仁爱英语中考总复习 八年级下Unit Unit 中考知识点总结

仁爱英语中考总复习 八年级下Unit Unit 中考知识点总结

‎2015年中考总复习 八年级下册Unit5-Unit6重要语法知识点复习 Unit5Topic1SectionB 1. How are you doing? =How are you? 你们好吗？多用于熟人之间的问候。‎ ‎ How are the things going?‎ ‎2 .invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 invite sb. (to sp.) 邀请某人（到某地）‎ e.g. Li Ming invited me to his party yesterday evening. ‎ 昨晚李明邀请我参加他的聚会。‎ ‎3 .one of + 形容词最高级+可数名词复数 ……中最……之一 e.g. Tom is one of the most lively boys in our class. ‎ 汤姆是我们班最活跃的男生之一。‎ ‎“one of +可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ e.g. One of the bags is mine. 其中一个书包是我的。‎ ‎4 .say thanks to sb.向某人表示感谢。类似的短语还有:say hello to sb.向某人问好；say good-bye to sb.向某人告别；say sorry to sb.向某人道歉。‎ e.g. He came here to say good-bye to me. 他来这里向我道别。‎ ‎5. He felt disappointed. 他感到很失望。‎ felt是feel的过去式。feel意为“感觉，感到”，是连系动词，后面接形容词作表语。类似的还有：taste(尝起来), smell(闻起来), look(看起来),sound(听起来)。eg.The music sounds wonderful.这音乐听起来很优美。‎ ‎6. 感官动词： smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，look(看起来)，sound(听起来)，feel(感觉到) 都为系动词，系动词还有get, turn, become ，be动词等。 后加形容词构成系表结构。‎ e.g. I feel very cold. 我觉得很冷。‎ The sky became dark. 天暗下来了。‎ His voice sounded strange on the phone. 他的声音在电话里听着挺怪的。‎ Unit5Topic1SectionB 1. seem unhappy为系表结构，意为“看起来不高兴”，unhappy为形容词。seem后除了可以加形容词构成系表结构外，‎ 还有以下常见的用法：seem to do sth. 看起来/似乎做某事 e.g. He seems to know the truth.他似乎知道真相。‎ It seems/ed+that(as if) 看起来……，看样子……‎ e.g. It seems that they know what they’re doing. 看起来他们知道自己在干什么。It always seemed as if they would get married. 他们一直看起来仿佛要结婚似的。‎ ‎2 .a ticket for/to sth. ……的票/入场券 e.g. a ticket to the concert 一张音乐会的入场券 ‎3.Beijing Opera=Peking Opera 京剧 Unit5Topic1SectionB ‎1.lonely 孤独的，寂寞的。alone与lonely比较:‎ alone既可作副词，又可作形容词，常在句中作表语和状语，说明客观存在。‎ e.g. She left for Shangqiu alone. 她独自去了商丘。(状语) ‎ Jim’s parents both went shopping. So he is alone at home.‎ 吉姆的父母都去买东西了。因此只有他自己在家。(表语)‎ lonely形容词，常在句中作表语、定语，侧重人的心理。‎ e.g. There is a lonely room on the side of the hill. ‎ 山坡上有一间孤零零的房子。(定语)‎ The old man seldom speaks to others, but he never feels lonely.‎ 那老人很少与其他人说话，但他从不感到寂寞。(表语)‎ ‎2.because of 因为，由于，介词短语，后跟名词或相当于名词的短语。‎ e.g. He was late for work because of illness yesterday. 他昨天因病上班迟到了。‎ because后跟状语从句。‎ e.g. She didn’t buy that car then because she hadn’t enough money at that time. ‎ 她当时没买那辆车，是因为她没有足够的钱。‎ ‎3 .noisy 嘈杂的，喧闹的，是noise的形容词形式。作“声音”讲的名词还有sound,voice。‎ noise 指令人不愉快的响声、说话声或嘈杂声。‎ e.g. Don’t make so much noise. 不要这样喧闹。‎ sound 指可以听到的任何声音。‎ e.g. He opened the door without a sound. 他悄无声息地开了门。‎ voice主要指人说话或唱歌时的声音，即“说话声，嗓音”。‎ e.g. He has a good voice. 他有一副好嗓子。‎ ‎4 .cheer up 使……振奋起来，使……高兴起来 e.g. Our teachers cheer us up in class every day. ‎ 老师使我们每天在课堂上都很高兴。