have been C. must be D. might have been 答案与解析：C　句意：——你好，汤姆，你知道简在哪儿吗？——她肯定在教室里。刚才我还见她了。由句意知：她现在肯定在教室。should have done表示本来应该做而没做好；might have done表示过去可能做过……；shall用在第三人称的陈述句中只表示一种命令或警告语气，均不合题意。 5．—Could I ask you a rather personal question? —Sure, ________. A. pardon me B. go ahead C. good idea D. forget it 答案与解析：B　本题考查情景实际。句意：——我能问你一个私人问题吗？当然，问吧。go ahead强调鼓励、允许别人去做某事。 6． ________to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed 答案与解析：D　考查非谓语动词作状语，与主语构成主谓关系。 7．—I can‘t repair these until tomorrow, I’m afraid. —That‘s OK，there’s________. A. no problem B. no wonder C. no doubt D. no hurry 答案与解析：D　句意：——恐怕我得到明天才能修好这些东西。——没关系，不着急。由句意可知应选D项。 8． Einstein liked Bose‘s paper so much that he ________ his own work and translated it into German. A. gave off B. turned down C. took over D. set aside 答案与解析：D　give off发出(光、热等)；turn down调低；拒绝；take over掌管，负责；set aside把……放在一边。由句意可知D项正确。 9． There is nothing more I can try________you to stay, so I wish you good ‎ luck. A．being persuaded　　　 B．persuading C．to be persuaded D．to persuade 答案与解析：D　try to persuade...“尽力去说服……。”I can try________you to stay为定语从句，省略了作try宾语的关系代词that。‎ 点评：考查动词用法及含义。 10． Surely it doesn't matter where the student associations get their money from; what ______ is what they do with it. A．counts B．applies C．stresses D．functions 答案与解析：A　该题考查动词词义辨析。count在此处意为“有价值，有意义”。句意：毫无疑问，学生会从哪儿弄到钱这无关紧要，重要的是他们用这钱来干什么。 点评：四个选项都可以作动词用，但stress只用作及物动词，意思是“强调”；apply和function都可用作不及物动词，但意思分别是“申请，适用”和“产生作用”，均不合句意。 ‎