‎ ‎ Cheer on 为……加油 U5T1SD ‎1. come into being 诞生，形成 e.g. The CPC came into being in 1921. 中国共产党诞生于1921年。‎ ‎2 .be full of 装满，充满，同义词组为be filled with。‎ e.g. The bottle is full of water.=The bottle is filled with water. 瓶子里装满了水。‎ ‎3 .be popular with...受……欢迎 e.g. Yao Ming is very popular with Chinese people. 姚明深受中国人的欢迎。‎ ‎4 .make peace with sb.与某人和解 e.g. I want to make peace with Li Hong after fighting. 我和李虹打架后想和解。‎ ‎…‎ ‎5. in the end ...最后（后面有其它成分）‎ in the end意思是终于； ‎ in the end of意思是在……结束的时候 by the end of意思是到…为止 at the end of意思是在……末端/终点/结尾  In the end,we found the house.我们终于找到了那所房子. I am all tired in the end of the day.一天下来我筋疲力尽.‎ ‎(这里in the end of=at the end of) Let me know by the end of the week.这个周末前给我回音.‎ U5T2SA ‎1 .此句为省略句，完整的句子是：Is there anything wrong?‎ e.g. Is there anything wrong with your head? 你的头有什么毛病吗？‎ ‎2. I’m sorry to hear that. 听到这我感到很难过。‎ be sorry to do sth. 很抱歉做某事 e.g. I’m very sorry to keep you waiting so long. 很抱歉让你等这么久。‎ 3. badly为副词，修饰动词的副词通常放在被修饰的动词之后。‎ 如：listen carefully, read quickly等。do badly in 在……方面做得不好，与do well in意思相反。‎ e.g. Why do you think you did so badly in your text? ‎ 你认为为什么你考得这么差？‎ He did very well in English when he was young. 他小时候就很擅长英语。‎ ‎4.be strict with 对……要求严格，后面接人作宾语。‎ e.g. The teacher is strict with us. 老师对我们要求很严格。‎ be strict about/in sth. 在……方面要求严格 e.g. His father is strict with him about/in study. ‎ 他的父亲在学习方面对他要求很严格。‎ ‎5.She feels very lonely because she has no friends to talk with. 他感到很寂寞，因为没有朋友可以聊天。‎ 不定式短语to talk with作后置定语修饰friends。‎ e.g. Mary, I can’t go there with you, because I have a lot of homework to do. ‎ 玛丽，我不能和你去那儿，因为我有许多家庭作业要做。‎ ‎6 .have a talk with sb.和某人交谈，talk在这里是名词,这个短语相当于talk with sb.。‎ e.g. You should have a talk with your son to know what he is thinking about.=‎ You should talk with your son to know what he is thinking about. ‎ 你应该和你儿子谈一谈，弄清楚他在想什么。‎ 类似词组有：have a walk散散步；have a look看一看。‎ ‎7.send sth.to sb.=send sb.sth. 把某物寄给某人，类似的用法还有 give sth.to sb.=give sb. sth.把某物给某人；‎ pass sth. to sb.=pass sb. sth.把某物传给某人。‎ e.g. He will send a postcard to his mother on Mother’s Day.=‎ He will send his mother a post-card on Mother’s Day.‎ ‎ 他要在母亲节那天寄给妈妈一张贺卡。‎ Could you give me that pen?= Could you give that pen to me? 你能把那支钢笔给我吗？‎ He passed the camera to her, so she could take a photo.=He passed her the camera so she could take a photo. 他把相机递给她，好让她照相。‎ send sb./sth. to do sth. 送某人/物做某事 e.g. I’ll send some workers to help you.我叫几个工人去帮助你。‎ ‎8 .need 需要，在此作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。need作实义动词时，同其他实义动词一样，有人称和时态的变化，其疑问和否定形式都要借助于助动词do/does/did。e.g. Do you need any help? 你需要帮忙吗？I don’t need your help, thank you. 谢谢，我不需要你来帮助。need在疑问句和否定句中可以作情态动词并且没有数和人称形式变化，后面接动词原形，其否定形式为need not/need’t。e.g. He need not take the exam. 他不必参加考试。‎ ‎9. take it easy. 别紧张，别着急。‎ e.g.Take it easy. You can do it very well. 别着急，你会做得很棒的。‎ ‎10 .try to do sth. 尽力做某事e.g. Try to stay calm. 努力保持冷静。‎ 1) try not to do sth. 尽量不做某事e.g. You should try not to be alone. 你应该尽量不要单独一个人。‎ ‎2)try doing sth. 尝试做某事 e.g. You should try doing it like others.你应该和其他人一样尝试去做。‎ U5T2SB ‎1. fail the exam= not pass the exam 考试不及格，‎ fail不及格，未通过。‎ e.g. What will you do if you fail? 如果你考试失败打算干什么？‎ fail to do sth. 失败、未能(做到)某事 e.g. Doctors failed to save the girl’s life. 医生们未能保住那女孩的命。‎ ‎2 .at one’s age 在某人的年龄时 e.g. Your father began to work at your age. 你父亲在你这个年龄就开始工作了。‎ at the age of... 在……岁时 e.g. At the age of seven, he could swim. 在7岁时，他就会游泳。‎ ‎3 .make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 laugh是宾语me的补足语。make后面的宾语补足语可以是不带to的不定式、名词、形容词、副词等。‎ e.g. We made him monitor. 我们选他当班长。‎ Illness always makes us sad, worried and ‎ frightened. 疾病总让我们难过、焦虑和恐惧。‎ Mr. White made us in. 怀特先生让我们进去了。‎ have和let与make一样，后面可以跟上不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，其结构为：make/have/ let sb. do sth.‎ e.g. The landlord made him work day and night in the old days.‎ ‎ 在旧社会，地主让他没日没夜地工作。‎ I’ll have someone clean out your room.我会叫人把你的房间打扫干净。‎ The policeman let him wait outside.警察让他在外面等。‎ ‎4 .I’m sure... 我相信……。sure为形容词，意为“确信的， 有把握的”。‎ ‎1)be sure + that从句 e.g. I’m sure (that) he is right. 我确信他是对的。‎ ‎2)be sure of +名词，意为“对……有把握”。‎ e.g. You are sure of a welcome at my house.‎ 无论你什么时候到我家来都会受到欢迎。‎ ‎3)be sure to do sth. 一定会做……‎ e.g. You are sure to win the game. 你们一定会赢得这场比赛。‎ ‎5 There, there! 好啦,好啦！there在这里是语气词，表示安慰别人。‎ ‎6 .Would you please ...? ……好吗？是一种委婉客气的请求，后接动词原形；Would you like ...?意思相当于Do you want...?你想/愿意……吗？……好吗？后接名词或to do sth.; Would you mind ...? ……你介意吗？后接doing sth.。‎ e.g. Would you please help me with my English? 请帮我学习英语好吗？‎ e.g. Would you like to pass the salt to me?‎ 把盐递给我好吗？‎ Would you mind using your book for a while?‎ 借你的书用一会儿，你介意吗？‎ ‎7. suggestion 建议，提议，可数名词。‎ e.g. I’d like to hear your suggestions for ways of raising money. ‎ 关于筹集资金的办法，我想听听你的意见。‎ make a suggestion 提建议 e.g. Can I make a suggestion? 我提个建议好吗？‎ U5T2SC ‎1 .How time flies! 是How quickly time flies!的简略形式。‎ 时间过得真快！（时光飞逝！）‎ ‎2 .What’s more 此外，而且，是插入语，是一种独立成分，可置于分句或句子之首、之尾或之中。‎ e.g. What’s more, he is only a nine- year-old boy. 此外，他只是一个九岁大的男孩。‎ ‎3. (1)not as/so ... as ... 不如……，和……不一样……。注意：‎ not as/so ... as ... 中间用形容词或副词的原级。‎ e.g. Li Ting isn’t as/so tall as Hu Ming.李婷没有胡明高。‎ ‎(2) as usual 像平常一样，用作状语。‎ e.g.That day, he got up early as usual, but he missed his bus. ‎ 那天，他起得像往常一样早，可是他却未赶上公交车。‎ ‎4 (1)be used to sth. 习惯，适应 get/be used to doing sth.习惯于做……‎ e.g. He can’t get used to the weather here.他不习惯这儿的天气。‎ I am used to getting up early. 我习惯于早起。‎ ‎(2)used to do sth.过去常常做某事（现在不做了）‎ e.g. I used to watch TV after supper. 以前晚饭后我常看电视。‎ ‎5 accept 收到，接受，同义词还有receive。 receive表示客观上收到别人给予的东西，不含收件人是否愿意接受；而accept 则强调主观上愿意接受。‎ e.g. Our teacher always receives many cards on Teachers’Day. ‎ 我们的老师在教师节总会收到许多卡片。‎ He asked her to marry him and she accepted. 他向她求婚，她接受了。‎ ‎6. be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事，可与be afraid of doing sth. 转换。‎ e.g. The little boy is afraid to touch the fire again.=‎ The little boy is afraid of touching the fire again. 那男孩再也不敢碰火了。‎ be afraid of (doing) sth. 害怕（做）某事（物）‎ e.g. The girl is afraid of dogs. 这个女孩怕狗。‎ I’m afraid of going out alone at night. 晚上我不敢独自外出。‎ U5T2SD ‎1 .deal with 处理，解决，对付，后接名词。‎ e.g. Who will help you to deal with the problem?谁愿帮你解决这个问题呢？‎ 同义短语：do with处置，处理(可换用)‎ e.g.What did you do with the old books? 你怎么处理那些旧书？‎ ‎2 .go mad发疯，go在此是连系动词，后多跟形容词，意思是“变得，变为，成为，处于某种状态”。‎ e.g. Her hair is going grey. 她的头发在变白。‎ ‎3. elder, old 的比较级，意为“年龄较大的，年长的”。old 有两个比较级，即older和elder。elder 只能用在表示称谓的名词前表示长、幼关系，不可作表语。‎ e.g. his elder sister 他的姐姐 ‎4. refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事 e.g.The student refused to do as the teacher said. 这个学生拒绝按照老师说的做。‎ ‎5 .be angry with/at sb. 生某人的气 ‎ e.g.Please don’t be angry with/at me. It wasn’t my fault. 请不要冲我发脾气，不是我的错。‎ be angry at/about sth. 因为某事而生气 e.g.The passengers were angry at/ about the delay. 延误使乘客气愤不已。‎ ‎6 .even though 即使，与even if 意思相同。‎ e.g. I’ll help you, even though/if I don’t sleep for a night. ‎ 即使我一夜不睡觉，也要帮助你。‎ though还有“虽然，可是，纵然”之意，引导让步状语从句，不与but在同一个句子当中连用，与because, so用法相同。‎ e.g. Though it was dark outside, he still went to the factory.=It was dark outside, but he still went to the factory. 虽然外面很黑，但他还是去了工厂。‎ ‎7. not...any longer 不再，相当于no longer。‎ ‎1) not...any longer 指时间上不再延长，多与持续性动词连用。‎ e.g. He didn’t live in Beijing any longer. 他不再住在北京了。‎ ‎2) not...any more = no more 指程度上或做某事的次数不再增加,多与短暂性动词连用。‎ e.g. You will not see him any more. 你将再也见不到他了。‎ U5T3SA 1. give (sb.) a speech 做报告，做演讲 e.g. Our school will invite a scientist to give us a speech about feelings next week.下周，我们学校将邀请一位科学家给我们做一个关于情感的报告。‎ U5T3SB ‎1 .①be confident about...意为“对……有信心”。‎ e.g. I’m confident about passing the exam.我有信心通过考试。We should be confident about ourselves.我们应该对自己有信心。‎ ‎2. in a bad mood 心情糟糕in a good mood心情愉快in good health 健康状况良好e.g. He is in good health all the time. 他身体状况一直很好。‎ ‎3 .What about doing sth.意为“做某事怎么样”，与How about doing sth.同义。‎ 类似提建议的句型还有：Why don’t you/we do sth.?Why not do sth.？Let’s do sth.We’d better do sth.‎ ‎4 .be proud of...以……为骄傲，同义词组为take (a) pride in...‎ e.g. I am proud of our great country.=I take(a) pride in our great country.我为我们伟大的祖国而感到骄傲。‎ 5. give sb. a surprise=give a surprise to ‎ sb.给某人一个惊喜，此句中surprise是名词，意为“惊喜，惊奇”。 to one’s surprise使某人惊奇的是；surprised作表语形容词，be surprised to do sth. 做某事感到惊奇；be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊奇surprising既可作表语，又可作定语。e.g. a surprising story 一个惊人的故事It’s very surprising. 非常惊奇。‎ ‎6 .put on在这里意为“上映,放映”。它还有“穿上,戴上”之意，反义词组为take off 脱掉，脱下。‎ e.g. They are going to put on a new play. 他们打算上映一部新剧。It’s very warm here. Take off your coat, please!这儿很暖和，请脱掉你的大衣吧！put常见的短语还有put sth.away 把某物收拾好；put off 推迟；put up挂起，举起，贴（广告等）；put out 扑灭，熄灭；put down 记下，放下等。‎ ‎2)play在这儿作名词，意为“戏剧，短剧”，它还可以作动词，意为“打，踢，玩，弹”。e.g. play basketball 打篮球play football 踢足球play the piano 弹钢琴The boy likes playing with his dog. 这个男孩喜欢和他的狗玩耍。‎ ‎7 .get ready for sth.意为“为某事做准备”。与“prepare for sth.”同义。‎ 后面还可以接动词不定式：get ready to do sth./prepare to do sth.e.g. We are getting ready for the party.我们正在为聚会做准备。‎ U5T3SC 1. especially 格外地，特别地，副词，通常用于强调某事物，或表示该事物比其他被谈论的事物更值得一提或更重要。‎ e.g. It can be especially difficult for drivers to see cyclists at night. 汽车司机夜间特别不容易看到骑车人。‎ ‎2 .be crowded with...意为“挤满了，充满了……”。‎ e.g. The amusement park is crowded with children.游乐园里挤满了孩子们。‎ 3. have trouble/difficult (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”。‎ e.g. I had trouble (in) finding my new house.我找到新房子有困难。‎ 4. hope to do sth.意为“希望做某事”，后面还可以接从句，但不能说“hope sb. to do sth.”。‎ e.g. We hope to win the game.我们希望赢得比赛。‎ ‎5. come to sb.意为“被想出，被想到”。‎ U5T3SD ‎1. in good spirits 心情好 e.g. All the workers are working in good spirits. 全体工人都心情愉快地工作。‎ ‎2. exercise 在此句中是动词，意为“锻炼”。‎ e.g. She is exercising in the gym. 她正在体育馆里锻炼。‎ exercise 还可作名词，意为“锻炼；练习”。 e.g. Li Gang often does morning exercises in the morning. 李刚在早晨经常做早操。‎ There are 6 math exercises on Page 20. 第20页上有6道数学练习。‎ ‎3 .think...over 认真考虑，仔细盘算 e.g. He would like more time to think things over. ‎ 他希望有更多的时间来把事情考虑周详。‎ think about 考虑(是否去做)‎ e.g. Did you think about going there by plane? 你考虑过乘飞机去那儿吗？‎ think of 想起，认为 e.g. She’s thinking of changing her job. 她在考虑换工作。‎ ‎4 .make a decision 做决定；make a good/bad decision 做出一个好的(坏的)决定。decide 决定，动词。decide to do sth.决定做某事。‎ e.g. They decided to help Jeff deal with his sadness. 他们决定帮助杰夫化解忧伤。‎ U6T1SA ‎1. a three-day visit为期三天的参观。数词+名词的单数构成形容词作定语，类似的短语还有：girls’ 800-meter race.女子八百米赛跑。‎ ‎2 .find out发现，查出真相 e.g. Can you find out the truth about it? 你能查出事情的真相吗？ 区分find, find out, look for 1)find找到,发现，通常指找到或发现具体的东西，强调找的结果。 e.g. I can’t find my shoes. 我找不到鞋子了。‎ ‎ 2)find out找出,发现,查明，多指通过调查询问、打听、研究之后“搞清楚,弄明白”，通常含有困难曲折的过程。‎ ‎ e.g. We may never find out the truth about what happened. ‎ 我们也许永远无法弄清发生了什么事。 ‎ ‎3)look for寻找，是有目的地找，强调“寻找”这一动作。‎ ‎ e.g. I’m looking for my keys. I can’t find them. ‎ 我在寻找我的钥匙。我找不到它们。‎ ‎3. I’ll ask the airline over the phone. 我将打电话问问航空公司。‎ 此句还可说成I’ll phone and ask the airline. phone既可作动词，意为“打电话”，也可作名词，意为“电话，电话机”。 e.g. May I use the phone in your office? ‎ 我可以借用你办公室的电话吗?‎ ‎4 .1)decide on/upon 决定，选定 e.g. We’re trying to decide on a school.‎ 我们正在设法选定一个学校。‎ ‎ 2)decide to do sth.决定要做某事 ‎ e.g. He decides to visit the Mount Huang this summer holiday. ‎ 暑假他决定要参观黄山。‎ ‎5 .the best way to do... 做……的最好方式，这里的动词作前面名词的定语。‎ ‎ e.g. The best way to keep healthy is to do more exercises. ‎ 保持健康的最好方式是多做运动。‎ U6T1SB ‎1. Kangkang is booking train tickets to Mountain Tai. 康康正预订到泰山的火车票。‎ 句中的book是动词，意为“订票，预订”,‎ 相当于order。order/book a room for sb./sth.为……订房间。‎ e.g. We want to book some rooms for 14th. 我们想预订一些14号那天的房间。‎ ‎2 .We have tickets at ￥145 for the hard sleeper and ￥224 for the soft sleeper.‎ 我们有硬卧票145元，软卧票224元。‎ ‎1)句中的介词at意为“以……，在……”，一般用于表示价格、比率、年龄、速度等词的前面。‎ e.g. He is driving at 70 mph. 他正以时速70英里的速度驾车行驶。‎ ‎2)句中的for意为“供，适合于”。‎ e.g. I’ve got two tickets for the Cup Final. 我弄到两张决赛的票。‎ ‎3 21 tickets for the hard sleeper =21 hard sleeper tickets ‎4 .pay for支付……的费用 e.g. I have to pay for the damage. 我不得不赔偿损失。‎ pay for sb. to do sth. 付钱给某人做某事 e.g. Her parents paid for her to go to America. 她的父母支付她去美国的费用。‎ pay some money for sth.花多少钱买某物 e.g. I paid ￥80 for the ticket. 我花了80元买这张票。‎ 与pay搭配的词组还有很多。如：pay back偿还，还钱（给某人）；pay off还清。‎ U6T1SC 1. borrow sth. from sb.从某人中借来某事物，相对于主语来说是借进来东西。eg. Can I borrow some books from you?我能从你那儿借些书吗？lend sth. to sb.把某物借给某人。相对于主语来说是借出去。eg. Can you lend your pen to me?你能把你的铅笔借给我吗？‎ ‎2.give a show演出，作秀。eg. The actors can give a show out in the open in afew minutes after they arrive.演员到达后，几分钟内就会演出。give sb. a show 给某人展示。eg. Let’s give our teachers a good show.让我们给我们的老师们一个良好的展示吧。eg.The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。‎ ‎3. put on 上演，穿上 ‎4 .1)look forward to意为“期待，盼望”，其中to是介词，不是不定式符号，后面应接名词、名词性词组、代词或动名词，且常用于进行时。‎ e.g. I’m really looking forward to our vacation. 我非常期待假期的到来。‎ ‎2) hear from sb.=get a letter, telephone call, etc. from sb.= receive a letter, telephone call, etc. from sb. 收到某人的来信、电话等。‎ e.g. I didn’t hear from my parents until now. I miss them very much. ‎ 直到现在我才收到父母的来信，我非常想念他们。‎ U6T1SD ‎1 .take photos 拍照 ‎2 .get to = reach = arrive in/at 到达某地 ‎3. sometimes 有时候 U6T2SA ‎1 .I’d like to speak to Michael. 我想找Michael 接电话。‎ 打电话时的常用语。也可以这样说：May I speak to Michael?找迈克尔接电话好吗？‎ ‎2.这是一种简略的说法，完整的说法是：I’m glad to receive your postcard. 类似的说法有：Nice to meet you. = I’m nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。‎ ‎3.这是一个由连词w h i l e 引导的时间状语从句。当一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作也同时在发生，有对比的意味，一般主从句都用现在进行时或过去进行时。‎ e.g. I was doing my homework while mom was cooking.妈妈做饭时，我在做作业。时间状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。e.g. W h ‎ i l e m o m w a s c o o k i n g, I w a s d o i n g m y homework.妈妈做饭时，我在做作业。需要注意的是：从句在前面时，主从句之间要用逗号隔开。‎ ‎4.be busy doing sth.忙于做某事，后面还可接 名词，即be busy with sth.忙于某事。‎ ‎5.make a plan to do sth.制订计划做某事。make a plan for sth.为某事制订计划。‎ ‎6.That would be very interesting. 那将会很有趣。‎ would意为“一定会；就会”，是情态动词，后接动词原形，表示猜测。‎ e.g. She would look nice with short hair. 她留短发会很好看。‎ ‎7.work out 算出，解决。‎ U6T2SB ‎1.cover: v.有多层含义 ‎ 1) 掩饰，遮盖 eg.She covered her face with her hands.她双手掩面。 ‎ ‎ 2) 覆盖 eg. Snow covered the ground.大雪覆盖了大地。 ‎ ‎ 3) 占（一片面积） eg. Our s chool covers about 1000 square meters.我们学校占地大约一千平方米。‎ ‎2. 880 meters long:880米长，类似的结构还有：‎ ‎10 meters high/wide/deep 10米高/宽/深比较：The boy is 10 years old.这个男孩10岁。He is a 10-year-old boy.这是个10岁的男孩。‎ 3. hold:此处意为“容纳，包含”，还可表示“拿着，抓住，抱住”或“举行进行”等。‎ eg. The plane holds about 300 passengers.这架飞机可容纳大约300个乘客。‎ She was holding the baby in her arms.她抱着婴儿。‎ Beijing is holding the 9th International Garden Expo.北京正在举行第九届国际园艺博览会。‎ 4. must:此处表示推测，意为“一定是，准是”，语气较肯定。‎ eg.The light is on. She must be at home.灯亮着，她一定在家。‎ may表示推测时可能性较小。‎ eg. It may rain tomorrow.明天可能会下雨。‎ can表示推测时，多用于否定句或疑问句。eg.That can't be Mary—She's in hospital.那不可能是玛丽。她在住院。‎ ‎5. can't wait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事。‎ eg. He couldn't wait to open the box.他迫不及待地打开盒子。‎ 6. one and a half hours=one hour and a half一个半小时。‎ ‎7.in the +方位名词 + of … 指某一范围之内的地 Beijing is in the north of China.‎ to the +方位名词 + of … 指互不接壤并互不管辖的两个地 Taiwan is to the southeast of Fujian. ‎ on the +方位名词 + of … 指相互接壤但互不管辖的两个地区 Shangdong is on the northeast of Henan. ‎ U6T2SC ‎1 .be full of:充满，装满，与be filled with 同义。 ‎ ‎2 .be surprised at... 对……感到惊奇 e.g. He is surprised at dragons. 他对龙感到惊奇。‎ be surprised to do... 惊奇地（做）……‎ e.g. She was surprised to find she was lost. 她惊奇地发现自己迷路了。‎ ‎3 .1) push此处为“挤来挤去，推推搡搡”之意。‎ e.g. People were pushing to get to the front. 人们推推搡搡，向最前面挤。‎ ‎ 2) direction名词，意为“方向”， in all directions 四面八方, in the direction of...意为“朝……方向”；in one’s direction意为“朝着某人的方向”。‎ 4. step on sth. 踏、踩某物e.g. Don’t step on the flowers and grass.不要践踏花草。‎ ‎5.too+adj.+to do sth.意为“太……而不能做某事”。‎ eg. The girl is too young to look after herself.=The girl isn’t old enough to look after herself.这个女孩太小了而照顾不了自己。‎ 6. not ... until ...意为“直到……才……”。until后接表示时间的短语或从句，主句中的谓语动词必须是非持续性动词。当until 用于肯定句中时，意为“直到……为止”，此时主句中的谓语动词应用持续性动词。‎ eg. We didn’t leave the park until the rain stopped.我们直到雨停了才离开公园。We waited in the park until the rain stopped.我们在公园一直等到雨停。‎ ‎7 .as soon as. ‎ ‎1）意为“一……就……”，引导表示时间的状语从句。‎ eg. Please call me as soon as you get there.你一到那儿就给我打电话。‎ ‎2）意为“尽快”。eg. I’ll finish it as soon as possible.我将尽快完成。‎ ‎8 .a two-day trip 一次两天的旅行 ‎ 中间的two-day为复合形容词，后不能加“s”.‎ U6T2SD ‎1. have fun exploring从考察中获得乐趣 have fun(in) doing sth. 从……中获得乐趣 e.g. He has fun playing soccer.他从踢球中获得乐趣。‎ ‎2 .ask sb. for help向某人求助 e.g. The old woman asked the police for help. 这位老大娘向警察寻求帮助。‎ U6T3SA ‎1.a little more confident 更自信一点，more confident是confident的比较级，a little... ……一点, much ... ……得多，两者都可以放在比较级前，用来加强比较的程度。‎ e.g. She is a little younger than he. 她比他年轻一点。‎ This bag is much heavier than that one. 这个包比那个包重得多。‎ ‎2. 1) rule n.规则，规章 e.g. the rules of basketball篮球比赛规则；the rules of grammar语法规则；‎ the rules of law法规 rule v.统治（某人/某事物），管理 e.g. Charles I ruled eleven years. 查理一世统治了(英国)十一年。‎ ‎2) if引导的条件状语从句，它同时间状语从句一样，主句是一般将来时，从句往往用一般现在时表示将来。‎ e.g. If it snows tomorrow, we’ll make snowmen together. ‎ 如果明天下雪，我们将一起堆雪人。‎ ‎3 .before adv.以前，过去，常用于完成时中。‎ e.g. I have received the letter three days before.我三天前就收到信了。‎ ago前，以前，常用于一般过去时。‎ e.g. It happened a few minutes ago. 那是几分钟前发生的事。‎ ‎4 .park动词，停(车），泊(车)。‎ e.g. You can’t park the car here. 此处禁止停车。‎ 另外，park作名词时，指“公园”。‎ e.g. We often take a walk in the park after supper. 晚饭后我们经常在公园里散步。‎ U6T3SB ‎1. careless 粗心的 careful 细心的，小心的 ‎ ‎2 .break ‎1) v. 打破，违反，破坏。break the traffic rules违反交通规则，反义词组为obey the traffic rules 遵守交通规则。‎ ‎2) n. 停顿，休息 e.g. have a break 休息 ‎3 1）fine n. 罚金，罚款 e.g. He got a heavy fine.他受到严重处罚。‎ ‎2）fine adj. 健康的，舒适的 e.g. —How are you? 你好吗？‎ ‎ —Fine, thanks. 很好，谢谢。‎ U6T3SC ‎1 .pay attention to sth.意为“对……注意、当心”，to为介词，后接名词或动名词等作宾语。 ‎ eg. Please pay attention to your pronunciation.请注意你的发音。‎ ‎2 .be good for ... 对……有益 eg. Drinking milk is good for your health.喝牛奶对你的健康有益。‎ 3. share ... with ...与……分享……‎ eg. I’d like to share a room with you.我想和你共住一个房间。‎ 4. notice ‎ ‎1) v.看（听）到，注意到。eg. I noticed them come in.我注意到他们进来了。‎ ‎2）n.通知，布告，公告牌。eg. Look, there is a notice on the board.看，布告牌上有一则通知。‎ ‎5. in case of 意为“如果，假使……”。eg. In case of an earthquake, what will you do?假如发生地震，你会怎么做？‎ ‎6. in a word 意为“简言之，一句话，总之”与in short同义。‎ U6T3SD ‎1. lends its name to…… 以……为名。‎ ‎2 .empty into 注入 ‎ Empty 还有：空的 意思 ‎3 .(1) the International Cycling Union 国际自行车联合会 ‎ (2)host v. (作为主人)招待，举办；n. 主人，东道主 e.g. They hosted a wonderful party. 他们举办了一场很精彩的晚会。‎ the host country for the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会的主办国 ‎4 .over (数目)超过，与more than同义。‎ e.g. The river near here is over/more than four meters deep. ‎ 这附近的一条河有四米多深。‎ ‎5 . go through 空间上通过 Go across 表面上通过 ‎6. be difficult to do sth 做某事有困难 ‎7 .winner获胜者，为动词win的名词形式。‎ 类似的构词法有：‎ play—player； post—poster； work—worker 玩,打球—运动员；邮寄—邮递员；工作—工人 ‎8. without 没有，其反义词为with有，具有。‎ e.g. Fish can’t live without water. 鱼离不开水。‎ He left the room without saying a word. 他没说什么就离开了房间